{"title":"Supplemental Material for How Do Participant Preferences, Expectancies, and Perceptions of Ecological Momentary Assessment Impact Adherence? A Mixed-Methods Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pas0001381.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001381.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Utilizing Qualitative Methods to Detect Validity Issues in Clinical Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM)","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pas0001380.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001380.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"26 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for The Importance of Examining Measurement Properties in Ecological Momentary Assessment Research: An Illustrative Example in Suicide Research","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pas0001417.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001417.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"225 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145718297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Assessing the Internal Consistency Reliability of Ecological Momentary Assessment Measures: Insights From the WARN-D Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pas0001410.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001410.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgment of Ad Hoc Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/pas0001444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophie G Coelho,Kyla L Belisario,Matthew T Keough,Michael T Amlung,James G Murphy,James MacKillop
Alcohol demand, reflecting the relative reinforcing value of alcohol, is robustly associated with alcohol use and problems. Alcohol demand is typically assessed using alcohol purchase tasks (APTs) in which participants estimate alcohol consumption at escalating prices, with the resulting demand curves yielding multiple indices of value. Although generally efficient, full-length APTs pose some burden and existing short forms cannot produce individual demand curves or derived indices. Thus, we developed a brief adjusting APT using an algorithm to identify 5-6 items from a full-length APT based on an individual's level of alcohol demand. Two independent samples of heavy-drinking young adults (Sample 1: N = 725, Mage = 21.43 years; Sample 2: N = 588, Mage = 22.64 years) completed an assessment that included a full-length APT and measures of alcohol use and problems. Using a binary-search-style algorithm, brief APT responses were extracted from the full-length APT. In each sample, individual demand curves from the brief APT fit the data well. Observed (intensity, Omax, breakpoint) and derived (elasticity) demand indices robustly corresponded with the full-length APT, including similar mean estimates and high correlations (r ≥ 0.79) between corresponding indices from the brief and full-length APTs. Demand indices from the brief APT were associated with alcohol use and problems, and associations of corresponding indices from the brief and full-length APTs with alcohol use outcomes were of equivalent magnitude. These findings provide initial support for a brief adjusting APT as a measure of alcohol demand. Future research should further evaluate this measure, including stand-alone administration and detection of within-person changes in alcohol demand. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
酒精需求反映了酒精的相对强化价值，与酒精使用和酒精问题密切相关。酒精需求通常是通过酒精购买任务（APTs）来评估的，在该任务中，参与者估计在不断上涨的价格下的酒精消费量，由此产生的需求曲线产生多个价值指数。全长apt虽然总体效率较高，但存在一定的负担，且现有的短格式无法生成单个需求曲线或衍生指标。因此，我们开发了一个简短的调整APT，使用一种算法，根据个人的酒精需求水平，从全长APT中识别5-6个项目。两个独立的重度饮酒年轻人样本（样本1:N = 725，年龄21.43岁；样本2:N = 588，年龄22.64岁）完成了一项评估，包括完整的APT和酒精使用和问题的测量。使用二叉搜索算法，从全长APT中提取简短的APT响应。在每个样本中，简短APT的个人需求曲线与数据拟合良好。观察到的（强度、Omax、断点）和推导出的（弹性）需求指数与全长APT具有良好的对应关系，包括相似的均值估计和短时间APT与全长APT对应指数之间的高相关性（r≥0.79）。简短APT的需求指数与酒精使用和问题相关，简短APT和全长APT的相应指数与酒精使用结果的关联程度相等。这些发现为将APT作为酒精需求的衡量标准进行简要调整提供了初步支持。未来的研究应进一步评估这一措施，包括独立管理和检测酒精需求的个人变化。（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA，版权所有）。
