Background: : This study from Istanbul aimed to compare the child and adolescent psychiatric admissions and diagnosis rates between the first 3 months of the pandemic, the previous 3 months in the same year, and the same months in the previous year.
Methods: : Children and adolescents were grouped according to the admission dates. Group A, between March 11 and June 1, 2020; Group B, between January 1 and March 11, 2020; and Group C, between March 11 and June 1, 2019. Only clinical interviews and diagnoses according to Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview were included.
Results: : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)/tic disorder, and intellectual disability (ID) diagnoses were higher in group A than in groups B and C (for ASD, 6.4%, 4.3%, and 3.6%; for OCD/tic disorder, 2.9%, 1.8%, 1.7%; for ID, 3.7%, 2.5%, and 2.1%, respectively) (P < .001). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis was higher in group A than in only group B (59.8% and 49.7%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Depression was higher in group A than in only group C (4.1% and 2.2%, respectively) (P < .001). Conduct disorder (CD) diagnosis was lower in group A than in only group B (3.6% and 6.4%, respectively) (P < .05).
Conclusion: : Child psychiatry diagnosis rates were found to change significantly during the initial phase of the pandemic period. Among the referrals, ASD, OCD, Tic disorder, ID, ADHD, and depression admissions were significantly higher. The rate of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD, increased during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
背景: :这项来自伊斯坦布尔的研究旨在比较大流行病发生后头三个月、同年前三个月和前一年同月的儿童和青少年精神病入院率和诊断率:根据入院日期对儿童和青少年进行分组。A组,2020年3月11日至6月1日;B组,2020年1月1日至3月11日;C组,2019年3月11日至6月1日。仅包括临床访谈和根据 Kiddie 情感障碍和精神分裂症--现在和终生版本(K-SADS-PL)访谈做出的诊断:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)、强迫症(OCD)/抽动障碍和智障(ID)的诊断率在 A 组高于 B 组和 C 组(ASD 分别为 6.4%、4.3% 和 3.6%;强迫症/抽动障碍分别为 2.9%、1.8% 和 1.7%;智障分别为 3.7%、2.5% 和 2.1%)(P < .001)。被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的 A 组人数高于 B 组(分别为 59.8%和 49.7%)(P < 0.001)。抑郁症患者在 A 组的比例(分别为 4.1%和 2.2%)高于仅在 C 组的比例(P < 0.001)。行为障碍 (CD) 的诊断率在 A 组低于 B 组(分别为 3.6% 和 6.4%)(P < .05):儿童精神病学诊断率在大流行初期有明显变化。在转诊病例中,ASD、强迫症、抽搐症、ID、多动症和抑郁症的入院率明显较高。在 COVID-19 大流行的初期阶段,儿科神经发育障碍,尤其是 ASD 的发病率有所上升。
{"title":"Patterns of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Admissions Before and After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Take Home Messages from a Clinical Population.","authors":"Ozalp Ekinci, Ibrahim Adak, Ipek Suzer Gamli, Gulhan Orekici Temel, Gulser Taylan, Zeynep Ece Toksoy, Sukrucan Kocabas, Cagla Boztepe, Sevcan Karakoc, Oguz Bilal Karakus","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23811","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>: This study from Istanbul aimed to compare the child and adolescent psychiatric admissions and diagnosis rates between the first 3 months of the pandemic, the previous 3 months in the same year, and the same months in the previous year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: Children and adolescents were grouped according to the admission dates. Group A, between March 11 and June 1, 2020; Group B, between January 1 and March 11, 2020; and Group C, between March 11 and June 1, 2019. Only clinical interviews and diagnoses according to Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)/tic disorder, and intellectual disability (ID) diagnoses were higher in group A than in groups B and C (for ASD, 6.4%, 4.3%, and 3.6%; for OCD/tic disorder, 2.9%, 1.8%, 1.7%; for ID, 3.7%, 2.5%, and 2.1%, respectively) (<i>P</i> < .001). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis was higher in group A than in only group B (59.8% and 49.7%, respectively) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Depression was higher in group A than in only group C (4.1% and 2.2%, respectively) (<i>P</i> < .001). Conduct disorder (CD) diagnosis was lower in group A than in only group B (3.6% and 6.4%, respectively) (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: Child psychiatry diagnosis rates were found to change significantly during the initial phase of the pandemic period. Among the referrals, ASD, OCD, Tic disorder, ID, ADHD, and depression admissions were significantly higher. The rate of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD, increased during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Our study aimed to investigate the factors associated with mothers' shaking behavior of their babies.
