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Stigma, Perception of Social Support, and Functionality Levels of Schizophrenia Patients With and Without Legal Guardianship 有法定监护人和无法定监护人的精神分裂症患者的耻辱感、社会支持感和功能水平
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2024.22602
F. İzci, Y. Fidan, S. Calli, M. Aslan
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cognitive Deficits in Depression: A Systematic Review. 经颅直流电刺激对抑郁症认知缺陷的影响:系统回顾
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.22583
Jonathan Jin, Huda F Al-Shamali, Robert McWeeny, Jeff Sawalha, Reham Shalaby, Tyler Marshall, Andrew J Greenshaw, Bo Cao, Yanbo Zhang, Michael Demas, Serdar M Dursun, Liz Dennett, Raheem Suleman

Background: Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of mental health-related burden globally and up to one-third of major depressive disorder patients never achieve remission. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation is a non-invasive intervention used to treat individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Since the last transcranial direct current stimulation review specifically focusing on cognitive symptoms in major depressive disorder, twice as many papers have been published.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted with 5 electronic databases from database inception until March 21, 2022. Randomized controlled trials with at least 1 arm evaluating transcranial direct current stimulation in adults (diagnosed with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases criteria) aged 18 or older were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were adopted.

Results: : A total of 972 participants were included across 14 studies (60.5% female; mean age of 47.0 years [SD = 16.8]). Nine studies focused on participants with major depressive disorder and all studies used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to diagnose the participants. Seven out of the 14 studies showed significant improvements in at least 1 cognitive outcome measure in the active transcranial direct current stimulation group compared to the sham group. Several cognitive measures were used across studies, and 12 of the 14 studies reported mild-to-moderate side effects from treatment.

Conclusion: : Current transcranial direct current stimulation literature has shown limited evidence for the treatment of cognitive impairments in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Future research that applies machine learning algorithms may enable us to distinguish responders from non-responders, increasing clinical benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation.

背景:重度抑郁症是造成全球精神健康相关负担的主要原因,多达三分之一的重度抑郁症患者从未得到缓解。经颅直流电刺激是一种非侵入性干预措施,用于治疗被诊断为重度抑郁症和双相情感障碍的患者。自从上一篇专门针对重度抑郁症认知症状的经颅直流电刺激综述发表以来,发表的论文数量是上一篇的两倍:方法:我们利用 5 个电子数据库进行了一项系统性综述,时间从数据库建立之初到 2022 年 3 月 21 日。纳入的随机对照试验中至少有一臂评估了经颅直流电刺激对 18 岁或以上成人(根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》或《国际疾病分类》标准诊断为重度抑郁障碍或双相情感障碍)的治疗效果。采用了《系统综述和元分析首选报告项目》指南:14项研究共纳入了972名参与者(60.5%为女性;平均年龄为47.0岁 [SD = 16.8])。九项研究主要针对患有重度抑郁症的参与者,所有研究均采用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》对参与者进行诊断。在 14 项研究中,有 7 项研究显示主动经颅直流电刺激组与假性组相比,至少在一项认知结果测量上有显著改善。14项研究中有12项报告了治疗产生的轻度至中度副作用:目前的经颅直流电刺激文献显示,治疗重度抑郁症和双相情感障碍认知障碍的证据有限。应用机器学习算法的未来研究可能会使我们能够区分有反应者和无反应者,从而提高经颅直流电刺激的临床疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Electrocardiographic Changes During and After Alcohol Withdrawal. 戒酒期间和戒酒后的心电图变化
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.22537
Filiz İzci, Başak Ünübol, Servet İzci

Background: Our study aimed to examine the possible risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death by calculating the electrocardiographic changes and indicators of ventricular repolarization during and after alcohol withdrawal.

Methods: One hundred participants who were identified with alcohol withdrawal and who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data were collected between July 2020 and August 2020. The distance interval between Q and T waves, corrected distance interval between Q and T waves, T peak/distance interval between Q and T waves, and T peak/corrected distance interval between Q and T waves interval ratios ratios were measured in 12-lead electrocardiographic measurements during the withdrawal period and after withdrawal symptoms subsided in patients with a Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised score >7 and a Framingham heart risk score <10%.

Results: There was a significant difference between the patient's heart rate, distance interval between Q and T waves, corrected distance interval between Q and T waves interval, and T peak/distance interval between Q and T waves values during withdrawal (input) and after alcohol withdrawal (output) (P < .05). The mean corrected distance interval between Q and T waves interval input value (433.63 ± 17.79) is significantly different and higher than the output value of the mean corrected distance interval between Q and T waves (420.67 ± 13.78) (P < .05). Similarly, the mean T peak input value (81.36 ± 5.90) is significantly different and higher than the mean T peak output value (79.94 ± 5.39) (P < .05) and the mean T peak/input value of the distance interval between Q and T waves (0.222 ± 0.00) than the mean T peak / output value of the distance interval between Q and T waves (0.214 ± 0.00) (P < .001).

