Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae1bd0
T Sanchez Mejia, L Nicolas, A Gelmini Rodriguez, P Goldner and M Afzelius
Optical quantum memories are essential components for realizing the full potential of quantum networks. Among these, rare-earth-doped crystal memories stand out due to their large multimode storage capabilities. To maximize the multimode capacity in the time domain, it is key to simultaneously achieve large memory bandwidth and long optical storage time. Here, we demonstrate an atomic frequency comb optical memory in 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5, with a memory bandwidth of 250 MHz and a storage time of up to 125 µs. The efficiency reaches 20% at short storage times, and 5% at 125 µs. These results were enabled by an optimized optical pumping scheme, guided by numerical modelling. Our approach is specifically designed for future spin-wave storage experiments, with the theoretical bandwidth limit set at 288 MHz by the hyperfine structure of 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5. Additionally, we introduce an efficient method for synthesizing the optical pumping waveforms required for generating combs with tens of thousands of teeth, as well as a simple yet frequency-agile laser setup for optical pumping across a 10 GHz bandwidth.
{"title":"Broadband and long-duration optical memory in 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5","authors":"T Sanchez Mejia, L Nicolas, A Gelmini Rodriguez, P Goldner and M Afzelius","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae1bd0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae1bd0","url":null,"abstract":"Optical quantum memories are essential components for realizing the full potential of quantum networks. Among these, rare-earth-doped crystal memories stand out due to their large multimode storage capabilities. To maximize the multimode capacity in the time domain, it is key to simultaneously achieve large memory bandwidth and long optical storage time. Here, we demonstrate an atomic frequency comb optical memory in 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5, with a memory bandwidth of 250 MHz and a storage time of up to 125 µs. The efficiency reaches 20% at short storage times, and 5% at 125 µs. These results were enabled by an optimized optical pumping scheme, guided by numerical modelling. Our approach is specifically designed for future spin-wave storage experiments, with the theoretical bandwidth limit set at 288 MHz by the hyperfine structure of 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5. Additionally, we introduce an efficient method for synthesizing the optical pumping waveforms required for generating combs with tens of thousands of teeth, as well as a simple yet frequency-agile laser setup for optical pumping across a 10 GHz bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145545733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae186c
Paulo J Paulino, Albert Cabot, Gabriele De Chiara, Mauro Antezza, Igor Lesanovsky and Federico Carollo
Open many-body quantum systems can exhibit intriguing nonequilibrium phases of matter, such as time crystals. In these phases, the state of the system spontaneously breaks the time-translation symmetry of the dynamical generator, which typically manifests through persistent oscillations of an order parameter. A paradigmatic model displaying such a symmetry breaking is the boundary time crystal (BTC), which has been extensively analyzed experimentally and theoretically. Despite the broad interest in these nonequilibrium phases, their thermodynamics and their fluctuating behavior remain largely unexplored, in particular for the case of coupled time crystals. In this work, we consider two interacting BTCs and derive a consistent interpretation of their thermodynamic behavior. We fully characterize their average dynamics and the behavior of their quantum fluctuations, which allows us to demonstrate the presence of quantum and classical correlations in both the stationary and the time-crystal phases displayed by the system. We furthermore exploit our theoretical derivation to explore possible applications of time crystals as quantum batteries, demonstrating their ability to efficiently store energy.
