Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology最新文献

Background: Women military service members (SMs) are more likely to have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to sexual assault, highlighting a need for the development and validation of therapies. A new exposure-based therapy called motion-assisted, multi-modal memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR) uses participant-chosen music and images and an eye movement (EM) task in a virtual environment. Motion-assisted, multi-modal memory desensitization and reconsolidation has shown effectiveness in treating treatment-resistant male veterans; thus, this paper focuses expressly on the utility of 3MDR in female study participants, who were 50% of the full study population. Methods: Participants with probable PTSD and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) completed 10 sessions of 3MDR. They provided songs and images representative of their trauma(s). While walking on a treadmill, participants confronted up to 7 of their trauma images while keywords were superimposed over the images. Half the participants were randomized to an eye movement task (EM+). The primary outcome was the change in posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) score from pre- to post-intervention, with 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Results: All women participants had a history of sexual trauma and showed statistically and clinically significant improvement in symptom severity. The decline in mean PCL-5 scores was greater for women than for men (none of whom reported sexual trauma), though the difference was not statistically significant. Although a small sample size, the results suggest clinically meaningful sex differences. Conclusion: Motion-assisted, multi-modal memory desensitization and reconsolidation is an effective and powerful intervention for female SMs and veterans with a history of sexual trauma. Further investigation with larger sample sizes is needed.

Background: Current trauma treatment options often fail to meet patients' needs. Despite the availability of established interventions, many trauma treatments fail to adequately meet patients' needs. In parallel, there has been renewed scientific and public interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics and related compounds, accompanied by increasing unsupervised use. This underscores the need to examine patients' willingness to engage with these therapies should they receive regulatory approval and to better characterize patterns of self-administration in order to inform patient-centered care and harm reduction strategies. Methods: An online survey recruited individuals with self-reported trauma symptoms or a formal diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)/complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). Participants were asked about their treatment history, satisfaction with current treatments, and use of illicit substances for symptom management. Further, after receiving psychoeducation on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psilocybin therapies, participants' perceptions and willingness to participate in these treatments were assessed. Results: Of the 873 respondents, 94.8% reported experiencing psychological trauma, with 73.4% diagnosed with PTSD or CPTSD. Many had attempted multiple treatments, predominantly medications and various psychotherapies, but reported high dissatisfaction. Significant rates of marijuana, psychedelics, and MDMA use for self-management of trauma symptoms were reported, with minimal physical and psychological complications. Willingness to try MDMA and psilocybin therapies was high (0.81 and 0.83, respectively). Notably, women and heterosexual individuals showed lower willingness, while younger respondents and those with higher education levels showed greater willingness to try these treatments. Conclusion: High willingness to try MDMA and psilocybin therapies among trauma-exposed individuals highlights the need for further research and clinical trials. Understanding demographic variations in willingness can guide the development of accessible and effective treatment options for PTSD and CPTSD. Public education about potential risks and harm reduction strategies is crucial to promote safe and informed use of these emerging therapies.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the differences in cognitive distortions between patients with anxiety disorder (AD) and healthy controls, investigate the relationship between anxiety levels and cognitive distortions in AD, and investigate whether accompanying symptoms in AD had an impact on cognitive distortions Methods: Eighty-nine adolescents diagnosed with AD and 94 healthy adolescents were assessed using The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS), and the effects of major depressive disorder (MDD) were evaluated. Results: All cognitive distortions except catastrophizing were more problematic in AD. It also assessed the effects of comorbid MDD with AD on cognitive distortions. Another finding that was obtained in this study was that thought characteristics such as mindreading, catastrophizing, all-or-nothing thinking, emotional reasoning, personalization, minimizing the positive, and overgeneralization, CDS total scores were statistically significantly higher in the AD group with comorbid MDD. Conclusion: The study indicates that some cognitive distortions may be prevalent in AD or AD with comorbid depression. The importance of this study is the probability of laying the groundwork for future research in adolescents, the development of cognitive anxiety models, and guiding treatment practices.

