Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182834
Omar Yahya
In this paper, the ester (2) was prepared by reacting 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid with methyl alcohol and using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst in this reaction, which, when reacted with hydrazine hydrate, obtained acid hydrazide. (3), under reflux conditions with dimethyl sulfoxide and at solvent temperature, the compound 4-amino-3,5-bis-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-1,2,4-triazole was obtained (4). It was obtained and used to prepare a series of new Schiff bases (5a-e) through their reaction with different substitutes of benzaldehyde. The completeness and purity of all the prepared compounds were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and showed some physical and spectroscopic properties, namely (FT -IR 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). In addition, the biological activity of the prepared compounds was studied, and their effectiveness against different types of bacteria such as Bacillus, Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus was discussed. Studies of mainly fungi and bacteria have shown good efficacy against the mentioned species using disc diffusion technology.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Study Biological Activity of Substituted 4-Amino -3,5-Bis (2,4-dichloro phenoxy)-1,2,4-Triazole","authors":"Omar Yahya","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182834","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the ester (2) was prepared by reacting 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid with methyl alcohol and using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst in this reaction, which, when reacted with hydrazine hydrate, obtained acid hydrazide. (3), under reflux conditions with dimethyl sulfoxide and at solvent temperature, the compound 4-amino-3,5-bis-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-1,2,4-triazole was obtained (4). It was obtained and used to prepare a series of new Schiff bases (5a-e) through their reaction with different substitutes of benzaldehyde. The completeness and purity of all the prepared compounds were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and showed some physical and spectroscopic properties, namely (FT -IR 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). In addition, the biological activity of the prepared compounds was studied, and their effectiveness against different types of bacteria such as Bacillus, Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus was discussed. Studies of mainly fungi and bacteria have shown good efficacy against the mentioned species using disc diffusion technology.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182836
Maher Abdullah
The transport properties of several carbon nanoparticle derivatives, including single-layer nanotubes and bi-layer graphene, under an external constant electric field, are investigated. Results were analyzed and identified as a function of the quasi-classical approximation of relaxation time by using the Boltzmann kinetic equations. These approaches have been used to obtain the relationships between the electric conductivity σ( E ) and electrons diffusion coefficient D ( E ) in carbon nanostructures. This study proves that when the temperature rises the electrical conductivity σ( E ) decreases for both single-layer and bi-layer carbon nanostructures. For a wide range of temperatures, the electrical conductivity σ (E) behavior of the studied nanoparticles is nonlinearly dependent on the magnitude of the external electric field ( E ). In contrast, the electron diffusion coefficient D ( E ) is independent of temperature for both single-and bi-layers. It also shows that the intensity of an external electric field possesses a nonlinear influence on the electron diffusion coefficient.
研究了单层纳米管和双层石墨烯等几种碳纳米粒子衍生物在外部恒定电场下的传输特性。利用玻尔兹曼动力学方程分析并确定了结果与弛豫时间准经典近似值的函数关系。这些方法被用来获得碳纳米结构中电导率 σ( E ) 和电子扩散系数 D ( E ) 之间的关系。这项研究证明，当温度升高时，单层和双层碳纳米结构的导电率 σ( E ) 都会降低。在很宽的温度范围内，所研究纳米粒子的电导率σ（E）行为与外部电场（E）的大小呈非线性关系。相反，单层和双层的电子扩散系数 D ( E ) 与温度无关。这也表明外电场强度对电子扩散系数具有非线性影响。
