Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180272
Ann H. Mahmood, Hana Mahmood
A new, sensitive spectrophotometric determination of meropenem (MRP) the broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic has been suggested using p-aminobiphenyl amine reagent and periodate in 6M HCl media to form one to one blue color complex with maximum peak at 716nm.The reaction is carried out at room temperature, Beer’s law is followed from 10 to 125 µg/mL, the molar absorptivity is 1265.22 L/mole.cm., LOD, LOQ are 0.0202, and 0.0673 ppm respectively, the method has been applied for estimation of MRP in vials with high accuracy (error % 0.0106) and good precision (RSD % ±0.0319)
{"title":"A new Spectrophotometric Approach for Determination of Meropenem in Pharmaceutical Formulation","authors":"Ann H. Mahmood, Hana Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180272","url":null,"abstract":"A new, sensitive spectrophotometric determination of meropenem (MRP) the broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic has been suggested using p-aminobiphenyl amine reagent and periodate in 6M HCl media to form one to one blue color complex with maximum peak at 716nm.The reaction is carried out at room temperature, Beer’s law is followed from 10 to 125 µg/mL, the molar absorptivity is 1265.22 L/mole.cm., LOD, LOQ are 0.0202, and 0.0673 ppm respectively, the method has been applied for estimation of MRP in vials with high accuracy (error % 0.0106) and good precision (RSD % ±0.0319)","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82797777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180273
Thukaa Abdulrazzaq, S. Sultan
A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of sulfacetamide sodium in an aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of N,N-diethyl-p-phenelenediamine with sulfacetamide sodium in the presence of potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent in an acidic medium to form a violet-colored product, which has a maximum absorbance at 546 nm. Beer׳s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1.25-75 µg.ml -1 of sulfacetamide sodium, with a molar absorptivity of 0.76×10 4 L.mol -1 .cm -1 and sandell , s sensitivity value of 0.03344 μg.cm -2 .The relative error values are in between-2.01 and -0.14 while the relative standard deviation values are in between 0.34 and 1.55. The proposed method was applied successfully to assay sulfacetamide sodium in its pharmaceutical preparations as eye drops and ointment.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Estimation of Sulfacetamide Sodium Using N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine Reagent","authors":"Thukaa Abdulrazzaq, S. Sultan","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180273","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of sulfacetamide sodium in an aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of N,N-diethyl-p-phenelenediamine with sulfacetamide sodium in the presence of potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent in an acidic medium to form a violet-colored product, which has a maximum absorbance at 546 nm. Beer׳s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1.25-75 µg.ml -1 of sulfacetamide sodium, with a molar absorptivity of 0.76×10 4 L.mol -1 .cm -1 and sandell , s sensitivity value of 0.03344 μg.cm -2 .The relative error values are in between-2.01 and -0.14 while the relative standard deviation values are in between 0.34 and 1.55. The proposed method was applied successfully to assay sulfacetamide sodium in its pharmaceutical preparations as eye drops and ointment.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81872269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180288
Hazim Ibrahim, E. Alsammak
Twenty hundred and fifty clinical samples were collected from different clinical sources for patients of both sexes for the period from October 2021 to May 2022. These samples were obtained from several hospitals in Mosul city (Al-Jumhouri Teaching Hospital, Al-Salam Teaching Hospital, Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital, Mosul specialized center for burns and surgery aesthetics and Fayda health center). Out of 250 samples, 47 samples showed no growth at a rate of 18.8
{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Species Isolated from Different Clinical Sources","authors":"Hazim Ibrahim, E. Alsammak","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180288","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty hundred and fifty clinical samples were collected from different clinical sources for patients of both sexes for the period from October 2021 to May 2022. These samples were obtained from several hospitals in Mosul city (Al-Jumhouri Teaching Hospital, Al-Salam Teaching Hospital, Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital, Mosul specialized center for burns and surgery aesthetics and Fayda health center). Out of 250 samples, 47 samples showed no growth at a rate of 18.8","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81877806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180287
Nasser Al-Hayaly, Shaimaa Ali
{"title":"Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Different uses at the Kharab Bazar Village in Al-Baaj District of Nineveh Governorate","authors":"Nasser Al-Hayaly, Shaimaa Ali","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78504415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180286
Baraa R. Mohammed, Muneef A. Mustafa
{"title":"Fumigant Toxicity and Repellent Effect of Propolis Oil Against Adults and Third Instar Larvae of Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Baraa R. Mohammed, Muneef A. Mustafa","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77224627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180271
Qasim Al-Dobardani, A. AL-Rawi, Khairul Radzun
The current study aimed to highlight the relationship of Enterococcus faecalis with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) as an uncommon cause of this infection. Thirty samples of urethral swabs were collected from male patients diagnosed by the specialist physician with sexually transmitted diseases according to clinical signs and history of the disease. The swabs were inoculated on the medium of blood and chocolate agar and diagnosed by classical methods, then confirmed using vitek-2 technique. The incidence of E. faecalis isolates was 16.6%. This study also dealt with investigation of antibiotic resistanceoofobacteriaotoovancomycin,olevofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline depending on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using vitek-2 compact system, and the results showed that 20 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 % of isolates were resistant to vancomycin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline respectively. This study concluded the existence of a relationship between this bacterium and STD by isolating it as the only cause in hypersexuality patients.
