M. Birgani, Vahid Erfani-Moghadam, E. Babaei, F. Najafi, M. Zamani, Molood Shariati, Shima Nazem, Baharak Farhangi, P. Motahari, M. Sadeghizadeh
Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from the plant curcuma longa with establishedanticancer properties. However, curcumin benefits have been impaired by its very low watersolubility, low absorption, rapid metabolism and clearance from the body. Recently,nanotechnology promises to be helpful in development of drugs delivery systems by recentadvances in macromolecular design of nanocarriers. In this review, we present the novelgeneration of nano-vehicles termed dendrosomes which are readily synthesized fromesterification of oleic acid and polyethylene glycol residues. Dendrosomes efficientlyencapsulate curcumin in a spherical micellar or polymersome structures which leads to increaseaqueous solubility of this hydrophobic agent and higher bioavailability of curcumin. Anticancerpotency of this nanoformulation was confirmed in different mouse and human cancercells including fibrosarcoma, colon, glioblastoma, bladder, gastric, breast and hepatocellularcarcinoma in vitro and vivo. It has also demonstrated that this nano preparation has nocytotoxicity effects on normal cells. Finally, these results introduce dendrosomal curcumin aspotent anti-tumor agent although further clinical examinations are needed.
{"title":"Dendrosomal nano-curcumin; The novel formulation to improve the anticancer properties of curcumin","authors":"M. Birgani, Vahid Erfani-Moghadam, E. Babaei, F. Najafi, M. Zamani, Molood Shariati, Shima Nazem, Baharak Farhangi, P. Motahari, M. Sadeghizadeh","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.55525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.55525","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from the plant curcuma longa with establishedanticancer properties. However, curcumin benefits have been impaired by its very low watersolubility, low absorption, rapid metabolism and clearance from the body. Recently,nanotechnology promises to be helpful in development of drugs delivery systems by recentadvances in macromolecular design of nanocarriers. In this review, we present the novelgeneration of nano-vehicles termed dendrosomes which are readily synthesized fromesterification of oleic acid and polyethylene glycol residues. Dendrosomes efficientlyencapsulate curcumin in a spherical micellar or polymersome structures which leads to increaseaqueous solubility of this hydrophobic agent and higher bioavailability of curcumin. Anticancerpotency of this nanoformulation was confirmed in different mouse and human cancercells including fibrosarcoma, colon, glioblastoma, bladder, gastric, breast and hepatocellularcarcinoma in vitro and vivo. It has also demonstrated that this nano preparation has nocytotoxicity effects on normal cells. Finally, these results introduce dendrosomal curcumin aspotent anti-tumor agent although further clinical examinations are needed.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"143-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88977212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Screening of microorganisms for the production of novel antibiotics has been intensivelypursued for many years by scientists. Actinomycetes have the capability to synthesize manydifferent antibiotics. A total of 69 actinomycete isolates were recovered from soil samplescollected from Alborz Province. Selected colonies (rough, chalky) of actinomycetes werepurified. All screened isolates were identified morphologically and physiologically. And all ofthem belong to the Streptomyces genus. These were then assessed for their antibacterial activityagainst pathogenic bacteria. Four pathogenic test strains were used in this study includingStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATTC 6633, Klebsiella pneumoniaeATTC 10031, and Escherichia coli ATCC 29998. Determination of antibacterial activities ofisolated actinomycetes performed by using modified spektra-plak method and Mueller Hintonagar (Oxoid) plates. Antagonism was detected by formation of inhibition zone. Results of thestudy indicated that 12 isolates were active against S. aureus, 15 isolates against B. subtilis, sixisolate against K. pneumonia, and four isolate were active against E. coli.
