Seyyedhassan Paylakhi, Seyedeh Zahra Paylakhi, S. Ozgoli
Identifying genes underlying complex diseases/traits that generally involve multiple etiological mechanisms and contributing genes is difficult. Although microarray technology has enabled researchers to investigate gene expression changes, but identifying pathobiologically relevant genes remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we apply a new method for selecting the disease-relevant genes from a published microarray dataset. The approach is comprised of combination of fisher criteria, SAM (Significance Analysis for Microarrays), and GA/SVM (Genetic Algorithm/ Support Vector Machine). To get rid of noisy and redundant genes in high dimensional microarray data, the Fisher method is used. SAM technique is utilized and different subsets of highly informative genes are selected by GA/SVM which uses different training sets. The final subset, highly informative genes, is achieved by analyzing the number of times each gene occurs in the different gene subsets. The proposed method was tested on microarray data of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the biological significance of identified genes was evaluated, and the results were compared with those of previous studies. The results indicate that the proposed method has a good selection and classification performance, which can produce 94.55 of classification accuracy by use of only 44 genes. From biological point of view, at least 24 (55%) of these genes are Alzheimer associated genes. Analysis of these genes by GO and KEGG led to identification of AD-related terms and pathways. These genes can act as predictors of the disease as well as a mean to find new candidate genes.
{"title":"Identification of Alzheimer disease-relevant genes using a novel hybrid method","authors":"Seyyedhassan Paylakhi, Seyedeh Zahra Paylakhi, S. Ozgoli","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59006","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying genes underlying complex diseases/traits that generally involve multiple etiological mechanisms and contributing genes is difficult. Although microarray technology has enabled researchers to investigate gene expression changes, but identifying pathobiologically relevant genes remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we apply a new method for selecting the disease-relevant genes from a published microarray dataset. The approach is comprised of combination of fisher criteria, SAM (Significance Analysis for Microarrays), and GA/SVM (Genetic Algorithm/ Support Vector Machine). To get rid of noisy and redundant genes in high dimensional microarray data, the Fisher method is used. SAM technique is utilized and different subsets of highly informative genes are selected by GA/SVM which uses different training sets. The final subset, highly informative genes, is achieved by analyzing the number of times each gene occurs in the different gene subsets. The proposed method was tested on microarray data of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the biological significance of identified genes was evaluated, and the results were compared with those of previous studies. The results indicate that the proposed method has a good selection and classification performance, which can produce 94.55 of classification accuracy by use of only 44 genes. From biological point of view, at least 24 (55%) of these genes are Alzheimer associated genes. Analysis of these genes by GO and KEGG led to identification of AD-related terms and pathways. These genes can act as predictors of the disease as well as a mean to find new candidate genes.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76772845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anther, pollen and ovule development in Achillea tenuifolia were studied with a bright field microscopy. Results showed that the anther is of tetrasporangiate type and the anther wall is composed by four layers: an epidermis, an endothecium, one middle layer and a tapetum layer. Tapetum is of secretory type and its cells showed polyploidy. Pollen tetrads were tetrahedral, microspores were very irregular and contained large amounts of starch at the time of dispersion. Pollen grains were generally tricolporate, and in some cases were tetracolporate or even pentacolporate with spines on surface. The size of the pollen grains varied and ranging from 18-42.5 μm at the polar axis and from 16.5-35.5 μm at the equatorial axis. Ovule is anatropous, unitegmic and tenuiucellate. The archesporium may consist of one or more archeosporial cells, but only one of them undergoes meiosis, forming a linear or T-shaped tetrad. A 7-celled embryo sac is formed corresponding to the Polygonum type. Embryo sac is very tiny at the beginning of its development, its size was increased considerably at late growth stages. The relationship between Asteraceae, Calyceraceae and Goodeniaceae are discussed but based on embryological evidence, Goodeniaceae appear to be the putative sister group of Asteraceae. To understand more exact relationships within the order Asterales, embryological studies are recommended.
