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Patterns of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Admissions Before and After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Take Home Messages from a Clinical Population. COVID-19 大流行前后儿童和青少年精神病入院模式:来自临床人群的启示。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.23811
Ozalp Ekinci, Ibrahim Adak, Ipek Suzer Gamli, Gulhan Orekici Temel, Gulser Taylan, Zeynep Ece Toksoy, Sukrucan Kocabas, Cagla Boztepe, Sevcan Karakoc, Oguz Bilal Karakus

Background: : This study from Istanbul aimed to compare the child and adolescent psychiatric admissions and diagnosis rates between the first 3 months of the pandemic, the previous 3 months in the same year, and the same months in the previous year.

Methods: : Children and adolescents were grouped according to the admission dates. Group A, between March 11 and June 1, 2020; Group B, between January 1 and March 11, 2020; and Group C, between March 11 and June 1, 2019. Only clinical interviews and diagnoses according to Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview were included.

Results: : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)/tic disorder, and intellectual disability (ID) diagnoses were higher in group A than in groups B and C (for ASD, 6.4%, 4.3%, and 3.6%; for OCD/tic disorder, 2.9%, 1.8%, 1.7%; for ID, 3.7%, 2.5%, and 2.1%, respectively) (P < .001). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis was higher in group A than in only group B (59.8% and 49.7%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Depression was higher in group A than in only group C (4.1% and 2.2%, respectively) (P < .001). Conduct disorder (CD) diagnosis was lower in group A than in only group B (3.6% and 6.4%, respectively) (P < .05).

Conclusion: : Child psychiatry diagnosis rates were found to change significantly during the initial phase of the pandemic period. Among the referrals, ASD, OCD, Tic disorder, ID, ADHD, and depression admissions were significantly higher. The rate of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD, increased during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

背景: :这项来自伊斯坦布尔的研究旨在比较大流行病发生后头三个月、同年前三个月和前一年同月的儿童和青少年精神病入院率和诊断率:根据入院日期对儿童和青少年进行分组。A组,2020年3月11日至6月1日;B组,2020年1月1日至3月11日;C组,2019年3月11日至6月1日。仅包括临床访谈和根据 Kiddie 情感障碍和精神分裂症--现在和终生版本(K-SADS-PL)访谈做出的诊断:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)、强迫症(OCD)/抽动障碍和智障(ID)的诊断率在 A 组高于 B 组和 C 组(ASD 分别为 6.4%、4.3% 和 3.6%;强迫症/抽动障碍分别为 2.9%、1.8% 和 1.7%;智障分别为 3.7%、2.5% 和 2.1%)(P < .001)。被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的 A 组人数高于 B 组(分别为 59.8%和 49.7%)(P < 0.001)。抑郁症患者在 A 组的比例(分别为 4.1%和 2.2%)高于仅在 C 组的比例(P < 0.001)。行为障碍 (CD) 的诊断率在 A 组低于 B 组(分别为 3.6% 和 6.4%)(P < .05):儿童精神病学诊断率在大流行初期有明显变化。在转诊病例中,ASD、强迫症、抽搐症、ID、多动症和抑郁症的入院率明显较高。在 COVID-19 大流行的初期阶段,儿科神经发育障碍,尤其是 ASD 的发病率有所上升。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Mothers' Shaking Behavior of their Babies and Related Factors: An Experimental Approach Using an Accelerometer and an Infant Manikin. 评估母亲对婴儿的摇晃行为及相关因素:使用加速度计和婴儿人体模型的实验方法。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.24852
Aliye Tuğba Bahadır, Ezel Bersu Hoşgör Öztürk, Sedef Dinçer Alkan, Kıvanç Albayrak, Talha Berk Altıntaş, Ensar Çelik, Ceyda Afacan, Mehmet Akif İnanıcı

Background: Our study aimed to investigate the factors associated with mothers' shaking behavior of their babies.