{"title":"Development of a brief adjusting alcohol purchase task as a measure of behavioral economic demand for alcohol in two samples of heavy-drinking young adults.","authors":"Sophie G Coelho,Kyla L Belisario,Matthew T Keough,Michael T Amlung,James G Murphy,James MacKillop","doi":"10.1037/pas0001434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001434","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol demand, reflecting the relative reinforcing value of alcohol, is robustly associated with alcohol use and problems. Alcohol demand is typically assessed using alcohol purchase tasks (APTs) in which participants estimate alcohol consumption at escalating prices, with the resulting demand curves yielding multiple indices of value. Although generally efficient, full-length APTs pose some burden and existing short forms cannot produce individual demand curves or derived indices. Thus, we developed a brief adjusting APT using an algorithm to identify 5-6 items from a full-length APT based on an individual's level of alcohol demand. Two independent samples of heavy-drinking young adults (Sample 1: N = 725, Mage = 21.43 years; Sample 2: N = 588, Mage = 22.64 years) completed an assessment that included a full-length APT and measures of alcohol use and problems. Using a binary-search-style algorithm, brief APT responses were extracted from the full-length APT. In each sample, individual demand curves from the brief APT fit the data well. Observed (intensity, Omax, breakpoint) and derived (elasticity) demand indices robustly corresponded with the full-length APT, including similar mean estimates and high correlations (r ≥ 0.79) between corresponding indices from the brief and full-length APTs. Demand indices from the brief APT were associated with alcohol use and problems, and associations of corresponding indices from the brief and full-length APTs with alcohol use outcomes were of equivalent magnitude. These findings provide initial support for a brief adjusting APT as a measure of alcohol demand. Future research should further evaluate this measure, including stand-alone administration and detection of within-person changes in alcohol demand. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD; i.e., use of compensatory behaviors to offset alcohol-related calories and/or to enhance the effects of alcohol) is prevalent among college students and associated with negative consequences. Expectancy effects may play a critical role in understanding the phenomenology and trajectory of FAD, as research from the alcohol and disordered eating literature suggest expectancies are uniquely linked to engagement in these behaviors and their related outcomes. However, little is known about FAD-specific expectancies. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the FAD Expectancy Questionnaire (FAD-EQ). Using three independent multisite samples of U.S. college students (Sample 1: n = 2,594; Sample 2: n = 1,693; Sample 3: n = 3,824), we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, tested measurement invariance across sex assigned at birth, evaluated the measure's construct validity, and examined whether FAD expectancy profiles differed by type of past-month FAD engagement. Results supported a two-factor structure (positive and negative FAD expectancies) for the 30-item FAD-EQ, which demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, measurement invariance across sex assigned at birth, and preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Similar to results from the alcohol expectancy literature, students engaging in FAD for alcohol enhancement and caloric compensation purposes endorsed the strongest positive and weakest negative expectancies, while students who denied past-month FAD endorsed the weakest positive and strongest negative expectancies. Findings from this study offer a robust tool for assessing FAD expectancies and provide several avenues for future research, intervention, and prevention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"The development and psychometric validation of the Food and Alcohol Disturbance Expectancy Questionnaire (FAD-EQ) in three independent college student samples.","authors":"Katherine A Berry,Kyle P De Young,Alison Looby, ","doi":"10.1037/pas0001438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001438","url":null,"abstract":"Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD; i.e., use of compensatory behaviors to offset alcohol-related calories and/or to enhance the effects of alcohol) is prevalent among college students and associated with negative consequences. Expectancy effects may play a critical role in understanding the phenomenology and trajectory of FAD, as research from the alcohol and disordered eating literature suggest expectancies are uniquely linked to engagement in these behaviors and their related outcomes. However, little is known about FAD-specific expectancies. