The possibility of detecting coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances with combined microwave and HF modulation of the injection current of a diode laser has been demonstrated for the first time. A series of resonances is observed, separated from each other by half the RF modulation frequency.
{"title":"CPT resonances under multifrequency pumping","authors":"K. Savinov, A. K. Dmitriev, A. V. Krivetskii","doi":"10.1070/qel17977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17977","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of detecting coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances with combined microwave and HF modulation of the injection current of a diode laser has been demonstrated for the first time. A series of resonances is observed, separated from each other by half the RF modulation frequency.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88579603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a study of a model of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for atoms 6Li in the field with configuration produced by the counterpropagating elliptically polarised waves, which are in resonance with the optical transition 2S1/2 → 2P3/2 (λ = 670.977 nm). The model takes into account hyperfine splitting of levels inside the natural linewidth of the optical transition. In contrast to a conventional MOT formed by counterpropagating circularly polarised waves (σ + – σ – configuration), the suggested MOT may provide a deeper sub-Doppler cooling of 6Li atoms.
{"title":"Magneto-optical trap for 6Li atoms formed by elliptically polarised light waves","authors":"R. Il’enkov, A. A. Kirpichnikova, O. Prudnikov","doi":"10.1070/QEL17974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17974","url":null,"abstract":"We report a study of a model of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for atoms 6Li in the field with configuration produced by the counterpropagating elliptically polarised waves, which are in resonance with the optical transition 2S1/2 → 2P3/2 (λ = 670.977 nm). The model takes into account hyperfine splitting of levels inside the natural linewidth of the optical transition. In contrast to a conventional MOT formed by counterpropagating circularly polarised waves (σ + – σ – configuration), the suggested MOT may provide a deeper sub-Doppler cooling of 6Li atoms.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90371683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Slipchenko, D. Romanovich, P. Gavrina, D. Veselov, T. Bagaev, M. Ladugin, A. Marmalyuk, N. Pikhtin
The characteristics of high-power semiconductor lasers with an 800 μm emitting aperture based on tunnel-coupled InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with three optically uncoupled laser sections are studied. The maximum power achieved under pumping by current pulses with an amplitude of 47 A and a duration of 1 μs is 110 W with the maximum active region heating not exceeding 4.7 °C. At a pulse duration of 860 μs, the maximum optical power is 22.6 W, and the decrease in the optical power to the pulse end reaches 6.7 %. A decrease in the laser pulse duration to 85 μs leads to an increase in the peak laser power to 41.4 W at a pump current amplitude of 20 A.
{"title":"High-power mesa-stripe semiconductor lasers (910 nm) with an ultra-wide emitting aperture based on tunnel-coupled InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures","authors":"S. Slipchenko, D. Romanovich, P. Gavrina, D. Veselov, T. Bagaev, M. Ladugin, A. Marmalyuk, N. Pikhtin","doi":"10.1070/QEL17986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17986","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of high-power semiconductor lasers with an 800 μm emitting aperture based on tunnel-coupled InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with three optically uncoupled laser sections are studied. The maximum power achieved under pumping by current pulses with an amplitude of 47 A and a duration of 1 μs is 110 W with the maximum active region heating not exceeding 4.7 °C. At a pulse duration of 860 μs, the maximum optical power is 22.6 W, and the decrease in the optical power to the pulse end reaches 6.7 %. A decrease in the laser pulse duration to 85 μs leads to an increase in the peak laser power to 41.4 W at a pump current amplitude of 20 A.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79711678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By the example of an optical gyroscope scheme, a new method for improving the accuracy of phase measurements is considered. In the rotation-recording Mach – Zehnder interferometer, a two-mode squeezed vacuum is used as an input state. This does not allow realising the traditional scheme, since the average value of the difference signal at the output is always zero. However, it is shown that information about the magnitude of the rotation angular velocity of the instrument reference frame is contained in the noise level of the difference signal. The possibility of reaching the Heisenberg limit of the measurement accuracy is demonstrated.