{"title":"Enterococcus faecalis a Major Cause of STD: A New Evidence","authors":"Qasim Al-Dobardani, A. AL-Rawi, Khairul Radzun","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180271","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to highlight the relationship of Enterococcus faecalis with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) as an uncommon cause of this infection. Thirty samples of urethral swabs were collected from male patients diagnosed by the specialist physician with sexually transmitted diseases according to clinical signs and history of the disease. The swabs were inoculated on the medium of blood and chocolate agar and diagnosed by classical methods, then confirmed using vitek-2 technique. The incidence of E. faecalis isolates was 16.6%. This study also dealt with investigation of antibiotic resistanceoofobacteriaotoovancomycin,olevofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline depending on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using vitek-2 compact system, and the results showed that 20 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 % of isolates were resistant to vancomycin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline respectively. This study concluded the existence of a relationship between this bacterium and STD by isolating it as the only cause in hypersexuality patients.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73418414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180275
S. Saied, Mohanad Saleh, Salim Mohammed
Oxidation of inactive prodrug (that their mode of action is not via linkage carrier, but occur through modification of their molecules which are called the bio precursor) to active parent drug design is generally via the methods modification strategies that aim to improve the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs such as increases bioavailability, water solubility and/or duration of action. These prodrugs need metabolically or chemical transformation reactions to change to their active drugs, these chemical reactions are generally formed by phase I reactions through proton activation, elimination activation, oxidative activation, reductive activation and phosphorylation activation or decarboxylation activation. The goal of this review is to study the up-to-date advances in the prodrug’s oxidative activation such as N-and O-oxidative dealkylation, oxidative deamination, N-oxidative and S-oxidative important strategies to produce the parents’ active drugs. Oxidation reactions are of great importance and most cancerous diseases begin with these reactions.
{"title":"Oxidation: The Most Common Pathway for the Pro-drugs Bio Precursors Activation","authors":"S. Saied, Mohanad Saleh, Salim Mohammed","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180275","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidation of inactive prodrug (that their mode of action is not via linkage carrier, but occur through modification of their molecules which are called the bio precursor) to active parent drug design is generally via the methods modification strategies that aim to improve the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs such as increases bioavailability, water solubility and/or duration of action. These prodrugs need metabolically or chemical transformation reactions to change to their active drugs, these chemical reactions are generally formed by phase I reactions through proton activation, elimination activation, oxidative activation, reductive activation and phosphorylation activation or decarboxylation activation. The goal of this review is to study the up-to-date advances in the prodrug’s oxidative activation such as N-and O-oxidative dealkylation, oxidative deamination, N-oxidative and S-oxidative important strategies to produce the parents’ active drugs. Oxidation reactions are of great importance and most cancerous diseases begin with these reactions.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78730944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180289
Saba M. Alasalli, Ihsan Mustafa
{"title":"Preparation and Study of a Number of Divalent Metal Complexes with the Ligand 2--Hydroxyphthalic Acid","authors":"Saba M. Alasalli, Ihsan Mustafa","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81675355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180291
Mohammed idrees kanaan albayati, Abdullah I. M. Alabdullah
Electrostatic lenses are designed using an array of electrodes with cylindrical apertures precisely arranged on a line of symmetry. In this research, four cylindrical three-electrode electrostatic lenses were designed, three of them with unusual geometric shapes and one with a traditional geometric shape, as the same electrical voltages and the same geometric parameters were applied to all the proposed lenses in both acceleration and deceleration modes. The optical properties of each lens designed in acceleration and deceleration modes were calculated to show the extent to which linear magnification is affected by the geometry of electrostatic lenses, and the results were compared between the proposed lenses. As the results prove that the electrostatic lens geometry has an important effect in increasing or decreasing the linear magnification range, the best lens is selected from among the four designed lenses based on its optical performance. It was found that the lens with the concave inner surface of the electrode has the best optical performance of the rest of the lenses, which shows that the concavity of the inner surface of the electrode has a direct effect on the properties of electrostatic lenses. Which lens' has the largest linear magnification range (1.0-2.4) and (1.4-3.74), respectively, in both acceleration and deceleration modes. The calculations were made using the program (SIMION8.0).