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the FAD Expectancy Questionnaire (FAD-EQ). Using three independent multisite samples of U.S. college students (Sample 1: n = 2,594; Sample 2: n = 1,693; Sample 3: n = 3,824), we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, tested measurement invariance across sex assigned at birth, evaluated the measure's construct validity, and examined whether FAD expectancy profiles differed by type of past-month FAD engagement. Results supported a two-factor structure (positive and negative FAD expectancies) for the 30-item FAD-EQ, which demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, measurement invariance across sex assigned at birth, and preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Similar to results from the alcohol expectancy literature, students engaging in FAD for alcohol enhancement and caloric compensation purposes endorsed the strongest positive and weakest negative expectancies, while students who denied past-month FAD endorsed the weakest positive and strongest negative expectancies. Findings from this study offer a robust tool for assessing FAD expectancies and provide several avenues for future research, intervention, and prevention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anxiety and depression symptoms are more prevalent in individuals with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) than in the general population, underscoring the need for effective screening. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is widely used for this purpose, yet how best to use and interpret the HADS in individuals with TBI remains an open question. This study evaluated the HADS total score, subscale scores, and individual items in 402 individuals with moderate-severe TBI. The sample was on average 13 years postinjury, originally recruited during inpatient rehabilitation. HADS scores were regressed against five clinically important variables to determine their concurrent criterion validity, and regression tree analyses were used to establish severity cutoffs for the total and subscale scores. Results indicated that while the HADS subscale scores provided no meaningful advantage over the total score in accounting for variance in suicidal ideation, self-harm, or mental health treatment, the subscales-particularly depression subscale items-were more informative with respect to functional disability and life satisfaction. Benchmarked against these clinically important variables, we established graded severity cutoffs ("normal," "mild," "moderate," and "severe") for both the HADS total and subscale scores. This study provides clinicians and researchers with empirically derived guidance for using and interpreting the HADS when assessing emotional distress in individuals with moderate-severe TBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
焦虑和抑郁症状在中重度创伤性脑损伤（TBI）患者中比在普通人群中更为普遍，这强调了进行有效筛查的必要性。医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）被广泛用于此目的，然而如何最好地使用和解释TBI患者的HADS仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。本研究对402例中重度脑外伤患者的HADS总分、亚量表得分和单项评分进行了评估。样本平均为受伤后13年，最初是在住院康复期间招募的。HADS评分与五个临床重要变量进行回归，以确定其并发标准效度，并使用回归树分析为总评分和子量表评分建立严重程度临界值。结果表明，虽然HADS子量表得分在自杀意念、自残或心理健康治疗方面没有比总分有意义的优势，但子量表——尤其是抑郁子量表——在功能残疾和生活满意度方面提供了更多的信息。以这些临床重要变量为基准，我们为HADS总分和亚量表评分建立了分级的严重程度临界值（“正常”、“轻度”、“中度”和“严重”）。本研究为临床医生和研究人员在评估中重度创伤性脑损伤患者的情绪困扰时使用和解释HADS提供了经验性指导。（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA，版权所有）。
{"title":"Interpreting the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for individuals with traumatic brain injury: Clinical correlates and empirical severity cutoffs.","authors":"Tayla Fox,Alexia Samiotis,Jennie Ponsford,Gershon Spitz,Jai Carmichael","doi":"10.1037/pas0001436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001436","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety and depression symptoms are more prevalent in individuals with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) than in the general population, underscoring the need for effective screening. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is widely used for this purpose, yet how best to use and interpret the HADS in individuals with TBI remains an open question. This study evaluated the HADS total score, subscale scores, and individual items in 402 individuals with moderate-severe TBI. The sample was on average 13 years postinjury, originally recruited during inpatient rehabilitation. HADS scores were regressed against five clinically important variables to determine their concurrent criterion validity, and regression tree analyses were used to establish severity cutoffs for the total and subscale scores. Results indicated that while the HADS subscale scores provided no meaningful advantage over the total score in accounting for variance in suicidal ideation, self-harm, or mental health treatment, the subscales-particularly depression subscale items-were more informative with respect to functional disability and life satisfaction. Benchmarked against these clinically important variables, we established graded severity cutoffs (\"normal,\" \"mild,\" \"moderate,\" and \"severe\") for both the HADS total and subscale scores. This study provides clinicians and researchers with empirically derived guidance for using and interpreting the HADS when assessing emotional distress in individuals with moderate-severe TBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew W Southward,Madeline L Kushner,Nicole E Stumpp,Sarah E Cecil,Caden J Maynard,Alexandra K Barnhill,Vincent J Buchenberger,Shannon Sauer-Zavala