{"title":"ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM SOILS OF ALBORZ PROVINCE, IRAN","authors":"E. Salehghamari, M. Soleimani, Vida Tafacori","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.55526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.55526","url":null,"abstract":"Screening of microorganisms for the production of novel antibiotics has been intensivelypursued for many years by scientists. Actinomycetes have the capability to synthesize manydifferent antibiotics. A total of 69 actinomycete isolates were recovered from soil samplescollected from Alborz Province. Selected colonies (rough, chalky) of actinomycetes werepurified. All screened isolates were identified morphologically and physiologically. And all ofthem belong to the Streptomyces genus. These were then assessed for their antibacterial activityagainst pathogenic bacteria. Four pathogenic test strains were used in this study includingStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATTC 6633, Klebsiella pneumoniaeATTC 10031, and Escherichia coli ATCC 29998. Determination of antibacterial activities ofisolated actinomycetes performed by using modified spektra-plak method and Mueller Hintonagar (Oxoid) plates. Antagonism was detected by formation of inhibition zone. Results of thestudy indicated that 12 isolates were active against S. aureus, 15 isolates against B. subtilis, sixisolate against K. pneumonia, and four isolate were active against E. coli.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":"159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81366819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rezan Amjadi, H. Ghourchian, A. Moosavi-Movahedi, Aghdas Banaie
The ingested nitrates sourced from tap water, food, chemicals and pharmaceuticals areconverted to nitrites in the body surfaces by bacteria and then, the nitrite ions can lead thestructural changing in hemoglobin. In the present work, aggregation of the purified hemoglobinin adult (HbA) and in fetus or newborn (HbF) in the presence of nitrite ions were studied.Hemoglobin aggregation was performed chemically in the presence of 10 mg/l nitrite ions andexamined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 360 nm wavelength. The extrinsic fluorimetricmeasurements indicated that repulsive electrostatic interaction between nitrite anions andnegative charged groups of both types of HbA and HbF molecules leads to expose thehydrophobic patch of the protein molecules. Moreover, the α-helix to β-strand transition in bothtypes of hemoglobins shown by circular dichroism support aggregation process among thisprotein. However, at natural pH, the protonated amino group of Gly in HbF tends to bind tonitrite anions more than the unprotonated forms of Val residue in HbA. The drastic slop ofaggregation plot and shorter lag time of HbF relative to HbA demonstrated more aggregation offormer protein.
{"title":"Aggregation of adult and fetal hemoglobin by ingested nitrate anions","authors":"Rezan Amjadi, H. Ghourchian, A. Moosavi-Movahedi, Aghdas Banaie","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.56043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.56043","url":null,"abstract":"The ingested nitrates sourced from tap water, food, chemicals and pharmaceuticals areconverted to nitrites in the body surfaces by bacteria and then, the nitrite ions can lead thestructural changing in hemoglobin. In the present work, aggregation of the purified hemoglobinin adult (HbA) and in fetus or newborn (HbF) in the presence of nitrite ions were studied.Hemoglobin aggregation was performed chemically in the presence of 10 mg/l nitrite ions andexamined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 360 nm wavelength. The extrinsic fluorimetricmeasurements indicated that repulsive electrostatic interaction between nitrite anions andnegative charged groups of both types of HbA and HbF molecules leads to expose thehydrophobic patch of the protein molecules. Moreover, the α-helix to β-strand transition in bothtypes of hemoglobins shown by circular dichroism support aggregation process among thisprotein. However, at natural pH, the protonated amino group of Gly in HbF tends to bind tonitrite anions more than the unprotonated forms of Val residue in HbA. The drastic slop ofaggregation plot and shorter lag time of HbF relative to HbA demonstrated more aggregation offormer protein.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"261-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91232749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of salinity and drought on growth, contents of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), proteinand activity of antioxidative enzymes were studied in two Trigonella species. Seeds andexplants of T. foenum-graecum and T. aphanoneura were grown on Murashige and Skoogmedium (MS) complemented with iso-osmotic concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 150 mM) andmannitol (0, 180, 275 mM). Growth and relative water content (RWC) of seedlings and callidecreased by increasing of salinity and drought in both species. In contrast to that of calli,proline and protein contents increased in seedlings of both species under both stresses. Theincrease of proline content in seedlings of T. aphanoneura was higher than that of T. foenumgraecumunder NaCl stress. MDA content in seedlings of T. aphanoneura was higher than thatof T. foenum-graecum and increased in both species under salinity. Among antioxidativeenzymes, catalase (CAT) activity increased continuously in seedlings of T. aphanoneuracomparing to that of T. foenum-graecum. Similar increasing trends were obtained regardingCAT activities in calli of both species under both stresses. Increase in activities of SOD, CATand POX was observed in calli of both species under stress. It seems that undifferentiated callirespond more regularly to both stresses. Finally, higher proline content and lower amount ofMDA could be considered as criteria for higher tolerance of T. foenum-graecum seedlingsagainst osmotic stresses.