Background: The prevalence of insomnia disorder is high among the general poulation and is a risk factor for many diseases. The rationality of drug use for insomnia in Chinese Medicine Hospital was uncertain. In order to evaluate the use of drugs in the Chinese Medicine Hospital of Longgang, Shenzhen, the authors conducted this cross-sectional research. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Long Gang), Guangdong Province. Insomnia patients from January 1, 2016, to November 10, 2020, were included in the cross-sectional study. Patients corresponding to International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ISCD-3) Diagnostic Criteria for short-term and chronic insomnia were included. The authors excluded patients with severe mental disease or nervous system dysfunction or who could not correctly describe their symptoms. The characteristics of insomnia patients, survey results of drug use and symptoms of insomnia patients were collected. The authors analyzed the basic information, condition of drug use, and relationship between symptoms and drug use using R software (version 4.0.2) with the arulesViz package. Results: A total of 9439 patients were included in the study. The average age of these patients was 45.81 years (SD 13.97 years). Anxiety, dreaminess, dizziness, palpitation, headache, thirst, weakness, chest distress, annoyance, abdominal distension, bad moods, difficulty in falling asleep and bitter taste in the mouth were core symptoms of insomnia. The 10 most commonly used drugs ranged from more to less were estazolam (29.99%), Zaoren anshen capsule (15.50%), oryzanol (14.82%), diazepam (14.51%), flupentixol and melitracen (14.30%), alprazolam (8.12%), zolpidem tartrate (5.29%), vitamin B6 (4.76%), sertraline (4.03%), and clonazepam (2.97%). Conclusion: Drugs used for insomnia in the Chinese medicine hospital in Longgang, Shenzhen mainly included benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines, Chinese patent medicines, anti-anxiety drugs, anti-depression drugs, oryzanol, and vitamin B6. The use of oryzanol and vitamin B6 was abused in Chinese medicine hospitals, and the use of Chinese medicine should be evaluated more rigorously. Nonbenzodiazepines should be promoted and more widely understood in the Chinese medicine hospital in Longgang, Shenzhen.

Background: Impulse control disorders and related behaviors (ICDs-RBs) significantly affect the quality of life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) was developed to identify and monitor these behaviors. This study aimed to translate and validate the Turkish version of QUIP-RS. Methods: The translation process involved back-translation and expert review. Ninety-three patients with PD completed the Turkish QUIP-RS, Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale part III, Hoehn-Yahr stage, Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, and selfreport tools for depression, anxiety, and impulsivity. Internal consistency, factor analysis, convergent and divergent validity were assessed, along with relationships between QUIP-RS domains, clinical features, and dopaminergic medication. Results: Eighty-seven patients were included in this analysis. The QUIP-RS's total Cronbach's alpha value was 0.925, demonstrating good reliability. Factor analysis showed a good model fit, reflecting different ICDs-RBs domains. Thirty-nine percent of the patients were screened with at least 1 ICDs-RB, 17.2% of participants had single ICDs-RBs, and 21.8% had multiple ICDs-RBs. The most prevalent ICDsRBs were punding, compulsive eating, and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS). Total levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was related to only ICD-related behaviors (hobbyism, punding, DDS). In contrast, the dopamine agonist LEDD was significantly correlated with all ICDs-RBs except pathological gambling. Conclusion: ICD-RBs are common in the sample recruited fromTürkiye, and the Turkish version of the QUIP-RS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing ICD-RBs in Turkish-speaking groups.

Background: Rhinoplasty, performed for aesthetic and functional purposes, is among the most common cosmetic procedures worldwide. While previous studies have investigated the impact of social media and self-esteem on cosmetic surgery motivations, comparisons between aesthetic and functional rhinoplasty candidates remain limited. This study evaluates the sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral profiles of these groups, focusing on social media use and self-esteem. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 103 rhinoplasty candidates divided into 2 groups based on their primary motivation: functional (Group 1) or aesthetic (Group 2). Data were collected using a Sociodemographic Data Form, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Statistical analyses included chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results: Most participants (70.9%) sought rhinoplasty for aesthetic reasons. The median age of Group 2 (23.0) was significantly lower than that of Group 1 (29.5) (P < .001). Females and single individuals were more likely to seek aesthetic rhinoplasty (P < .001). Social media use, particularly Instagram, was significantly higher in Group 2; 53.4% spent over 3 hours daily on social media, compared to 10% in Group 1 (P < .001). Group 1 showed higher self-esteem scores than Group 2 (34.0 vs. 31.0, P < .001). Conclusion: Aesthetic rhinoplasty is associated with a younger age, female gender, lower self-esteem, and greater social media use. These findings emphasize the need for preoperative assessments addressing psychological vulnerabilities and social media influences to improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.