{"title":"Theoretical Investigation on Transportance for Single-Walled Nanotubes, and Bi-Layer Graphene","authors":"Maher Abdullah","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182836","url":null,"abstract":"The transport properties of several carbon nanoparticle derivatives, including single-layer nanotubes and bi-layer graphene, under an external constant electric field, are investigated. Results were analyzed and identified as a function of the quasi-classical approximation of relaxation time by using the Boltzmann kinetic equations. These approaches have been used to obtain the relationships between the electric conductivity σ( E ) and electrons diffusion coefficient D ( E ) in carbon nanostructures. This study proves that when the temperature rises the electrical conductivity σ( E ) decreases for both single-layer and bi-layer carbon nanostructures. For a wide range of temperatures, the electrical conductivity σ (E) behavior of the studied nanoparticles is nonlinearly dependent on the magnitude of the external electric field ( E ). In contrast, the electron diffusion coefficient D ( E ) is independent of temperature for both single-and bi-layers. It also shows that the intensity of an external electric field possesses a nonlinear influence on the electron diffusion coefficient.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"22 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182828
Chijioke Ezenwelu, Kingsley Agu, Rita Ngwu, Joy Ogana, Emeka Oparaji
Peroxidases production was carried out from Aspergillus tamari isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon spilled soil. Physicochemical properties of the respective soil showed pH of 4.45 and 6.5 for soils from point 1 and II respectively and higher conductivity of 613 and 1013 (Ω -1 Cm -1) , respectively when compared with the control sample. Dissolved mineral of Cl - , SO 4 , K, Ca, Mg in the respective soil samples from the petroleum spilled sites were significantly high when compared with the control experiment except for soil sample I which showed a relative low phosphate concentration of 1.23 mg/g in the presence of the control experiment, respectively. TOC and TOM contents were 87.91, 119.04; 108.13 and 146.42 mg/g for soil sample I, and III, respectively. In all the tested parameters, the experimented soils were significantly high than the control soil sample. Molecular tests (18s rDNA.) was used to identify the pure isolate of fungus as Aspergillus tamarii. Studies on effect of incubation period on the production of peroxidase from strains of Aspergillus tamarrii sp. showed that the highest peroxidase activity was obtained on the day 6 th of the fermentation time; Peroxidase activity peaked at pH 5. Protein with highest peroxidase activity was peak precipitated at 60% saturation of the salt. The gel chroـmatogram showed single almost superimposed peaks of enzyme activity. Purified peroxidase activity peaked at pH 4.5. Optimum temperature for the enzyme activity was at 50 °C. Km and V max of 3.45mM and 280 μmole/min was extrapolated from the reciprocal curve of Lineweaver-burke at various concentrations of 2,6 DMP. Fe, Ca, Co and Mn selected as their notable impact in the active site of peroxidase guided the selected were assayed in the presence of the enzymes, respectively. The stability curve obtained for the peroxidases was single biphasic which represent the first order; the enzymes maintained greater than 50% of their activity after 30 min of incubation as activity progressively decreased upto to 40% after 60 min of incubation. Thermal stability of peroxidase at its optimum temperature (50) and at 70°C showed a biphasic stability curve. The enzymes maintained greater than 50% of their activity after 60 min of incubation.
从石油烃泄漏的土壤中分离出的 Tamari 曲霉产生了过氧化物酶。与对照样本相比，1 号点和 II 号点土壤的 pH 值分别为 4.45 和 6.5，电导率分别为 613 和 1013 (Ω -1 Cm -1) 。与对照实验相比，石油泄漏点各土壤样本中的 Cl -、SO 4、K、Ca、Mg 等溶解矿物质含量明显偏高，只有土壤样本 I 的磷酸盐含量相对较低，仅为 1.23 mg/g。土壤样品 I 和 III 的 TOC 和 TOM 含量分别为 87.91、119.04、108.13 和 146.42 mg/g。在所有测试参数中，实验土壤都明显高于对照土壤样本。通过分子检测（18s rDNA），确定纯分离的真菌为 Tamarii 曲霉。培养期对塔马瑞曲霉菌株产生过氧化物酶的影响研究表明，发酵第 6 天时过氧化物酶活性最高；过氧化物酶活性在 pH 值为 5 时达到峰值。凝胶络˙图显示酶活性的单峰几乎重叠。纯化的过氧化物酶活性在 pH 值为 4.5 时达到峰值。酶活性的最佳温度为 50 °C。在不同浓度的 2,6 DMP 下，根据 Lineweaver-burke 的倒数曲线推断，Km 和 V max 分别为 3.45mM 和 280 μmole/min。由于铁、钙、钴和锰对过氧化物酶活性位点有显著影响，因此分别在酶的存在下对所选的过氧化物酶进行了测定。过氧化物酶的稳定性曲线是单双相的，代表一阶；孵育 30 分钟后，酶的活性保持在 50%以上，而孵育 60 分钟后，活性逐渐下降到 40%。过氧化物酶在最适温度（50）和 70°C 下的热稳定性呈现双相稳定曲线。孵育 60 分钟后，酶的活性保持在 50%以上。
{"title":"Studies on Kinetic Properties of Aspergillus Producing Peroxidase from Petroleum Hydrocarbon Spilled Soil","authors":"Chijioke Ezenwelu, Kingsley Agu, Rita Ngwu, Joy Ogana, Emeka Oparaji","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182828","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxidases production was carried out from Aspergillus tamari isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon spilled soil. Physicochemical properties of the respective soil showed pH of 4.45 and 6.5 for soils from point 1 and II respectively and higher conductivity of 613 and 1013 (Ω -1 Cm -1) , respectively when compared with the control sample. Dissolved mineral of Cl - , SO 4 , K, Ca, Mg in the respective soil samples from the petroleum spilled sites were significantly high when compared with the control experiment except for soil sample I which showed a relative low phosphate concentration