Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172939
R. Yahya
{"title":"The Efficiency of Nanoparticles Oxides in the Promoting the Formation of Secondary Metabolites Compounds in Plants","authors":"R. Yahya","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80518307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172936
K. Altai, I. Mustafa
A new complexes of some transition metal ions (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu (II) and some non-transition metal ions Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) with two multidentate ligands 2-acetamidothiazole (at) and 2-acetamidobenzothiazole (abt). All the prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, Molar conductance, Magnetic susceptibility infrared and electronic spectral. The complexes were classified as: and abt) behave as Mondentate coordinated throughnitrogen of thiazole ring, the resulting complexes are of the type [ML 3 X 3 ] (M=Cr +3 when L= abt and at) (M=Fe +3 when L= abt,at). 2-When the ligands (at and abt) behave as bidentate coordinated through nitrogen of thiazole ring and nitrogen of amide or oxygen of the carbonyl, the resulting complexes are on the type [Co(abt) 2 .Cl.H 2 O]Cl.H 2 O, [ML 2 Cl 2 ] (M=Mn +2 ,Zn +2 ,Hg +2 when L= abt and at), [ML 2 .(H 2 O) 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 (M=Cr +3 when L= abt and at; M=Ni +2 when L=abt) and [CdL 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 (L=abt and at). 3-When the ligands (at and abt) behave as tridentate coordinated through the nitrogen of the thiazole ring and nitrogen of amide and the oxygen of the carbonyl group. The resulting complexes are on the type [Cu(abt) 2 ] (NO 3 ) 2 . The prepared complexes have octahedral structures except the complexes of type [CdL 2 ] (NO 3 ) 2 have tetrahedral structures.
{"title":"Preparation and Investigation of some Substituted Thiazole Complexes with Divalent and Trivalent Metals","authors":"K. Altai, I. Mustafa","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172936","url":null,"abstract":"A new complexes of some transition metal ions (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu (II) and some non-transition metal ions Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) with two multidentate ligands 2-acetamidothiazole (at) and 2-acetamidobenzothiazole (abt). All the prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, Molar conductance, Magnetic susceptibility infrared and electronic spectral. The complexes were classified as: and abt) behave as Mondentate coordinated throughnitrogen of thiazole ring, the resulting complexes are of the type [ML 3 X 3 ] (M=Cr +3 when L= abt and at) (M=Fe +3 when L= abt,at). 2-When the ligands (at and abt) behave as bidentate coordinated through nitrogen of thiazole ring and nitrogen of amide or oxygen of the carbonyl, the resulting complexes are on the type [Co(abt) 2 .Cl.H 2 O]Cl.H 2 O, [ML 2 Cl 2 ] (M=Mn +2 ,Zn +2 ,Hg +2 when L= abt and at), [ML 2 .(H 2 O) 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 (M=Cr +3 when L= abt and at; M=Ni +2 when L=abt) and [CdL 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 (L=abt and at). 3-When the ligands (at and abt) behave as tridentate coordinated through the nitrogen of the thiazole ring and nitrogen of amide and the oxygen of the carbonyl group. The resulting complexes are on the type [Cu(abt) 2 ] (NO 3 ) 2 . The prepared complexes have octahedral structures except the complexes of type [CdL 2 ] (NO 3 ) 2 have tetrahedral structures.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91058722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172932
Hakam A. Alhayaly, Mohamed Al Tamer
{"title":"Study of Electrical Conductivity for Salt Diclofenac Potassium in Water and Water-Methanol Mixtures at Different Temperatures","authors":"Hakam A. Alhayaly, Mohamed Al Tamer","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172932","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81595483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172938
Mohammed A. Akeel, Imad Hussain
The interaction of solar activities with the layers of the Earth's atmosphere determines the pattern of the complex climate system. It is clear that any change in incoming solar radiation has the potential to affect the climate. In this research, the effect of the energies of coronal mass ejections and solar flares on the maximum temperatures of the summer seasons over the city of Baghdad for the time period (1996-2019) representing the 23 and 24 solar cycles was studied. CME data were collected from the SOHO/LASCO CME Catalog. Solar flare data were taken from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Center (NOAA) database. As for the geoclimatic data for the study for the summer seasons, it was relied on through the meteorological ground station in Baghdad affiliated with the Iraqi General Authority for Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring. The statistical program Minitab 19.0 was used, and the results showed a direct relationship between the energies of coronal mass ejections and solar flares with maximum temperatures during the solar cycles 23 and 24. Except for the descending phase of the solar cycle 24, the results showed an inverse relationship.
