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Plant intelligence dux: a comprehensive rebuttal of Kingsland and Taiz. 植物智能寓言:对金斯兰德和泰兹的全面反驳。
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-02005-1
Anthony Trewavas

Intelligence is a fundamental property for all life enabling an increased probability of survival and reproduction under wild circumstances. Kingsland and Taiz (2024) think that plants are not intelligent but seem unaware of the extensive literature about intelligence, memory, learning and chromatin topology in plants. Their views are consequently rejected. Their claim of fake quotations is shown to result from faulty reasoning and lack of understanding of practical biology. Their use of social media as scholarly evidence is unacceptable. Darwin's views on intelligence are described, and their pertinence to the adaptive responses of plants is discussed. Justifications for comments I have made concerning McClintock and her "thoughtful" cell, von Sachs writings as indicating purpose (teleonomy) to plant behaviour, Went and Thimann's allusions to plant intelligence and Bose legacy as the father of plant electrophysiology are described. These scientists were usually first in their field of knowledge, and their understanding was consequently deeper. The article finishes with a brief critical analysis of the 36 scientists who were used to condemn plant neurobiology as of no use. It is concluded that participants signed up to a false prospectus because contrary evidence was omitted.

智慧是所有生命的基本属性,它使生命在野生环境下生存和繁衍的概率得以提高。Kingsland 和 Taiz(2024 年)认为植物没有智慧,但他们似乎没有意识到有关植物智慧、记忆、学习和染色质拓扑的大量文献。因此,他们的观点遭到了反对。他们关于假引文的说法被证明是错误推理和缺乏对实用生物学的理解造成的。他们利用社交媒体作为学术证据的做法是不可接受的。阐述了达尔文关于智力的观点,并讨论了这些观点与植物适应性反应的相关性。此外,还介绍了我对麦克林托克及其 "深思熟虑 "的细胞、冯-萨克斯(von Sachs)著作中关于植物行为目的性(目的论)的论述、温特(Went)和蒂曼(Thimann)关于植物智能的典故以及博斯(Bose)作为植物电生理学之父的遗产所做评论的理由。这些科学家通常是各自知识领域的先行者,因此他们的理解也更为深刻。文章最后对 36 位科学家进行了简要的批判性分析,这些科学家被用来谴责植物神经生物学毫无用处。文章的结论是,由于忽略了相反的证据,参与者签署了一份虚假的说明书。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the phytochemical profile, biological potentials, morphological, and anatomical characteristics of Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. 研究土耳其 Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden.(Lamiaceae) from Turkey.
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01992-5
Bilge Aydın, Satuk Buğra Alkuyruk, Enes Tekman, Hafize Yuca, Mehmet Karadayı, Yusuf Gülşahin, Ömer Çeçen, Gülnur Ekşi Bona, Betül Demirci, Mehmet Bona, Songül Karakaya

Cyclotrichium origanifolium, a plant widely used in Eastern and Southern Anatolia for culinary purposes, was subject of this study, which aimed to comprehensively evaluate its potential therapeutic applications. This research stands out due to its holistic approach, combining morpho-anatomical studies, chemical, and biological analyses to explore antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, genotoxic, and anti-genotoxic effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts, as well as flowering aerial part essential oil. It is a perennial plant, typically ranging from 10 to 40 cm in height, with a suffrutescent and highly branched growth habit. Essential oils are produced within glandular trichomes. Oil, analyzed via GC-MS/MS, revealed 24 compounds accounting for 96.4% of oil, with isomenthone (52.4%), pulegone (23.4%), and β-pinene (9.5%) as predominant components. These findings are significant as they provide new insights into chemical composition of oils, particularly highlighting pharmacologically active compounds. Methanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity, correlated with high phenol and tannin content. Essential oil showed moderate inhibition of α-amylase (49.54%) and mild inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (11.84%) and butyrylcholinesterase (16.93%), suggesting potential in managing oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Study also conducted biosafety evaluations using Ames/Salmonella and Allium tests, essential for assessing genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of natural products. Notably, significant antimicrobial effects were identified, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. Comprehensive analysis and discovery of significant bioactivities position this research as a valuable contribution to field, distinguishing it from previous studies on similar species. This study provides a foundational understanding of morpho-anatomical, pharmacological, biological properties of plant, opening avenues for future research.

