In the present study, a field study was performed on some herbaceous plants growing in thesoutheast of Ahvaz, where some metal producing industries are active. The aim of this studywas to investigate and compare manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) accumulation in seven dominantherbaceous plants in this area. Plant samples were collected randomly. Associated soils weresampled from the same sites next to the root of individual plants. The metals concentration inthe soil and the plant samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.Highest Mn and Zn concentrations were observed in the shoots of Halocnemum strobilaceum,Taraxacum kotschyi, Malva parviflora, and Solanum nigrum. Moreover, elevated accumulationof Mn was found in the roots of Lolium temulentum, and Convolvulus arvensis. Regarding todefined standards for phytoremediation purposes, studied plants could not be classified ashyperaccumulators, at least under field conditions. Nevertheless, based on accountedbioconcentration and translocation factors, it seems that the majority of investigated plants havethe metals accumulation capacity in shoot parts.
{"title":"Amount of Mn and Zn in herbaceous plants growing on industrial area of steel production companies in southeast of Ahvaz, Iran","authors":"P. Zoufan, Atefe Saadatkhah, S. Rastegarzadeh","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.55528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.55528","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a field study was performed on some herbaceous plants growing in thesoutheast of Ahvaz, where some metal producing industries are active. The aim of this studywas to investigate and compare manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) accumulation in seven dominantherbaceous plants in this area. Plant samples were collected randomly. Associated soils weresampled from the same sites next to the root of individual plants. The metals concentration inthe soil and the plant samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.Highest Mn and Zn concentrations were observed in the shoots of Halocnemum strobilaceum,Taraxacum kotschyi, Malva parviflora, and Solanum nigrum. Moreover, elevated accumulationof Mn was found in the roots of Lolium temulentum, and Convolvulus arvensis. Regarding todefined standards for phytoremediation purposes, studied plants could not be classified ashyperaccumulators, at least under field conditions. Nevertheless, based on accountedbioconcentration and translocation factors, it seems that the majority of investigated plants havethe metals accumulation capacity in shoot parts.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"107 1","pages":"181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81376411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeinab Abdolahnejad, M. Pourkazemi, M. Khoshkholgh
The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) is an economically important species. Sturgeon stockassessment during fingerling production is considered to be one of the most difficult phases ofhatchery rearing. The present study investigated the expression of growth hormone (GH)mRNA in unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs, eyed eggs (2 day before hatching), non-viable eggsand newly-hatched Siberian sturgeon. Knowledge about the expression of GH during egg andembryo development can help determine the quality of the eggs. This can help predict larvalviability and, to some extent, directly determine the growth and survival of young fish. Little isknown about the effect of this hormone on egg quality in sturgeon. The present study analyzedrelative GH mRNA expression using the 2-ΔΔCT method. Ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6)transcripts were used as the housekeeping gene for normalization of GH mRNA transcription.The highest levels of GH mRNA were found in eyed eggs and the lowest levels were detected innon-viable eggs (P< 0.05). These findings suggest GH mRNA as a potential marker for eggquality in Siberian sturgeon.
{"title":"Transcription of growth hormone mRNA as a molecular marker of egg quality in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)","authors":"Zeinab Abdolahnejad, M. Pourkazemi, M. Khoshkholgh","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53955","url":null,"abstract":"The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) is an economically important species. Sturgeon stockassessment during fingerling production is considered to be one of the most difficult phases ofhatchery rearing. The present study investigated the expression of growth hormone (GH)mRNA in unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs, eyed eggs (2 day before hatching), non-viable eggsand newly-hatched Siberian sturgeon. Knowledge about the expression of GH during egg andembryo development can help determine the quality of the eggs. This can help predict larvalviability and, to some extent, directly determine the growth and survival of young fish. Little isknown about the effect of this hormone on egg quality in sturgeon. The present study analyzedrelative GH mRNA expression using the 2-ΔΔCT method. Ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6)transcripts were used as the housekeeping gene for normalization of GH mRNA transcription.The highest levels of GH mRNA were found in eyed eggs and the lowest levels were detected innon-viable eggs (P< 0.05). These findings suggest GH mRNA as a potential marker for eggquality in Siberian sturgeon.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78923012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Zebardast, M. Zamani, M. Motallebi, Zahra Moghaddassi-Jahromi
