Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1037/pas0001325
Siyu Zhou, Cathy Creswell, Susan H Spence, Tessa Reardon
The Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) is a parent-report scale measuring young children's anxiety symptoms involving five specific anxiety symptoms (separation anxiety, physical injury fears, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety) that load on a higher-order factor representing general anxiety shared by all specific anxiety symptom subtypes. Although the PAS has been widely used to assess anxiety symptoms in young children, few studies have tested its measurement invariance for group comparisons. Using data from a sample of 2,221 children and their parents/carers in the United Kingdom, this study investigated the measurement invariance of the higher-order model of the PAS across child age (4-6 years vs. 6-7 years), gender (girls vs. boys), parental anxiety (low vs. high level), and children's living circumstances (before vs. after the removal of COVID-19 restrictions). Our findings demonstrated the good factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the higher-order model of the PAS in all subgroups and supported its configural, metric, and scalar invariance across these subgroups. Therefore, the findings suggest that the PAS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing specific anxiety symptoms and general anxiety among young children in the United Kingdom and that comparisons can be made between the subgroups under examination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
学龄前焦虑量表(PAS)是一种家长报告量表,用于测量幼儿的焦虑症状,其中涉及五种特定的焦虑症状(分离焦虑、身体伤害恐惧、社交恐惧症、强迫症和广泛性焦虑),这些焦虑症状会被加载到一个高阶因子上,该因子代表所有特定焦虑症状亚型共有的普遍焦虑。虽然 PAS 已被广泛用于评估幼儿的焦虑症状,但很少有研究对其进行群体比较的测量不变性测试。本研究使用英国 2221 名儿童及其父母/照看者的样本数据,调查了 PAS 高阶模型在不同儿童年龄(4-6 岁与 6-7 岁)、性别(女孩与男孩)、父母焦虑程度(低水平与高水平)和儿童生活环境(取消 COVID-19 限制前与取消 COVID-19 限制后)下的测量不变性。我们的研究结果表明,PAS 的高阶模型在所有亚组中都具有良好的因子结构、内部一致性和收敛有效性,并支持其在这些亚组中的构型、度量和标度不变性。因此,研究结果表明,PAS 是一种可靠有效的工具,可用于评估英国幼儿的特定焦虑症状和一般焦虑,并可在所研究的亚组之间进行比较。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Measurement invariance of the higher-order model of Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) across child age, gender, parental anxiety, and pandemic period in England.","authors":"Siyu Zhou, Cathy Creswell, Susan H Spence, Tessa Reardon","doi":"10.1037/pas0001325","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) is a parent-report scale measuring young children's anxiety symptoms involving five specific anxiety symptoms (separation anxiety, physical injury fears, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety) that load on a higher-order factor representing general anxiety shared by all specific anxiety symptom subtypes. Although the PAS has been widely used to assess anxiety symptoms in young children, few studies have tested its measurement invariance for group comparisons. Using data from a sample of 2,221 children and their parents/carers in the United Kingdom, this study investigated the measurement invariance of the higher-order model of the PAS across child age (4-6 years vs. 6-7 years), gender (girls vs. boys), parental anxiety (low vs. high level), and children's living circumstances (before vs. after the removal of COVID-19 restrictions). Our findings demonstrated the good factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the higher-order model of the PAS in all subgroups and supported its configural, metric, and scalar invariance across these subgroups. Therefore, the findings suggest that the PAS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing specific anxiety symptoms and general anxiety among young children in the United Kingdom and that comparisons can be made between the subgroups under examination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1037/pas0001327
Haley E Green, Lindsay N Gabel, Emma K Stewart, Yuliya Kotelnikova, Elizabeth P Hayden
Measurement tools from which valid interpretations can be made are critical for assessing early emerging depressive symptoms, as depressive symptoms in childhood are associated with increased risk for early-onset depressive disorder, recurrence, suicidality, and other psychopathology. The Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS) is a widely used self-report scale assessing youth depressive symptoms. The relatively few studies investigating the DSRS' latent structure have yielded mixed results, and measurement invariance (MI) based on sex and age has not been examined. We examined the factor structure and MI of the DSRS across sex and age in a community sample of 6-9-year-olds (N = 352; Mage = 7.57 years, SD = .70). Consistent with the largest prior structural study of the DSRS, a two-factor structure, with factors reflecting elevated negative affect (NA) and low positive affect (PA), showed strong model fit. Although