{"title":"Thermodynamics of coupled time crystals with an application to energy storage","authors":"Paulo J Paulino, Albert Cabot, Gabriele De Chiara, Mauro Antezza, Igor Lesanovsky and Federico Carollo","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae186c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae186c","url":null,"abstract":"Open many-body quantum systems can exhibit intriguing nonequilibrium phases of matter, such as time crystals. In these phases, the state of the system spontaneously breaks the time-translation symmetry of the dynamical generator, which typically manifests through persistent oscillations of an order parameter. A paradigmatic model displaying such a symmetry breaking is the boundary time crystal (BTC), which has been extensively analyzed experimentally and theoretically. Despite the broad interest in these nonequilibrium phases, their thermodynamics and their fluctuating behavior remain largely unexplored, in particular for the case of coupled time crystals. In this work, we consider two interacting BTCs and derive a consistent interpretation of their thermodynamic behavior. We fully characterize their average dynamics and the behavior of their quantum fluctuations, which allows us to demonstrate the presence of quantum and classical correlations in both the stationary and the time-crystal phases displayed by the system. We furthermore exploit our theoretical derivation to explore possible applications of time crystals as quantum batteries, demonstrating their ability to efficiently store energy.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145499458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae186d
Miguel Casanova and Francesco Ticozzi
The present work analyzes state-stabilization techniques for decoupling a subsystem from environmental interactions. The proposed framework uses analytical and numerical tools to find an approximate decoherence-free subspace with improved passive noise isolation. Active state-stabilizing control on a subsystem mediating dominant environmental interactions, which we call the wall subsystem, creates an effective quantum wall state. The proposed method controls only the wall subsystem, leaving the logical subsystem untouched. This simplifies logic operations in the protected subsystem, and makes it suitable for integration with other quantum information protection techniques, such as dynamical decoupling (DD). We demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the performance of selective or complete DD. Under suitable conditions, our method maintains the purity of the system above a threshold for all times, achieving eternal purity preservation. Theoretical analysis links this behavior to the asymptotic spectrum of the Hamiltonian when the control gain grows unbounded.
{"title":"Quantum wall states for noise mitigation and eternal purity bounds","authors":"Miguel Casanova and Francesco Ticozzi","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae186d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae186d","url":null,"abstract":"The present work analyzes state-stabilization techniques for decoupling a subsystem from environmental interactions. The proposed framework uses analytical and numerical tools to find an approximate decoherence-free subspace with improved passive noise isolation. Active state-stabilizing control on a subsystem mediating dominant environmental interactions, which we call the wall subsystem, creates an effective quantum wall state. The proposed method controls only the wall subsystem, leaving the logical subsystem untouched. This simplifies logic operations in the protected subsystem, and makes it suitable for integration with other quantum information protection techniques, such as dynamical decoupling (DD). We demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the performance of selective or complete DD. Under suitable conditions, our method maintains the purity of the system above a threshold for all times, achieving eternal purity preservation. Theoretical analysis links this behavior to the asymptotic spectrum of the Hamiltonian when the control gain grows unbounded.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145477975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae18f4
Donghwa Ji, Junseo Lee, Myeongjin Shin, IlKwon Sohn and Kabgyun Jeong
In classical information theory, uncommon information refers to the amount of information that is not shared between two messages, and it admits an operational interpretation as the minimum communication cost required to exchange the messages. Extending this notion to the quantum setting, quantum uncommon information is defined as the amount of quantum information necessary to exchange two quantum states. While the value of uncommon information can be computed exactly in the classical case, no direct method is currently known for calculating its quantum analogue. Prior work has primarily focused on deriving upper and lower bounds for quantum uncommon information. In this work, we propose a new approach for estimating these bounds by utilizing the quantum Donsker–Varadhan representation and implementing a gradient-based optimization method. Our results suggest a pathway toward efficient approximation of quantum uncommon information using variational techniques grounded in quantum neural architectures.
{"title":"Bounding quantum uncommon information with quantum neural estimators","authors":"Donghwa Ji, Junseo Lee, Myeongjin Shin, IlKwon Sohn and Kabgyun Jeong","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae18f4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae18f4","url":null,"abstract":"In classical information theory, uncommon information refers to the amount of information that is not shared between two messages, and it admits an operational interpretation as the minimum communication cost required to exchange the messages. Extending this notion to the quantum setting, quantum uncommon information is defined as the amount of quantum information necessary to exchange two quantum states. While the value of uncommon information can be computed exactly in the classical case, no direct method is currently known for calculating its quantum analogue. Prior work has primarily focused on deriving upper and lower bounds for quantum uncommon information. In this work, we propose a new approach for estimating these bounds by utilizing the quantum Donsker–Varadhan representation and implementing a gradient-based optimization method. Our results suggest a pathway toward efficient approximation of quantum uncommon information using variational techniques grounded in quantum neural architectures.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145448205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae16d0
Francesco Romeo and Jacopo Settino
We show that global properties of an unknown quantum network, such as the average degree, hub density, and the number of closed paths of fixed length, can be inferred from strictly local quantum measurements. In particular, we demonstrate that a malicious agent with access to only a small subset of nodes can initialize quantum states locally and, through repeated short-time measurements, extract sensitive structural information about the entire network. The intrusion strategy is inspired by extreme learning and quantum reservoir computing and combines short-time quantum evolution with a non-iterative linear readout with trainable weights. These results suggest new strategies for intrusion detection and structural diagnostics in future quantum Internet infrastructures.