{"title":"Noise-oriented quantum optical gyrometry","authors":"I.I. Krasionov, L. V. Il’ichev","doi":"10.1070/QEL17979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17979","url":null,"abstract":"By the example of an optical gyroscope scheme, a new method for improving the accuracy of phase measurements is considered. In the rotation-recording Mach – Zehnder interferometer, a two-mode squeezed vacuum is used as an input state. This does not allow realising the traditional scheme, since the average value of the difference signal at the output is always zero. However, it is shown that information about the magnitude of the rotation angular velocity of the instrument reference frame is contained in the noise level of the difference signal. The possibility of reaching the Heisenberg limit of the measurement accuracy is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78261222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nesterov, O. Sokolovskaya, L. Golovan, D. Shuleiko, A. Kolchin, D. Presnov, P. Kashkarov, A. Khilov, D. Kurakina, M. Kirillin, E. Sergeeva, S. Zabotnov
The possibility of manufacturing silicon nanoparticles by picosecond laser fragmentation of silicon microparticles in water is analysed. It is shown that for fragmentation duration of 40 min, the dependence of the average sizes of particles on the initial mass concentration of the micropowder varied in the range of 0.5 – 12 mg mL−1 is nonmonotonic, with the maximum average size of 165 nm being achieved at a concentration of 5 mg mL−1. To explain the obtained result, the simulation of propagation of a focused laser beam in a scattering suspension of silicon microparticles is performed for their different mass concentrations. It is demonstrated that at concentrations not exceeding 5 mg mL−1, fragmentation occurs in the paraxial region of the beam when it propagates deep into the cuvette with a suspension, while at higher concentrations it occurs primarily in the superficial layer owing to strong extinction. Calculations results allow the experimental features of the formation of silicon nanoparticles to be explained. Spectrophotometry measurements on suspensions of nanoparticles obtained at the initial concentration of microparticles of 12 mg mL−1 are compared with the theoretical estimates of the absorption and scattering coefficients obtained in the framework of the Mie theory. Measured optical properties indicate the potential of using fragmented nanoparticles as scattering and/or absorbing contrast agents in optical imaging of biological objects.
{"title":"Laser fragmentation of silicon microparticles in liquids for solution of biophotonics problems","authors":"V. Nesterov, O. Sokolovskaya, L. Golovan, D. Shuleiko, A. Kolchin, D. Presnov, P. Kashkarov, A. Khilov, D. Kurakina, M. Kirillin, E. Sergeeva, S. Zabotnov","doi":"10.1070/QEL17984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17984","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of manufacturing silicon nanoparticles by picosecond laser fragmentation of silicon microparticles in water is analysed. It is shown that for fragmentation duration of 40 min, the dependence of the average sizes of particles on the initial mass concentration of the micropowder varied in the range of 0.5 – 12 mg mL−1 is nonmonotonic, with the maximum average size of 165 nm being achieved at a concentration of 5 mg mL−1. To explain the obtained result, the simulation of propagation of a focused laser beam in a scattering suspension of silicon microparticles is performed for their different mass concentrations. It is demonstrated that at concentrations not exceeding 5 mg mL−1, fragmentation occurs in the paraxial region of the beam when it propagates deep into the cuvette with a suspension, while at higher concentrations it occurs primarily in the superficial layer owing to strong extinction. Calculations results allow the experimental features of the formation of silicon nanoparticles to be explained. Spectrophotometry measurements on suspensions of nanoparticles obtained at the initial concentration of microparticles of 12 mg mL−1 are compared with the theoretical estimates of the absorption and scattering coefficients obtained in the framework of the Mie theory. Measured optical properties indicate the potential of using fragmented nanoparticles as scattering and/or absorbing contrast agents in optical imaging of biological objects.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74048652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Zakharov, V. Terekhin, I. Shaikhislamov, V. Posukh, P. Trushin, A. Chibranov, A. G. Berezutskii, M. Rumenskikh, M. Efimov
For the first time to solve the problems of laboratory modelling of cosmophysical phenomena of an explosive nature (active experiments of the AMPTE type, with barium injections into the magnetosphere), spherical laser plasma clouds (LPCs) were produced and applied (in experiments at the KI-1 test facility of the ILP SB RAS). Use was made of the classical four-beam scheme of irradiation (regular tetrahedron) of a polyethylene target ball (∅1 cm) by CO2 laser radiation with an energy of up to 500 J. A high degree of symmetry of the expansion of a near-spherical LPC with a moderate velocity of ∼100 km s−1 and an energy of up to 30 J has been achieved. The regimes of deceleration and formation of the spherical-LPC diamagnetic cavity were modelled for the first time, as well as the development of flute instability during the expansion of barium clouds across the geomagnetic field and the dynamics of these clouds along the field.