Methods: Sixty-three mothers who stated that they shook their babies (Group B) and 91 mothers who stated that they did not (Group A) among those who applied to or were followed up from the Pediatric Outpatient Clinics of our University Hospital were included. The mothers (with a baby aged 0-30 months) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and psychiatric rating scales measuring attachment styles, empathic tendency, perceived social support, and self-esteem. The severity of the simulated shaking of the mothers was measured by an accelerometer placed on an infant manikin and separately scored on a Numerical Rating Scale by the researchers and an Illustrated Numeric Rating Scale by the mothers.

Results: In group B, babies' crying frequency was higher (P = .008); soothing the babies when they cried was more difficult (P = .019), mothers reported that they were exposed to physical violence more in their childhood (P = .003), BSI hostility scores (P = .004) and BSI-anxiety scores (P = .034) of the mothers were higher when compared with the group A. The age of the babies (P = .002, OR = 1.096), moderate crying frequency (P = .035, OR = 2.900), the mothers' difficulty in soothing their babies (sometimes P = .018, OR = 3.705, often/always P = .014, OR = 7.777), and the mothers' experience of physical violence in childhood (P = .002, OR = 5.674) were found to be factors affecting the shaking behavior.

Conclusion: Clarifying the factors associated with the mothers' shaking behavior of their babies would be helpful in terms of protecting future generations.

研究背景我们的研究旨在调查母亲摇晃婴儿行为的相关因素:在本大学医院儿科门诊申请或接受随访的母亲中,有 63 位母亲表示自己摇晃过婴儿(B 组),91 位母亲表示自己没有摇晃过婴儿(A 组)。这些母亲(婴儿年龄为 0-30 个月)填写了简明症状量表(BSI)和精神评分量表,测量依恋风格、移情倾向、感知的社会支持和自尊。母亲模拟摇晃的严重程度由放置在婴儿人体模型上的加速度计测量,并分别由研究人员和母亲按数字分级量表和图解数字分级量表评分:与A组相比,B组婴儿的哭闹频率更高(P = .008);婴儿哭闹时安抚婴儿更加困难(P = .019);母亲称其童年时期遭受过更多的身体暴力(P = .003);母亲的BSI敌意评分(P = .004)和BSI焦虑评分(P = .034)更高。结论:明确婴儿摇晃行为的相关因素,可以帮助我们更好地理解婴儿摇晃行为:结论:明确母亲摇晃婴儿行为的相关因素有助于保护下一代。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in Child Psychiatry Presentations in the Second Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Compared to the Pre-pandemic Period and the First Wave: A Follow-up Study. 与流行前和第一波相比,2019 年冠状病毒病第二波流行中儿童精神病学表现的变化:后续研究。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.23804
Burcu Yıldırım Budak, Gözde Yazkan Akgül, Ayşe Burcu Erdoğdu Yıldırım, Buğu Subaşı, Yankı Yazgan

Background: It is to examine how child psychiatry admissions, diagnosis and treatment trends in the second wave (September-December 2020/SD20) of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic change compared to the pre-pandemic (SD19) and the first wave (March-June 2020/MJ20).

Methods: Our study was planned as a multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional. Data were obtained from hospital computer systems databases. All patients admitted to the child psychiatry clinic on SD19 and SD20 constituted the study sample. In total, 5244 admissions were assessed.

Results: Of the admissions, 1459 were repeat exams, and 3785 were cases. 50.9% (n = 1927) of the cases came in SD19 and 49.1% (n = 1858) in SD20. In 2019, 37% (n = 825) of cases were girls, compared to 41.6% (n = 646) in 2020 (P = .004). The mean age of those who came in 2019 was 9.61 ± 4.08; The mean age of those who came in 2020 was 10.15 ± 5.38 (P = .002). In 2020, oppositional defiant conduct disorder, major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep-wake disorder, and dysthymia were significantly higher, while specific learning disorders, separation anxiety disorder, and intellectual disability were found to be lower.

Conclusion: The decrease in second-wave admissions is less than in the first wave. In the second wave, externalizing and internalizing problems have increased. Drug therapy was prioritized. Postponing admissions was less in the second wave.