Conclusion: These consequences suggest the risk for an accelerated hazard of ventricular arrhythmias in participants with alcohol withdrawal. Significantly, considering the improvement of the electrocardiographic changes of the patients after terminating alcohol intake, a possible cardiac arrhythmia may be more common during this period. Close monitoring of electrocardiograms and timely withdrawal treatment can prevent life-threatening arrhythmias in alcohol withdrawal patients.

研究背景我们的研究旨在通过计算戒酒期间和戒酒后心电图的变化以及心室复极化的指标,研究室性心律失常和心脏性猝死的可能风险:研究纳入了 100 名被确认为酒精戒断且符合纳入标准的参与者。数据收集时间为 2020 年 7 月至 2020 年 8 月。在戒酒期间和戒酒症状缓解后,对临床研究所戒酒评估量表(修订版)评分大于 7 分和弗雷明汉心脏风险评分的患者进行 12 导联心电图测量,测量 Q 波和 T 波之间的距离间期、Q 波和 T 波之间的校正距离间期、T 波峰值/Q 波和 T 波之间的距离间期、T 波峰值/Q 波和 T 波之间的校正距离间期的间期比值 比:戒酒期间(输入)和戒酒后(输出)患者的心率、Q 波和 T 波之间的距离间隔、Q 波和 T 波之间的校正距离间隔以及 T 峰/Q 波和 T 波之间的距离间隔值之间存在明显差异(P < .05)。Q 波和 T 波之间的平均校正距离间隔输入值(433.63 ± 17.79)与 Q 波和 T 波之间的平均校正距离间隔输出值(420.67 ± 13.78)相比有显著差异且更高(P < .05)。同样,平均 T 峰输入值(81.36 ± 5.90)与平均 T 峰输出值(79.94 ± 5.39)相比有显著差异且更高(P < .05),Q 波和 T 波之间距离间隔的平均 T 峰/输入值(0.222 ± 0.00)与 Q 波和 T 波之间距离间隔的平均 T 峰/输出值(0.214 ± 0.00)相比有显著差异且更高(P < .001):这些结果表明,戒酒者的室性心律失常有加速的危险。值得注意的是,考虑到戒酒后患者的心电图变化有所改善,这一时期可能更容易出现心律失常。对心电图的密切监测和及时的戒酒治疗可以防止戒酒患者出现危及生命的心律失常。
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引用次数: 0
Erythrocytic Reduced/Oxidized Glutathione and Serum Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder. 阿片类药物使用障碍患者的红细胞还原/氧化谷胱甘肽和血清硫醇/二硫化物平衡。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.23636
Esra Kabadayı Şahin, Almila Şenat, İbrahim Söğüt, Tomris Duymaz, Özcan Erel

Background: This study aimed to evaluate oxidative damage by measuring erythrocytic reduced/oxidized glutathione as an intracellular thiol pool and serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis as an extracellular thiol pool in patients with opioid use disorder.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 33 male patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder and 30 healthy male controls were included. Sociodemographic characteristics and psychometric analyzes were performed and addiction characteristics (duration and amount of heroin use, usage methods) were recorded. For the evaluation of oxidative balance, intracellular reduced-oxidized glutathione (reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione), and extracellular thiol-disulfide (native thiol and disulfide) levels were measured.

Results: There was a decrease in reduced glutathione and native thiol levels and an increase in GSSG and SS levels. Similarly, while oxidized/reduced glutathione, oxidized/total glutathione%, and disulfide/native thiol % ratios increased, the ratio of reduced glutathione/total glutathione% and native thiol/total thiol% decreased. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the level of both intracellular and extracellular oxidant molecules and the duration and amount of opioid use.

Conclusion: Impaired intracellular reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione and extracellular disulfide/native thiol homeostasis were found in patients with opioid use disorder. The intracellular and extracellular oxidative stress may cause complications related to chronic opioid use.

