Psychological Assessment最新文献

This study examines whether a single assessment occasion is sufficient to measure executive function (EF) in preschoolers. We administered a battery of EF tasks to 283 children aged 3-5 years (54% female) from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds (41% non-Hispanic white, 36% non-Hispanic black, 14% Hispanic, 8% mixed race, 1% Asian, 1% American Indian) across three occasions within an academic year. Using longitudinal bifactor models, we decomposed task performance into trait and state components. Results indicated that most of the reliable variation in EF task scores reflected trait-level influences (consistency estimates = 50%-89%). By contrast, most of the reliable variation in comparison task scores (simple reaction time task; assessor-rated attention during testing) reflected state-level influences (consistency estimates = 32%-36%). This is the first study to characterize the relative proportion of state- and trait-level influences on EF tasks in preschool-aged children. Our study underscores the importance of considering both trait and state influences in EF measurement and provides recommendations for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study examined the construct and incremental validity of the new Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) Antagonism (ANT) scale in the assessment of psychopathic personality traits given the centrality of the antagonism domain to this personality disorder construct. A sample of 231 individuals who had been recruited for subclinical psychopathy and externalizing traits from the general community was used. These participants had been administered a range of clinical interviews and self-report measures of psychopathy from which a four-factor model of psychopathy (affective, interpersonal, disinhibition, boldness) had been estimated. The ANT scale was meaningfully associated with affective, interpersonal, and disinhibition traits and added incremental validity to the MMPI-3 Aggressiveness scale in the predictions of these traits. Furthermore, ANT scale scores were associated with a range of conceptually relevant psychopathy symptoms from the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality, covering the full spectrum of antagonism features. The findings indicate that the MMPI-3 ANT scale is a promising measure of the antagonism construct for both research and clinical practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Research finds better reentry/recidivism program outcomes when individuals receive services that match their risks and needs. As such, the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) was developed to identify risk of future violence/offending, strengths, and targets for treatment. More empirical evidence is needed to characterize the psychometric properties of the START in general correctional settings before it may be used in practice. The current preregistered study explored the factor structures of the START strengths and vulnerabilities items, and reliability and construct validity of the factors, using 605 individuals (83% men, 68% White, 11% Hispanic) incarcerated in a county jail in the Southeastern United States. Exploratory factor analysis on a random half of the sample (N = 302) and confirmatory factor analysis on the other half (N = 303) identified the best fitting factor structures for the two item sets. Construct validity was tested through correlations between the START factor scores and external criteria indexing mental health, criminogenic risk, personal resources, and reentry/treatment attitudes. Exploratory factor analyses found four factors featuring well-being, externalizing, personal resources, and openness to change for the strengths and vulnerabilities items independently; in each case, confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the exploratory factor analysis-derived structure was superior to the unidimensional model. Convergent and discriminant validity were partially supported, with most factors correlating meaningfully with theoretically consistent external criteria. Results provided preliminary evidence of the multidimensionality of the START as used in an incarcerated sample. Further research replicating these factors and examining their predictive validity is needed to confirm their utility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

One of the most ecologically valid methods of assessing alcohol use is event-contingent ecological momentary assessments, being self-initiated ecological momentary assessments when drinking commences. However, studies of compliance with event-contingent drinking reports, and subjective momentary follow-ups thereafter, are scant. These reports are particularly important in alcohol research, as they glean subjective assessments during acute drinking moments. This study tested patterns and predictors of compliance with event-contingent reports and subsequent subjective follow-ups during drinking episodes. Young adults (N = 131) completed event-contingent reports after their first drink, with subjective follow-ups sent 60 min and 120 min later for 21 days. Participants also completed morning/afternoon surveys. Multilevel models tested whether affective, behavioral, and protocol-specific variables predicted compliance with event-contingent reports and subjective follow-ups thereafter. Event-contingent compliance was 78.4%, 60-min follow-up compliance was 72.4%, and 120-min follow-up compliance was 70.0%. For event-contingent compliance, deviations in daytime positive affect predicted a lower likelihood of compliance, but completing a higher cumulative number of event-contingent reports predicted a higher likelihood of compliance. For follow-up compliance, nighttime/afternoon (vs. morning) reports were associated with a higher likelihood of compliance and a higher cumulative number of drink reports at a given time with a lower likelihood of compliance. Follow-ups sent 120 min versus 60 min after initiation were associated with a lower likelihood of compliance. Daytime negative affect and planned drinking; drinking quantity, context, and alcohol/cannabis couse; and person-average drinking quantity, sex, age, and college status were unrelated to compliance. Findings may inform future studies in their design, schedule, and orientation practices when including event-contingent assessments.cumulative number of event-contingent reports predicted a higher likelihood of compliance. For follow-up compliance, nighttime/afternoon (vs. morning) reports were associated with a higher likelihood of compliance and a higher cumulative number of drink reports at a given time with a lower likelihood of compliance. Follow-ups sent 120 min versus 60 min after initiation were associated with a lower likelihood of compliance. Daytime negative affect and planned drinking; drinking quantity, context, and alcohol (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).