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are members of the pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-14) and some of them exhibit activity against phytopathogenic fungi. To investigate whether rice LTP2 plays a role in antifungal activity, the coding region of an Iranian rice Ltp2 gene was cloned into expression vector pET24-d(+) and then expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta strain (DE3). The potential antifungal activity of the purified LTP2 was tested on mycelial growth of some important phytopathogenic fungi. The results showed that the rice LTP2 inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. oxysporum. Also, the purified LTP2 protein was shown to strongly inhibit spore germination and consequential mycelia of Alternaria brassicola.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of recombinant rice LTP2 on some phytopathogenic fungi","authors":"F. Zebardast, M. Zamani, M. Motallebi, Zahra Moghaddassi-Jahromi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53976","url":null,"abstract":"Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are members of the pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-14) and some of them exhibit activity against phytopathogenic fungi. To investigate whether rice LTP2 plays a role in antifungal activity, the coding region of an Iranian rice Ltp2 gene was cloned into expression vector pET24-d(+) and then expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta strain (DE3). The potential antifungal activity of the purified LTP2 was tested on mycelial growth of some important phytopathogenic fungi. The results showed that the rice LTP2 inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. oxysporum. Also, the purified LTP2 protein was shown to strongly inhibit spore germination and consequential mycelia of Alternaria brassicola.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"565 1","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77609474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green olive cultivars “Manzanila” and “Mission” were harvested at the mature green stage. They were either treated with 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) at a concentration of 1.8 µL/L for 24 h at 20°C or kept untreated as a control. Both treated and untreated fruits were then immersed in water containing CaCl2 of 0 (control), 50 and 100 mM for 2 h under 1.2 bar pressure. Fruits were then surface dried, put into plastic basket and stored at 6°C with relative humidity of 80% in a refrigerator for 12 weeks. The non-1-MCP treated fruits softened within 6 weeks after harvest. In contrast, the 1-MCP treatment inhibited fruit softening and color changes. Treatment with CaCl2 delayed fruit softening, but had little effect on fruit color. The rate of ethylene production and respiration were also significantly (P<0.05) lower in fruits treated separately by 1-MCP and CaCl2, compared to the control. However, the effect of 1-MCP in combination with CaCl2 was more effective in the case of color change and softening during cold storage. It could be concluded that the fruits treated with a combination of 1-MCP and CaCl2, were superior in preventing fruit softening and green color loss, and suffered minimum damage for 12 weeks at 6°C.
{"title":"Effect of 1-methylcyclopropane in combination with Calcium chloride on postharvest storage and quality of green olives","authors":"F. Amini, A. Ramin","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53972","url":null,"abstract":"Green olive cultivars “Manzanila” and “Mission” were harvested at the mature green stage. They were either treated with 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) at a concentration of 1.8 µL/L for 24 h at 20°C or kept untreated as a control. Both treated and untreated fruits were then immersed in water containing CaCl2 of 0 (control), 50 and 100 mM for 2 h under 1.2 bar pressure. Fruits were then surface dried, put into plastic basket and stored at 6°C with relative humidity of 80% in a refrigerator for 12 weeks. The non-1-MCP treated fruits softened within 6 weeks after harvest. In contrast, the 1-MCP treatment inhibited fruit softening and color changes. Treatment with CaCl2 delayed fruit softening, but had little effect on fruit color. The rate of ethylene production and respiration were also significantly (P<0.05) lower in fruits treated separately by 1-MCP and CaCl2, compared to the control. However, the effect of 1-MCP in combination with CaCl2 was more effective in the case of color change and softening during cold storage. It could be concluded that the fruits treated with a combination of 1-MCP and CaCl2, were superior in preventing fruit softening and green color loss, and suffered minimum damage for 12 weeks at 6°C.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84279450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Living organisms can sense and respond to external and internal stimuli. Response isdemonstrated in many forms including modulation of gene expression profiles, motility,secretion, cell death, etc. Nevertheless, all forms share a basic property: they depend on sensingsmall changes in the concentration of an effector molecule or subtle conformational changes ina protein and invoking the appropriate molecular response by the relevant signaling pathways.Sensing, transduction, and response to signals may be directly carried out by controlled changesin the conformation or the assembly of pre-existing components(1,2)or may involve changes ingene expression patterns (as in cell differentiation and development), which in turn is carriedout by protein-nucleic acid interactions and complex formation. Hence, understandingconformational changes in proteins and nucleic acids, ligand binding, and complex formationplay acentral role in advancing our knowledge of cellular dynamics. Large-scale interactionmapping projects continue to provide detailed (though approximate) interaction networksbetween pairs of proteins (3–6), but fall short of capturing the stability or dynamics of theinteractions. Integration of these maps with thermodynamic and kinetic information aboutconformational changes and binding events in proteins and nucleic acids holds the promise ofdiscovering simple universal mechanisms that explain and relate seemingly disparate biologicalphenomena at many levels of complexity. In this article, I will explore ‘cooperativity’, one ofthe most ubiquitous features in molecular biology and discuss how it impacts macromolecularfolding, complex assembly, formation of biological networks, and eventually cellular functionand pathology.