this structure was consistent across sex and age (i.e., configural invariance), loadings of DSRS items varied across sex and age (i.e., metric noninvariance). Allowing the loadings of items contributing to noninvariance to vary across groups improved model fit. Implications for the clinical and research utility of the DSRS and suggestions for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Latent structure and measurement invariance of the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children across sex and age.","authors":"Haley E Green, Lindsay N Gabel, Emma K Stewart, Yuliya Kotelnikova, Elizabeth P Hayden","doi":"10.1037/pas0001327","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measurement tools from which valid interpretations can be made are critical for assessing early emerging depressive symptoms, as depressive symptoms in childhood are associated with increased risk for early-onset depressive disorder, recurrence, suicidality, and other psychopathology. The Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS) is a widely used self-report scale assessing youth depressive symptoms. The relatively few studies investigating the DSRS' latent structure have yielded mixed results, and measurement invariance (MI) based on sex and age has not been examined. We examined the factor structure and MI of the DSRS across sex and age in a community sample of 6-9-year-olds (<i>N</i> = 352; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 7.57 years, <i>SD</i> = .70). Consistent with the largest prior structural study of the DSRS, a two-factor structure, with factors reflecting elevated negative affect (NA) and low positive affect (PA), showed strong model fit. Although this structure was consistent across sex and age (i.e., configural invariance), loadings of DSRS items varied across sex and age (i.e., metric noninvariance). Allowing the loadings of items contributing to noninvariance to vary across groups improved model fit. Implications for the clinical and research utility of the DSRS and suggestions for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1037/pas0001326
Chrystal Vergara-Lopez, Evelyn M Hernandez Valencia, Milagros Grados, Esteban Ortiz, Jodi Sutherland Charvis, Hector I Lopez-Vergara
Research examining gender differences in perseverative cognition (repetitive, negative, and difficult-to-control thoughts) has focused on depressive rumination and internalizing syndromes. This study examines the transdiagnostic role of depressive rumination, anger rumination, and repetitive negative thinking across gender on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Utilizing an ethnoracially diverse sample (33% Black, 35% Latinx, 32% White non-Hispanic) of n = 1,187 young adults (49.5% women), we found equivalent instrument functioning across gender for depressive rumination (specifically brooding), anger rumination, and internalizing problems. Differential item functioning was found for repetitive negative thinking and externalizing problems; partial metric and scalar invariance were established for repetitive negative thinking, and partial metric invariance was established for externalizing problems. After accounting for bias in measurement, women engaged in more perseverative cognition, though effects were small for brooding and anger rumination and large for repetitive negative thinking. Different types of perseverations were positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms across gender. Perseverative cognition may be a transdiagnostic mechanism beyond internalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Reexamining gender differences and the transdiagnostic boundaries of various conceptualizations of perseverative cognition.","authors":"Chrystal Vergara-Lopez, Evelyn M Hernandez Valencia, Milagros Grados, Esteban Ortiz, Jodi Sutherland Charvis, Hector I Lopez-Vergara","doi":"10.1037/pas0001326","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research examining gender differences in perseverative cognition (repetitive, negative, and difficult-to-control thoughts) has focused on depressive rumination and internalizing syndromes. This study examines the transdiagnostic role of depressive rumination, anger rumination, and repetitive negative thinking across gender on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Utilizing an ethnoracially diverse sample (33% Black, 35% Latinx, 32% White non-Hispanic) of <i>n</i> = 1,187 young adults (49.5% women), we found equivalent instrument functioning across gender for depressive rumination (specifically brooding), anger rumination, and internalizing problems. Differential item functioning was found for repetitive negative thinking and externalizing problems; partial metric and scalar invariance were established for repetitive negative thinking, and partial metric invariance was established for externalizing problems. After accounting for bias in measurement, women engaged in more perseverative cognition, though effects were small for brooding and anger rumination and large for repetitive negative thinking. Different types of perseverations were positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms across gender. Perseverative cognition may be a transdiagnostic mechanism beyond internalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1037/pas0001328