Cyclotrichium origanifolium 是安纳托利亚东部和南部地区广泛用于烹饪的一种植物,本研究旨在全面评估其潜在的治疗用途。这项研究采用综合方法,结合形态解剖学研究、化学和生物学分析,探讨甲醇提取物、水提取物以及花茎部分精油的抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗胆碱酯酶、基因毒性和抗遗传毒性作用。它是一种多年生植物,通常高 10 至 40 厘米,具有半灌木状和高度分枝的生长习性。精油产生于腺毛内。通过 GC-MS/MS 对精油进行分析,发现 24 种化合物占精油的 96.4%,其中异门酮(52.4%)、pulegone(23.4%)和 β-蒎烯(9.5%)是主要成分。这些发现意义重大,因为它们为了解油的化学成分,尤其是药理活性化合物提供了新的视角。甲醇提取物表现出卓越的抗氧化活性,这与酚和单宁的高含量有关。精油对α-淀粉酶(49.54%)有中度抑制作用,对乙酰胆碱酯酶(11.84%)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(16.93%)有轻度抑制作用,这表明精油具有控制氧化应激和神经退行性疾病的潜力。研究还利用艾姆斯/沙门氏菌和薤白试验进行了生物安全性评估,这对评估天然产品的基因毒性和抗原毒性潜力至关重要。值得注意的是,研究还发现了明显的抗菌效果,尤其是对铜绿假单胞菌和粪肠球菌的抗菌效果。全面的分析和重要生物活性的发现,使这项研究有别于以往对类似物种的研究,是对该领域的宝贵贡献。这项研究为了解植物的形态解剖学、药理学和生物学特性提供了基础,为今后的研究开辟了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Glucotoxicity suppresses function of pancreatic beta and duct cells via miR-335-targeted Runx2 and insulin-mediated mechanism. 葡萄糖毒性通过 miR-335 靶向 Runx2 和胰岛素介导的机制抑制胰腺β细胞和导管细胞的功能。
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01997-0
Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu, Serap Sancar, Ayse Karatug-Kacar, Sehnaz Bolkent

Pancreatic cell dynamics have important contributions to the development of type 2 diabetes and related diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged excessive glucose exposure on the functions of pancreatic beta cells and duct cells in single and co-culture conditions. In this study, we focused on the effects of glucotoxicity on insulin secretion which is the main function of beta cells and on progenitor functions of duct cells. Rat primary INS1 beta cells and ARIP duct cells were exposed to glucose (25 mM) for 72 h under single or indirect co-culture conditions. Glucotoxicity stimuli increased insulin secretion and decreased insulin expression in single beta cells while stimulating beta-cell differentiation and adipogenesis in single duct cells. On the other hand, glucotoxicity caused functional loss and increased proliferation and apoptosis in beta cells while increasing proliferation but suppressed beta-cell differentiation and adipogenesis in duct cells under co-culture conditions. The expression level of miR-335, a microRNA known to be upregulated by leptin and target Runx2, was measured. As a result, unlike single-cell culture, glucotoxicity upregulated miR-335, downregulated Runx2, and decreased insulin signaling in beta cells while downregulating miR-335 and upregulating Runx2, and decreased insulin signaling in duct cells under co-culture conditions. When the results of single and co-culture experiments are compared, insulin and miR-335 may be seen as important mediators for setting up the relation between beta and duct cells. Our findings are important for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease, even developing new diagnosis and treatment strategies.

胰腺细胞的动态变化对 2 型糖尿病和相关疾病(如非酒精性脂肪性胰腺疾病)的发展有重要影响。本研究旨在探讨在单培养和共培养条件下,长期暴露于过量葡萄糖对胰腺β细胞和导管细胞功能的影响。在这项研究中,我们重点研究了葡萄糖毒性对胰岛素分泌(β细胞的主要功能)和导管细胞祖细胞功能的影响。在单一或间接共培养条件下,将大鼠原代 INS1 β细胞和 ARIP 导管细胞暴露于葡萄糖(25 mM)72 小时。葡萄糖毒性刺激增加了单个β细胞的胰岛素分泌并降低了胰岛素表达,同时刺激了单个导管细胞的β细胞分化和脂肪生成。另一方面,在共培养条件下,葡萄糖毒性会导致β细胞功能丧失,增殖和凋亡增加,而导管细胞增殖增加,但抑制了β细胞分化和脂肪生成。研究人员测量了 miR-335 的表达水平,这是一种已知会被瘦素上调并以 Runx2 为靶标的 microRNA。结果发现,与单细胞培养不同,在共培养条件下,葡萄糖毒性上调了β细胞中的miR-335,下调了Runx2,降低了胰岛素信号传导,而下调了miR-335,上调了Runx2,降低了导管细胞中的胰岛素信号传导。比较单培养和共培养实验的结果,胰岛素和 miR-335 可被视为建立β细胞和导管细胞之间关系的重要介质。我们的发现对预防2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪性胰腺疾病的发展,甚至开发新的诊断和治疗策略都有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Reply to Calvo, Raja, and Segundo-Ortin, "Don't jump the gun quite yet: aiming for the true target in plant neurobiology research". 回复 Calvo、Raja 和 Segundo-Ortin 的文章:"先别急着开枪:瞄准植物神经生物学研究的真正目标"。
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-02007-z
Sharon E Kingsland, Lincoln Taiz

