Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology最新文献

Objective: A better understanding of public attitudes towards vaccination and recognition of associated factors with vaccine hesitancy or refusal is important regarding the control of the pandemic. Our aim was to analyze the public's attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and to identify factors affecting them.

Materials and methods: Data were drawn from the Turkish COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring, between July-December 2020, a serial online cross-sectional survey. The sample comprised 3888 adult respondents. Attitudes to vaccines and trust were investigated in 3 periods corresponding to the timeline of pandemic-related events in Turkey.

Results: In the third period of our study, in parallel with the increase in the spread of COVID-19, vaccine hesitancy/refusal increased significantly from 43.9% to 58.9% (P < .001). The significant predictors of vaccine refusal were female gender, being elder, and conspiracy thinking. Having a chronic illness, worrying more about loved ones and the health system being overloaded were significant predictors of vaccine willingness. Less compliance with preventive measures, less knowledge of prevention, reduced risk perception, and higher perception of media hype were COVID-19 variables that correlated with vaccine refusal. Trust in the Ministry of Health and medical professional organizations (e.g., Turkish Medical Association) was the lowest in the third period and vaccine refusal was significantly related to the decreased trust (P < .001, P = .002).

Conclusion: Most respondents (approximately 60%) refused or hesitated to get a COVID-19 vaccine, though acceptability should be monitored when a vaccine becomes available. Health authorities should consider public trust, risk perception, and behavioral factors to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptability.

The present study was conducted to identify clinical factors influencing the readiness to change (RTC) among hazardous drinkers. The data were derived using the Korean Research for Development of Alcohol Addiction Diagnosis and Assessment System. We investigated RTC using a questionnaire on subjects who had never sought help for an alcohol problem. Subjects were then divided into two groups: the precontemplation group (those who had never considered that they had a problem) and the more than contemplation group (those who were at least open to the idea they might have a problem). Measured variables were personal characteristics, lifetime alcohol use history, and responses to the Drinker Inventory of Consequences, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Alcohol Dependence Scale, Motivational Structure Questionnaire for Alcoholics, and the Alcohol Outcome Expectancies Scale. Behavioral, psychiatric, and psychological factors were evaluated according to the responses to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. The valid sample comprised 129 hazardous drinkers, of which 74 were classified as precontemplation, and 55 were in the contemplation group. The results of the binary logistic analysis showed that being unmarried or separated as well as having higher scores for impulse control and social responsibility were independently associated with an increased likelihood of hazardous drinkers being in the contemplation group, and the final model explained 30.5% (Nagelkerke R²) of the variation in membership of the contemplation group.

Objective: Glioblastoma is the most malicious type of glioma presenting a genetic background via diverse mutations and exhibits differential sensitivity to treatment. Meanwhile, schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology. Studies report an elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with schizophrenia and changes in biochemical metabolism. In the present study, the tumor spheroid technology is applied to two different glioblastoma lines which resemble schizophrenia manifestation along with the investigation of the potential anti-tumor effect of an atypical antipsychotic drug, risperidone. Our hypothesis built on case reports showing patients with schizophrenia being treated with risperidone that turned out to have glioblastoma in post-mortem evaluation. Risperidone has been suggested to carry therapeutic effects for glioblastoma and elongated lifespan after the diagnosis of cancer.

Materials and methods: In this current study, 3D models using C6 and U87 glioblastoma cells and monocytes for representing the disease grown as multicellular spheroids were established. Spheroids were treated with the anti-schizophrenic agent risperidone and indicated almost similar results to the clinics suggesting that glioblastoma and schizophrenia share mutual physiological characteristics.

Results: U87 and C6 spheroid systems were analyzed molecularly after the treatment of risperidone where U87 spheroid models were found highly resembling the overall behavior of schizophrenia. This present work correlated the stated two diseases in molecular level to encourage the efforts for personalized medicine.

Conclusion: The anti-tumor effects of risperidone on glioblastoma is not very well established yet. It should not be missed that a picture of schizophrenia in clinics may be the result of an underlying lesion in a specific brain area. Thus, especially schizophrenia patients who may be at risk for developing brain tumors should be further investigated and treated accordingly.