Sophie M Kudryk, Jolie T K Ho, Joshua R C Budge, David A Moscovitch
The use of analogue samples, as opposed to clinical groups, is common in mental health research, including research on social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recent observational and statistical evidence has raised doubts about the validity of current methods for establishing analogue samples of individuals with clinically significant social anxiety. Here, we used data from large community samples of clinical and nonclinical participants to determine new cutoff scores on self-report measures of social anxiety symptoms and symptom-related impairment. We then examined whether using these newly determined cutoff scores alone or in combination improves the identification of individuals who have SAD from those who do not, revealing the most ideal cutoff combination to be 34 or above on the Social Phobia Inventory and 11 or above on the Sheehan Disability Scale. Finally, we compared the effects of our new cutoff scores with old cutoff scores by extracting analogue samples of participants with high social anxiety from historical data on seven large groups of undergraduate Psychology research participants from the authors' institution spanning the past 5 years (2018-2023). We observed that the new combined cutoff scores identified markedly fewer students as having high social anxiety, lending credibility to their utility. We also observed a striking increase in levels of social anxiety symptoms in the undergraduate population from before to after the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, most participants were under 30 and identified as Caucasian or Asian women, indicating that future research is needed to examine whether our findings generalize to diverse populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Identifying analogue samples of individuals with clinically significant social anxiety: Updating and combining cutoff scores on the Social Phobia Inventory and Sheehan Disability Scale.","authors":"Sophie M Kudryk, Jolie T K Ho, Joshua R C Budge, David A Moscovitch","doi":"10.1037/pas0001328","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of analogue samples, as opposed to clinical groups, is common in mental health research, including research on social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recent observational and statistical evidence has raised doubts about the validity of current methods for establishing analogue samples of individuals with clinically significant social anxiety. Here, we used data from large community samples of clinical and nonclinical participants to determine new cutoff scores on self-report measures of social anxiety symptoms and symptom-related impairment. We then examined whether using these newly determined cutoff scores alone or in combination improves the identification of individuals who have SAD from those who do not, revealing the most ideal cutoff combination to be 34 or above on the Social Phobia Inventory and 11 or above on the Sheehan Disability Scale. Finally, we compared the effects of our new cutoff scores with old cutoff scores by extracting analogue samples of participants with high social anxiety from historical data on seven large groups of undergraduate Psychology research participants from the authors' institution spanning the past 5 years (2018-2023). We observed that the new combined cutoff scores identified markedly fewer students as having high social anxiety, lending credibility to their utility. We also observed a striking increase in levels of social anxiety symptoms in the undergraduate population from before to after the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, most participants were under 30 and identified as Caucasian or Asian women, indicating that future research is needed to examine whether our findings generalize to diverse populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Su-Jong Kim-Dorner,Heike Saßmann,Juliane R Framme,Bettina Heidtmann,Thomas M Kapellen,Olga Kordonouri,Karolin M E Nettelrodt,Nicole Pisarek,Roland Schweizer,Simone von Sengbusch,Karin Lange