Methods: Sixty-three mothers who stated that they shook their babies (Group B) and 91 mothers who stated that they did not (Group A) among those who applied to or were followed up from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinics of our University Hospital were included. The mothers (with a baby aged 0-30 months) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and psychiatric rating scales measuring attachment styles, empathic tendency, perceived social support, and self-esteem. The severity of the simulated shaking of the mothers was measured by an accelerometer placed on an infant manikin and separately scored on a Numerical Rating Scale by the researchers and an Illustrated Numeric Rating Scale by the mothers.
Results: In group B, babies' crying frequency was higher (P = .008); soothing the babies when they cried was more difficult (P = .019), mothers reported that they were exposed to physical violence more in their childhood (P = .003), BSI hostility scores (P = .004) and BSI-anxiety scores (P = .034) of the mothers were higher when compared with the group A. The age of the babies (P = .002, OR = 1.096), moderate crying frequency (P = .035, OR = 2.900), the mothers' difficulty in soothing their babies (sometimes P = .018, OR = 3.705, often/always P = .014, OR = 7.777), and the mothers' experience of physical violence in childhood (P = .002, OR = 5.674) were found to be factors affecting the shaking behavior.
Conclusion: Clarifying the factors associated with the mothers' shaking behavior of their babies would be helpful in terms of protecting future generations.
{"title":"Assessment of Mothers' Shaking Behavior of their Babies and Related Factors: An Experimental Approach Using an Accelerometer and an Infant Manikin.","authors":"Aliye Tuğba Bahadır, Ezel Bersu Hoşgör Öztürk, Sedef Dinçer Alkan, Kıvanç Albayrak, Talha Berk Altıntaş, Ensar Çelik, Ceyda Afacan, Mehmet Akif İnanıcı","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24852","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our study aimed to investigate the factors associated with mothers' shaking behavior of their babies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-three mothers who stated that they shook their babies (Group B) and 91 mothers who stated that they did not (Group A) among those who applied to or were followed up from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinics of our University Hospital were included. The mothers (with a baby aged 0-30 months) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and psychiatric rating scales measuring attachment styles, empathic tendency, perceived social support, and self-esteem. The severity of the simulated shaking of the mothers was measured by an accelerometer placed on an infant manikin and separately scored on a Numerical Rating Scale by the researchers and an Illustrated Numeric Rating Scale by the mothers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In group B, babies' crying frequency was higher (<i>P = .</i>008); soothing the babies when they cried was more difficult (<i>P = .</i>019), mothers reported that they were exposed to physical violence more in their childhood (<i>P = .</i>003), BSI hostility scores (<i>P = .</i>004) and BSI-anxiety scores (<i>P = .</i>034) of the mothers were higher when compared with the group A. The age of the babies (<i>P = .</i>002, OR = 1.096), moderate crying frequency (<i>P = .</i>035, OR = 2.900), the mothers' difficulty in soothing their babies (sometimes <i>P = .</i>018, OR = 3.705, often/always <i>P = .</i>014, OR = 7.777), and the mothers' experience of physical violence in childhood (<i>P = .</i>002, OR = 5.674) were found to be factors affecting the shaking behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clarifying the factors associated with the mothers' shaking behavior of their babies would be helpful in terms of protecting future generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: It is to examine how child psychiatry admissions, diagnosis and treatment trends in the second wave (September-December 2020/SD20) of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic change compared to the pre-pandemic (SD19) and the first wave (March-June 2020/MJ20).
Methods: Our study was planned as a multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional. Data were obtained from hospital computer systems databases. All patients admitted to the child psychiatry clinic on SD19 and SD20 constituted the study sample. In total, 5244 admissions were assessed.
Results: Of the admissions, 1459 were repeat exams, and 3785 were cases. 50.9% (n = 1927) of the cases came in SD19 and 49.1% (n = 1858) in SD20. In 2019, 37% (n = 825) of cases were girls, compared to 41.6% (n = 646) in 2020 (P = .004). The mean age of those who came in 2019 was 9.61 ± 4.08; The mean age of those who came in 2020 was 10.15 ± 5.38 (P = .002). In 2020, oppositional defiant conduct disorder, major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep-wake disorder, and dysthymia were significantly higher, while specific learning disorders, separation anxiety disorder, and intellectual disability were found to be lower.