{"title":"Cooperativity in biological systems","authors":"R. Behrouzi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53951","url":null,"abstract":"Living organisms can sense and respond to external and internal stimuli. Response isdemonstrated in many forms including modulation of gene expression profiles, motility,secretion, cell death, etc. Nevertheless, all forms share a basic property: they depend on sensingsmall changes in the concentration of an effector molecule or subtle conformational changes ina protein and invoking the appropriate molecular response by the relevant signaling pathways.Sensing, transduction, and response to signals may be directly carried out by controlled changesin the conformation or the assembly of pre-existing components(1,2)or may involve changes ingene expression patterns (as in cell differentiation and development), which in turn is carriedout by protein-nucleic acid interactions and complex formation. Hence, understandingconformational changes in proteins and nucleic acids, ligand binding, and complex formationplay acentral role in advancing our knowledge of cellular dynamics. Large-scale interactionmapping projects continue to provide detailed (though approximate) interaction networksbetween pairs of proteins (3–6), but fall short of capturing the stability or dynamics of theinteractions. Integration of these maps with thermodynamic and kinetic information aboutconformational changes and binding events in proteins and nucleic acids holds the promise ofdiscovering simple universal mechanisms that explain and relate seemingly disparate biologicalphenomena at many levels of complexity. In this article, I will explore ‘cooperativity’, one ofthe most ubiquitous features in molecular biology and discuss how it impacts macromolecularfolding, complex assembly, formation of biological networks, and eventually cellular functionand pathology.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80547129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endophytes are considered as an important source of bioactive natural products because thesemicroorganisms are able to occupy unique biological niches and grow in non-ordinaryenvironments. Therefore, endophytic fungi of medicinal plants can be developed for medicinalapplications. On the other hand, medicinal properties of plant can be ascribed to its endophyticfungi. Thymus sp. is widely used as a medicinal plant. In this research, the endophyticmicroflora of the plant was studied. In order to isolate endophytic fungi, 800 segments of 6Thymus species were collected from its natural habitats in Hamedan province (Iran) andmedicinal plants garden during the seasons of spring, summer and fall 2011. Finally, 95 isolatesconsisting of 11 different fungal genera, 6 yeast isolates and 19 infertile mycelium wereobtained. Among the identified isolates, the most abundant genera were Alternaria, Phoma, andFusarium. The above mentioned genera and the genera of Cladosporium and Colletorichumwere first reported from Thymus in Iran. The genera Curvularia, Cylindrocarpon, Drecheslra,Aspergillus, Stemphylium and Ulocladium were also, first reported from Thymus in the world.
{"title":"Isolation, identification and biodiversity of endophytic fungi o Thymus","authors":"S. Masumi, S. Mirzaei, D. Zafari, R. Kalvandi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53954","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytes are considered as an important source of bioactive natural products because thesemicroorganisms are able to occupy unique biological niches and grow in non-ordinaryenvironments. Therefore, endophytic fungi of medicinal plants can be developed for medicinalapplications. On the other hand, medicinal properties of plant can be ascribed to its endophyticfungi. Thymus sp. is widely used as a medicinal plant. In this research, the endophyticmicroflora of the plant was studied. In order to isolate endophytic fungi, 800 segments of 6Thymus species were collected from its natural habitats in Hamedan province (Iran) andmedicinal plants garden during the seasons of spring, summer and fall 2011. Finally, 95 isolatesconsisting of 11 different fungal genera, 6 yeast isolates and 19 infertile mycelium wereobtained. Among the identified isolates, the most abundant genera were Alternaria, Phoma, andFusarium. The above mentioned genera and the genera of Cladosporium and Colletorichumwere first reported from Thymus in Iran. The genera Curvularia, Cylindrocarpon, Drecheslra,Aspergillus, Stemphylium and Ulocladium were also, first reported from Thymus in the world.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89906638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Parhamfar, Arastoo Badoei-dalfard, M. Khaleghi, M. Hassanshahian
Microbial phytases were applied mainly to animal and human foodstuffs in order to improvemineral bioavailability and food processing. In addition, phytases have potentialbiotechnological application in various other fields, such as environmental protection,aquaculture and agriculture. Bacillus sp. DM12, an isolate from a hot spring, produces phytase,which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid into myo-inositol and inorganic phosphates.Phytase from Bacillus sp. DM12 was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation anddialysis, followed by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Molecular weight ofthe purified phytase was estimated to be 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Km and Vmax values for sodiumphytate were 0.177 mM and 1.126 μmol/min, respectively. The optimum temperature forphytase activity was found to be 50°C. The enzyme retained over 75% of its activity over atemperature range of 30 to 80°C. The highest phytase activity was observed at pH 4.5 and adecline of enzyme activity was observed on both sides of pH optimum. The enzyme was stableover the pH range of 3.0 to 6.0. The enzyme retained over 80% of its activity in the presence of5 mM metal ions except CaCl2. It is also indicated that the enzyme retained over 65% of itsactivity over a 5 mM metal ions. These properties suggest that this phytase is a suitable enzymefor the hydrolysis of phytic acid and phytates in food and feed processing industries.