{"title":"Probing graph topology from local quantum measurements","authors":"Francesco Romeo and Jacopo Settino","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae16d0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae16d0","url":null,"abstract":"We show that global properties of an unknown quantum network, such as the average degree, hub density, and the number of closed paths of fixed length, can be inferred from strictly local quantum measurements. In particular, we demonstrate that a malicious agent with access to only a small subset of nodes can initialize quantum states locally and, through repeated short-time measurements, extract sensitive structural information about the entire network. The intrusion strategy is inspired by extreme learning and quantum reservoir computing and combines short-time quantum evolution with a non-iterative linear readout with trainable weights. These results suggest new strategies for intrusion detection and structural diagnostics in future quantum Internet infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145434066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae1161
I Nosske, C Vishwakarma, T Lücke, J Rahm, N Poudel, S Weyers, E Benkler, S Dörscher and C Lisdat
We describe a transportable optical lattice clock based on the transition of lattice-trapped 87Sr atoms with a total systematic uncertainty of . The blackbody radiation shift, which is the leading systematic effect in many strontium lattice clocks, is controlled at the level of , as the atoms are interrogated inside a well-characterised, cold thermal shield. Using a transportable clock laser, the clock reaches a frequency instability of about , which enables fast reevaluations of systematic effects. By comparing this clock to the primary caesium fountain clocks CSF1 and CSF2 at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, we measure the clock transition frequency with a fractional uncertainty of , in agreement with previous results. The clock was successfully transported and operated at different locations. It holds the potential to be used for geodetic measurements with centimetre-level or better height resolution and for accurate inter-institute frequency comparisons.
{"title":"Transportable strontium lattice clock with 4 × 10 ...","authors":"I Nosske, C Vishwakarma, T Lücke, J Rahm, N Poudel, S Weyers, E Benkler, S Dörscher and C Lisdat","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae1161","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a transportable optical lattice clock based on the transition of lattice-trapped 87Sr atoms with a total systematic uncertainty of . The blackbody radiation shift, which is the leading systematic effect in many strontium lattice clocks, is controlled at the level of , as the atoms are interrogated inside a well-characterised, cold thermal shield. Using a transportable clock laser, the clock reaches a frequency instability of about , which enables fast reevaluations of systematic effects. By comparing this clock to the primary caesium fountain clocks CSF1 and CSF2 at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, we measure the clock transition frequency with a fractional uncertainty of , in agreement with previous results. The clock was successfully transported and operated at different locations. It holds the potential to be used for geodetic measurements with centimetre-level or better height resolution and for accurate inter-institute frequency comparisons.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145381783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae0a79
Theshani Nuradha and Mark M Wilde
Quantum channel discrimination has been studied from an information-theoretic perspective, wherein one is interested in the optimal decay rate of error probabilities as a function of the number of unknown channel accesses. In this paper, we study the query complexity of quantum channel discrimination, wherein the goal is to determine the minimum number of channel uses needed to reach a desired error probability. To this end, we show that the query complexity of binary channel discrimination depends logarithmically on the inverse error probability and inversely on the negative logarithm of the (geometric and Holevo) channel fidelity. As special cases of these findings, we precisely characterize the query complexity of discriminating two classical channels and two classical–quantum channels. Furthermore, by obtaining an optimal characterization of the sample complexity of quantum hypothesis testing when the error probability does not exceed a fixed threshold, we provide a more precise characterization of query complexity under a similar error probability threshold constraint. We also provide lower and upper bounds on the query complexity of binary asymmetric channel discrimination and multiple quantum channel discrimination. For the former, the query complexity depends on the geometric Rényi and Petz–Rényi channel divergences, while for the latter, it depends on the negative logarithm of the (geometric and Uhlmann) channel fidelity. For multiple channel discrimination, the upper bound scales as the logarithm of the number of channels.