Conclusion: The decrease in second-wave admissions is less than in the first wave. In the second wave, externalizing and internalizing problems have increased. Drug therapy was prioritized. Postponing admissions was less in the second wave.
{"title":"Changes in Child Psychiatry Presentations in the Second Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Compared to the Pre-pandemic Period and the First Wave: A Follow-up Study.","authors":"Burcu Yıldırım Budak, Gözde Yazkan Akgül, Ayşe Burcu Erdoğdu Yıldırım, Buğu Subaşı, Yankı Yazgan","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23804","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is to examine how child psychiatry admissions, diagnosis and treatment trends in the second wave (September-December 2020/SD20) of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic change compared to the pre-pandemic (SD19) and the first wave (March-June 2020/MJ20).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study was planned as a multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional. Data were obtained from hospital computer systems databases. All patients admitted to the child psychiatry clinic on SD19 and SD20 constituted the study sample. In total, 5244 admissions were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the admissions, 1459 were repeat exams, and 3785 were cases. 50.9% (n = 1927) of the cases came in SD19 and 49.1% (n = 1858) in SD20. In 2019, 37% (n = 825) of cases were girls, compared to 41.6% (n = 646) in 2020 (<i>P = .</i>004). The mean age of those who came in 2019 was 9.61 ± 4.08; The mean age of those who came in 2020 was 10.15 ± 5.38 (<i>P = .</i>002). In 2020, oppositional defiant conduct disorder, major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep-wake disorder, and dysthymia were significantly higher, while specific learning disorders, separation anxiety disorder, and intellectual disability were found to be lower.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The decrease in second-wave admissions is less than in the first wave. In the second wave, externalizing and internalizing problems have increased. Drug therapy was prioritized. Postponing admissions was less in the second wave.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Psychological resilience is defined as the resilience capacity and the power to recover in the face of stressful life events. Adolescents in institutional care have different individual, familial, and environmental risk factors that negatively affect their psychological resilience. This study aimed to comparatively examine studies that detect the risk factors affecting the resilience of adolescents living in institutional care and make recommendations regarding initiatives or specific outcomes related to this.
Methods: This study systematically reviewed national and international literature databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO host, Psychinfo, Cochrane Library, Turkish Ulakbim, Turkish Medical Directory, and Turkish Psychiatry Directory up to December 2021. Fourteen studies were included in this study.
Results: Many significant risk factors, such as adolescents' interpersonal relationships, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-efficacy levels, problem-solving skills, empathy skills, as well as parental abandonment, domestic violence, socioeconomic poverty, a history of abuse, peer rejection, lack of social support resources, and low academic performance, have been identified and discussed at individual, familial, and environmental levels.
Conclusion: Adolescents in institutional care were more vulnerable and had more mental and behavioral problems than their peers. This systematic review found no studies evaluating preventive programs, interventions, or interventions designed to reduce the frequency and prevalence of future adverse events for children growing up in institutional care settings. Recommends the comprehensive inclusion and evaluation of preventive programs, practices, and assessments aimed at reducing the frequency and prevalence of risk factors affecting resilience.