{"title":"Male and female gametophyte development in Achillea tenuifolia (Asteraceae)","authors":"A. Chehregani, H. Salehi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59011","url":null,"abstract":"The anther, pollen and ovule development in Achillea tenuifolia were studied with a bright field microscopy. Results showed that the anther is of tetrasporangiate type and the anther wall is composed by four layers: an epidermis, an endothecium, one middle layer and a tapetum layer. Tapetum is of secretory type and its cells showed polyploidy. Pollen tetrads were tetrahedral, microspores were very irregular and contained large amounts of starch at the time of dispersion. Pollen grains were generally tricolporate, and in some cases were tetracolporate or even pentacolporate with spines on surface. The size of the pollen grains varied and ranging from 18-42.5 μm at the polar axis and from 16.5-35.5 μm at the equatorial axis. Ovule is anatropous, unitegmic and tenuiucellate. The archesporium may consist of one or more archeosporial cells, but only one of them undergoes meiosis, forming a linear or T-shaped tetrad. A 7-celled embryo sac is formed corresponding to the Polygonum type. Embryo sac is very tiny at the beginning of its development, its size was increased considerably at late growth stages. The relationship between Asteraceae, Calyceraceae and Goodeniaceae are discussed but based on embryological evidence, Goodeniaceae appear to be the putative sister group of Asteraceae. To understand more exact relationships within the order Asterales, embryological studies are recommended.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74779112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large and diverse genera, such as Silene need more reliable morphological traits for the credible identification and delimitation of the species. Despite the fact that the type of indumentum among the species of Silene had been addressed in most available revisions, monographs and floristic studies, the trichome-based features and their adaptational importance have not been investigated explicitly. In the present study, the trichomes of annual species of Silene in Iran are studied. Beside other floral traits and vegetative features, the presence, distribution and mixture of the glandular and eglandular trichomes on stems, leaves, inflorescence axes, pedicels, anthophores, inner and outer surfaces of calyces, petals and styles are proved to be of diagnostic importance in Silene. Indumentum of the inner calyx among the studied species is investigated here for the first time. An identification key is performed mainly based on indumentum features. In addition, a putative trichome-based defense strategy is proposed in the examined species.
{"title":"The indumentum of vegetative and reproductive parts of annual Silene L. species (Caryophyllaceae) in Iran","authors":"E. Hoseini, F. Ghahremaninejad, M. Assadi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59013","url":null,"abstract":"Large and diverse genera, such as Silene need more reliable morphological traits for the credible identification and delimitation of the species. Despite the fact that the type of indumentum among the species of Silene had been addressed in most available revisions, monographs and floristic studies, the trichome-based features and their adaptational importance have not been investigated explicitly. In the present study, the trichomes of annual species of Silene in Iran are studied. Beside other floral traits and vegetative features, the presence, distribution and mixture of the glandular and eglandular trichomes on stems, leaves, inflorescence axes, pedicels, anthophores, inner and outer surfaces of calyces, petals and styles are proved to be of diagnostic importance in Silene. Indumentum of the inner calyx among the studied species is investigated here for the first time. An identification key is performed mainly based on indumentum features. In addition, a putative trichome-based defense strategy is proposed in the examined species.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"104 1","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86431588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An efficient DNA isolation protocol specifically modified to get pure quality DNA required for molecular studieshas been reported in this paper. Some aquatic plants (Potamogeton spp., Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum) were used for the study. The protocol developed will be useful in getting high and pure DNA. Instead of using the available DNA extraction kits, this protocol can be used to get pure quality DNA, freefrom proteins and polysaccharide compounds. The absorbance rate A260/A280 was 1.92 ± 0.069 and A260/A230 was 1.73 by spectrophotometer and NanoDrop machines which showed the sample genomic DNA is pure, free from contaminant proteins and polyphenolics/polysaccharides compound. The highest concentration of DNA was 640 ± 340.58 ng/μl when measured at 260 nm. When we run on agarose gel also, the isolated DNA gave a clear and sharp band. Thus, the DNA does not need any additional purification before proceeding for molecular analysis of the isolated DNA samples. This protocol is very simple and economical which will find wide applications in genomic studies of aquatic plants.