Because most validated personality measures were designed to capture relatively general and stable characteristics, they do not specify a particular timeframe for respondents to consider. It is thus unknown how these measures perform when administered repeatedly or how this performance compares to the same measures with instructions and items adapted to the repeated timeframe of interest. We randomly assigned undergraduate participants (N = 257; Mage = 20.4; 79% female; 77% White; 77% heterosexual) to complete measures of personality (NEO-Five Factor Inventory-3, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form-2.0, Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, Five Factor Borderline Inventory-Short Form) with validated general instructions and items or measures with instructions and items pertaining to the previous week once per week for 6 weeks. Compared to measures with general instructions, measures with weekly instructions demonstrated greater within-person internal consistency (weekly ωs: .42-.83; general ωs: .44-.72), lower rank-order stability (weekly average 1 week r = .72; general average 1 week r = .86), greater variability (ds: .08-.94), lower average mean scores across time (ds: -.96 to .25), and stronger associations with measures of anxiety and depression, well-being, and functioning but similar between-person internal consistencies (weekly ωs: .79-.99; general ωs: .79-.99) and measurement invariance. Researchers assessing personality weekly may thus be able to capture more variability and stronger associations with relevant constructs while still maintaining reliable individual differences and construct validity using personality measures referencing participants' past week. However, nuances such as lower average scores when referencing the past week should be kept in mind when comparing results between studies using different reference timeframes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"The importance of specifying the time period in repeated measures of personality assessments.","authors":"Matthew W Southward,Madeline L Kushner,Nicole E Stumpp,Sarah E Cecil,Caden J Maynard,Alexandra K Barnhill,Vincent J Buchenberger,Shannon Sauer-Zavala","doi":"10.1037/pas0001440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001440","url":null,"abstract":"Because most validated personality measures were designed to capture relatively general and stable characteristics, they do not specify a particular timeframe for respondents to consider. It is thus unknown how these measures perform when administered repeatedly or how this performance compares to the same measures with instructions and items adapted to the repeated timeframe of interest. We randomly assigned undergraduate participants (N = 257; Mage = 20.4; 79% female; 77% White; 77% heterosexual) to complete measures of personality (NEO-Five Factor Inventory-3, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form-2.0, Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, Five Factor Borderline Inventory-Short Form) with validated general instructions and items or measures with instructions and items pertaining to the previous week once per week for 6 weeks. Compared to measures with general instructions, measures with weekly instructions demonstrated greater within-person internal consistency (weekly ωs: .42-.83; general ωs: .44-.72), lower rank-order stability (weekly average 1 week r = .72; general average 1 week r = .86), greater variability (ds: .08-.94), lower average mean scores across time (ds: -.96 to .25), and stronger associations with measures of anxiety and depression, well-being, and functioning but similar between-person internal consistencies (weekly ωs: .79-.99; general ωs: .79-.99) and measurement invariance. Researchers assessing personality weekly may thus be able to capture more variability and stronger associations with relevant constructs while still maintaining reliable individual differences and construct validity using personality measures referencing participants' past week. However, nuances such as lower average scores when referencing the past week should be kept in mind when comparing results between studies using different reference timeframes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac T Petersen,Zachary Demko,Philipp Doebler,Loreen Sabel,Jacob J Oleson,Robert F Krueger