{"title":"Solar Activities and their Relationship to the Maximum Temperatures of the City of Baghdad for the Solar Cycles 23 and 24","authors":"Mohammed A. Akeel, Imad Hussain","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172938","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction of solar activities with the layers of the Earth's atmosphere determines the pattern of the complex climate system. It is clear that any change in incoming solar radiation has the potential to affect the climate. In this research, the effect of the energies of coronal mass ejections and solar flares on the maximum temperatures of the summer seasons over the city of Baghdad for the time period (1996-2019) representing the 23 and 24 solar cycles was studied. CME data were collected from the SOHO/LASCO CME Catalog. Solar flare data were taken from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Center (NOAA) database. As for the geoclimatic data for the study for the summer seasons, it was relied on through the meteorological ground station in Baghdad affiliated with the Iraqi General Authority for Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring. The statistical program Minitab 19.0 was used, and the results showed a direct relationship between the energies of coronal mass ejections and solar flares with maximum temperatures during the solar cycles 23 and 24. Except for the descending phase of the solar cycle 24, the results showed an inverse relationship.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90706912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172921
Hiyam Altai, Mahmood A. A. Altobje, Ali J. Dawood
Ali A. Dawood aad@uomosul.edu.iq ABSTRACT The impact of Ganoderma lucidum powder on both chemokines, IgG and C3 complement concentrations, as well as WBC types, was investigated in 60 ester citrine rats split between two groups, one of which was injected with Carbon tetrachloride CcL4 and the other with Ganoderma lucidum powder. They were not given this drug; instead, two concentrations of mushroom powder, 40 mg/ per kilo-gram of body weight and 80 mg/ per kilo gram of body weight, were utilized, along with a control group. The results revealed a clear increase in all immune factors measured, with a clear difference between males and females when compared to control samples, as well as an increase in the numbers of both neutrophils and lymphocytes in males for both concentrations, with a higher increase for the second concentration than the first, while the increase in females for both concentrations was similar. In the groups exposed to CcL4, an increase in the values of chemokines, IgG, and C3 as well as the number of neutrophils appeared in males in varying numbers for both concentrations, whereas the increase in females appeared in the second concentration higher than the first concentration of immune values, and the opposite was true for the number of white cells. The number of monocytes showed slight changes in both males and females under study with clear significant differences between C3, chemokine, white blood cell count, lymphocytes and monocytes.
{"title":"The Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum Powder on some Immune Parameters in Rat","authors":"Hiyam Altai, Mahmood A. A. Altobje, Ali J. Dawood","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172921","url":null,"abstract":"Ali A. Dawood aad@uomosul.edu.iq ABSTRACT The impact of Ganoderma lucidum powder on both chemokines, IgG and C3 complement concentrations, as well as WBC types, was investigated in 60 ester citrine rats split between two groups, one of which was injected with Carbon tetrachloride CcL4 and the other with Ganoderma lucidum powder. They were not given this drug; instead, two concentrations of mushroom powder, 40 mg/ per kilo-gram of body weight and 80 mg/ per kilo gram of body weight, were utilized, along with a control group. The results revealed a clear increase in all immune factors measured, with a clear difference between males and females when compared to control samples, as well as an increase in the numbers of both neutrophils and lymphocytes in males for both concentrations, with a higher increase for the second concentration than the first, while the increase in females for both concentrations was similar. In the groups exposed to CcL4, an increase in the values of chemokines, IgG, and C3 as well as the number of neutrophils appeared in males in varying numbers for both concentrations, whereas the increase in females appeared in the second concentration higher than the first concentration of immune values, and the opposite was true for the number of white cells. The number of monocytes showed slight changes in both males and females under study with clear significant differences between C3, chemokine, white blood cell count, lymphocytes and monocytes.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78211235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172937
S. Hasan, S. Sultan
A sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method was suggested for the estimation of acetylcysteine in its pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method was depended on the oxidation of the studied drug compound by iron (III) in aqueous medium, and then reaction of produced iron (II) with bathophenanthroline reagent to form a red color complex, which is stable and soluble in water and exhibits a maximum absorption at 534 nm. Beer s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 5..4 to 10.0 µg.ml -1 of acetylcysteine. The apparent molar absorptivity value is 2.35×10 4 l.mol -1 .cm -1 and Sandall ’ s sensitivity index of 0.00694 µg.cm -2 , a relative error of -4.72 to 4.32% and a relative standard deviation of 0.627 to 3.54% depending on the concentration level. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of acetylcysteine in its pharmaceutical preparations as sachet (powder), capsule and injection.