{"title":"Purification and characterization of an acidic, thermophilic phytase from a newly isolated Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain DM12","authors":"Maryam Parhamfar, Arastoo Badoei-dalfard, M. Khaleghi, M. Hassanshahian","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53956","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial phytases were applied mainly to animal and human foodstuffs in order to improvemineral bioavailability and food processing. In addition, phytases have potentialbiotechnological application in various other fields, such as environmental protection,aquaculture and agriculture. Bacillus sp. DM12, an isolate from a hot spring, produces phytase,which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid into myo-inositol and inorganic phosphates.Phytase from Bacillus sp. DM12 was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation anddialysis, followed by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Molecular weight ofthe purified phytase was estimated to be 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Km and Vmax values for sodiumphytate were 0.177 mM and 1.126 μmol/min, respectively. The optimum temperature forphytase activity was found to be 50°C. The enzyme retained over 75% of its activity over atemperature range of 30 to 80°C. The highest phytase activity was observed at pH 4.5 and adecline of enzyme activity was observed on both sides of pH optimum. The enzyme was stableover the pH range of 3.0 to 6.0. The enzyme retained over 80% of its activity in the presence of5 mM metal ions except CaCl2. It is also indicated that the enzyme retained over 65% of itsactivity over a 5 mM metal ions. These properties suggest that this phytase is a suitable enzymefor the hydrolysis of phytic acid and phytates in food and feed processing industries.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80416515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The response of Clarias gariepinus to Paraquat dichloride, a herbicide that is in high demand in the fragile Niger Delta ecological zone was investigated. The herbicide had been detected in most of the water bodies in the region. The fishes were exposed to the range of concentrations observed in the field (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) µg/L for 28 days, conducted under the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. Signs of stress were monitored and blood samples were taken from the caudal vein located behind the backbone for biochemical study. Biochemical parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. There were moderate changes in cortisol secretion, glucose levels and fluctuation in protein levels. No mortalities occurred during the test. These findings indicate that Paraquat dichloride can be tolerated by the tropical fish. Nevertheless, it should be used with care as incessant usage can increase its concentrations in the environment. The herbicide binds rapidly and tightly to clay materials and can easily leach into water, which could be lethal to aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna. It can also magnify along the trophic level, which could be detrimental to humans.
{"title":"Effects of agro-chemicals on fishes: With reference to changes in circulating biochemical parameters in Clarias gariepinus induced with Paraquat dichloride","authors":"T. Ikpesu","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53971","url":null,"abstract":"The response of Clarias gariepinus to Paraquat dichloride, a herbicide that is in high demand in the fragile Niger Delta ecological zone was investigated. The herbicide had been detected in most of the water bodies in the region. The fishes were exposed to the range of concentrations observed in the field (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) µg/L for 28 days, conducted under the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. Signs of stress were monitored and blood samples were taken from the caudal vein located behind the backbone for biochemical study. Biochemical parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. There were moderate changes in cortisol secretion, glucose levels and fluctuation in protein levels. No mortalities occurred during the test. These findings indicate that Paraquat dichloride can be tolerated by the tropical fish. Nevertheless, it should be used with care as incessant usage can increase its concentrations in the environment. The herbicide binds rapidly and tightly to clay materials and can easily leach into water, which could be lethal to aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna. It can also magnify along the trophic level, which could be detrimental to humans.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81972972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francoeuria undulata (L.) LACK is often synonymous with two species of the genus Pulicaria,i.e. Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A. Mey and Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.) olive, which are oftenincluded under the genus Francoeuria. The essential oil yield and compositions in the fivenatural populations of Francoeuria undulata from Fars Province in southern Iran weredetermined by GC and GC/MS analysis. The essential oil yields ranged between 0.34 and0.52% (w/w) with a mean of 0.42%, in the five populations studied. Fifty-six compounds wereidentified in the oil samples, representing 92.9% of the total oil. Eighteen major compoundsdetected in the oil samples at an average concentration of about 1% of the total oil in the fivepopulations have been considered for statistical analyses. The main components included 1,8-cineol (21.1%), alloaromadendrene epoxide (16.9%), eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1-s-ol (15.7%), α-terpineol (8.1%), α-pinene (5.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.0%). By evaluating the changes in theessential oil components, we have concluded the existence of a high intraspecific geneticvariation among the Francoeuria undulata populations. Based on the canonical discriminantfunctions the analysis enabled the identification of four chemotypes. Moreover, the presence oftrans-methyl dihydrojasmonate and high levels of oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes in theessential oils of the plant, indicate the high chemical defensive ability of Francoeuria undulata.