Children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parent-caregivers often experience diabetes distress due to the daily demands of diabetes management. Regular screening for diabetes distress is needed to prevent the deterioration of metabolic control and the development of mental health disorders. The aim of this analysis was to examine the psychometric properties of the German versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale for Children (PAID-C) and for caregiver burden in Parents (P-PAID-C). Data were collected from 136 children aged 7-12 years (46.7% females) and 304 parents (Mage = 42.9 (SD 6.1) years; 78% mothers) by using linguistically translated questionnaires in a multicenter study. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlational analyses were conducted. Results confirmed the two-factor model for the PAID-C and the four-factor model for the P-PAID-C with a slight modification. Cronbach's αs for children and parents were 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The PAID-C and P-PAID-C scores had small positive associations with HbA1c (rs = .220 and .139, respectively, all p < .05) and strong inverse association with the KIDSCREEN-10 index (r = -.643 and -.520, respectively, all p < .001). P-PAID-C scores increased with increasing depressive symptoms measured in nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire among parents (rs = .534, p < .001). The scores produced by the German PAID-C and P-PAID-C were reliable and valid in measuring diabetes burdens. These German versions of PAID can be utilized to assess diabetes-specific distress and to design interventions for children and their parents experiencing high levels of diabetes distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the German versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale for Children (PAID-C) with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents (P-PAID-C).","authors":"Su-Jong Kim-Dorner,Heike Saßmann,Juliane R Framme,Bettina Heidtmann,Thomas M Kapellen,Olga Kordonouri,Karolin M E Nettelrodt,Nicole Pisarek,Roland Schweizer,Simone von Sengbusch,Karin Lange","doi":"10.1037/pas0001338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001338","url":null,"abstract":"Children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parent-caregivers often experience diabetes distress due to the daily demands of diabetes management. Regular screening for diabetes distress is needed to prevent the deterioration of metabolic control and the development of mental health disorders. The aim of this analysis was to examine the psychometric properties of the German versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale for Children (PAID-C) and for caregiver burden in Parents (P-PAID-C). Data were collected from 136 children aged 7-12 years (46.7% females) and 304 parents (Mage = 42.9 (SD 6.1) years; 78% mothers) by using linguistically translated questionnaires in a multicenter study. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlational analyses were conducted. Results confirmed the two-factor model for the PAID-C and the four-factor model for the P-PAID-C with a slight modification. Cronbach's αs for children and parents were 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The PAID-C and P-PAID-C scores had small positive associations with HbA1c (rs = .220 and .139, respectively, all p < .05) and strong inverse association with the KIDSCREEN-10 index (r = -.643 and -.520, respectively, all p < .001). P-PAID-C scores increased with increasing depressive symptoms measured in nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire among parents (rs = .534, p < .001). The scores produced by the German PAID-C and P-PAID-C were reliable and valid in measuring diabetes burdens. These German versions of PAID can be utilized to assess diabetes-specific distress and to design interventions for children and their parents experiencing high levels of diabetes distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1037/pas0001322
Emily C Kemp, James V Ray, Paul J Frick, Laura C Thornton, Tina D Wall Myers, Emily L Robertson, Laurence Steinberg, Elizabeth Cauffman
The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) is a widely used measure of callous-unemotional (CU) traits that may aid in the assessment of the diagnostic specifier "with limited prosocial emotions," which has been added to diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder. Though there is substantial support for use of the ICU total score, the scale's factor structure has been highly debated. Inconsistencies in past factor analyses may be largely attributed to failure to control for method variance due to item wording (i.e., half of the items being worded in the callous direction and half worded in the prosocial direction). Thus, the present study used a multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analytic approach that models both trait and method variance to test the factor structure of the ICU self-report in a clinically relevant, high-risk sample of