We reply to the response by P Calvo, V Raja, and M Segundo-Ortin to our article titled "Plant 'intelligence' and the misuse of historical sources as evidence." Their response draws on the authority of psychologist Edward C. Tolman in support of their suggestion that the study of plant intelligence requires an interdisciplinary approach, including cognitive science and other disciplines. We argue that there is no justification for using Tolman as an authority in support of the study of plant intelligence. For Tolman, psychology was confined to the study of organisms with brains, and therefore his comment, when taken in context, has no bearing on the subject of plant intelligence. Calvo et al.'s use of this quotation is a further example of the misuse of a historical authority to support their claim that disciplines such as cognitive science can be applied to the study of those plant behaviors that they consider to be "intelligent."

我们就 P Calvo、V Raja 和 M Segundo-Ortin 对我们题为 "植物'智力'和滥用历史资料作为证据 "的文章的回应作出答复。他们在回复中引用了心理学家爱德华-托尔曼(Edward C. Tolman)的权威观点来支持他们的建议,即植物智能的研究需要跨学科的方法,包括认知科学和其他学科。我们认为,将托尔曼作为支持植物智能研究的权威是没有道理的。在托尔曼看来,心理学仅限于研究有大脑的生物,因此他的评论从上下文来看,与植物智能这一主题无关。卡尔沃等人使用这段引文的另一个例子是滥用历史权威来支持他们的主张,即认知科学等学科可以应用于研究他们认为 "聪明 "的植物行为。
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引用次数: 0
Matthew 7:3-a response to Kingsland and Taiz (2024). 马太福音 7:3--对 Kingsland 和 Taiz(2024 年)的回应。
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-02002-4
Peter V Minorsky

I present here a rebuttal to an article in this volume wherein Kingsland and Taiz (2024) cast aspersions about an article I have written concerning Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose (Minorsky PV, in Plant Signal Behav 16:1818030, 2021) a brilliant Bengali scientist who was a pioneer not only in physics (microwaves and semi-conductors), but also in elucidating the electrophysiological responses of plants to environmental stimuli. The charge of racism that I have levelled at Bose's most powerful and well-connected botanical adversary in the 1920s, Daniel T. MacDougal, is irrefutable: MacDougal was a racist, his racism extended to South Asians, and he used racist epithets in referring to Bose. MacDougal offered no cogent arguments against Bose's electrophysiological measurements but attacked Bose with the racist trope that South Asians were "mystics." MacDougal wielded his political and editorial clout to publicize faulty research in opposition to Bose while ignoring a sizable body of contemporaneous evidence in support of Bose's ideas. Unfortunately, given MacDougal's stature as the General Secretary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the racist tenor of the time, many Western scientists were too ready to accept uncritically MacDougal's proclamations that Bose was a fraud, an incompetent, and a "Hindoo" mystic. Bose was one of the greatest minds to ever contemplate plant function. It is high time that we, in the West, redress this historical wrong, and acknowledge Bose's enormous and revolutionary contributions to plant physiology.