背景:心理复原力被定义为面对生活压力事件时的恢复能力和复原力。福利院中的青少年有不同的个人、家庭和环境风险因素,这些因素对他们的心理复原力产生了负面影响。本研究旨在通过比较研究发现影响在机构中生活的青少年复原力的风险因素,并就与此相关的举措或具体成果提出建议:本研究系统查阅了截至 2021 年 12 月的国内外文献数据库,如 PubMed、Web of Science、Science Direct、Medline、CINAHL、EBSCO host、Psychinfo、Cochrane Library、Turkish Ulakbim、Turkish Medical Directory 和 Turkish Psychiatry Directory。本研究共纳入 14 项研究:从个人、家庭和环境层面确定并讨论了许多重要的风险因素,如青少年的人际关系、自信心、自尊心、自我效能感水平、解决问题的能力、移情能力,以及父母遗弃、家庭暴力、社会经济贫困、虐待史、同伴排斥、缺乏社会支持资源和学习成绩低下等:结论:与同龄人相比,福利院中的青少年更容易受到伤害,他们的心理和行为问题也更多。本系统综述没有发现任何研究对预防性计划、干预措施或旨在减少机构保育环境中成长的儿童未来不良事件的频率和发生率的干预措施进行评估。建议全面纳入和评估旨在降低影响复原力的风险因素发生频率和发生率的预防性计划、实践和评估。
{"title":"Risk Factors Affecting the Psychological Resilience of Adolescents in Institutional Care: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nazlı Turgut Atak, Hatice Bebiş","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23782","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychological resilience is defined as the resilience capacity and the power to recover in the face of stressful life events. Adolescents in institutional care have different individual, familial, and environmental risk factors that negatively affect their psychological resilience. This study aimed to comparatively examine studies that detect the risk factors affecting the resilience of adolescents living in institutional care and make recommendations regarding initiatives or specific outcomes related to this.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study systematically reviewed national and international literature databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO host, Psychinfo, Cochrane Library, Turkish Ulakbim, Turkish Medical Directory, and Turkish Psychiatry Directory up to December 2021. Fourteen studies were included in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Many significant risk factors, such as adolescents' interpersonal relationships, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-efficacy levels, problem-solving skills, empathy skills, as well as parental abandonment, domestic violence, socioeconomic poverty, a history of abuse, peer rejection, lack of social support resources, and low academic performance, have been identified and discussed at individual, familial, and environmental levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents in institutional care were more vulnerable and had more mental and behavioral problems than their peers. This systematic review found no studies evaluating preventive programs, interventions, or interventions designed to reduce the frequency and prevalence of future adverse events for children growing up in institutional care settings. Recommends the comprehensive inclusion and evaluation of preventive programs, practices, and assessments aimed at reducing the frequency and prevalence of risk factors affecting resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Childhood maltreatment has great impact on physical and mental health. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment experience, social support, Anxiety and Depression, and traumatic stress symptoms in adults.
Methods: There were 113 subjects aged 20-35 recruited. They filled out self-reported questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), Chinese version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), to measure symptom severity regarding childhood maltreatment, Anxiety and Depression, post-traumatic stress/complex post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD/CPTSD), and social support. The symptom severity was compared between maltreatment and non-maltreatment groups. Regression and mediator analyzes were done to investigate the relationship between maltreatment experience, mental impact severity, and the role of social support.
Results: There were 74.3% of participants who had been maltreated as children. Those who experienced maltreatment had more PTSD/CPTSD symptom severity than those who did not. Family support, but not friend support, mediated the relationship between maltreatment and PTSD/CPTSD symptom severity.
Conclusion: Childhood maltreatment was associated with Anxiety and Depression and CPTSD symptom severity in young adults. Future prospective studies are warranted to investigate the role of family support in preventing consequences after maltreatment.
{"title":"Childhood Maltreatment Associated with Anxiety and Depression and Complex PTSD Symptoms.","authors":"Yan Wen Zeng, Shih-Han Chiu, Chin-Bin Yeh","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24842","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood maltreatment has great impact on physical and mental health. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment experience, social support, Anxiety and Depression, and traumatic stress symptoms in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>There were 113 subjects aged 20-35 recruited. They filled out self-reported questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), Chinese version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), to measure symptom severity regarding childhood maltreatment, Anxiety and Depression, post-traumatic stress/complex post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD/CPTSD), and social support. The symptom severity was compared between maltreatment and non-maltreatment groups. Regression and mediator analyzes were done to investigate the relationship between maltreatment experience, mental impact severity, and the role of social support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 74.3% of participants who had been maltreated as children. Those who experienced maltreatment had more PTSD/CPTSD symptom severity than those who did not. Family support, but not friend support, mediated the relationship between maltreatment and PTSD/CPTSD symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Childhood maltreatment was associated with Anxiety and Depression and CPTSD symptom severity in young adults. Future prospective studies are warranted to investigate the role of family support in preventing consequences after maltreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: To explore the mediating effect of smartphone addiction between psychological resilience and insomnia among university students.
Methods: This study included 581 clinical medical students from the Dalian Medical University, enrolled between September 2020 and May 2023. The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess smartphone addiction, insomnia, and psychological resilience among the students. The Process macro and Bootstrap methods were employed to analyze the mediating effect of smartphone addiction between psychological resilience and insomnia.