背景:本研究旨在探讨2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行第二波(2020年9月至12月/SD20)与大流行前(SD19)和第一波(2020年3月至6月/MJ20)相比,儿童精神科入院人数、诊断和治疗趋势有何变化:我们的研究计划是一项多中心、回顾性横断面研究。数据来自医院计算机系统数据库。所有在 SD19 和 SD20 期间入住儿童精神科诊所的患者均构成研究样本。共评估了 5244 例入院患者:在入院患者中,1459 人为复诊患者,3785 人为病例。50.9%(n = 1927)的病例来自 SD19,49.1%(n = 1858)的病例来自 SD20。2019年,37%(n = 825)的病例为女孩,而2020年为41.6%(n = 646)(P = .004)。2019年的平均年龄为(9.61 ± 4.08)岁;2020年的平均年龄为(10.15 ± 5.38)岁(P = .002)。2020年,对立违抗性品行障碍、重度抑郁障碍、社交焦虑障碍、强迫症、睡眠觉醒障碍和癔症显著增加,而特殊学习障碍、分离焦虑障碍和智力障碍则有所减少:结论:第二波入院人数的减少幅度低于第一波。结论:第二波入院人数的降幅小于第一波,外化和内化问题有所增加。药物治疗被列为优先事项。推迟入院的情况在第二波中有所减少。
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引用次数: 0
Risk Factors Affecting the Psychological Resilience of Adolescents in Institutional Care: A Systematic Review. 影响机构收容青少年心理复原力的风险因素:系统回顾
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.23782
Nazlı Turgut Atak, Hatice Bebiş

Background: Psychological resilience is defined as the resilience capacity and the power to recover in the face of stressful life events. Adolescents in institutional care have different individual, familial, and environmental risk factors that negatively affect their psychological resilience. This study aimed to comparatively examine studies that detect the risk factors affecting the resilience of adolescents living in institutional care and make recommendations regarding initiatives or specific outcomes related to this.

Methods: This study systematically reviewed national and international literature databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO host, Psychinfo, Cochrane Library, Turkish Ulakbim, Turkish Medical Directory, and Turkish Psychiatry Directory up to December 2021. Fourteen studies were included in this study.

Results: Many significant risk factors, such as adolescents' interpersonal relationships, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-efficacy levels, problem-solving skills, empathy skills, as well as parental abandonment, domestic violence, socioeconomic poverty, a history of abuse, peer rejection, lack of social support resources, and low academic performance, have been identified and discussed at individual, familial, and environmental levels.

Conclusion: Adolescents in institutional care were more vulnerable and had more mental and behavioral problems than their peers. This systematic review found no studies evaluating preventive programs, interventions, or interventions designed to reduce the frequency and prevalence of future adverse events for children growing up in institutional care settings. Recommends the comprehensive inclusion and evaluation of preventive programs, practices, and assessments aimed at reducing the frequency and prevalence of risk factors affecting resilience.

背景:心理复原力被定义为面对生活压力事件时的恢复能力和复原力。福利院中的青少年有不同的个人、家庭和环境风险因素,这些因素对他们的心理复原力产生了负面影响。本研究旨在通过比较研究发现影响在机构中生活的青少年复原力的风险因素,并就与此相关的举措或具体成果提出建议:本研究系统查阅了截至 2021 年 12 月的国内外文献数据库,如 PubMed、Web of Science、Science Direct、Medline、CINAHL、EBSCO host、Psychinfo、Cochrane Library、Turkish Ulakbim、Turkish Medical Directory 和 Turkish Psychiatry Directory。本研究共纳入 14 项研究:从个人、家庭和环境层面确定并讨论了许多重要的风险因素,如青少年的人际关系、自信心、自尊心、自我效能感水平、解决问题的能力、移情能力,以及父母遗弃、家庭暴力、社会经济贫困、虐待史、同伴排斥、缺乏社会支持资源和学习成绩低下等:结论:与同龄人相比,福利院中的青少年更容易受到伤害,他们的心理和行为问题也更多。本系统综述没有发现任何研究对预防性计划、干预措施或旨在减少机构保育环境中成长的儿童未来不良事件的频率和发生率的干预措施进行评估。建议全面纳入和评估旨在降低影响复原力的风险因素发生频率和发生率的预防性计划、实践和评估。
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引用次数: 0
Childhood Maltreatment Associated with Anxiety and Depression and Complex PTSD Symptoms. 与焦虑、抑郁和复杂创伤后应激障碍症状相关的童年虐待。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.24842
Yan Wen Zeng, Shih-Han Chiu, Chin-Bin Yeh

Background: Childhood maltreatment has great impact on physical and mental health. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment experience, social support, Anxiety and Depression, and traumatic stress symptoms in adults.