Nearly all questionnaires of externalizing problems use vague quantifiers of relative frequency (e.g., rarely/sometimes/often) or true/false statements. Vague quantifiers have many problems, including imprecision and low interpretability. An alternative is numeric quantifiers that quantify, in absolute frequency, how many times the person engaged in the behavior during a given time frame. This study evaluates whether absolute frequency provides utility for assessing the externalizing spectrum. Participants included adults recruited online and college students, for a combined sample of 1,237 adults (290 males; 947 females) spanning 18-92 years of age. A subset of items was adapted from the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory to assess absolute frequency, supplemented with additional items to ensure broad coverage. Using a 30-day reference period, participants indicated how many times they engaged in each behavior per day, per week, in the past month, or in the prior year. Externalizing problems showed age-related decreases from early to later adulthood. On average, men showed greater externalizing problems than women in early and older adulthood; women showed greater externalizing problems than men in middle adulthood. Latent scores derived from absolute frequency items demonstrated convergent validity with a widely used measure of externalizing problems (Adult Self-Report), discriminant validity with respect to internalizing problems, and criterion and incremental validity in relation to functional impairment and inhibitory control. Count data led to greater precision-less uncertainty in the estimate of each person's level of externalizing problems-than dichotomized versions of the items. Findings suggest there is key utility in assessing absolute frequency of externalizing behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
几乎所有外化问题的问卷都使用相对频率的模糊量词（例如，很少/有时/经常）或真/假陈述。模糊量词存在着不精确、可解释性低等问题。另一种选择是数字量词，它以绝对频率量化一个人在给定时间范围内从事这种行为的次数。本研究评估绝对频率是否为评估外化频谱提供效用。参与者包括在线招募的成年人和大学生，共有1237名成年人（290名男性，947名女性），年龄在18-92岁之间。从外化频谱清单中改编了一组项目以评估绝对频率，并补充了其他项目以确保广泛覆盖。在30天的参考期内，参与者指出他们每天、每周、过去一个月或前一年从事每种行为的次数。从成年早期到成年后期，外化问题表现出与年龄相关的减少。平均而言，男性在成年早期和老年表现出比女性更大的外化问题；在中年时期，女性比男性表现出更大的外化问题。来自绝对频率项目的潜在分数与广泛使用的外化问题测量（成人自我报告）表现出收敛效度，与内化问题有关的判别效度，以及与功能障碍和抑制控制有关的标准效度和增量效度。与条目的二分类版本相比，计数数据带来了更高的精确度——在估计每个人的外在问题水平时更少的不确定性。研究结果表明，评估外化行为的绝对频率具有关键效用。（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA，版权所有）。
{"title":"How often is \"often\"? Improving assessment of the externalizing spectrum using absolute frequency.","authors":"Isaac T Petersen,Zachary Demko,Philipp Doebler,Loreen Sabel,Jacob J Oleson,Robert F Krueger","doi":"10.1037/pas0001441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001441","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly all questionnaires of externalizing problems use vague quantifiers of relative frequency (e.g., rarely/sometimes/often) or true/false statements. Vague quantifiers have many problems, including imprecision and low interpretability. An alternative is numeric quantifiers that quantify, in absolute frequency, how many times the person engaged in the behavior during a given time frame. This study evaluates whether absolute frequency provides utility for assessing the externalizing spectrum. Participants included adults recruited online and college students, for a combined sample of 1,237 adults (290 males; 947 females) spanning 18-92 years of age. A subset of items was adapted from the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory to assess absolute frequency, supplemented with additional items to ensure broad coverage. Using a 30-day reference period, participants indicated how many times they engaged in each behavior per day, per week, in the past month, or in the prior year. Externalizing problems showed age-related decreases from early to later adulthood. On average, men showed greater externalizing problems than women in early and older adulthood; women showed greater externalizing problems than men in middle adulthood. Latent scores derived from absolute frequency items demonstrated convergent validity with a widely used measure of externalizing problems (Adult Self-Report), discriminant validity with respect to internalizing problems, and criterion and incremental validity in relation to functional impairment and inhibitory control. Count data led to greater precision-less uncertainty in the estimate of each person's level of externalizing problems-than dichotomized versions of the items. Findings suggest there is key utility in assessing absolute frequency of externalizing behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：