{"title":"An efficient and simple CTAB based method for total genomic DNA isolation from low amounts of aquatic plants leaves with a high level of secondary metabolites","authors":"S. Afsharzadeh, Shabnam Abbasi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59012","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient DNA isolation protocol specifically modified to get pure quality DNA required for molecular studieshas been reported in this paper. Some aquatic plants (Potamogeton spp., Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum) were used for the study. The protocol developed will be useful in getting high and pure DNA. Instead of using the available DNA extraction kits, this protocol can be used to get pure quality DNA, freefrom proteins and polysaccharide compounds. The absorbance rate A260/A280 was 1.92 ± 0.069 and A260/A230 was 1.73 by spectrophotometer and NanoDrop machines which showed the sample genomic DNA is pure, free from contaminant proteins and polyphenolics/polysaccharides compound. The highest concentration of DNA was 640 ± 340.58 ng/μl when measured at 260 nm. When we run on agarose gel also, the isolated DNA gave a clear and sharp band. Thus, the DNA does not need any additional purification before proceeding for molecular analysis of the isolated DNA samples. This protocol is very simple and economical which will find wide applications in genomic studies of aquatic plants.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76823984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we introduce a stochastic optimization method based ona mixed Bayesian/frequentist approach to a sample size determinationproblem in a clinical trial. The data are assumed to come from a nor-mal distribution for which both the mean and the variance are unknown.In contrast to the usual Bayesian decision theoretic methodology, whichassumes a single decision maker, our method recognizes the existence ofthree decision makers, namely: the company conducting the trial, whichdecides on its size; the regulator, whose approval is necessary for the drugto be licensed for sale; and the public at large, who determine ultimateusage. Moreover, we model the subsequent usage by plausible assumptionsfor actual behaviour. A Monte Carlo Markov Chain is applied to nd themaximum expected utility of conducting the trial.Sample size determination problem is an important task in the planning oftrials. The problem may be formulated formally in statistical terms. Themost frequently used methods are based on the required size, and power of thetrial for a specifed treatment efect Several authors haverecognized the value of using prior distributions rather than point estimatesin sample size calculations.
{"title":"A mixed Bayesian/Frequentist approach in sample size determination problem for clinical trials","authors":"M. Bideli, J. Gittins, H. Pezeshk","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59001","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce a stochastic optimization method based ona mixed Bayesian/frequentist approach to a sample size determinationproblem in a clinical trial. The data are assumed to come from a nor-mal distribution for which both the mean and the variance are unknown.In contrast to the usual Bayesian decision theoretic methodology, whichassumes a single decision maker, our method recognizes the existence ofthree decision makers, namely: the company conducting the trial, whichdecides on its size; the regulator, whose approval is necessary for the drugto be licensed for sale; and the public at large, who determine ultimateusage. Moreover, we model the subsequent usage by plausible assumptionsfor actual behaviour. A Monte Carlo Markov Chain is applied to nd themaximum expected utility of conducting the trial.Sample size determination problem is an important task in the planning oftrials. The problem may be formulated formally in statistical terms. Themost frequently used methods are based on the required size, and power of thetrial for a specifed treatment efect Several authors haverecognized the value of using prior distributions rather than point estimatesin sample size calculations.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79784456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Zarrini, Leila Taheran, M. Zakerhamidi, S. Khorram
Medical polymers, such as urinary catheters are widely used biomaterials. One of the main problem for using the urinary catheters is biofilm formation on their surface, when they are used in a long time in the body. Virulence and pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis is often enhanced when growing as a biofilm. Many techniques have been presented to reduce the biofilm formation by surface modification. One of the most revolutionary techniques allowing such surface modifications is the plasma surface modification. In this work, plasma effects on S. epidermidis biofilm formation on urinary catheter surface have been investigated. Plasma was produced in a Pyrex glass tube containing nitrogen with pressure 1.6×10-1 Torr for plasma treatment of a catheter surface. Discharge voltage was about 1.2 kV and current was 150 mA. Each set of plasma treated catheter samples was inoculated by cultivation of S. epidermidis on 50 ml of Tryptic soy broth medium in the shaking incubator for 48 h at 37°C and 100 rpm. Then, amount of biofilm formation on the surface of polymer were assessed by crystal violet binding assay and sonication method. The results of these experiments indicated reduced biofilm formation on the modified surface around 50-60% compared to non-modified surface. This study shows that plasma surface modification can be used to reduce biofilm formation on medical polymers such as urinary catheter.