{"title":"Study of the Effect Range on Linear Magnification in the Change of the Different Geometry of Cylindrical Electrostatic Lenses of Three-electrode","authors":"Mohammed idrees kanaan albayati, Abdullah I. M. Alabdullah","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180291","url":null,"abstract":"Electrostatic lenses are designed using an array of electrodes with cylindrical apertures precisely arranged on a line of symmetry. In this research, four cylindrical three-electrode electrostatic lenses were designed, three of them with unusual geometric shapes and one with a traditional geometric shape, as the same electrical voltages and the same geometric parameters were applied to all the proposed lenses in both acceleration and deceleration modes. The optical properties of each lens designed in acceleration and deceleration modes were calculated to show the extent to which linear magnification is affected by the geometry of electrostatic lenses, and the results were compared between the proposed lenses. As the results prove that the electrostatic lens geometry has an important effect in increasing or decreasing the linear magnification range, the best lens is selected from among the four designed lenses based on its optical performance. It was found that the lens with the concave inner surface of the electrode has the best optical performance of the rest of the lenses, which shows that the concavity of the inner surface of the electrode has a direct effect on the properties of electrostatic lenses. Which lens' has the largest linear magnification range (1.0-2.4) and (1.4-3.74), respectively, in both acceleration and deceleration modes. The calculations were made using the program (SIMION8.0).","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76388818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180290
Neam Awanees Samuel Derdrian, Mohammed K. Zeki, Abdullah I. M. Alabdullah
The dipole region is one of the most important factors in determining the effectiveness of a magnetic lens. The optimum position of the pole and the most important aspect of magnetic electron lenses are the iron covers, which are used to study the concentrations and optical properties of the display devices, where the magnetic field increases smoothly and uniformly at the highest possible value and with only one peak. The main objective of this study is to determine and reach a relationship between the length of the tip of the iron arm relative to the length of the axial magnetic pole (Z), where the pole tip was chosen at (Z = 0 mm). In practice, it was observed that the optical properties of the electron lenses showed a significant improvement when the length of the tip of the iron arm and the length of the magnetic pole were changed. The opposite of the coil as it was noted that it is possible to increase its performance by removing or reducing the magnetic flux leakage so that the axial magnetic field will then rise inside the lens in a direction that prevents its loss. The designers’ choice is when preparing the lens along the iron arm based on extensive studies and choosing an appropriate length of the pole that determines the desired function of the lens or what is known as the optical system. In this work, a relationship was established between the length of the electrode and the length of the iron arm, and FEMM and MELOP programs were used to verify the performance of the lens, the axial magnetic field as well as the focal optical properties.
{"title":"The Relationship Between the Lengths of the Pole and the Iron Arm in the Design of the Electronic Magnetic Snorkel- Lens","authors":"Neam Awanees Samuel Derdrian, Mohammed K. Zeki, Abdullah I. M. Alabdullah","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180290","url":null,"abstract":"The dipole region is one of the most important factors in determining the effectiveness of a magnetic lens. The optimum position of the pole and the most important aspect of magnetic electron lenses are the iron covers, which are used to study the concentrations and optical properties of the display devices, where the magnetic field increases smoothly and uniformly at the highest possible value and with only one peak. The main objective of this study is to determine and reach a relationship between the length of the tip of the iron arm relative to the length of the axial magnetic pole (Z), where the pole tip was chosen at (Z = 0 mm). In practice, it was observed that the optical properties of the electron lenses showed a significant improvement when the length of the tip of the iron arm and the length of the magnetic pole were changed. The opposite of the coil as it was noted that it is possible to increase its performance by removing or reducing the magnetic flux leakage so that the axial magnetic field will then rise inside the lens in a direction that prevents its loss. The designers’ choice is when preparing the lens along the iron arm based on extensive studies and choosing an appropriate length of the pole that determines the desired function of the lens or what is known as the optical system. In this work, a relationship was established between the length of the electrode and the length of the iron arm, and FEMM and MELOP programs were used to verify the performance of the lens, the axial magnetic field as well as the focal optical properties.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73365900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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