为了解决爆炸性质的宇宙物理现象的实验室建模问题(AMPTE型的主动实验，向磁层注入钡)，球形激光等离子体云(LPCs)被产生并应用(在ILP SB RAS的KI-1测试设施的实验中)。利用能量高达500 J的CO2激光辐射辐照(正四面体)聚乙烯靶球(∅1 cm)的经典四束方案，实现了中等速度为~ 100 km s−1、能量高达30 J的近球形LPC膨胀的高度对称性。首次模拟了球形lpc抗磁腔的减速和形成机制，以及钡云在地磁场中膨胀过程中槽不稳定性的发展以及这些云沿地磁场的动力学。
{"title":"Generation of spherical laser-plasma clouds for modelling three-dimensional dynamic effects of artificial plasma injections in circumterrestrial space","authors":"Y. Zakharov, V. Terekhin, I. Shaikhislamov, V. Posukh, P. Trushin, A. Chibranov, A. G. Berezutskii, M. Rumenskikh, M. Efimov","doi":"10.1070/QEL17983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17983","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time to solve the problems of laboratory modelling of cosmophysical phenomena of an explosive nature (active experiments of the AMPTE type, with barium injections into the magnetosphere), spherical laser plasma clouds (LPCs) were produced and applied (in experiments at the KI-1 test facility of the ILP SB RAS). Use was made of the classical four-beam scheme of irradiation (regular tetrahedron) of a polyethylene target ball (∅1 cm) by CO2 laser radiation with an energy of up to 500 J. A high degree of symmetry of the expansion of a near-spherical LPC with a moderate velocity of ∼100 km s−1 and an energy of up to 30 J has been achieved. The regimes of deceleration and formation of the spherical-LPC diamagnetic cavity were modelled for the first time, as well as the development of flute instability during the expansion of barium clouds across the geomagnetic field and the dynamics of these clouds along the field.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82460553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A tunable radiation source based on an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), generating light with a wavelength of ∼2.1 μm in a near-degenerate regime, is developed. The use of a volume Bragg grating (VBG) as a selective element makes it possible to reduce significantly (by a factor of more than 180) the radiation linewidth. Wavelength tuning from 2050 to 2117 nm for the signal wave and from 2140 to 2208 nm for the idler wave is demonstrated. The maximum average OPO output power is found to be 617 mW (123 μJ), which corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 10 %. The use of a VBG provides a fundamental possibility of designing a pump source with a small linewidth (of no more than 1 nm) and smooth wavelength tuning in a desired range for frequency converters based on non-oxide nonlinear crystals generating mid-IR light (5 – 15 μm).
{"title":"Radiation source based on an optical parametric oscillator with MgO : PPLN crystal and volume Bragg grating, tunable in ranges of 2050 – 2117 and 2140 – 2208 nm","authors":"N. Kostyukova, E. Erushin, A. Boyko, D. Kolker","doi":"10.1070/QEL17981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17981","url":null,"abstract":"A tunable radiation source based on an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), generating light with a wavelength of ∼2.1 μm in a near-degenerate regime, is developed. The use of a volume Bragg grating (VBG) as a selective element makes it possible to reduce significantly (by a factor of more than 180) the radiation linewidth. Wavelength tuning from 2050 to 2117 nm for the signal wave and from 2140 to 2208 nm for the idler wave is demonstrated. The maximum average OPO output power is found to be 617 mW (123 μJ), which corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 10 %. The use of a VBG provides a fundamental possibility of designing a pump source with a small linewidth (of no more than 1 nm) and smooth wavelength tuning in a desired range for frequency converters based on non-oxide nonlinear crystals generating mid-IR light (5 – 15 μm).","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74334345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Volkov, K. Telegin, N.V. Gultikov, D. R. Sabitov, A. Andreev, I. Yarotskaya, A. Padalitsa, M. Ladugin, A. Marmalyuk, L. Shestak, A. A. Kozyrev, V. Panarin
The purpose of this work is to improve the current – voltage (I – V) performance of semiconductor lasers based on broadened asymmetric waveguide InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs separate-confinement double heterostructures. We analyse the effect of AlGaAs waveguide layer composition on the output characteristics of the lasers and demonstrate that the decrease in the series resistance of the lasers and the threshold voltage of their I – V characteristic as a result of a decrease in the percentage of AlAs in the waveguide layers shifts the drop in the differential quantum efficiency of the lasers to higher pump currents, despite the decrease in the energy depth of the quantum wells in the active region.