医用聚合物，如导尿管是广泛使用的生物材料。导尿管使用的主要问题之一是其表面形成生物膜，当它们在体内长时间使用时。表皮葡萄球菌作为生物膜生长时，其毒力和致病性往往增强。目前已经提出了许多通过表面修饰来减少生物膜形成的技术。允许这种表面修饰的最具革命性的技术之一是等离子体表面修饰。本文研究了血浆对尿导管表面表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响。等离子体在含有氮气的耐热玻璃管中产生，压力为1.6×10-1 Torr，用于导管表面的等离子体处理。放电电压约1.2 kV，电流为150 mA。每组经血浆处理的导管样品均接种表皮葡萄球菌于50 ml Tryptic大豆肉汁培养基上，在37℃、100 rpm的摇培养箱中培养48 h。然后用结晶紫结合法和超声法测定聚合物表面生物膜的形成量。实验结果表明，与未改性表面相比，改性表面的生物膜形成减少了约50-60%。该研究表明，等离子体表面改性可用于减少医用聚合物(如导尿管)上的生物膜形成。
{"title":"Plasma can reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation on medical polymers","authors":"G. Zarrini, Leila Taheran, M. Zakerhamidi, S. Khorram","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59005","url":null,"abstract":"Medical polymers, such as urinary catheters are widely used biomaterials. One of the main problem for using the urinary catheters is biofilm formation on their surface, when they are used in a long time in the body. Virulence and pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis is often enhanced when growing as a biofilm. Many techniques have been presented to reduce the biofilm formation by surface modification. One of the most revolutionary techniques allowing such surface modifications is the plasma surface modification. In this work, plasma effects on S. epidermidis biofilm formation on urinary catheter surface have been investigated. Plasma was produced in a Pyrex glass tube containing nitrogen with pressure 1.6×10-1 Torr for plasma treatment of a catheter surface. Discharge voltage was about 1.2 kV and current was 150 mA. Each set of plasma treated catheter samples was inoculated by cultivation of S. epidermidis on 50 ml of Tryptic soy broth medium in the shaking incubator for 48 h at 37°C and 100 rpm. Then, amount of biofilm formation on the surface of polymer were assessed by crystal violet binding assay and sonication method. The results of these experiments indicated reduced biofilm formation on the modified surface around 50-60% compared to non-modified surface. This study shows that plasma surface modification can be used to reduce biofilm formation on medical polymers such as urinary catheter.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85684509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vasodilator response of nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were studied todetermine the significance of the actions and interactions of these gasotransmitters for controlling aortic tone in rats. The isometric tension of five separate sets of experiments was recorded. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO donor), sodium disulphide (Na2S; H2S donor), SO2 derivatives and their paired combinations were added to phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction during the peak value. Then maximal relaxation rate was calculated four times at 5 min intervals. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) and Glibenclamide (GLIB) were applied for investigating the molecular mechanism of the gasses. While, in a separate set of experiments, we used either L-Arginine (L-Arg), L-Cysteine (L-Cyst) or L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) before applying gasotransmitters. Highest and prolonged relaxation rate were recorded when SNP was combined with SO2. The combination of Na2S and SO2-induced vasorelaxation was blocked by TEA and GLIB pretreatments. L-Cyst decreased relaxation compared to SNP and vice versa to SO2 induced vasorelaxation. L-Arg markedly attenuated relaxation responses of Na2S and SO2 derivatives. Also, L-NAME delayed relaxation compared to Na2S and SO2. These results suggest that exogenous paired combinations of H2S, NO and SO2 will enhance and elongate the rate of aortic relaxation. Meanwhile, preincubation of aortic rings with precursors attenuate the dilatory effects of exogenous studied gases.
