Biotic and/or abiotic stressors dampen crop productivity and affect sustainability worldwide. To address these challenges, it is crucial to associate the desired stress-responsive genes with specific stress-inducible promoters for developing plant varieties with broad-spectrum stress tolerance. In this study, the promoter region of the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene from banana was thoroughly analysed, and its tissue-specific expression, in response to various environmental insults was delineated. Comprehensive analyses such as transcript abundance-based expression profiling and evaluation of ProANS-GUS activity in transgenic lines was performed and the expression patterns thus obtained were corroborated with the presence of corresponding cis-elements in the promoter region. Transcription of the ANS gene was strongly altered by the imposition of environmental stresses or signaling molecules. MusaANS transcripts in banana were significantly suppressed by exposure to high salinity, salicylic acid or abscisic acid, while its expression was stimulated by methyl jasmonate as well as drought. In PMusaANS-GUS transformed tobacco lines, PMusaANS activity was mainly observed in the vascular tissue under control conditions. Drought, salinity, MeJA, salicylic acid and ABA strongly activated PMusaANS whereas, ethephon suppressed its activity. Thorough scrutiny of PMusaANS showed the presence of a diverse array of stress and phytochemical response-associated cis-elements, such as ARR1AT (cytokinin), ACGTATERD1 (drought), DPBFCOREDCDC3 (ABA), ABREOSRAB21 (ABA), ASF1MOTIFCAMV (salicylic acid), ERELEE4 (ethylene) and BIHD1OS (pathogen response). Based on the results, PMusaANS is differentially activated under stress and hence is an excellent stress-inducible candidate promoter for producing resilient transgenic crop varieties.
{"title":"Insights into stress responsiveness of MusaANS promoter- an anthocyanidin synthase gene from banana.","authors":"Pooja Bhatt, Subham Bhakta, Sanjana Negi, Sudhir Singh, Himanshu Tak, Anand Ballal","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02156-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02156-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biotic and/or abiotic stressors dampen crop productivity and affect sustainability worldwide. To address these challenges, it is crucial to associate the desired stress-responsive genes with specific stress-inducible promoters for developing plant varieties with broad-spectrum stress tolerance. In this study, the promoter region of the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene from banana was thoroughly analysed, and its tissue-specific expression, in response to various environmental insults was delineated. Comprehensive analyses such as transcript abundance-based expression profiling and evaluation of ProANS-GUS activity in transgenic lines was performed and the expression patterns thus obtained were corroborated with the presence of corresponding cis-elements in the promoter region. Transcription of the ANS gene was strongly altered by the imposition of environmental stresses or signaling molecules. MusaANS transcripts in banana were significantly suppressed by exposure to high salinity, salicylic acid or abscisic acid, while its expression was stimulated by methyl jasmonate as well as drought. In P<sub>MusaANS</sub>-GUS transformed tobacco lines, P<sub>MusaANS</sub> activity was mainly observed in the vascular tissue under control conditions. Drought, salinity, MeJA, salicylic acid and ABA strongly activated P<sub>MusaANS</sub> whereas, ethephon suppressed its activity. Thorough scrutiny of P<sub>MusaANS</sub> showed the presence of a diverse array of stress and phytochemical response-associated cis-elements, such as ARR1AT (cytokinin), ACGTATERD1 (drought), DPBFCOREDCDC3 (ABA), ABREOSRAB21 (ABA), ASF1MOTIFCAMV (salicylic acid), ERELEE4 (ethylene) and BIHD1OS (pathogen response). Based on the results, P<sub>MusaANS</sub> is differentially activated under stress and hence is an excellent stress-inducible candidate promoter for producing resilient transgenic crop varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-18DOI: 10.1007/s00709-026-02173-2
Öner Canavar, Huaicheng Li
{"title":"Visualization of the biochemical dynamics of tannins, proteins, starch, and pectin in the endosperm and embryo of maize (Zea mays L.) during germination under salt stress and non-stress conditions.","authors":"Öner Canavar, Huaicheng Li","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02173-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02173-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146220977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1007/s00709-026-02160-7
Liang Chengcheng, Zhou Yanduo, Wang Zhebin, Li Jianzhang, Zhu Yangtao, Li Jun, Li Yu, Hashim R Felemban, Othman Yahya Alyahyawy, Ahmad F Alhomodi, Fatimah Hadadi, Ali Shaibah, Li Bingzhi, Wang Xianwei