Methods: There were 113 subjects aged 20-35 recruited. They filled out self-reported questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), Chinese version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), to measure symptom severity regarding childhood maltreatment, Anxiety and Depression, post-traumatic stress/complex post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD/CPTSD), and social support. The symptom severity was compared between maltreatment and non-maltreatment groups. Regression and mediator analyzes were done to investigate the relationship between maltreatment experience, mental impact severity, and the role of social support.

Results: There were 74.3% of participants who had been maltreated as children. Those who experienced maltreatment had more PTSD/CPTSD symptom severity than those who did not. Family support, but not friend support, mediated the relationship between maltreatment and PTSD/CPTSD symptom severity.

Conclusion: Childhood maltreatment was associated with Anxiety and Depression and CPTSD symptom severity in young adults. Future prospective studies are warranted to investigate the role of family support in preventing consequences after maltreatment.

背景:童年虐待对身心健康有很大影响。本研究旨在调查成人的童年虐待经历、社会支持、焦虑和抑郁以及创伤应激症状之间的关系:方法:共招募了 113 名年龄在 20-35 岁之间的受试者。他们填写了自我报告问卷,包括童年创伤问卷简表(CTQ-SF)、贝克焦虑量表(BAI)、贝克抑郁量表(BDI-II)、国际创伤问卷(ITQ)、DSM-5创伤后应激障碍核对表中文版(PCL-5)以及创伤后应激障碍多维量表、和感知社会支持多维量表(MSPSS),以测量童年虐待、焦虑和抑郁、创伤后应激/复合创伤后应激症状(PTSD/CPTSD)和社会支持的症状严重程度。对虐待组和非虐待组的症状严重程度进行了比较。对虐待经历、精神影响严重程度和社会支持的作用之间的关系进行了回归分析和中介分析:结果:74.3%的参与者在孩童时期曾遭受过虐待。经历过虐待的人比没有经历过虐待的人有更严重的创伤后应激障碍/慢性创伤后应激障碍症状。家庭支持(而非朋友支持)对虐待与创伤后应激障碍/慢性创伤后应激障碍症状严重程度之间的关系起到了中介作用:结论:童年虐待与青少年焦虑、抑郁和 CPTSD 症状严重程度有关。今后有必要开展前瞻性研究,探讨家庭支持在预防虐待后遗症方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Smartphone Addiction as a Mediator between Psychological Resilience and Insomnia in Medical Students at a University. 智能手机成瘾在医学生心理复原力与失眠之间的中介作用。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.24910
Fan Li

Background: To explore the mediating effect of smartphone addiction between psychological resilience and insomnia among university students.

Methods: This study included 581 clinical medical students from the Dalian Medical University, enrolled between September 2020 and May 2023. The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess smartphone addiction, insomnia, and psychological resilience among the students. The Process macro and Bootstrap methods were employed to analyze the mediating effect of smartphone addiction between psychological resilience and insomnia.

Results: The detection rate of smartphone addiction was 28.06% (163/581), and the detection rate of insomnia was 26.17% (152/581). The total SAS-SV score was 27.60 ± 14.27, the total ISI score was 6.60 ± 5.33, and the total CD-RISC score was 72.86 ± 6.88. There was a significant negative correlation between the total CD-RISC score and the total SAS-SV score (r = -0.4129, P < .0001), and a significant negative correlation between the total CD-RISC score and the total ISI score (r = -2.942, P < .0001). The total SAS-SV score and the total ISI score were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.5687, P < .0001). Psychological resilience was used as the independent variable, insomnia as the dependent variable, and smartphone addiction as the mediating variable in the mediation effect analysis. Psychological resilience negatively predicted insomnia (β = -0.0940, P < .0001), smartphone addiction positively predicted insomnia (β = 0.1564, P < .0001), and smartphone addiction mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and insomnia (effect value = -0.1339, 95% CI: -0.1680 to -0.1034), with an effect size of 58.75%.