{"title":"Vasodilatory effects of nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in rats: Time-dependent interaction study","authors":"Abbas Salihi, Mudhir Shekha, Omar A. M. Al-Habib","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59004","url":null,"abstract":"The vasodilator response of nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were studied todetermine the significance of the actions and interactions of these gasotransmitters for controlling aortic tone in rats. The isometric tension of five separate sets of experiments was recorded. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO donor), sodium disulphide (Na2S; H2S donor), SO2 derivatives and their paired combinations were added to phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction during the peak value. Then maximal relaxation rate was calculated four times at 5 min intervals. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) and Glibenclamide (GLIB) were applied for investigating the molecular mechanism of the gasses. While, in a separate set of experiments, we used either L-Arginine (L-Arg), L-Cysteine (L-Cyst) or L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) before applying gasotransmitters. Highest and prolonged relaxation rate were recorded when SNP was combined with SO2. The combination of Na2S and SO2-induced vasorelaxation was blocked by TEA and GLIB pretreatments. L-Cyst decreased relaxation compared to SNP and vice versa to SO2 induced vasorelaxation. L-Arg markedly attenuated relaxation responses of Na2S and SO2 derivatives. Also, L-NAME delayed relaxation compared to Na2S and SO2. These results suggest that exogenous paired combinations of H2S, NO and SO2 will enhance and elongate the rate of aortic relaxation. Meanwhile, preincubation of aortic rings with precursors attenuate the dilatory effects of exogenous studied gases.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84112247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of different concentrations [0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mgL-1] of Fe3O4 and CuO nano-particles (nFe3O4 and nCuO) were investigated on sulforaphane (SFN) production level in 7-day-old seedlings of Lepidium draba at different time intervals (8 and 16 hrs). According to the results, the influence of the particles on SFN contentdepends on nano-particle (NP) concentrations, time of treatment as well as chemical nature of NPs. The SFN content was significantly increased in treated seedlings with 5 mgL-1nCuO and all nFe3O4 concentrations as well as nFe3O4-treated callus after 8 hrs. However, by the increasing treatment time to 16 hrs, no significant changes on the SFN content were seen compared to the control. Furthermore, activity of peroxidase was also significantly promoted in treatment with both NPs (especially at higher concentrations) after 8 hrs and drastically decreased after 16 hrs. On the other hand, seed germination as well as the root and shoot length (except root length in treatment with nFe3O4) decreased compared to the control when seed germinated and plant growth in presence of both NPs for 7 days. Totally, these observations can be attributed to induce oxidative stress by NPs as a subsequence of their uptake by the plant. The increment in production of the phytochemicals through nano-metals treatment (nano-elicitation), opens an opportunity for induction of beneficial phytochemical content.
{"title":"Nano-Metal oxides induced sulforaphane production and peroxidase activity in seedlings of Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae)","authors":"A. Riahi-Madvar, M. Aminizadeh, Mehdi Mohammadi","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59010","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of different concentrations [0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mgL-1] of Fe3O4 and CuO nano-particles (nFe3O4 and nCuO) were investigated on sulforaphane (SFN) production level in 7-day-old seedlings of Lepidium draba at different time intervals (8 and 16 hrs). According to the results, the influence of the particles on SFN contentdepends on nano-particle (NP) concentrations, time of treatment as well as chemical nature of NPs. The SFN content was significantly increased in treated seedlings with 5 mgL-1nCuO and all nFe3O4 concentrations as well as nFe3O4-treated callus after 8 hrs. However, by the increasing treatment time to 16 hrs, no significant changes on the SFN content were seen compared to the control. Furthermore, activity of peroxidase was also significantly promoted in treatment with both NPs (especially at higher concentrations) after 8 hrs and drastically decreased after 16 hrs. On the other hand, seed germination as well as the root and shoot length (except root length in treatment with nFe3O4) decreased compared to the control when seed germinated and plant growth in presence of both NPs for 7 days. Totally, these observations can be attributed to induce oxidative stress by NPs as a subsequence of their uptake by the plant. The increment in production of the phytochemicals through nano-metals treatment (nano-elicitation), opens an opportunity for induction of beneficial phytochemical content.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"24 3 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83159705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this study were to clarify whether the wild yeast isolated from fruits and humus is suitable forbread making. Using colony PCR, assimilation of carbohydrate and 18S rRNA sequencing, seven strains fromamong 70 samples were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ethanol and CO2 production by the 10-2 wild yeast strain were highest among the strains. The pH and utilized glucose of all strains were pH 3.00-3.60 and 99.99%, respectively. The total acid content of the 9-3 culture was the highest (82.7 mg/100 ml) among the seven strains. The acetic acid contents of 9-3 and 10-2 cultures were 56.8 mg/100 ml and 56.3 mg/100 ml, respectively. Our finding showed that the 9-3 and 10-2 strain isolated from fruits have abilities of fermentation suitable for bread making.