{"title":"Comparative responses of two Trigonella species to salinity and drought stresses in vitro","authors":"A. Kyani, V. Niknam","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.56041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.56041","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of salinity and drought on growth, contents of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), proteinand activity of antioxidative enzymes were studied in two Trigonella species. Seeds andexplants of T. foenum-graecum and T. aphanoneura were grown on Murashige and Skoogmedium (MS) complemented with iso-osmotic concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 150 mM) andmannitol (0, 180, 275 mM). Growth and relative water content (RWC) of seedlings and callidecreased by increasing of salinity and drought in both species. In contrast to that of calli,proline and protein contents increased in seedlings of both species under both stresses. Theincrease of proline content in seedlings of T. aphanoneura was higher than that of T. foenumgraecumunder NaCl stress. MDA content in seedlings of T. aphanoneura was higher than thatof T. foenum-graecum and increased in both species under salinity. Among antioxidativeenzymes, catalase (CAT) activity increased continuously in seedlings of T. aphanoneuracomparing to that of T. foenum-graecum. Similar increasing trends were obtained regardingCAT activities in calli of both species under both stresses. Increase in activities of SOD, CATand POX was observed in calli of both species under stress. It seems that undifferentiated callirespond more regularly to both stresses. Finally, higher proline content and lower amount ofMDA could be considered as criteria for higher tolerance of T. foenum-graecum seedlingsagainst osmotic stresses.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"233-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81620142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mohammadian, M. Rabbani, A. Hafizi, H. Sadeghi, Amin Davary, F. Moazen, Z. S. Shariat, Z. Etemadifar
The aim of this study was to optimize protease production using a novel Bacillus sp. ZR-5 strainisolated from the soil, and evaluate its application in detergent industry. The proteolytic activityof the strain was demonstrated using gelatin hydrolysis screening test. Protease productionoptimization was carried out using a two-step approach: a conventional method in order toidentify the best carbon and nitrogen sources followed by the application of response surfacemethodology (RSM) to optimize the factors, which include temperature, pH and incubationtime. Glucose or fructose (5 g/L), wheat bran (5 g/L), temperatures of 25 and 55°C, pH 10.0 andan approximate incubation time of 44 h, were determined as the optimal conditions according tooptimization processes. Validation tests were carried out under these conditions and the resultswere in good agreement with RSM predicted data. The in-gel activity (zymogram) test showedtwo hydrolytic zones with 66.2 and 36.5 kDa molecular weight on the casein containingpolyacrylamide gel. The high compatibility in the presence of detergent powder and washingperformance test suggested that the crude enzyme could be an appropriate choice as a detergentadditive in detergent industries.
{"title":"Optimization of alkaline protease production from a locally isolated Bacillus sp. ZR-5: Potential application as a detergent additive","authors":"H. Mohammadian, M. Rabbani, A. Hafizi, H. Sadeghi, Amin Davary, F. Moazen, Z. S. Shariat, Z. Etemadifar","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.56045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.56045","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to optimize protease production using a novel Bacillus sp. ZR-5 strainisolated from the soil, and evaluate its application in detergent industry. The proteolytic activityof the strain was demonstrated using gelatin hydrolysis screening test. Protease productionoptimization was carried out using a two-step approach: a conventional method in order toidentify the best carbon and nitrogen sources followed by the application of response surfacemethodology (RSM) to optimize the factors, which include temperature, pH and incubationtime. Glucose or fructose (5 g/L), wheat bran (5 g/L), temperatures of 25 and 55°C, pH 10.0 andan approximate incubation time of 44 h, were determined as the optimal conditions according tooptimization processes. Validation tests were carried out under these conditions and the resultswere in good agreement with RSM predicted data. The in-gel activity (zymogram) test showedtwo hydrolytic zones with 66.2 and 36.5 kDa molecular weight on the casein containingpolyacrylamide gel. The high compatibility in the presence of detergent powder and washingperformance test suggested that the crude enzyme could be an appropriate choice as a detergentadditive in detergent industries.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"287-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79085433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ghasemzadeh, Hamidreza Mohajereani, S. Nasri, A. Rostami
The purpose of this study was to examine the acute and sub-acute effects of diazinon onhistopathological parameters of liver tissue and blood level of hepatic enzymes of male commonfrog (Rana ridibunda). Frogs were assigned to 9 groups (n=8, meaning 8 frogs in each group):control and treatment groups with 30, 60, 90 and 120 μg/L diazinon in water for one day or oneweek. Hepatic enzymes containing alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured using biochemical kit. All ALP valueswere significantly different between the control group and one-day and one-week diazinonexposed groups. Hepatocyte changes were observed only for diazinon concentrations greaterthan 60 μl after one week. The most important characteristics of the affected cells werehyperplasia and chromatin formation. Results show that sub-lethal concentrations of diazinonhave an increasing effect on the blood level of hepatic enzymes, which probably indicated thedetoxification response of liver on the basis of diazinon sub-lethal effect model.