{"title":"Query complexity of classical and quantum channel discrimination","authors":"Theshani Nuradha and Mark M Wilde","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae0a79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae0a79","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum channel discrimination has been studied from an information-theoretic perspective, wherein one is interested in the optimal decay rate of error probabilities as a function of the number of unknown channel accesses. In this paper, we study the query complexity of quantum channel discrimination, wherein the goal is to determine the minimum number of channel uses needed to reach a desired error probability. To this end, we show that the query complexity of binary channel discrimination depends logarithmically on the inverse error probability and inversely on the negative logarithm of the (geometric and Holevo) channel fidelity. As special cases of these findings, we precisely characterize the query complexity of discriminating two classical channels and two classical–quantum channels. Furthermore, by obtaining an optimal characterization of the sample complexity of quantum hypothesis testing when the error probability does not exceed a fixed threshold, we provide a more precise characterization of query complexity under a similar error probability threshold constraint. We also provide lower and upper bounds on the query complexity of binary asymmetric channel discrimination and multiple quantum channel discrimination. For the former, the query complexity depends on the geometric Rényi and Petz–Rényi channel divergences, while for the latter, it depends on the negative logarithm of the (geometric and Uhlmann) channel fidelity. For multiple channel discrimination, the upper bound scales as the logarithm of the number of channels.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae1320
Robert Stárek, Martin Bielak, Miroslav Ježek
Characterization of quantum states and devices is paramount to quantum science and technology. The characterization consists of individual measurements, which must be precisely known. A mismatch between actual and assumed constituent measurements limits the accuracy of this characterization. We show that such a mismatch introduces reconstruction artifacts in quantum state tomography. We use these artifacts to detect and quantify the mismatch, gaining information about the actual measurement operators. It consequently allows the mitigation of systematic errors in both quantum measurement and state preparation, improving the precision of state control and characterization. The practical utility of our approach is experimentally demonstrated.
{"title":"Measurement-device agnostic quantum tomography","authors":"Robert Stárek, Martin Bielak, Miroslav Ježek","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae1320","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of quantum states and devices is paramount to quantum science and technology. The characterization consists of individual measurements, which must be precisely known. A mismatch between actual and assumed constituent measurements limits the accuracy of this characterization. We show that such a mismatch introduces reconstruction artifacts in quantum state tomography. We use these artifacts to detect and quantify the mismatch, gaining information about the actual measurement operators. It consequently allows the mitigation of systematic errors in both quantum measurement and state preparation, improving the precision of state control and characterization. The practical utility of our approach is experimentally demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae1162
J C Pelayo, G A Bougas, T Fogarty, Th Busch, S I Mistakidis
We explore the ground state phase diagram and nonequilibrium dynamics of genuine two-component particle-imbalanced droplets in both isotropic and anisotropic three-dimensional confinements. A gradual transition from mixed droplet-gas to gas configurations is revealed as the average intercomponent attraction decreases or the transverse confinement becomes tighter. Within the mixed structures, a specific majority fragment binds to the minority droplet, satisfying the density ratio locking condition, while the remaining atoms are in a gas state. Our extended Gross–Pitaevskii numerical results are corroborated by a suitable variational approximation capturing the shape and characteristics of droplet-gas fragments. The tunability of the relatively low gas fraction is showcased through parametric variations of the atom number, the intercomponent imbalance, the trap aspect ratio, or the radius of a box potential. To validate the existence and probe the properties of these exotic phases, we simulate the standard time-of-flight and radio frequency experimental techniques. These allow to dynamically identify the resilience of the droplet fragment and the expansion of the gas fraction. Our results, amenable to current experimental cold atom settings, are expected to guide forthcoming investigations aiming to reveal unseen out-of-equilibrium droplet dynamics.