{"title":"Using of Bathophenanthroline Reagent for Spectrophotometric Estimation of Acetylcysteine in its Pharmaceutical Preparations","authors":"S. Hasan, S. Sultan","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172937","url":null,"abstract":"A sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method was suggested for the estimation of acetylcysteine in its pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method was depended on the oxidation of the studied drug compound by iron (III) in aqueous medium, and then reaction of produced iron (II) with bathophenanthroline reagent to form a red color complex, which is stable and soluble in water and exhibits a maximum absorption at 534 nm. Beer s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 5..4 to 10.0 µg.ml -1 of acetylcysteine. The apparent molar absorptivity value is 2.35×10 4 l.mol -1 .cm -1 and Sandall ’ s sensitivity index of 0.00694 µg.cm -2 , a relative error of -4.72 to 4.32% and a relative standard deviation of 0.627 to 3.54% depending on the concentration level. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of acetylcysteine in its pharmaceutical preparations as sachet (powder), capsule and injection.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75278372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172934
H. Musafer, R. Abdulrazaq, M. Al-Bayati, S. Kaabi, Bashar Abdulateef
Hadeel.k.musafer@uomustansiriyah.ediu.iq BSTRACT The new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus2 is responsible for the current global pandemic. The emergence of covid-19 variants on different continents has caused great concern in global human health. These variants affected many places around the world including China, Europe, U.K., and United States. The most variant of concern is Beta (lineage B.1.351), Epsilon (lineage B.1.429), and Kappa (lineage B.1.617). These variants allowed the virus to become higher transmissible in the population, and undetected because a large number of mutations accumulate in the spike (S) protein, especially within the amino-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD). The consequences of these variants are stimulated high virulence, frequent re-infection, and increased resistance for monoclonal antibodies. In Iraq the diagnosing process starts with a PCR test to confirm the infection, however, if the result comes up negative with persistence symptoms, the PCR need to be followed by CT the most supportive procedure for diagnosing the infection, where the infection is classified into three types depends on symptoms of cystic fibrosis as High confidence, intermediate confidence, and low confidence. The diagnosis procedure infection summaries that all series of diagnostic tests need to be done even if the PCR results are negative.
{"title":"Most Concern Strains of Coronavirus-2 and Diagnostic Protocol in Iraqi’s Hospitals: A review","authors":"H. Musafer, R. Abdulrazaq, M. Al-Bayati, S. Kaabi, Bashar Abdulateef","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172934","url":null,"abstract":"Hadeel.k.musafer@uomustansiriyah.ediu.iq BSTRACT The new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus2 is responsible for the current global pandemic. The emergence of covid-19 variants on different continents has caused great concern in global human health. These variants affected many places around the world including China, Europe, U.K., and United States. The most variant of concern is Beta (lineage B.1.351), Epsilon (lineage B.1.429), and Kappa (lineage B.1.617). These variants allowed the virus to become higher transmissible in the population, and undetected because a large number of mutations accumulate in the spike (S) protein, especially within the amino-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD). The consequences of these variants are stimulated high virulence, frequent re-infection, and increased resistance for monoclonal antibodies. In Iraq the diagnosing process starts with a PCR test to confirm the infection, however, if the result comes up negative with persistence symptoms, the PCR need to be followed by CT the most supportive procedure for diagnosing the infection, where the infection is classified into three types depends on symptoms of cystic fibrosis as High confidence, intermediate confidence, and low confidence. The diagnosis procedure infection summaries that all series of diagnostic tests need to be done even if the PCR results are negative.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80186045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172924
Saba Z. Al-Abachi, S. Yaseen, Ghofran Shihab
Saba Z. Al-Abachi Sabaalabachi@uomosul.edu.iq ABSTRACT Dates considered one of most significant commercial crops and have been documented in the Holy Quran and scientific references. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic effects of Zahdi variety of dates in control subjects and their effects on glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), antioxidant vitamins (C and E), and inorganic phosphate and calcium excursions. Study subjected twenty-four control group (12 male and 12 females), mean age (42.0±8.69 year), and twenty patients with diabetic type 2 (10 males and 10 females) with a means of HbA1c (9.25 ±2.02 %) and age (47.7±9.33 year). All participants ate a single number of the Zahdi dates (5-7) before breakfasting for a prior twenty-one days. Glucose was measured in control group and for diabetics. Glycemic index (GI) was established as proportion of the gradational areas below the return curves for dates as compared to glucose. Collecting blood samples from patients and control group were collected and the statistical data examinations are achievement by using independent samples and paired t-test. The results indicated a significant increase in glucose, MDA, total cholesterol and TG, while a significant decrease in GSH, vitamins (C and E) and phosphate in patients when compared with control group (previously and in accordance) consumption dates palm. No considerable changes in calcium level between diabetic and control subjects. The consumption of dates palm led to a significant decrease in MDA, total cholesterol, TG, and phosphate, also a significant increase in GSH and vitamin E in diabetic patients when compared with control group.