justice-involved male adolescents (N = 1,216). When comparing the fit of empirical and theoretical models, goodness of fit indices (χ² = 1105.877, df = 190, root-mean-square error of approximation = .063, comparative fit index = .916, Tucker-Lewis index = .878, standardized root-mean-square residual = .051) provided support for a hierarchical four-factor model (i.e., one overarching callous-unemotional factor, four latent trait factors) when accounting for method variance (i.e., covarying positively worded items). This factor structure is consistent with the way the ICU was constructed and with criteria for the limited prosocial emotions specifier. In addition, measurement invariance of this factor structure across age, race, and ethnicity was supported, and the predictive validity of the ICU was supported across these demographic groups in predicting self-reported antisocial behavior and rearrests over a 5-year period following an adolescent's first arrest. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) self-report version: Factor structure, measurement invariance, and predictive validity in justice-involved male adolescents.","authors":"Emily C Kemp, James V Ray, Paul J Frick, Laura C Thornton, Tina D Wall Myers, Emily L Robertson, Laurence Steinberg, Elizabeth Cauffman","doi":"10.1037/pas0001322","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) is a widely used measure of callous-unemotional (CU) traits that may aid in the assessment of the diagnostic specifier \"with limited prosocial emotions,\" which has been added to diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder. Though there is substantial support for use of the ICU total score, the scale's factor structure has been highly debated. Inconsistencies in past factor analyses may be largely attributed to failure to control for method variance due to item wording (i.e., half of the items being worded in the callous direction and half worded in the prosocial direction). Thus, the present study used a multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analytic approach that models both trait and method variance to test the factor structure of the ICU self-report in a clinically relevant, high-risk sample of justice-involved male adolescents (<i>N</i> = 1,216). When comparing the fit of empirical and theoretical models, goodness of fit indices (χ² = 1105.877, <i>df</i> = 190, root-mean-square error of approximation = .063, comparative fit index = .916, Tucker-Lewis index = .878, standardized root-mean-square residual = .051) provided support for a hierarchical four-factor model (i.e., one overarching callous-unemotional factor, four latent trait factors) when accounting for method variance (i.e., covarying positively worded items). This factor structure is consistent with the way the ICU was constructed and with criteria for the limited prosocial emotions specifier. In addition, measurement invariance of this factor structure across age, race, and ethnicity was supported, and the predictive validity of the ICU was supported across these demographic groups in predicting self-reported antisocial behavior and rearrests over a 5-year period following an adolescent's first arrest. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudden gains and sudden losses are abrupt, large changes in symptom severity between two consecutive psychotherapy sessions. Sudden gains (i.e., large improvements in symptom severity) seem to be associated with better treatment outcomes and have thus received considerable attention in clinical psychology over the last 2 decades. However, simulation studies indicate that the most common approach used to detect sudden gains is prone to misclassifications, implying that sudden gain research might be hindered by false positive and false negative findings. Although other sudden gain detection approaches exist, their performance has not yet been investigated and compared to the conventional method. To close this gap, we conducted a simulation study comparing the performance of the conventional approach and four alternative sudden gain detection approaches depending on the type of symptom trajectory, the number of measurements, the reliability of the measurement scores, and the amount of fluctuation around the trajectories. We found that all five detection approaches performed well in the simulation condition with nearly no variability (i.e., low reliability and small fluctuations). However, in conditions with medium or high variability in the data, all detection methods performed poorly. These results suggest that future studies should investigate further potential methods to detect sudden gains and/or examine ways to improve existing methods, such as by considering measurement error. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