The comorbidity of schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been demonstrated to result in more severe symptoms and a worse prognosis for patients, as well as a more challenging treatment process for clinicians. Lurasidone is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. This case report aims to share the use and treatment process of lurasidone in a 28-year-old male patient with a history of OCD and schizophrenia since childhood. The patient has had multiple hospitalizations and suicide attempts and has received ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) and TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) treatment on numerous occasions. The patient has been resistant to various drug treatments, including clozapine. Following the administration of lurasidone at a dosage of 80 mg/day and above, the patient exhibited a regression in their psychotic symptoms, depressive and obsessive complaints, and demonstrated a substantial enhancement in social and cognitive functioning. No adverse effects related to lurasidone were reported. These findings suggest that lurasidone may be a safe treatment option for schizophrenia and comorbid disorders. Its receptor profile suggests many advantageous features in terms of both treatment and side effect tolerability, and it provides a significant improvement in functionality.

Background: This study investigates the language development of children at risk for developmental language disorder (DLD) 2 years after initial assessment and evaluates the impact of parental training on language outcomes. Methods: Sixteen children (9 boys and 7 girls) who were at risk for DLD 2 years ago and whose parents were trained after the initial assessment were re-evaluated. During the study period, children's language development was evaluated using the Denver II Developmental Screening Test and the Turkish Adaptation of the Test of Early Language Development (TEDIL). Parents' perceptions of their children's language skills were also assessed. Results: At the second evaluation, 31.25% of the children were diagnosed with DLD, while 68.75% reached a normal language development level. TEDIL test results showed a significant increase in expressive and overall spoken language scores in children without DLD. Parents reported that their children's overall levels of communication, expression, and intelligibility increased significantly over 2 years. Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that some of the children at risk of DLD were diagnosed with DLD after 2 years. Long-term follow-ups of children at risk of DLD were also observed. Early parent training is beneficial in supporting language development in children at risk for DLD, emphasizing the importance of early intervention.

Background: To analyze the intrinsic capacity and relevant factors of the older adults in Kunshancommunity, and to provide a basis for enhancing the intrinsic capacity and functions of the older adultsand reducing care dependence.

Methods: The present study retrospectively collected data on demographics, past medical history,nutritional status, and physical examination from August 2022 to September 2022 from older adultsaged ≥60 years who were subjected to a field questionnaire in Kunshan town. The chi-square test wasused to assess the differences between the different dimensions of intrinsic ability in different sex andage subgroups. Risk factors were recognized through univariate and multivariate logistic proportionalhazard analyses.

Results: A total of 329 older adults completed the questionnaire and were enrolled in this study.The intrinsic capacity declined in 68.09% of older adults regarding the prevalence of hearing, vision,mobility, cognitive ability, psychological, and nutritional dimensions, respectively. A positive 5-timessit-up test was found to be positively associated with the reduced intrinsic capacity in the context ofa physical examination (odds ratio [OR], 10.309; 95% CI, 5.076 to 20.833; P < .001). Additionally, olderadults with a higher waist circumference exhibited a lower probability of reduced intrinsic capacity(OR, 0.541; 95% CI, 0.314 to 0.931; P=.026).

Conclusion: In the Kunshan community, 68.09% of older people were found to have reduced intrinsiccapacity. A negative 5-times sit-up test and increased waist circumference have been identified asindependent risk factors for reduced intrinsic capacity. This suggests that these factors have thepotential to provide a quicker method of assessing intrinsic capacity.