{"title":"Metagenomic analysis of fecal microbial communities in dairy goats from different farms.","authors":"Liang Chengcheng, Zhou Yanduo, Wang Zhebin, Li Jianzhang, Zhu Yangtao, Li Jun, Li Yu, Hashim R Felemban, Othman Yahya Alyahyawy, Ahmad F Alhomodi, Fatimah Hadadi, Ali Shaibah, Li Bingzhi, Wang Xianwei","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02160-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02160-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1007/s00709-026-02169-y
Katia Forsman, Jari Jussila
{"title":"Plant emotion revisited: toward a new conceptual framework.","authors":"Katia Forsman, Jari Jussila","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02169-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02169-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s00709-026-02162-5
Vinícius Coelho Kuster, Maraíza Sousa Silva, Lorena Moreira Pires Rosa, Lana Laene Lima Dias, Maísa Barbosa Santos, Denis Coelho de Oliveira
{"title":"Immunocytological composition of cell walls in Sapium glandulosum (Euphorbiaceae) galls reveals steps in their establishment and development.","authors":"Vinícius Coelho Kuster, Maraíza Sousa Silva, Lorena Moreira Pires Rosa, Lana Laene Lima Dias, Maísa Barbosa Santos, Denis Coelho de Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02162-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02162-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146150564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1007/s00709-026-02158-1
Daniel Liu
When the journal Protoplasma was founded 100 years ago in 1926, scientists used two different concepts to describe what we would now consider one and the same object: the cell for the membrane-bound structural unit of life, and protoplasm for the living fluid mass or body of the cell. The flourishing of both concepts together dates back to the 1850s, when biologists revised the original cell theory of 1838/39 while also unifying the definition of the cell across plant and animal kingdoms. However, at the beginning of the 20th century a methodological debate over fixation and staining artifacts divided cell researchers in two polarized groups. Cytologists preferred continuing descriptive research on fixed images of chromosomes and organelles, while general physiologists or "protoplasmologists" sought to develop new physical chemical experiments to study living, uninjured protoplasts. This historical essay shows how the journal Protoplasma emerged from one side of these longer debates over the definition of cellular life, and places the origins of the journal in the context of a changing disciplinary landscape of the life sciences in the first half of the 20th century. It also argues that cross-kingdom research in cell biology has been a foundational source of innovation in cell theory's longer history.
{"title":"Why is this journal called Protoplasma? A history of protoplasm theory and the divisions in cell biology before 1926.","authors":"Daniel Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02158-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02158-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When the journal Protoplasma was founded 100 years ago in 1926, scientists used two different concepts to describe what we would now consider one and the same object: the cell for the membrane-bound structural unit of life, and protoplasm for the living fluid mass or body of the cell. The flourishing of both concepts together dates back to the 1850s, when biologists revised the original cell theory of 1838/39 while also unifying the definition of the cell across plant and animal kingdoms. However, at the beginning of the 20th century a methodological debate over fixation and staining artifacts divided cell researchers in two polarized groups. Cytologists preferred continuing descriptive research on fixed images of chromosomes and organelles, while general physiologists or \"protoplasmologists\" sought to develop new physical chemical experiments to study living, uninjured protoplasts. This historical essay shows how the journal Protoplasma emerged from one side of these longer debates over the definition of cellular life, and places the origins of the journal in the context of a changing disciplinary landscape of the life sciences in the first half of the 20th century. It also argues that cross-kingdom research in cell biology has been a foundational source of innovation in cell theory's longer history.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1007/s00709-026-02168-z
Hongyu Chen, Ying Yu, Bo Wang, Qingwen Sun
{"title":"The regulatory networks and metabolite variations during rhizome development in Drynaria roosii Nakaike.","authors":"Hongyu Chen, Ying Yu, Bo Wang, Qingwen Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02168-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02168-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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