我在此反驳本卷中的一篇文章,Kingsland 和 Taiz(2024 年)对我撰写的一篇关于贾加迪斯-钱德拉-博斯爵士(Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose,Minorsky PV,发表于《植物信号生物学》16:1818030,2021 年)的文章进行了诽谤,这位杰出的孟加拉科学家不仅是物理学(微波和半导体)领域的先驱,而且还是阐明植物对环境刺激的电生理反应的先驱。我对博斯在 20 世纪 20 年代在植物学方面最有权势、人脉最广的对手丹尼尔-T-麦克杜格尔(Daniel T. MacDougal)提出的种族主义指控是无可辩驳的:麦克杜格尔是一个种族主义者,他的种族主义延伸到了南亚人身上,而且他在提到博斯时使用了种族主义的称谓。麦克杜格尔没有针对博斯的电生理测量提出有力的论据,却用南亚人是 "神秘主义者 "的种族主义论调攻击博斯。麦克杜格尔利用自己的政治和编辑影响力宣传反对博斯的错误研究,却忽视了大量支持博斯观点的同期证据。不幸的是,鉴于麦克杜格尔作为美国科学促进会(AAAS)秘书长的地位和当时的种族主义倾向,许多西方科学家对麦克杜格尔关于博斯是骗子、无能之辈和 "印度教 "神秘主义者的宣扬不加批判地照单全收。博斯是有史以来研究植物功能的最伟大的思想家之一。现在是我们西方人纠正这一历史错误,承认博斯对植物生理学的巨大和革命性贡献的时候了。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding otherness-the anthropocentrism trap.
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02043-3
Peter Nick
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引用次数: 0
Heterologous expression of the durum wheat TdHKT1;4-1 partially complements the mutant athkt1 in Arabidopsis thaliana under severe salt stress. 在拟南芥中异源表达硬粒小麦 TdHKT1;4-1 可部分补充严重盐胁迫下的突变体 athkt1。
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-02006-0
Siwar Ben Amar, Faiçal Brini, Khaled Masmoudi

High-affinity K+ (HKT) transporters which mediate Na+-specific transport or Na+-K+ co-transport play a key role in plant salt tolerance. In our previous functional study in Xenopus oocytes, we demonstrated that the durum wheat TdHKT1;4-1 acts as a Na+-selective transporter. Here, we investigated the function of TdHKT1;4-1 and its contribution in salt stress tolerance in the Arabidopsis athkt1 mutant background. Our results revealed that TdHKT1;4-1 partially complements the salt sensitivity phenotype of the athkt1 transgenic lines. Comparative physiological analyses and oxidative stress status under moderate salt stress (50 mM NaCl) showed that both transgenic lines SH3 and SH5 restored the salt stress tolerance comparable to the level observed in Wt plants. Whereas, under severe salt stress treatment (100 mM NaCl), the athkt1 transgenic lines exhibited an intermediate salt stress tolerance between Wt and athkt1 mutant. Moreover, TdHKT1;4-1 was highly expressed in leaves under moderate and severe salt stress, while in roots, it was largely expressed only under severe salt stress. In addition, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly expressed in SH3 and SH5 lines compared to athkt1 and Wt under moderate stress. Therefore, TdHKT1;4-1 seems to differ from its Arabidopsis homologous counterpart, as it contributes to salt stress tolerance up to a specific threshold, above which the TdHKT1;4-1 expression may lead to higher root Na+ influx, hence increasing its toxicity during salt stress.

高亲和性 K+(HKT)转运体介导 Na+特异性转运或 Na+-K+协同转运,在植物耐盐性中发挥着关键作用。我们之前在章鱼卵母细胞中进行的功能研究表明,硬粒小麦 TdHKT1;4-1 是一种 Na+ 选择性转运体。在这里,我们研究了拟南芥 athkt1 突变体背景下 TdHKT1;4-1 的功能及其在耐盐胁迫中的作用。结果表明,TdHKT1;4-1 部分补充了 athkt1 转基因品系的盐敏感表型。中度盐胁迫(50 mM NaCl)下的生理分析和氧化胁迫状态比较表明,转基因品系 SH3 和 SH5 都恢复了与 Wt 植物相当的盐胁迫耐受性。而在严重盐胁迫处理(100 mM NaCl)下,athkt1 转基因品系表现出介于 Wt 和 athkt1 突变体之间的盐胁迫耐受性。此外,在中度和重度盐胁迫下,TdHKT1;4-1 在叶片中高表达,而在根部,只有在重度盐胁迫下才大量表达。此外,在中度胁迫下,与 athkt1 和 Wt 相比,SH3 和 SH5 株系中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶的表达量显著增加。因此,TdHKT1;4-1 似乎不同于拟南芥的同源物,它对盐胁迫耐受性的贡献可达到一个特定的阈值,超过这个阈值,TdHKT1;4-1 的表达可能会导致根部 Na+ 流入量增加,从而增加其在盐胁迫期间的毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of digestive vacuole differentiation clarified by the observation of living Paramecium bursaria. 通过观察活体法氏囊星虫,阐明消化泡分化的动力学。
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01996-1
Keiko Obayashi, Yuuki Kodama