{"title":"The effect of diazinon exposure on hepatic tissue and enzymes in male frog Rana sridibunda","authors":"L. Ghasemzadeh, Hamidreza Mohajereani, S. Nasri, A. Rostami","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.56040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.56040","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the acute and sub-acute effects of diazinon onhistopathological parameters of liver tissue and blood level of hepatic enzymes of male commonfrog (Rana ridibunda). Frogs were assigned to 9 groups (n=8, meaning 8 frogs in each group):control and treatment groups with 30, 60, 90 and 120 μg/L diazinon in water for one day or oneweek. Hepatic enzymes containing alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured using biochemical kit. All ALP valueswere significantly different between the control group and one-day and one-week diazinonexposed groups. Hepatocyte changes were observed only for diazinon concentrations greaterthan 60 μl after one week. The most important characteristics of the affected cells werehyperplasia and chromatin formation. Results show that sub-lethal concentrations of diazinonhave an increasing effect on the blood level of hepatic enzymes, which probably indicated thedetoxification response of liver on the basis of diazinon sub-lethal effect model.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"232 1","pages":"223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83698140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mona Goharimanesh, F. Ghassemzadeh, M. Goharimanesh
The mouths of some bony and cartilaginous fishes are located in the anterior part of theirbodies, with a slight variation in sharks, which have theirs located in the abdominal part. Thisvariation is evolutionary over time. The force exerted by the jaws of sharks in order todismember their prey can be examined from two origins: .The determined force exerted by teethand muscles and the force as a result of torque arm through jaw distance. Although sharks applyless force compared to crocodile, their sharp teeth and mouth position provides much strongereffect. Moreover, several species are characterized with heavier upper jaw and this enhances thepower. A mouth located in the anterior part of the body would have less force exerted. On thecontrary, human jaw is shorter, which applies much more force. This paper relates the prebranchiallength and power with preying strength. According to this survey, a couple ofpredators were considered in terms of their mouth position, as well as different kind of feedingand ecological characteristics. Morphological data on several sharks were extracted andevaluated by MATLAB software to prove the following deductive hypothesis. The more thesupport distance (prebranchial length) to concentrated force was, the stronger the shark preyedon animals. The amount of torque had significant relationship with the lever distance andconcentrated force. Besides, several formulas have been recommended to estimate the bite forceand torque based on morphological characteristics.