Results: The detection rate of smartphone addiction was 28.06% (163/581), and the detection rate of insomnia was 26.17% (152/581). The total SAS-SV score was 27.60 ± 14.27, the total ISI score was 6.60 ± 5.33, and the total CD-RISC score was 72.86 ± 6.88. There was a significant negative correlation between the total CD-RISC score and the total SAS-SV score (r = -0.4129, P < .0001), and a significant negative correlation between the total CD-RISC score and the total ISI score (r = -2.942, P < .0001). The total SAS-SV score and the total ISI score were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.5687, P < .0001). Psychological resilience was used as the independent variable, insomnia as the dependent variable, and smartphone addiction as the mediating variable in the mediation effect analysis. Psychological resilience negatively predicted insomnia (β = -0.0940, P < .0001), smartphone addiction positively predicted insomnia (β = 0.1564, P < .0001), and smartphone addiction mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and insomnia (effect value = -0.1339, 95% CI: -0.1680 to -0.1034), with an effect size of 58.75%.
Conclusion: Psychological resilience directly affects insomnia and also indirectly affects insomnia through the mediating effect of smartphone addiction.
{"title":"The Role of Smartphone Addiction as a Mediator between Psychological Resilience and Insomnia in Medical Students at a University.","authors":"Fan Li","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24910","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To explore the mediating effect of smartphone addiction between psychological resilience and insomnia among university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 581 clinical medical students from the Dalian Medical University, enrolled between September 2020 and May 2023. The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess smartphone addiction, insomnia, and psychological resilience among the students. The Process macro and Bootstrap methods were employed to analyze the mediating effect of smartphone addiction between psychological resilience and insomnia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The detection rate of smartphone addiction was 28.06% (163/581), and the detection rate of insomnia was 26.17% (152/581). The total SAS-SV score was 27.60 ± 14.27, the total ISI score was 6.60 ± 5.33, and the total CD-RISC score was 72.86 ± 6.88. There was a significant negative correlation between the total CD-RISC score and the total SAS-SV score (<i>r</i> = -0.4129, <i>P</i> < .0001), and a significant negative correlation between the total CD-RISC score and the total ISI score (<i>r</i> = -2.942, <i>P</i> < .0001). The total SAS-SV score and the total ISI score were significantly positively correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.5687, <i>P</i> < .0001). Psychological resilience was used as the independent variable, insomnia as the dependent variable, and smartphone addiction as the mediating variable in the mediation effect analysis. Psychological resilience negatively predicted insomnia (<i>β</i> = -0.0940, <i>P</i> < .0001), smartphone addiction positively predicted insomnia (<i>β</i> = 0.1564, <i>P</i> < .0001), and smartphone addiction mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and insomnia (effect value = -0.1339, 95% CI: -0.1680 to -0.1034), with an effect size of 58.75%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychological resilience directly affects insomnia and also indirectly affects insomnia through the mediating effect of smartphone addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekbom's syndrome (ES), also referred to as delusional parasitosis, is a psychiatric disorder that is relatively uncommon. It is characterized by a robust and unwavering belief in infestation despite the absence of predominant hallucinations or formal thought disorders. Ekbom syndrome presents in 2 main forms: primary, marked by delusions and abnormal tactile sensations; and secondary, where symptoms arise due to another underlying organic condition. In primary ES, the therapeutic approach primarily relies on antipsychotic (AP) medications. This article presents a case with primary ES showing that atypical APs with aripiprazole and brexpiprazole effectively treat this disease. Brexpiprazole, compared to aripiprazole, induced less tremor and akathisia in the case report, suggesting it might be more suitable for treating this condition.