{"title":"Essential oil variations among the natural populations of Francoeuria undulata","authors":"M. Bastan, H. Sadeghi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53958","url":null,"abstract":"Francoeuria undulata (L.) LACK is often synonymous with two species of the genus Pulicaria,i.e. Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A. Mey and Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.) olive, which are oftenincluded under the genus Francoeuria. The essential oil yield and compositions in the fivenatural populations of Francoeuria undulata from Fars Province in southern Iran weredetermined by GC and GC/MS analysis. The essential oil yields ranged between 0.34 and0.52% (w/w) with a mean of 0.42%, in the five populations studied. Fifty-six compounds wereidentified in the oil samples, representing 92.9% of the total oil. Eighteen major compoundsdetected in the oil samples at an average concentration of about 1% of the total oil in the fivepopulations have been considered for statistical analyses. The main components included 1,8-cineol (21.1%), alloaromadendrene epoxide (16.9%), eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1-s-ol (15.7%), α-terpineol (8.1%), α-pinene (5.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.0%). By evaluating the changes in theessential oil components, we have concluded the existence of a high intraspecific geneticvariation among the Francoeuria undulata populations. Based on the canonical discriminantfunctions the analysis enabled the identification of four chemotypes. Moreover, the presence oftrans-methyl dihydrojasmonate and high levels of oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes in theessential oils of the plant, indicate the high chemical defensive ability of Francoeuria undulata.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84277957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. G. Jahromi, H. Rahnama, A. Mousavi, M. Safarnejad, S. KalateJari, Saeed Soheilivand
One of the most efficient mechanisms by which plants protect themselves from invading virusesis the specific RNA-dependent silencing pathway termed post-transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS). In this mechanism, resistance to a virus is engineered through the expression of asegment of the virus genomein transgenic plants. Potato VirusY (PVY) is one of the mostdamaging viruses of potato, infecting most cultivars and causing significant yield lossesthroughout the world. The present study was performed to compare the efficiency of threeconstruct containing different regions of 3′UTR (UR) and coat protein (CP) against PVYinfection. Expression of homologous hairpin RNA to PVY in potato plant was carried out bytransient gene expression of constructs with agro-infiltration followed by mechanical viralinfection. Results showed that successful production of siRNAs confer resistance to two PVYstrain. Comparison between transiently expressed constructs indicated that applying CP+URPVY hairpin RNA was the most efficient RNAi construct to confer resistance. Resistance wasfound to have taken the form of immunity, since no viral particle could be detected in the upperleaves as shown by ELISA assay and Northern hybridizations. To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the application of 3'non-coding region of PVY in conferring completeresistance against virus in potato.
{"title":"Transient expression of coding and non-coding regions of PVY confer resistance to virus infection","authors":"M. G. Jahromi, H. Rahnama, A. Mousavi, M. Safarnejad, S. KalateJari, Saeed Soheilivand","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.53952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.53952","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most efficient mechanisms by which plants protect themselves from invading virusesis the specific RNA-dependent silencing pathway termed post-transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS). In this mechanism, resistance to a virus is engineered through the expression of asegment of the virus genomein transgenic plants. Potato VirusY (PVY) is one of the mostdamaging viruses of potato, infecting most cultivars and causing significant yield lossesthroughout the world. The present study was performed to compare the efficiency of threeconstruct containing different regions of 3′UTR (UR) and coat protein (CP) against PVYinfection. Expression of homologous hairpin RNA to PVY in potato plant was carried out bytransient gene expression of constructs with agro-infiltration followed by mechanical viralinfection. Results showed that successful production of siRNAs confer resistance to two PVYstrain. Comparison between transiently expressed constructs indicated that applying CP+URPVY hairpin RNA was the most efficient RNAi construct to confer resistance. Resistance wasfound to have taken the form of immunity, since no viral particle could be detected in the upperleaves as shown by ELISA assay and Northern hybridizations. To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the application of 3'non-coding region of PVY in conferring completeresistance against virus in potato.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84841261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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