{"title":"Improvement of the current – voltage performance of broadened asymmetric waveguide InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor lasers (λ = 940 – 980 nm)","authors":"N. Volkov, K. Telegin, N.V. Gultikov, D. R. Sabitov, A. Andreev, I. Yarotskaya, A. Padalitsa, M. Ladugin, A. Marmalyuk, L. Shestak, A. A. Kozyrev, V. Panarin","doi":"10.1070/QEL17987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL17987","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to improve the current – voltage (I – V) performance of semiconductor lasers based on broadened asymmetric waveguide InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs separate-confinement double heterostructures. We analyse the effect of AlGaAs waveguide layer composition on the output characteristics of the lasers and demonstrate that the decrease in the series resistance of the lasers and the threshold voltage of their I – V characteristic as a result of a decrease in the percentage of AlAs in the waveguide layers shifts the drop in the differential quantum efficiency of the lasers to higher pump currents, despite the decrease in the energy depth of the quantum wells in the active region.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78965239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Priezzhev, V. V. Tuchin, A. Lugovtsov, M. Kirillin
{"title":"Works on laser biophotonics","authors":"A. Priezzhev, V. V. Tuchin, A. Lugovtsov, M. Kirillin","doi":"10.1070/qel17957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81686507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Barmina, V. D. Kobtsev, S. Kostritsa, S. Orlov, V. Smirnov, M. I. Zhilnikova, O. Uvarov, G. A. Shafeev
We report an analysis of diffusive combustion in oxygen of a composite fuel formed by the addition of aluminium nanoparticles (NPs) to isopropanol. The process of obtaining Al NPs consisted in laser fragmentation of initially large industrial NPs using radiation of a pulsed nanosecond neodymium laser. The size distribution of Al NPs was determined using a measuring disk centrifuge. The average nanoparticle size was 20 nm, which is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy data. A diagnostic system based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) was used to experimentally study the diffusive combustion of composite fuel. The temperature distributions were measured in two mutually orthogonal directions (along the flame and in the transverse direction) in pure isopropanol and in isopropanol with the addition of 0.15 wt % of Al nanoparticles.
{"title":"Laser synthesis of nanocomposite hydrocarbon fuel and CARS diagnostics of its combustion flame","authors":"E. Barmina, V. D. Kobtsev, S. Kostritsa, S. Orlov, V. Smirnov, M. I. Zhilnikova, O. Uvarov, G. A. Shafeev","doi":"10.1070/qel17972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1070/qel17972","url":null,"abstract":"We report an analysis of diffusive combustion in oxygen of a composite fuel formed by the addition of aluminium nanoparticles (NPs) to isopropanol. The process of obtaining Al NPs consisted in laser fragmentation of initially large industrial NPs using radiation of a pulsed nanosecond neodymium laser. The size distribution of Al NPs was determined using a measuring disk centrifuge. The average nanoparticle size was 20 nm, which is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy data. A diagnostic system based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) was used to experimentally study the diffusive combustion of composite fuel. The temperature distributions were measured in two mutually orthogonal directions (along the flame and in the transverse direction) in pure isopropanol and in isopropanol with the addition of 0.15 wt % of Al nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":20775,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79484829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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