Conclusion: Psychological resilience directly affects insomnia and also indirectly affects insomnia through the mediating effect of smartphone addiction.

背景:探讨智能手机成瘾与大学生失眠之间的中介效应:目的:探讨智能手机成瘾在大学生心理复原力和失眠之间的中介效应:本研究纳入了大连医科大学 581 名临床医学专业学生,入学时间为 2020 年 9 月至 2023 年 5 月。采用智能手机成瘾量表(SAS-SV)、失眠严重程度指数(ISI)和康纳-戴维森复原力量表(CD-RISC)对学生的智能手机成瘾、失眠和心理复原力进行评估。采用过程宏法和Bootstrap法分析智能手机成瘾在心理复原力和失眠之间的中介效应:智能手机成瘾检出率为 28.06%(163/581),失眠检出率为 26.17%(152/581)。SAS-SV总分为(27.60 ± 14.27)分,ISI总分为(6.60 ± 5.33)分,CD-RISC总分为(72.86 ± 6.88)分。CD-RISC 总分与 SAS-SV 总分呈显著负相关(r = -0.4129,P < .0001),CD-RISC 总分与 ISI 总分呈显著负相关(r = -2.942,P < .0001)。SAS-SV 总分与 ISI 总分呈显著正相关(r = 0.5687,P < .0001)。在中介效应分析中,心理复原力作为自变量,失眠作为因变量,智能手机成瘾作为中介变量。心理复原力对失眠有负向预测作用(β = -0.0940,P < .0001),智能手机成瘾对失眠有正向预测作用(β = 0.1564,P < .0001),智能手机成瘾对心理复原力和失眠之间的关系有中介作用(效应值 = -0.1339,95% CI:-0.1680 至 -0.1034),效应大小为 58.75%:结论:心理复原力直接影响失眠,并通过智能手机成瘾的中介效应间接影响失眠。
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引用次数: 0
Brexpiprazole for a Patient with Ekbom Syndrome with Intolerable Side Effect of Aripiprazole. 布雷哌唑治疗一名无法忍受阿立哌唑副作用的埃克博姆综合征患者。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.24865
Yu-Chih Shen, Chun-Yuan Hsiao

Ekbom's syndrome (ES), also referred to as delusional parasitosis, is a psychiatric disorder that is relatively uncommon. It is characterized by a robust and unwavering belief in infestation despite the absence of predominant hallucinations or formal thought disorders. Ekbom syndrome presents in 2 main forms: primary, marked by delusions and abnormal tactile sensations; and secondary, where symptoms arise due to another underlying organic condition. In primary ES, the therapeutic approach primarily relies on antipsychotic (AP) medications. This article presents a case with primary ES showing that atypical APs with aripiprazole and brexpiprazole effectively treat this disease. Brexpiprazole, compared to aripiprazole, induced less tremor and akathisia in the case report, suggesting it might be more suitable for treating this condition.

埃克博姆综合征(ES)又称妄想性寄生虫病,是一种比较少见的精神疾病。它的特点是,尽管没有明显的幻觉或正式的思维障碍,但患者却坚定不移地相信有寄生虫。埃克博姆综合征主要有两种表现形式:原发性,以妄想和异常触觉为特征;继发性,由于另一种潜在的器质性疾病而出现症状。对于原发性埃克博姆综合征,治疗方法主要依赖于抗精神病药物(AP)。本文介绍的一个原发性 ES 病例表明,阿立哌唑和布来哌唑等非典型抗精神病药物能有效治疗这种疾病。与阿立哌唑相比,布雷哌唑在该病例报告中引起的震颤和运动障碍较少,这表明它可能更适合治疗这种疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Variations and Serum Levels of Leptin and Ghrelin in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍的基因变异与血清中瘦素和胃泌素的水平。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.24827
Özlem Nehir Yazici, Nilfer Şahin, Çilem Özdemir, Ercan Saruhan, Hatice Topal, Tarkan Yazıcı, Özge Dombaycı, Gülsüm Demirkan Başkaya, Tuba Edgünlü