突增和突减是指在连续两次心理治疗之间,症状严重程度突然发生的巨大变化。突发性增益(即症状严重程度的大幅改善)似乎与更好的治疗效果有关,因此在过去的二十年里受到了临床心理学界的广泛关注。然而,模拟研究表明,用于检测突发性增益的最常用方法容易出现分类错误,这意味着突发性增益研究可能会受到假阳性和假阴性结果的阻碍。虽然存在其他突增检测方法,但尚未对其性能进行研究,也未将其与传统方法进行比较。为了缩小这一差距,我们进行了一项模拟研究,根据症状轨迹的类型、测量次数、测量分数的可靠性以及轨迹周围的波动量,比较了传统方法和四种可供选择的突增检测方法的性能。我们发现,在几乎没有变化的模拟条件下(即可靠性低、波动小),所有五种检测方法都表现良好。然而,在数据具有中等或高变异性的条件下,所有检测方法都表现不佳。这些结果表明,未来的研究应进一步探究检测突发性增益的潜在方法和/或研究改进现有方法的方法,如考虑测量误差。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Living up to expectations? A simulation study evaluating methods used to detect sudden gains and sudden losses.","authors":"Theresa Eckes, Marie Salditt, Steffen Nestler","doi":"10.1037/pas0001334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sudden gains and sudden losses are abrupt, large changes in symptom severity between two consecutive psychotherapy sessions. Sudden gains (i.e., large improvements in symptom severity) seem to be associated with better treatment outcomes and have thus received considerable attention in clinical psychology over the last 2 decades. However, simulation studies indicate that the most common approach used to detect sudden gains is prone to misclassifications, implying that sudden gain research might be hindered by false positive and false negative findings. Although other sudden gain detection approaches exist, their performance has not yet been investigated and compared to the conventional method. To close this gap, we conducted a simulation study comparing the performance of the conventional approach and four alternative sudden gain detection approaches depending on the type of symptom trajectory, the number of measurements, the reliability of the measurement scores, and the amount of fluctuation around the trajectories. We found that all five detection approaches performed well in the simulation condition with nearly no variability (i.e., low reliability and small fluctuations). However, in conditions with medium or high variability in the data, all detection methods performed poorly. These results suggest that future studies should investigate further potential methods to detect sudden gains and/or examine ways to improve existing methods, such as by considering measurement error. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander W Sokolovsky, Rachel L Gunn, Andrea M Wycoff, Holly K Boyle, Helene R White, Kristina M Jackson
Research on real-world patterns of substance use increasingly involves intensive longitudinal data (ILD) collection, requiring long assessment windows. The present study extends limited prior research examining event- and person-level influences on compliance and response consistency by investigating how these behaviors are sustained over time in an ILD study of alcohol and cannabis co-use in college students. Participants (n = 316) completed two 28-day bursts of ILD comprising five daily surveys, which included a morning survey of prior-day drinking. We used linear mixed effects models in a multilevel interrupted time series framework to evaluate the associations of time and measurement burst with (a) noncompliance (count of missed surveys) and (b) response consistency (difference between same-day report of drinking and morning report of prior-day drinking). We observed that time was positively associated with noncompliance, with no discontinuity associated with measurement burst. The slope of time was more positive in the second burst. Neither time nor measurement burst were significantly associated with consistent reporting. However, survey nonresponse and consistency of responding appeared to be impacted by the same-day use of substances. Overall, compliance decreased while consistency was stable across the duration of a lengthy ILD protocol. Shorter assessment windows or adaptive prompting strategies may improve overall study compliance. Further work examining daily burden and context is needed to inform future ILD design. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Compliance and response consistency in a lengthy intensive longitudinal data protocol.","authors":"Alexander W Sokolovsky, Rachel L Gunn, Andrea M Wycoff, Holly K Boyle, Helene R White, Kristina M Jackson","doi":"10.1037/pas0001332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on real-world patterns of substance use increasingly involves intensive longitudinal data (ILD) collection, requiring long assessment windows. The present study extends limited prior research examining event- and person-level influences on compliance and response consistency by investigating how these behaviors are sustained over time in an ILD study of alcohol and cannabis co-use in college students. Participants (<i>n</i> = 316) completed two 28-day bursts of ILD comprising five daily surveys, which included a morning survey of prior-day drinking. We used linear mixed effects models in a multilevel interrupted time series framework to evaluate