of 1.23 mg/g in the presence of the control experiment, respectively. TOC and TOM contents were 87.91, 119.04; 108.13 and 146.42 mg/g for soil sample I, and III, respectively. In all the tested parameters, the experimented soils were significantly high than the control soil sample. Molecular tests (18s rDNA.) was used to identify the pure isolate of fungus as Aspergillus tamarii. Studies on effect of incubation period on the production of peroxidase from strains of Aspergillus tamarrii sp. showed that the highest peroxidase activity was obtained on the day 6 th of the fermentation time; Peroxidase activity peaked at pH 5. Protein with highest peroxidase activity was peak precipitated at 60% saturation of the salt. The gel chroـmatogram showed single almost superimposed peaks of enzyme activity. Purified peroxidase activity peaked at pH 4.5. Optimum temperature for the enzyme activity was at 50 °C. Km and V max of 3.45mM and 280 μmole/min was extrapolated from the reciprocal curve of Lineweaver-burke at various concentrations of 2,6 DMP. Fe, Ca, Co and Mn selected as their notable impact in the active site of peroxidase guided the selected were assayed in the presence of the enzymes, respectively. The stability curve obtained for the peroxidases was single biphasic which represent the first order; the enzymes maintained greater than 50% of their activity after 30 min of incubation as activity progressively decreased upto to 40% after 60 min of incubation. Thermal stability of peroxidase at its optimum temperature (50) and at 70°C showed a biphasic stability curve. The enzymes maintained greater than 50% of their activity after 60 min of incubation.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"28 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182821
shayma Muhammed, S. Darogha
The 2019 pandemic coronavirus disease has affected millions of individuals globally. The objective of the present study is to assess the possible predictors of CoV-2 severity and to identify the possible correlation between patients' parameters and disease severity, Consequently, we aimed to measure the serum levels of some inflammatory markers, including CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, and Procalcitonin, as a biomarker for disease severity in CoV-2 patients. A total of 280 nasopharyngeal swabs and whole blood specimens were collected from healthy individuals and individuals suspected with CoV-2 between June 2021 and December 2021 of both sexes, categorized into four main groups: 70 healthy individuals with an age range (23-70), 210 CoV-2 patients in which their ages were between (21-75), (70 patients per mild, moderate and severe patients). According to our findings CoV-2 patients’ groups had leukocytosis, with a significant increase in WBC and Granulocytes count, and a significant decrease in Lymphocyte and platelet. In regard to inflammatory parameters, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin and PCT showed significant differences between the CoV-2 patients groups compare to the control group, these inflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated in CoV-2 patients group compared to healthy control group (P<0.005). The optimal cut-off values for CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, and PCT were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve Analysis in CoV-2 patients. In conclusion, Inflammation biomarkers are the best predictors of severe CoV-2, and the combination of clinical signs can further predict severe CoV-2.
{"title":"Estimation of some Inflammatory Markers in Covid-19 Patients in Erbil / City","authors":"shayma Muhammed, S. Darogha","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182821","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 pandemic coronavirus disease has affected millions of individuals globally. The objective of the present study is to assess the possible predictors of CoV-2 severity and to identify the possible correlation between patients' parameters and disease severity, Consequently, we aimed to measure the serum levels of some inflammatory markers, including CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, and Procalcitonin, as a biomarker for disease severity in CoV-2 patients. A total of 280 nasopharyngeal swabs and whole blood specimens were collected from healthy individuals and individuals suspected with CoV-2 between June 2021 and December 2021 of both sexes, categorized into four main groups: 70 healthy individuals with an age range (23-70), 210 CoV-2 patients in which their ages were between (21-75), (70 patients per mild, moderate and severe patients). According to our findings CoV-2 patients’ groups had leukocytosis, with a significant increase in WBC and Granulocytes count, and a significant