Paramecium bursaria is a ciliate species that has a symbiotic relationship with Chlorella spp. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamics of digestive vacuole (DV) differentiation in P. bursaria, using yeast stained with a pH indicator. Previously, DV differentiation in P. bursaria has been classified into eight periods based on fixed-cell observations. However, to understand the behavior and physiology of P. bursaria in its natural state, it is essential to observe living cells. This study presented a novel method using Cornig® Cell-Tak™ to immobilize living P. bursaria cells, which enabled long-term observation of the same cell from the same direction. This technique allowed for real-time observation of DV differentiation, including the relationship between changes in the internal pH of DV and the diameter of DV, yeast budding from the DV membrane by a single cell into the cytoplasm, and separation of a DV containing multiple yeasts into two DVs. This study provides new insights into the dynamic process of DV differentiation in P. bursaria. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic relationship between the two organisms and shed light on the complex process of intracellular digestion in ciliates.

本研究旨在利用用pH指示剂染色的酵母阐明法氏囊虫消化泡(DV)分化的动态。此前,根据固定细胞观察,法氏囊虫的消化泡分化被分为八个时期。然而,要了解自然状态下法氏囊虫的行为和生理,观察活细胞至关重要。本研究介绍了一种使用 Cornig® Cell-Tak™ 固定法氏囊虫活细胞的新方法,该方法可从同一方向对同一细胞进行长期观察。该技术可实时观察 DV 分化,包括 DV 内部 pH 值变化与 DV 直径之间的关系、单细胞从 DV 膜上萌发到细胞质中的酵母,以及将含有多个酵母的 DV 分离成两个 DV。这项研究为了解法氏囊虫DV分化的动态过程提供了新的视角。这些发现有助于更好地理解两种生物之间共生关系的细胞机制,并揭示了纤毛虫细胞内消化的复杂过程。
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引用次数: 0
Ubiquitin-like and ubiquitinylated proteins associated with the maternal cell walls of Scenedesmus obliquus 633 as identified by immunochemistry and LC-MS/MS proteomics. 通过免疫化学和 LC-MS/MS 蛋白质组学鉴定的与钝顶藻 633 母细胞壁相关的泛素样蛋白和泛素化蛋白。
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01994-3
Justyna Kowalczyk, Kinga Kłodawska, Maria Zych, Jan Burczyk, Przemysław Malec

The cell walls of green algae Scenedesmus obliquus are complex, polymeric structures including an inner cellulose layer surrounded by an algaenan-containing trilaminar sheath. The process of autosporulation leads to the formation of sporangial (maternal) cell walls, which are released into the medium after sporangial autolysis. In this study, a fraction of maternal cell wall material (CWM) was isolated from the stationary phase cultures of Scenedesmus obliquus 633 and subjected to immunofluorescence microscopy using polyclonal anti-ubiquitin antibodies. The water-extracted polypeptide fraction from the maternal cell walls was then analyzed using immunoblotting and LC-MS/MS. An immunoanalysis showed the presence of several peptides reactive with polyclonal anti-ubiquitin serum, with apparent molecular masses of c. 12, 70, 120, 200, and > 250 kDa. Cell wall-associated peptides were identified on the basis of LC-MS/MS spectra across NCBI databases, including the Scenedesmaceae family (58 records), the Chlorophyceae class (37 records), and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (18 records) corresponding to the signatures of 95 identified proteins. In particular, three signatures identified ubiquitin and ubiquitin-related proteins. In the maternal cell walls, immunoblotting analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, and LC-MS/MS proteomics collectively demonstrated the presence of ubiquitin-like epitopes, ubiquitin-specific peptide signatures, and several putative ubiquitin conjugates of a higher molecular mass. These results support the presence of ubiquitin-like proteins in the extramembranous compartment of Scenedesmus obliquus 633 and suggest that protein ubiquitination plays a significant role in the formation and functional integrity of the maternal cell walls in green algae.