the associations of time and measurement burst with (a) noncompliance (count of missed surveys) and (b) response consistency (difference between same-day report of drinking and morning report of prior-day drinking). We observed that time was positively associated with noncompliance, with no discontinuity associated with measurement burst. The slope of time was more positive in the second burst. Neither time nor measurement burst were significantly associated with consistent reporting. However, survey nonresponse and consistency of responding appeared to be impacted by the same-day use of substances. Overall, compliance decreased while consistency was stable across the duration of a lengthy ILD protocol. Shorter assessment windows or adaptive prompting strategies may improve overall study compliance. Further work examining daily burden and context is needed to inform future ILD design. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erica M LaFata, Kate Worwag, Karly Derrigo, Chloe Hessler, Kelly C Allison, Adrienne S Juarascio, Ashley N Gearhardt
Prior research on ultra-processed food addiction (FA) has utilized the self-report Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) measures to identify individuals who experience indicators of substance-use disorders with respect to their consumption of ultra-processed foods. Studies using the YFAS have provided insight into the clinical utility of FA as both a distinct construct and an indicator of more severe psychopathology among individuals with eating disorders. However, the absence of clinician-administered assessment tools for FA has been identified as a barrier to the evaluation of FA as a novel clinical syndrome. Thus, the present study reflects the development of the Food Addiction Symptom Inventory (FASI), a clinician-administered assessment of FA, adapted from the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth editon modules for diagnosing substance-use disorders. The psychometric properties of the FASI and its concordance with the YFAS 2.0 were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of adults (n = 53) with binge-type eating disorders. The FASI performed appropriately on indices of reliability and validity. Concordance between the FASI and YFAS 2.0 was established for the symptom scores (r = .53, p < .001), and > 70% agreement was achieved for FA categorization. Using the FASI, 80% of individuals with bulimia nervosa and 91.7% of those with binge eating disorder were identified as exhibiting FA. While the YFAS 2.0 and FASI both lead to similar assessments of FA symptoms, the FASI provides an essential approach for clinician-guided identification of this phenotype, which may be particularly important when participants have high levels of dietary restraint or limited insight into the impact of their eating behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
之前关于超加工食品成瘾(FA)的研究采用了耶鲁食品成瘾量表(YFAS)的自我报告方法,以确定在超加工食品消费方面出现药物使用障碍指标的个体。使用耶鲁食物成瘾量表进行的研究使人们深入了解了食物成瘾的临床实用性,它既是一种独特的结构,也是饮食失调患者更严重精神病理学的指标。然而,缺乏由临床医生操作的 FA 评估工具被认为是评估 FA 这一新型临床综合征的一个障碍。因此,本研究开发了 "食物成瘾症状量表"(FASI),这是一种由临床医生管理的 FA 评估工具,改编自《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版中用于诊断药物滥用障碍的结构化临床访谈模块。在一项针对暴饮暴食型进食障碍成人(53 人)的横断面研究中,对 FASI 的心理计量特性及其与 YFAS 2.0 的一致性进行了评估。FASI 在信度和效度方面均表现适当。FASI 和 YFAS 2.0 在症状评分方面具有一致性(r = .53,p < .001),在 FA 分类方面的一致性大于 70%。使用 FASI,80% 的神经性贪食症患者和 91.7% 的暴饮暴食症患者被确定为有 FA 表现。虽然 YFAS 2.0 和 FASI 对 FA 症状的评估结果相似,但 FASI 为临床医生指导识别这种表型提供了一种重要方法,当参与者对饮食有高度克制或对其饮食行为的影响认识有限时,这种方法可能尤为重要。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Development of the Food Addiction Symptom Inventory: The first clinical interview to assess ultra-processed food addiction.","authors":"Erica M LaFata, Kate Worwag, Karly Derrigo, Chloe Hessler, Kelly C Allison, Adrienne S Juarascio, Ashley N Gearhardt","doi":"10.1037/pas0001340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research on ultra-processed food addiction (FA) has utilized the self-report Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) measures to identify individuals who experience indicators of substance-use disorders with respect to their consumption of ultra-processed foods. Studies using the YFAS have provided insight into the clinical utility of FA as both a distinct construct and an indicator of more severe psychopathology among individuals with eating disorders. However, the absence of clinician-administered assessment tools for FA has been identified as a barrier to the evaluation of FA as a novel clinical syndrome. Thus, the present study reflects the development of the Food Addiction Symptom Inventory (FASI), a clinician-administered assessment of FA, adapted from the Structured Clinical Interview for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth editon</i> modules for diagnosing substance-use disorders. The psychometric properties of the