decrease in Lymphocyte and platelet. In regard to inflammatory parameters, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin and PCT showed significant differences between the CoV-2 patients groups compare to the control group, these inflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated in CoV-2 patients group compared to healthy control group (P<0.005). The optimal cut-off values for CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, and PCT were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve Analysis in CoV-2 patients. In conclusion, Inflammation biomarkers are the best predictors of severe CoV-2, and the combination of clinical signs can further predict severe CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"111 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182833
Wallada H. Ibrahim, Hana Mahmood
Alizarin red S (ALRS)reagent has been used for to determination of meropenem (MEP)by an easy, sensitive, and selective procedure based on an ion-pair formation reaction between ALRS and MEP in an aqueous: alcoholic medium in the ratio of 50:50 without adjustment of the acidity of the reaction medium. The linearity ranged from 1 to 50 µg /mL, molar absorptivity was 6.557 × 10 3 L.mol -1 .cm -1 ., index of Sandell’s, was 585584 µg.cm -2 , and the calculated LOD and LOQ were 0.02789 µg/mL, 0.0929 µg/mL respectively. The calculated range of relative error was from -1.022 to 0.34 % which indicates high accuracy, and the calculated range of the relative standard deviation was from 0.347 to 0.574% which indicates high precision. The method has been applied for the determination of MEP in dosage forms successfully in which the recovery ranged from 99.8 to 103.2%. The standard addition method proves no interfering effect caused by inactive ingredients involved in dosage forms of meropenem
{"title":"Alizarin Red S as a Chromogenic Agent for the Determination of Meropenem in Pharmaceutical- Formulations","authors":"Wallada H. Ibrahim, Hana Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182833","url":null,"abstract":"Alizarin red S (ALRS)reagent has been used for to determination of meropenem (MEP)by an easy, sensitive, and selective procedure based on an ion-pair formation reaction between ALRS and MEP in an aqueous: alcoholic medium in the ratio of 50:50 without adjustment of the acidity of the reaction medium. The linearity ranged from 1 to 50 µg /mL, molar absorptivity was 6.557 × 10 3 L.mol -1 .cm -1 ., index of Sandell’s, was 585584 µg.cm -2 , and the calculated LOD and LOQ were 0.02789 µg/mL, 0.0929 µg/mL respectively. The calculated range of relative error was from -1.022 to 0.34 % which indicates high accuracy, and the calculated range of the relative standard deviation was from 0.347 to 0.574% which indicates high precision. The method has been applied for the determination of MEP in dosage forms successfully in which the recovery ranged from 99.8 to 103.2%. The standard addition method proves no interfering effect caused by inactive ingredients involved in dosage forms of meropenem","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.182840
Mustafa Aljaff, Hani Mohammed Salih AL-JIRJEES
In this study, the trend of air temperatures is investigated by employing measured and predictive data of maximum and minimum temperatures for daily and annual means in three synoptic stations, geographically and climatically distributed in different regions, as follows: (Mosul, Baghdad and Basra), for time series (1982-2020) of measured means up to (2021-2050) for predictive data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Mann-Kendall analysis, which is a statistical test widely used in climate series to determine the statistical significance of the monotonic trend of temperature means, showed that maximum, daily, and annual temperature means had a positive trend and were statistically significant at the significance level ( = 0.05) and a non-significant fluctuating trend in minimum daily and annual. A high increase in the annual differences with a range of (-1.47-7.25 ℃ ) between the beginning and end of the measured daily time series (1982–2020) that showed a high increase in Basra, followed by the Mosul station, with an increase of the range (5.37-1.24 ℃ ), and finally for the Baghdad station, the increase was recorded within the range (1.24-5.37 ℃ ). Overall, under the potential of global warming, the results concluded that trends of mean temperatures appeared to be in the best agreement with the extreme scenario (SSP5-8.5) compared to the scenario (SSP2-4.5) till the middle of the present century. Globally, the region topped the regions of extreme temperature risks under the governmental authorities' entire deficit to set optimal solutions for climate change and extreme events in Iraq.