{"title":"Influential feeding dynamics of sharks and mathematical formulas to estimate the power of biting by morphological data","authors":"Mona Goharimanesh, F. Ghassemzadeh, M. Goharimanesh","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.56015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.56015","url":null,"abstract":"The mouths of some bony and cartilaginous fishes are located in the anterior part of theirbodies, with a slight variation in sharks, which have theirs located in the abdominal part. Thisvariation is evolutionary over time. The force exerted by the jaws of sharks in order todismember their prey can be examined from two origins: .The determined force exerted by teethand muscles and the force as a result of torque arm through jaw distance. Although sharks applyless force compared to crocodile, their sharp teeth and mouth position provides much strongereffect. Moreover, several species are characterized with heavier upper jaw and this enhances thepower. A mouth located in the anterior part of the body would have less force exerted. On thecontrary, human jaw is shorter, which applies much more force. This paper relates the prebranchiallength and power with preying strength. According to this survey, a couple ofpredators were considered in terms of their mouth position, as well as different kind of feedingand ecological characteristics. Morphological data on several sharks were extracted andevaluated by MATLAB software to prove the following deductive hypothesis. The more thesupport distance (prebranchial length) to concentrated force was, the stronger the shark preyedon animals. The amount of torque had significant relationship with the lever distance andconcentrated force. Besides, several formulas have been recommended to estimate the bite forceand torque based on morphological characteristics.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78123503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study reports the chromosome number and meiotic behaviour of 14 populationsbelonging to four taxa of Anchusa subgenus Buglossum Gusul. from Iran. All populationsshowed the chromosome number 2n= 4x= 32. It is the first meiotic study for A. subg.Buglossum. We discuss some habit form and evolutionary aspect in the light of cytogeneticdata. The origin of polyploidy (auto-allopolyploidy) were also surveyed. As the result of thepresent study and reviewing the chromosome numbers in Anchusa subg. Buglossum and A.subg. Buglossoides Gusul. in Iran, it can be concluded that polyploidy is the major forcemodeling the chromosome evolution within these subgenera. Almost all the studied taxadisplayed regular bivalent pairing and chromosome segregation at meiosis. However, somemeiotic abnormalities observed in different taxa are discussed here.
{"title":"Diversity of chromosome numbers and meiotic studies in genus Anchusa (Boraginaceae) from Iran (10 Nov 2015)","authors":"M. Almasi, M. Ranjbar","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.56042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.56042","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reports the chromosome number and meiotic behaviour of 14 populationsbelonging to four taxa of Anchusa subgenus Buglossum Gusul. from Iran. All populationsshowed the chromosome number 2n= 4x= 32. It is the first meiotic study for A. subg.Buglossum. We discuss some habit form and evolutionary aspect in the light of cytogeneticdata. The origin of polyploidy (auto-allopolyploidy) were also surveyed. As the result of thepresent study and reviewing the chromosome numbers in Anchusa subg. Buglossum and A.subg. Buglossoides Gusul. in Iran, it can be concluded that polyploidy is the major forcemodeling the chromosome evolution within these subgenera. Almost all the studied taxadisplayed regular bivalent pairing and chromosome segregation at meiosis. However, somemeiotic abnormalities observed in different taxa are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"249-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86520303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss. (Liliaceae) is a critically endangered lily species native tonorthern Iran, where it is protected by law. In order to develop a cost effective method for largescalepropagation, the effects of three culture systems (solid, liquid and temporary immersion)and two types of cytokinins [6-Benzyladenine (BA) and Thidiazuron (TDZ)] were studied onthe in vitro plant regeneration of L. ledebourii. To establish the protocol, we used in vitroregenerated bulblets obtained from bulb scale segments that were cultured on solid Murashigeand Skoog (MS) media as starting material. The bulblet microscale transverse thin cell layerswere cultured on MS solid medium containing 3% sucrose and different combinations of plantgrowth regulators. Choice of both, the culture system and the type of cytokinin, affected thedifferentiation of explants. Two types of calli formed on explants: type I callus wasembryogenic, while type II callus was shoot organogenesis. The highest percentage (94%) ofembryogenic callus was obtained when calli were transferred on MS solid media supplementedwith 0.54 μM α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.44 μM BA. In addition, it was alsoobserved that the use of temporary immersion bioreactor resulted in a significantly loweramount of shoot organogenesis rather than solid culture systems. Seventy percent of theplantlets were successfully acclimatized to ex–vitro conditions and were phenotypically similarto the mother plants.