埃克博姆综合征(ES)又称妄想性寄生虫病,是一种比较少见的精神疾病。它的特点是,尽管没有明显的幻觉或正式的思维障碍,但患者却坚定不移地相信有寄生虫。埃克博姆综合征主要有两种表现形式:原发性,以妄想和异常触觉为特征;继发性,由于另一种潜在的器质性疾病而出现症状。对于原发性埃克博姆综合征,治疗方法主要依赖于抗精神病药物(AP)。本文介绍的一个原发性 ES 病例表明,阿立哌唑和布来哌唑等非典型抗精神病药物能有效治疗这种疾病。与阿立哌唑相比,布雷哌唑在该病例报告中引起的震颤和运动障碍较少,这表明它可能更适合治疗这种疾病。
{"title":"Brexpiprazole for a Patient with Ekbom Syndrome with Intolerable Side Effect of Aripiprazole.","authors":"Yu-Chih Shen, Chun-Yuan Hsiao","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24865","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ekbom's syndrome (ES), also referred to as delusional parasitosis, is a psychiatric disorder that is relatively uncommon. It is characterized by a robust and unwavering belief in infestation despite the absence of predominant hallucinations or formal thought disorders. Ekbom syndrome presents in 2 main forms: primary, marked by delusions and abnormal tactile sensations; and secondary, where symptoms arise due to another underlying organic condition. In primary ES, the therapeutic approach primarily relies on antipsychotic (AP) medications. This article presents a case with primary ES showing that atypical APs with aripiprazole and brexpiprazole effectively treat this disease. Brexpiprazole, compared to aripiprazole, induced less tremor and akathisia in the case report, suggesting it might be more suitable for treating this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aims to examine leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms and serum levels in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Methods: The study comprised a case group of 40 children aged 2-7 diagnosed with ASD and a control group of 40 healthy children. The severity of ASD symptoms was assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Behavior Checklist. Leptin and ghrelin gene variants were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Serum ghrelin and leptin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
Results: In this study, gene polymorphisms and allele frequencies were examined, and no significant difference was found (P > .05 for all). Our findings indicated no significant difference in leptin serum levels between the groups (P = .584). However, ghrelin serum levels were significantly lower in the ASD group (P = .027). Receiver operating curve analysis to determine the cutoff value of serum ghrelin level as a diagnostic indicator for ASD resulted in a cutoff value of 885.7 pg/mL with 42.50% sensitivity and 85% specificity (P = .021). No significant relationship was found between leptin and ghrelin serum levels and the severity of ASD (P > .05 for all).
Conclusion: Our study is the first to evaluate leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms in ASD. Our findings indicate no association between leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms and ASD. However, our study suggests that ghrelin serum levels may potentially contribute to the etiology of ASD. More research is needed to understand the role of leptin and ghrelin in ASD.
{"title":"Genetic Variations and Serum Levels of Leptin and Ghrelin in Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Özlem Nehir Yazici, Nilfer Şahin, Çilem Özdemir, Ercan Saruhan, Hatice Topal, Tarkan Yazıcı, Özge Dombaycı, Gülsüm Demirkan Başkaya, Tuba Edgünlü","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24827","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.24827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to examine leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms and serum levels in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised a case group of 40 children aged 2-7 diagnosed with ASD and a control group of 40 healthy children. The severity of ASD symptoms was assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Behavior Checklist. Leptin and ghrelin gene variants were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Serum ghrelin and leptin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, gene polymorphisms and allele frequencies were examined, and no significant difference was found (<i>P</i> > .05 for all). Our findings indicated no significant difference in leptin serum levels between the groups (<i>P</i> = .584). However, ghrelin serum levels were significantly lower in the ASD group (<i>P</i> = .027). Receiver operating curve analysis to determine the cutoff value of serum ghrelin level as a diagnostic indicator for ASD resulted in a cutoff value of 885.7 pg/mL with 42.50% sensitivity and 85% specificity (<i>P</i> = .021). No significant relationship was found between leptin and ghrelin serum levels and the severity of ASD (<i>P</i> > .05 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study is the first to evaluate leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms in ASD. Our findings indicate no association between leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms and ASD. However, our study suggests that ghrelin serum levels may potentially contribute to the etiology of ASD. More research is needed to understand the role of leptin and ghrelin in ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Zuo, Jiawei Wang, Zhexuan Gong, Fulin Liu, Tongtong Liu
This article examines the relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying the connection and the historical status of transcatheter PFO closure as a treatment for migraine. Patent foramen ovale is the most prevalent congenital cardiac defect in adults and frequently co-occurs with migraine, particularly migraine with aura. This article reviews several studies that have identified a significant prevalence of PFO in patients with migraine, implying that PFO and migraine may be more closely associated than previously thought. The underlying mechanisms of this association involve the transfer of emboli from the venous system to systemic circulation through the PFO, which can result in a range of clinical conditions. Transcatheter PFO closure therapy has demonstrated benefits in some patients with migraine; however, additional research is required to determine its effectiveness and safety. This article offers a comprehensive review of the current understanding of the link between PFO and migraine and emphasizes the need for further research in this field.