{"title":"Characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from fruits and humus: Their suitability for bread making","authors":"N. Komatsuzaki","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2016.59008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2016.59008","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to clarify whether the wild yeast isolated from fruits and humus is suitable forbread making. Using colony PCR, assimilation of carbohydrate and 18S rRNA sequencing, seven strains fromamong 70 samples were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ethanol and CO2 production by the 10-2 wild yeast strain were highest among the strains. The pH and utilized glucose of all strains were pH 3.00-3.60 and 99.99%, respectively. The total acid content of the 9-3 culture was the highest (82.7 mg/100 ml) among the seven strains. The acetic acid contents of 9-3 and 10-2 cultures were 56.8 mg/100 ml and 56.3 mg/100 ml, respectively. Our finding showed that the 9-3 and 10-2 strain isolated from fruits have abilities of fermentation suitable for bread making.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77584337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saffron is the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., a member of the Iridaceae family which ispropagated by means of corms. Corms are faced with many stresses in soil. Therefore, it isimportant to reduce these stresses and improve the quantity of saffron production. Biotic andabiotic stresses disrupt the metabolic balance of cells; thereby, resulting in accumulation ofreactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative damage. In this study, the effect of soilelectrical conductivity (EC) on biochemical indicators of corms, the percentages of callusformation and stigma-like structures (SLSs) on calli were investigated. In order to obtain calliand SLSs, immature style explants from floral buds of corms were collected from three regions(Shahroud, Mardabad and Torbat Heydarieh) and used for tissue culture. Style explants wereseparated first from the immature floral buds, then sterilized and used for tissue culture.Biochemical analysis of calli with SLSs including malondialdehyde (MDA) and prolinecontents, antioxidant enzymes activities and polysaccharides and reducing sugars contents wereinvestigated and compared. Moreover, sodium and potassium ions content and EC of soils ofthe three regions were investigated. The results indicated that corms from Shahroud with thehighest level of EC soil showed more imposed stress than that from Torbat Heidariye andMardabad but the calli percentage and number of SLSs of Mardabad’s were higher than those ofthe other two respectively. In this study, a close relationship between soil EC and in vitroproduction of saffron with a short glance on epigenetic modification was postulated.
{"title":"Effects of soil conductivity on properties of saffron corms and in vitro production of its style explants","authors":"S. Mashayekhi, M. H. Namin","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.56044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.56044","url":null,"abstract":"Saffron is the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., a member of the Iridaceae family which ispropagated by means of corms. Corms are faced with many stresses in soil. Therefore, it isimportant to reduce these stresses and improve the quantity of saffron production. Biotic andabiotic stresses disrupt the metabolic balance of cells; thereby, resulting in accumulation ofreactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative damage. In this study, the effect of soilelectrical conductivity (EC) on biochemical indicators of corms, the percentages of callusformation and stigma-like structures (SLSs) on calli were investigated. In order to obtain calliand SLSs, immature style explants from floral buds of corms were collected from three regions(Shahroud, Mardabad and Torbat Heydarieh) and used for tissue culture. Style explants wereseparated first from the immature floral buds, then sterilized and used for tissue culture.Biochemical analysis of calli with SLSs including malondialdehyde (MDA) and prolinecontents, antioxidant enzymes activities and polysaccharides and reducing sugars contents wereinvestigated and compared. Moreover, sodium and potassium ions content and EC of soils ofthe three regions were investigated. The results indicated that corms from Shahroud with thehighest level of EC soil showed more imposed stress than that from Torbat Heidariye andMardabad but the calli percentage and number of SLSs of Mardabad’s were higher than those ofthe other two respectively. In this study, a close relationship between soil EC and in vitroproduction of saffron with a short glance on epigenetic modification was postulated.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"273-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75976837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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