Background: This study aims to examine leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms and serum levels in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: The study comprised a case group of 40 children aged 2-7 diagnosed with ASD and a control group of 40 healthy children. The severity of ASD symptoms was assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Behavior Checklist. Leptin and ghrelin gene variants were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Serum ghrelin and leptin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results: In this study, gene polymorphisms and allele frequencies were examined, and no significant difference was found (P > .05 for all). Our findings indicated no significant difference in leptin serum levels between the groups (P = .584). However, ghrelin serum levels were significantly lower in the ASD group (P = .027). Receiver operating curve analysis to determine the cutoff value of serum ghrelin level as a diagnostic indicator for ASD resulted in a cutoff value of 885.7 pg/mL with 42.50% sensitivity and 85% specificity (P = .021). No significant relationship was found between leptin and ghrelin serum levels and the severity of ASD (P > .05 for all).

Conclusion: Our study is the first to evaluate leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms in ASD. Our findings indicate no association between leptin and ghrelin gene polymorphisms and ASD. However, our study suggests that ghrelin serum levels may potentially contribute to the etiology of ASD. More research is needed to understand the role of leptin and ghrelin in ASD.

研究背景本研究旨在探讨自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的瘦素和胃泌素基因多态性及血清水平:研究包括一个病例组(40 名 2-7 岁被诊断为 ASD 的儿童)和一个对照组(40 名健康儿童)。自闭症症状的严重程度通过儿童自闭症评定量表和自闭症行为核对表进行评估。使用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法对瘦素和胃泌素基因变异进行了基因分型。使用酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒测定血清胃泌素和瘦素水平:本研究对基因多态性和等位基因频率进行了检测,未发现显著差异(P > .05)。研究结果表明,各组间瘦素血清水平无明显差异(P = .584)。然而,ASD 组的胃泌素血清水平明显较低(P = .027)。通过接收者操作曲线分析,确定了作为 ASD 诊断指标的血清胃泌素水平的临界值为 885.7 pg/mL,灵敏度为 42.50%,特异度为 85% (P = .021)。在瘦素和胃泌素血清水平与ASD严重程度之间没有发现明显的关系(均为P > .05):我们的研究首次评估了 ASD 中瘦素和胃泌素基因的多态性。我们的研究结果表明,瘦素和胃泌素基因多态性与 ASD 之间没有关联。然而,我们的研究表明,胃泌素血清水平可能是导致 ASD 病因的潜在因素。要了解瘦素和胃泌素在 ASD 中的作用,还需要进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in the Study of the Correlation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine. 气孔闭锁与偏头痛相关性研究的进展。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.23810
Yue Zuo, Jiawei Wang, Zhexuan Gong, Fulin Liu, Tongtong Liu

This article examines the relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying the connection and the historical status of transcatheter PFO closure as a treatment for migraine. Patent foramen ovale is the most prevalent congenital cardiac defect in adults and frequently co-occurs with migraine, particularly migraine with aura. This article reviews several studies that have identified a significant prevalence of PFO in patients with migraine, implying that PFO and migraine may be more closely associated than previously thought. The underlying mechanisms of this association involve the transfer of emboli from the venous system to systemic circulation through the PFO, which can result in a range of clinical conditions. Transcatheter PFO closure therapy has demonstrated benefits in some patients with migraine; however, additional research is required to determine its effectiveness and safety. This article offers a comprehensive review of the current understanding of the link between PFO and migraine and emphasizes the need for further research in this field.