FASI and its concordance with the YFAS 2.0 were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of adults (<i>n</i> = 53) with binge-type eating disorders. The FASI performed appropriately on indices of reliability and validity. Concordance between the FASI and YFAS 2.0 was established for the symptom scores (<i>r</i> = .53, <i>p</i> < .001), and > 70% agreement was achieved for FA categorization. Using the FASI, 80% of individuals with bulimia nervosa and 91.7% of those with binge eating disorder were identified as exhibiting FA. While the YFAS 2.0 and FASI both lead to similar assessments of FA symptoms, the FASI provides an essential approach for clinician-guided identification of this phenotype, which may be particularly important when participants have high levels of dietary restraint or limited insight into the impact of their eating behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacqueline M Caemmerer, Johanna M deLeyer-Tiarks, Brittany A Dale, Emily L Winter, Natalie R Charamut, Audrey M Scudder, Emily C Peters, Melissa A Bray, Alan S Kaufman
This study tested the assumption that the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition (Bayley-4) functions similarly for boys and girls and for four age groups. The Bayley-4 American norming sample of 1,700 children ages 0-42 months (3.5 years) was used, which included 50% boys and girls. Fifty-three percent of the children identified as White, 22.1% as Hispanic, 12.5% as Black, 8.5% as other, and 4.0% as Asian. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the three-factor structure of cognitive, language, and motor abilities fit the data well (comparative fit index = .99, root-mean-square of error of approximation = .08, standardized root-mean-square residual = .02) and fit significantly better than the two- and one-factor models. The correlations between the latent factors were moderate (r = .73) to large sized (r = .81). Measurement and structural invariance were tested for boys and girls and four age groups (0-5, 6-13, 14-25, and 26-42 months). Residual invariance was supported for girls and boys, and intercept invariance was supported for the four age groups. The measurement invariance results suggest the Bayley-4 is not biased toward these gender and age groups, and group comparisons and decision making can be made with the Bayley-4 scores. Structural invariance findings suggested some differences for gender and age groups. The relations between the cognitive, language, and motor factors and factor variances were equal across girls and boys but differed significantly across the four age groups. Girls scored significantly higher on the three latent means, but these differences were small to negligible. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Does the Bayley-4 measure the same constructs across girls and boys and infants, toddlers, and preschoolers?","authors":"Jacqueline M Caemmerer, Johanna M deLeyer-Tiarks, Brittany A Dale, Emily L Winter, Natalie R Charamut, Audrey M Scudder, Emily C Peters, Melissa A Bray, Alan S Kaufman","doi":"10.1037/pas0001337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested the assumption that the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition (Bayley-4) functions similarly for boys and girls and for four age groups. The Bayley-4 American norming sample of 1,700 children ages 0-42 months (3.5 years) was used, which included 50% boys and girls. Fifty-three percent of the children identified as White, 22.1% as Hispanic, 12.5% as Black, 8.5% as other, and 4.0% as Asian. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the three-factor structure of cognitive, language, and motor abilities fit the data well (comparative fit index = .99, root-mean-square of error of approximation = .08, standardized root-mean-square residual = .02) and fit significantly better than the two- and one-factor models. The correlations between the latent factors were moderate (<i>r</i> = .73) to large sized (<i>r</i> = .81). Measurement and structural invariance were tested for boys and girls and four age groups (0-5, 6-13, 14-25, and 26-42 months). Residual invariance was supported for girls and boys, and intercept invariance was supported for the four age groups. The measurement invariance results suggest the Bayley-4 is not biased toward these gender and age groups, and group comparisons and decision making can be made with the Bayley-4 scores. Structural invariance findings suggested some differences for gender and age groups. The relations between the cognitive, language, and motor factors and factor variances were equal across girls and boys but differed significantly across the four age groups. Girls scored significantly higher on the three latent means, but these differences were small to negligible. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}