{"title":"Droplet-gas phases and their dynamical formation in particle imbalanced mixtures","authors":"J C Pelayo, G A Bougas, T Fogarty, Th Busch, S I Mistakidis","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae1162","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the ground state phase diagram and nonequilibrium dynamics of genuine two-component particle-imbalanced droplets in both isotropic and anisotropic three-dimensional confinements. A gradual transition from mixed droplet-gas to gas configurations is revealed as the average intercomponent attraction decreases or the transverse confinement becomes tighter. Within the mixed structures, a specific majority fragment binds to the minority droplet, satisfying the density ratio locking condition, while the remaining atoms are in a gas state. Our extended Gross–Pitaevskii numerical results are corroborated by a suitable variational approximation capturing the shape and characteristics of droplet-gas fragments. The tunability of the relatively low gas fraction is showcased through parametric variations of the atom number, the intercomponent imbalance, the trap aspect ratio, or the radius of a box potential. To validate the existence and probe the properties of these exotic phases, we simulate the standard time-of-flight and radio frequency experimental techniques. These allow to dynamically identify the resilience of the droplet fragment and the expansion of the gas fraction. Our results, amenable to current experimental cold atom settings, are expected to guide forthcoming investigations aiming to reveal unseen out-of-equilibrium droplet dynamics.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145397994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ae0d79
Timothy Heightman, Edward Jiang, Antonio Acín
Understanding and characterising quantum many-body dynamics remains a significant challenge due to both the exponential complexity required to represent quantum many-body Hamiltonians, and the need to accurately track states in time under the action of such Hamiltonians. This inherent complexity limits our ability to characterise quantum many-body systems, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to unlock their full potential. To address this challenge, we propose a novel method to solve the Hamiltonian learning (HL) problem -inferring quantum dynamics from many-body state trajectories. Our approach has the unprecedented advantage of distilling and filtering an estimator Hamiltonian from a Neural ODE representation of state trajectories. By distilling Hamiltonian information from Neural ODE onto an ansatz Hamiltonian, our method is reliably convergent, experimentally friendly, and interpretable. In addition to this, we propose a new quantitative benchmark based on power laws, which can objectively compare the reliability and generalisation capabilities of any two HL algorithms. Finally, we benchmark our method against state-of-the-art HL algorithms with a 1D spin-1/2 chain proof of concept, giving a stable solution for HL on a set of Hamiltonians previously unlearnable in the literature. Code for our method is available and open source.
{"title":"Solving the quantum many-body Hamiltonian learning problem with neural differential equations","authors":"Timothy Heightman, Edward Jiang, Antonio Acín","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ae0d79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae0d79","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding and characterising quantum many-body dynamics remains a significant challenge due to both the exponential complexity required to represent quantum many-body Hamiltonians, and the need to accurately track states in time under the action of such Hamiltonians. This inherent complexity limits our ability to characterise quantum many-body systems, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to unlock their full potential. To address this challenge, we propose a novel method to solve the Hamiltonian learning (HL) problem -inferring quantum dynamics from many-body state trajectories. Our approach has the unprecedented advantage of distilling and filtering an estimator Hamiltonian from a Neural ODE representation of state trajectories. By distilling Hamiltonian information from Neural ODE onto an ansatz Hamiltonian, our method is reliably convergent, experimentally friendly, and interpretable. In addition to this, we propose a new quantitative benchmark based on power laws, which can objectively compare the reliability and generalisation capabilities of any two HL algorithms. Finally, we benchmark our method against state-of-the-art HL algorithms with a 1D spin-<inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $1/2$?></tex-math><mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href=\"qstae0d79ieqn1.gif\"></inline-graphic></inline-formula> chain proof of concept, giving a stable solution for HL on a set of Hamiltonians previously unlearnable in the literature. Code for our method is available and open source.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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