本文探讨了卵圆孔未闭(PFO)与偏头痛之间的关系,强调了两者之间的关联机制以及经导管PFO闭合术作为偏头痛治疗方法的历史地位。卵圆孔未闭是成人中最常见的先天性心脏缺陷,经常与偏头痛并发,尤其是有先兆的偏头痛。本文回顾了几项研究,这些研究发现偏头痛患者中PFO的发病率很高,这意味着PFO与偏头痛的关系可能比以前认为的更为密切。这种关联的基本机制涉及栓子通过PFO从静脉系统转移到全身循环,从而导致一系列临床症状。经导管PFO闭合疗法已证明对一些偏头痛患者有益;然而,还需要更多的研究来确定其有效性和安全性。本文全面回顾了目前对PFO与偏头痛之间联系的认识,并强调了在这一领域开展进一步研究的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Complete Blood Cell Count Parameters and Their Role in Inflammation in Patients with Methamphetamine and Synthetic Cannabis Use Disorder. 评估甲基苯丙胺和合成大麻使用障碍患者的全血细胞计数参数及其在炎症中的作用。
IF 0.5 4区 医学 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.23803
Şeyma Sehlikoğlu, Sevler Yıldız, Aslı Kazğan Kılıçaslan, Osman Kurt, Erkan Göçüm, Behice Han Almiş

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the complete blood cell count parameters of patients with methamphetamine and synthetic cannabis use disorder (MCUD), a condition that has recently exhibited a gradual increase in prevalence, with those of healthy subjects.

Methods: In total, 76 patients diagnosed with MCUD and 78 healthy controls were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants at presentation for laboratory examination.

Results: The rate of mono- and poly-substance users in the patient group was 14.5% and 85.5%, respectively. The average duration of methamphetamine (METH) use in the patient group is 3.0 ± 1.9 years. White blood cell (P < .001), PLT (P = .005), monocyte count (P < .001), basophil count (P < .001), neutrophil count (P < .001), lymphocyte count (P < .001) basophil/lymphocyte ratio (BLR) (P = .04), SII (P = .006), and SIRI (P = .001) values were significantly higher. In contrast Hgb (P = .043), Hct (P = .002), monocyte percentage (P = .004), and RBC (P = .021) values were significantly lower in the MCUD group compared to the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (r = .552 P < .001) and between systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) (r = 0.580 P < .001).

Conclusion: Methamphetamine and cannabis may affect the levels of inflammatory markers and SII and SIRI values through various mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the relevant literature, which investigated SII and SIRI values in patients with MCUD, therefore, the results can contribute to the future development of immune system-related markers in this field.

背景:本研究的目的是比较甲基苯丙胺和合成大麻使用障碍(MCUD)患者与健康受试者的全血细胞计数参数:研究共纳入 76 名确诊为 MCUD 患者和 78 名健康对照者。所有参与者均在就诊时采集静脉血样本进行实验室检查:结果:患者组中单一和多种物质使用者的比例分别为 14.5%和 85.5%。患者组使用甲基苯丙胺(METH)的平均时间为 3.0 ± 1.9 年。白细胞(P < .001)、PLT(P = .005)、单核细胞计数(P < .001)、嗜碱性粒细胞计数(P < .001)、中性粒细胞计数(P < .001)、淋巴细胞计数(P < .001)、嗜碱性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(BLR)(P = .04)、SII(P = .006)和 SIRI(P = .001)值均显著升高。相反,与对照组相比,MCUD 组的血红蛋白 (P=0.043)、血细胞比容 (P=0.002)、单核细胞百分比 (P =0.004)和红细胞 (P =0.021)值明显降低。中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率和血小板/淋巴细胞比率(r = .552 P < .001)以及全身免疫炎症指数(SII)和全身炎症反应指数(SIRI)(r = 0.580 P < .001)之间存在明显的正相关:结论:甲基苯丙胺和大麻可能会通过各种机制影响炎症标志物的水平以及 SII 和 SIRI 值。据我们所知,这是相关文献中首次对 MCUD 患者的 SII 和 SIRI 值进行调查的研究,因此,研究结果有助于今后在该领域开发与免疫系统相关的标记物。
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引用次数: 0
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Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology
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