{"title":"Advances in the Study of the Correlation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine.","authors":"Yue Zuo, Jiawei Wang, Zhexuan Gong, Fulin Liu, Tongtong Liu","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23810","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying the connection and the historical status of transcatheter PFO closure as a treatment for migraine. Patent foramen ovale is the most prevalent congenital cardiac defect in adults and frequently co-occurs with migraine, particularly migraine with aura. This article reviews several studies that have identified a significant prevalence of PFO in patients with migraine, implying that PFO and migraine may be more closely associated than previously thought. The underlying mechanisms of this association involve the transfer of emboli from the venous system to systemic circulation through the PFO, which can result in a range of clinical conditions. Transcatheter PFO closure therapy has demonstrated benefits in some patients with migraine; however, additional research is required to determine its effectiveness and safety. This article offers a comprehensive review of the current understanding of the link between PFO and migraine and emphasizes the need for further research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Şeyma Sehlikoğlu, Sevler Yıldız, Aslı Kazğan Kılıçaslan, Osman Kurt, Erkan Göçüm, Behice Han Almiş
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the complete blood cell count parameters of patients with methamphetamine and synthetic cannabis use disorder (MCUD), a condition that has recently exhibited a gradual increase in prevalence, with those of healthy subjects.
Methods: In total, 76 patients diagnosed with MCUD and 78 healthy controls were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants at presentation for laboratory examination.
Results: The rate of mono- and poly-substance users in the patient group was 14.5% and 85.5%, respectively. The average duration of methamphetamine (METH) use in the patient group is 3.0 ± 1.9 years. White blood cell (P < .001), PLT (P = .005), monocyte count (P < .001), basophil count (P < .001), neutrophil count (P < .001), lymphocyte count (P < .001) basophil/lymphocyte ratio (BLR) (P = .04), SII (P = .006), and SIRI (P = .001) values were significantly higher. In contrast Hgb (P = .043), Hct (P = .002), monocyte percentage (P = .004), and RBC (P = .021) values were significantly lower in the MCUD group compared to the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (r = .552 P < .001) and between systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (r = 0.580 P < .001).
Conclusion: Methamphetamine and cannabis may affect the levels of inflammatory markers and SII and SIRI values through various mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the relevant literature, which investigated SII and SIRI values in patients with MCUD, therefore, the results can contribute to the future development of immune system-related markers in this field.
{"title":"Evaluation of Complete Blood Cell Count Parameters and Their Role in Inflammation in Patients with Methamphetamine and Synthetic Cannabis Use Disorder.","authors":"Şeyma Sehlikoğlu, Sevler Yıldız, Aslı Kazğan Kılıçaslan, Osman Kurt, Erkan Göçüm, Behice Han Almiş","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23803","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2024.23803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the complete blood cell count parameters of patients with methamphetamine and synthetic cannabis use disorder (MCUD), a condition that has recently exhibited a gradual increase in prevalence, with those of healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 76 patients diagnosed with MCUD and 78 healthy controls were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants at presentation for laboratory examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of mono- and poly-substance users in the patient group was 14.5% and 85.5%, respectively. The average duration of methamphetamine (METH) use in the patient group is 3.0 ± 1.9 years. White blood cell (<i>P</i> < .001), PLT (<i>P</i> = .005), monocyte count (<i>P</i> < .001), basophil count (<i>P</i> < .001), neutrophil count (<i>P</i> < .001), lymphocyte count (<i>P</i> < .001) basophil/lymphocyte ratio (BLR) (<i>P</i> = .04), SII (<i>P</i> = .006), and SIRI (<i>P</i> = .001) values were significantly higher. In contrast Hgb (<i>P</i> = .043), Hct (<i>P</i> = .002), monocyte percentage (<i>P</i> = .004), and RBC (<i>P</i> = .021) values were significantly lower in the MCUD group compared to the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (<i>r</i> = .552 <i>P</i> < .001) and between systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (<i>r</i> = 0.580 <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Methamphetamine and cannabis may affect the levels of inflammatory markers and SII and SIRI values through various mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the relevant literature, which investigated SII and SIRI values in patients with MCUD, therefore, the results can contribute to the future development of immune system-related markers in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11332474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}