{"title":"Trends Analysis of Mean Temperature in Iraq","authors":"Mustafa Aljaff, Hani Mohammed Salih AL-JIRJEES","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182840","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the trend of air temperatures is investigated by employing measured and predictive data of maximum and minimum temperatures for daily and annual means in three synoptic stations, geographically and climatically distributed in different regions, as follows: (Mosul, Baghdad and Basra), for time series (1982-2020) of measured means up to (2021-2050) for predictive data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Mann-Kendall analysis, which is a statistical test widely used in climate series to determine the statistical significance of the monotonic trend of temperature means, showed that maximum, daily, and annual temperature means had a positive trend and were statistically significant at the significance level ( = 0.05) and a non-significant fluctuating trend in minimum daily and annual. A high increase in the annual differences with a range of (-1.47-7.25 ℃ ) between the beginning and end of the measured daily time series (1982–2020) that showed a high increase in Basra, followed by the Mosul station, with an increase of the range (5.37-1.24 ℃ ), and finally for the Baghdad station, the increase was recorded within the range (1.24-5.37 ℃ ). Overall, under the potential of global warming, the results concluded that trends of mean temperatures appeared to be in the best agreement with the extreme scenario (SSP5-8.5) compared to the scenario (SSP2-4.5) till the middle of the present century. Globally, the region topped the regions of extreme temperature risks under the governmental authorities' entire deficit to set optimal solutions for climate change and extreme events in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"19 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.181499
Zeyad T. Al-Rassam, Watban Hameed, Ahed Aliawi
{"title":"A review:: Viruses and their Relation with Breast Cancer","authors":"Zeyad T. Al-Rassam, Watban Hameed, Ahed Aliawi","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.181499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.181499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"553 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139020858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180293
Anfal ALJeboury, Imad Al-Ibrahimi, Igor Kopytin
It is known that the sun and its phenomena have an effect on the Earth's atmosphere in general and the troposphere in particular Especially from this pulpit and because of the importance of this topic and the studies that included it on Iraq, there were few studies to find the relationship between some The parameters of the solar wind are represented by (the radio flux of the sun, F10.7, the magnetic field DST and the electric field Ey) and their effect on the amounts of clouds above Iraq for the period 10/1/1988-31/5/2019. Solar wind parameters data were adopted from the official website of NASA (NOAA), at When clouds quantities were adopted from the Iraqi general authority for Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring for four different stations (Mosul and Kirkuk represent the northern region - Baghdad represents the central region - Basra represents the southern region. The data were statistically analyzed by the statistical program (Minitab 19.0), where the results showed that the effect of F10.7 is generally opposite, except for the phase descending from solar cycle 24 does not show an effect. DST is fluctuating in effect as it is reversed in the total duration and descending phase of the solar cycle 24 and is directed to the solar cycle 23 and does not show the effect of the solar cycle 22 While the electric field Ey has a direct effect for the total duration and an inverse effect with respect to the descending phase of the solar cycle 23.
{"title":"The Effect of some Parameters of the Solar Wind on the Amounts of Clouds-Over Iraq for the Period (1988-2019)","authors":"Anfal ALJeboury, Imad Al-Ibrahimi, Igor Kopytin","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180293","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that the sun and its phenomena have an effect on the Earth's atmosphere in general and the troposphere in particular Especially from this pulpit and because of the importance of this topic and the studies that included it on Iraq, there were few studies to find the relationship between some The parameters of the solar wind are represented by (the radio flux of the sun, F10.7, the magnetic field DST and the electric field Ey) and their effect on the amounts of clouds above Iraq for the period 10/1/1988-31/5/2019. Solar wind parameters data were adopted from the official website of NASA (NOAA), at When clouds quantities were adopted from the Iraqi general authority for Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring for four different stations (Mosul and Kirkuk represent the northern region - Baghdad represents the central region - Basra represents the southern region. The data were statistically analyzed by the statistical program (Minitab 19.0), where the results showed that the effect of F10.7 is generally opposite, except for the phase descending from solar cycle 24 does not show an effect. DST is fluctuating in effect as it is reversed in the total duration and descending phase of the solar cycle 24 and is directed to the solar cycle 23 and does not show the effect of the solar cycle 22 While the electric field Ey has a direct effect for the total duration and an inverse effect with respect to the descending phase of the solar cycle 23.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77776254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2023.180274
Shaima Haitham Zaki Al-Qadi, Qusay Al-dulamey, Mazin Abed, Ahmed Mehuaiden
In contrast to its relative effects on PLT and white blood cells, the percentage of the magnetic field's influence on red blood cells in this study is lower. The behavior of PLT and RBC are identical (decrease relativity after exposure) at low dose rates of 0.1 Tesla/ hr. and high dose rates of 0.7 Tesla/ hr., and they exhibit opposite behaviors to those of WBC. The ratio of PLT and RBC reaches the high ratio for both males and females at the dose rate of 0.4 Tesla/hr. So, the best exposure dose rate for PLT, WBC, and RBC is 0.4 Tesla/hr. Because these components are radiosensitive, the reversal of the AML leukemia blood components of the incident magnetic field changes. Additionally, cancer cells experience higher levels of ionization than healthy cells. Therefore, the ratio of PLT and RBC after exposure rose at the high-dose rate (0.7 Tesla/hr.). This is so because healthy cells are also included in the damage rate. It is obvious that leukemia blood samples exhibit distinct PLT, WBC, and RBC behaviors than healthy blood samples. This is a result of the increased rate of ionizations during the radiation treatment of blood samples with leukemia. This indicates that the rates of ionization for blood samples containing leukemia and healthy blood are different. The findings are consistent with the fundamental ideas underlying the phenomenon of biological radiation interaction.
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