{"title":"Biochemical Study of Consumption Zahdi Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"Saba Z. Al-Abachi, S. Yaseen, Ghofran Shihab","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172924","url":null,"abstract":"Saba Z. Al-Abachi Sabaalabachi@uomosul.edu.iq ABSTRACT Dates considered one of most significant commercial crops and have been documented in the Holy Quran and scientific references. This study was designed to determine the therapeutic effects of Zahdi variety of dates in control subjects and their effects on glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), antioxidant vitamins (C and E), and inorganic phosphate and calcium excursions. Study subjected twenty-four control group (12 male and 12 females), mean age (42.0±8.69 year), and twenty patients with diabetic type 2 (10 males and 10 females) with a means of HbA1c (9.25 ±2.02 %) and age (47.7±9.33 year). All participants ate a single number of the Zahdi dates (5-7) before breakfasting for a prior twenty-one days. Glucose was measured in control group and for diabetics. Glycemic index (GI) was established as proportion of the gradational areas below the return curves for dates as compared to glucose. Collecting blood samples from patients and control group were collected and the statistical data examinations are achievement by using independent samples and paired t-test. The results indicated a significant increase in glucose, MDA, total cholesterol and TG, while a significant decrease in GSH, vitamins (C and E) and phosphate in patients when compared with control group (previously and in accordance) consumption dates palm. No considerable changes in calcium level between diabetic and control subjects. The consumption of dates palm led to a significant decrease in MDA, total cholesterol, TG, and phosphate, also a significant increase in GSH and vitamin E in diabetic patients when compared with control group.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80028727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172935
Zeena Zakaria Idrees Al-Mashhadany, M. Mustafa
{"title":"Evaluation of the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticle AgNP on Stages of Housefly, Musca domestica L.","authors":"Zeena Zakaria Idrees Al-Mashhadany, M. Mustafa","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172935","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73943996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2022.172925
Dheyaa Azeez, Salim J. Mohammed
This study involves the development of a sensitive accurate and low-cost spectrophotometric procedure to analyze sulfadiazine as pure and in its dosage forms. In this method sulfadiazine was diazotized with an equimolar solution of sodium nitrite in the presence of hydrochloric acid to form corresponding diazonium salt followed by coupling with phloroglucinol reagent in basic solution of NaOH to produce a yellow water-soluble azo dye that has maximum absorption at 417 nm versus reagent blank. Under optimum conditions. The linearity of the method obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range 0.25-15 μg/ml with an excellent determination coefficient (R 2 = 0.9992) and molar absorptivity 3.81×10 4 l/mol.cm. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) have also been estimated and their values were found to be 0.192 and 0.563 μg/ml, respectively. A relative error% was calculated and found in the range -2.75% to 4.02%, while the precision (RSD%) was estimated as ≤ 1.36%. The stoichiometry of the resulting azo dye was found to be 1:1 sulfadiazine: with stability constant 0.37×10 7 l/mol. The suggested procedure was applied to the analysis of sulfadiazine in cream and veterinary drugs (powder and injection).
{"title":"Development of Spectrophotometric Method to Assay Sulfadiazine in Pure and in Pharmaceutical Dosage form through Diazotization and Coupling Reaction","authors":"Dheyaa Azeez, Salim J. Mohammed","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2022.172925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2022.172925","url":null,"abstract":"This study involves the development of a sensitive accurate and low-cost spectrophotometric procedure to analyze sulfadiazine as pure and in its dosage forms. In this method sulfadiazine was diazotized with an equimolar solution of sodium nitrite in the presence of hydrochloric acid to form corresponding diazonium salt followed by coupling with phloroglucinol reagent in basic solution of NaOH to produce a yellow water-soluble azo dye that has maximum absorption at 417 nm versus reagent blank. Under optimum conditions. The linearity of the method obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range 0.25-15 μg/ml with an excellent determination coefficient (R 2 = 0.9992) and molar absorptivity 3.81×10 4 l/mol.cm. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) have also been estimated and their values were found to be 0.192 and 0.563 μg/ml, respectively. A relative error% was calculated and found in the range -2.75% to 4.02%, while the precision (RSD%) was estimated as ≤ 1.36%. The stoichiometry of the resulting azo dye was found to be 1:1 sulfadiazine: with stability constant 0.37×10 7 l/mol. The suggested procedure was applied to the analysis of sulfadiazine in cream and veterinary drugs (powder and injection).","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85954014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：