{"title":"Effects of liquid, temporary immersion bioreactor and solid culture systems on micropropagation of Lilium ledebourii via bulblet microscales— An endangered valuable plant with ornamental potential","authors":"M. Mirmasoumi, Mehdi Bakhshaie","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.55527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.55527","url":null,"abstract":"Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss. (Liliaceae) is a critically endangered lily species native tonorthern Iran, where it is protected by law. In order to develop a cost effective method for largescalepropagation, the effects of three culture systems (solid, liquid and temporary immersion)and two types of cytokinins [6-Benzyladenine (BA) and Thidiazuron (TDZ)] were studied onthe in vitro plant regeneration of L. ledebourii. To establish the protocol, we used in vitroregenerated bulblets obtained from bulb scale segments that were cultured on solid Murashigeand Skoog (MS) media as starting material. The bulblet microscale transverse thin cell layerswere cultured on MS solid medium containing 3% sucrose and different combinations of plantgrowth regulators. Choice of both, the culture system and the type of cytokinin, affected thedifferentiation of explants. Two types of calli formed on explants: type I callus wasembryogenic, while type II callus was shoot organogenesis. The highest percentage (94%) ofembryogenic callus was obtained when calli were transferred on MS solid media supplementedwith 0.54 μM α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.44 μM BA. In addition, it was alsoobserved that the use of temporary immersion bioreactor resulted in a significantly loweramount of shoot organogenesis rather than solid culture systems. Seventy percent of theplantlets were successfully acclimatized to ex–vitro conditions and were phenotypically similarto the mother plants.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"131 1","pages":"169-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77207798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of microorganisms. Inthis process, the use of native bacteria leads to achieve more yields of metals. So, in the presentstudy, native sulfur-oxidizing bacterium in potentiality of uranium extraction was isolated fromGhachin mine in Iran and identified by partial gene sequencing. For this purpose, the watersamples were collected from Ghachin mine and cultivated in Starkey medium. In following, theisolate was inoculated into individual Starkey plates and incubated until the colonies indicatingthe purified bacterium appeared. Then, the identification was carried out based on phenotypiccharacteristics and 16s rDNA sequencing. After that, bioleaching of uranium experimentscarried out using uranium ore at 2.5 and 5% pulp densities. The result showed that after 15 daysof incubation, the bacteria in the fresh samples was grown. Following 5-7 days of the plate'sincubation, we obtained the single purified colonies of the bacteria. On the basis of 16s rDNAnucleotide sequencing, the bacteria showed 99.71% similarity to A. thiooxidans ATCC 19377.Besides, the bioleaching experiments indicated that the bacterium is capable of uraniumextraction in 2.5 and 5% pulp densities during 3 and 5 days. In conclusion, in this study, for thefirst time, we isolated the native sulfur-oxidizing bacterium capable of uranium extraction, fromuranium mine of Gachin in Bandar Abbas, Iran.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of native sulfuroxidizing bacterium capable of uranium extraction","authors":"F. Fatemi, A. Rashidi, Samaneh Jahani","doi":"10.22059/PBS.2015.56039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/PBS.2015.56039","url":null,"abstract":"Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from their ores through the use of microorganisms. Inthis process, the use of native bacteria leads to achieve more yields of metals. So, in the presentstudy, native sulfur-oxidizing bacterium in potentiality of uranium extraction was isolated fromGhachin mine in Iran and identified by partial gene sequencing. For this purpose, the watersamples were collected from Ghachin mine and cultivated in Starkey medium. In following, theisolate was inoculated into individual Starkey plates and incubated until the colonies indicatingthe purified bacterium appeared. Then, the identification was carried out based on phenotypiccharacteristics and 16s rDNA sequencing. After that, bioleaching of uranium experimentscarried out using uranium ore at 2.5 and 5% pulp densities. The result showed that after 15 daysof incubation, the bacteria in the fresh samples was grown. Following 5-7 days of the plate'sincubation, we obtained the single purified colonies of the bacteria. On the basis of 16s rDNAnucleotide sequencing, the bacteria showed 99.71% similarity to A. thiooxidans ATCC 19377.Besides, the bioleaching experiments indicated that the bacterium is capable of uraniumextraction in 2.5 and 5% pulp densities during 3 and 5 days. In conclusion, in this study, for thefirst time, we isolated the native sulfur-oxidizing bacterium capable of uranium extraction, fromuranium mine of Gachin in Bandar Abbas, Iran.","PeriodicalId":20726,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Biological Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"207-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74192061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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