绿藻双孢藻类(Scenedesmus obliquus)的细胞壁是一种复杂的聚合物结构,包括内层纤维素层和周围的含藻烯的三层鞘。自孢子过程会形成孢子囊(母体)细胞壁,在孢子囊自溶后释放到培养基中。在本研究中,我们从双孢蘑菇 633 的静止期培养物中分离出一部分母细胞壁物质(CWM),并使用多克隆抗泛素抗体对其进行免疫荧光显微分析。然后使用免疫印迹法和 LC-MS/MS 分析从母体细胞壁中提取的多肽部分。免疫分析表明,存在几种与多克隆抗泛素血清反应的肽,其表观分子质量分别为 12、70、120、200 和 > 250 kDa。根据 NCBI 数据库中的 LC-MS/MS 图谱鉴定了细胞壁相关肽,包括景天科(58 条记录)、叶绿藻科(37 条记录)和衣藻(18 条记录),与 95 个已鉴定蛋白质的特征相对应。其中,3 个特征识别了泛素和泛素相关蛋白。在母体细胞壁中,免疫印迹分析、免疫荧光显微镜和 LC-MS/MS 蛋白质组学共同证明了泛素样表位、泛素特异性肽特征和几种推测的高分子量泛素共轭物的存在。这些结果支持了泛素样蛋白存在于双孢藻类 633 的膜外区,并表明蛋白质泛素化在绿藻母细胞壁的形成和功能完整性中发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the effect of permeant solutes on the hydraulic resistance of the plasma membrane in cells of Chara corallina. 渗透性溶质对珊瑚虫细胞质膜水阻的影响分析
IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-02000-6
Masashi Tazawa, Randy Wayne, Maki Katsuhara

In the cells of Chara corallina, permeant monohydric alcohols including methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol increased the hydraulic resistance of the membrane (Lpm-1). We found that the relative value of the hydraulic resistance (rLpm-1) was linearly dependent on the concentration (Cs) of the alcohol. The relationship is expressed in the equation: rLpm-1 = ρmCs + 1, where ρm is the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficient of the membrane. Ye et al. (2004) showed that membrane-permeant glycol ethers also increased Lp-1. We used their data to estimate Lpm-1 and rLpm-1. The values of rLpm-1 fit the above relation we found for alcohols. When we plotted the ρm values of all the permeant alcohols and glycol ethers against their molecular weights (MW), we obtained a linear curve with a slope of 0.014 M-1/MW and with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. We analyzed the influence of the permeant solutes on the relative hydraulic resistance of the membrane (rLpm-1) as a function of the external (π0) and internal (πi) osmotic pressures. The analysis showed that the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficients (ρm) were linearly related to the MW of the permeant solutes with a slope of 0.012 M-1/MW and with a correlation coefficient of 0.84. The linear relationship between the effects of permeating solutes on the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficient (ρm) and the MW can be explained in terms of the effect of the effective osmotic pressure on the hydraulic conductivity of water channels. The result of the analysis suggests that the osmotic pressure and not the size of the permeant solute as proposed by (Ye et al., J Exp Bot 55:449-461, 2004) is the decisive factor in a solute's influence on hydraulic conductivity. Thus, characean water channels (aquaporins) respond to permeant solutes with essentially the same mechanism as to impermeant solutes.

在珊瑚菜细胞中,渗透性一元醇(包括甲醇、乙醇和 1-丙醇)会增加膜的水力阻力(Lpm-1)。我们发现,水力阻力的相对值(rLpm-1)与酒精的浓度(Cs)呈线性关系。其关系用公式表示为:rLpm-1 = ρmCs + 1,其中 ρm 是膜的水阻修正系数。Ye 等人(2004 年)的研究表明,膜渗透乙二醇醚也会增加 Lp-1。我们利用他们的数据估算了 Lpm-1 和 rLpm-1。rLpm-1 的值符合我们在醇类中发现的上述关系。当我们将所有渗透醇和乙二醇醚的 ρm 值与其分子量(MW)绘制成曲线时,我们得到了一条斜率为 0.014 M-1/MW、相关系数为 0.99 的线性曲线。我们分析了渗透溶质对膜的相对水力阻力(rLpm-1)的影响,它是外部渗透压(π0)和内部渗透压(πi)的函数。分析表明,水力阻力修正系数(ρm)与渗透溶质的分子量呈线性关系,斜率为 0.012 M-1/MW,相关系数为 0.84。渗透溶质对水力阻力改性系数(ρm)的影响与 MW 之间的线性关系可以用有效渗透压对水道水力传导性的影响来解释。分析结果表明,渗透压而不是(Ye 等人,J Exp Bot 55:449-461, 2004)提出的渗透溶质的大小是溶质影响水导率的决定性因素。因此,藻类水通道(aquaporins)对渗透性溶质的反应机制与对非渗透性溶质的反应机制基本相同。
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