研究背景本研究旨在通过测量作为细胞内硫醇池的红细胞还原/氧化谷胱甘肽和作为细胞外硫醇池的血清硫醇/二硫平衡来评估阿片类药物使用障碍患者的氧化损伤:在这项前瞻性横断面研究中,纳入了33名被诊断为阿片类药物使用障碍的男性患者和30名健康男性对照组。研究人员进行了社会人口学特征和心理测量分析,并记录了成瘾特征(使用海洛因的时间和数量、使用方法)。为了评估氧化平衡,测量了细胞内还原-氧化谷胱甘肽(还原谷胱甘肽和氧化谷胱甘肽)和细胞外硫醇-二硫化物(原生硫醇和二硫化物)的水平:结果:还原型谷胱甘肽和原生硫醇水平下降,GSSG 和 SS 水平上升。同样,虽然氧化/还原型谷胱甘肽、氧化/总谷胱甘肽%和二硫化物/原生硫醇%的比率增加了,但还原型谷胱甘肽/总谷胱甘肽%和原生硫醇/总硫醇%的比率却下降了。此外,还发现细胞内和细胞外氧化剂分子的水平与使用阿片类药物的时间和数量呈正相关:结论:阿片类药物使用障碍患者的细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽和细胞外二硫化物/原生硫醇平衡受损。细胞内和细胞外的氧化应激可能会导致与长期使用阿片类药物有关的并发症。
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引用次数: 0
The Potential Use of Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio as a Chronic Inflammatory Marker in Major Depressive Disorder. 单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比率作为重度抑郁症慢性炎症标志物的潜在用途
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.22518
Onur Öztürk, Ayşe Pınar Doğru Balakbabalar, Muhammed Okuyucu, Muhammed Emin Göktepe

Background: Monocytes secrete pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant cytokines as part of inflammatory reactions. High-density lipoproteins have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the potential use of the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio in the follow-up of major depressive disorder.

Methods: The study group was composed of patients with newly diagnosed or preexisting major depressive disorder who applied to a psychiatric clinic and did not receive antidepressant treatment in the last 2 weeks. These patients were tested for the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio in the psychiatric outpatient clinic both in the first interview and at their follow-up at 2 months. The control group, on the other hand, consisted of subjects who presented to the checkup clinic without any complaints.

Results: The study included a total of 98 individuals aged between 18 and 62 years, including 66 women and 32 men. The proportion of women in the study group was higher than that in the control group (P = .002). Patients in the study group had higher first high-density lipoprotein levels than healthy controls (P = .026). Beck's Depression Inventory scores of the study group decreased significantly from the first to the second interview (P < .001). There was no significant correlation between the percentage of change in Beck's Depression Inventory scores and the percentage of change in the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (P = .271).

Conclusion: The high-density lipoprotein levels in healthy controls were not higher than those in the group with major depressive disorder; monocyte levels did not differ between the groups and the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio was not superior to Beck's Depression Inventory and could not be used in prognosis.

背景:单核细胞在炎症反应中会分泌促炎症和促氧化细胞因子。高密度脂蛋白具有抗炎和抗氧化作用。本研究探讨了单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值在重度抑郁症随访中的潜在用途:研究组由新诊断的或已存在的重度抑郁障碍患者组成,他们向精神病诊所提出申请,且在过去两周内未接受过抗抑郁治疗。这些患者在精神科门诊的首次面谈和两个月的随访中均接受了单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值的检测。对照组则由无任何不适症状的体检者组成:研究对象共有 98 人,年龄在 18 岁至 62 岁之间,其中女性 66 人,男性 32 人。研究组的女性比例高于对照组(P = .002)。研究组患者的首次高密度脂蛋白水平高于健康对照组(P = .026)。研究组的贝克抑郁量表得分从第一次访谈到第二次访谈显著下降(P < .001)。贝克抑郁量表得分的变化百分比与单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比率的变化百分比之间无明显相关性(P = .271):结论:健康对照组的高密度脂蛋白水平并不比重度抑郁障碍组高;单核细胞水平在各组之间没有差异,单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白的比值不优于贝克抑郁量表,不能用于预后判断。
{"title":"The Potential Use of Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio as a Chronic Inflammatory Marker in Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Onur Öztürk, Ayşe Pınar Doğru Balakbabalar, Muhammed Okuyucu, Muhammed Emin Göktepe","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22518","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monocytes secrete pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant cytokines as part of inflammatory reactions. High-density lipoproteins have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the potential use of the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio in the follow-up of major depressive disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group was composed of patients with newly diagnosed or preexisting major depressive disorder who applied to a psychiatric clinic and did not receive antidepressant treatment in the last 2 weeks. These patients were tested for the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio in the psychiatric outpatient clinic both in the first interview and at their follow-up at 2 months. The control group, on the other hand, consisted of subjects who presented to the checkup clinic without any complaints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 98 individuals aged between 18 and 62 years, including 66 women and 32 men. The proportion of women in the study group was higher than that in the control group (<i>P</i> = .002). Patients in the study group had higher first high-density lipoprotein levels than healthy controls (<i>P</i> = .026). Beck's Depression Inventory scores of the study group decreased significantly from the first to the second interview (<i>P</i> < .001). There was no significant correlation between the percentage of change in Beck's Depression Inventory scores and the percentage of change in the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (<i>P</i> = .271).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high-density lipoprotein levels in healthy controls were not higher than those in the group with major depressive disorder; monocyte levels did not differ between the groups and the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio was not superior to Beck's Depression Inventory and could not be used in prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86456633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Serum Zonulin and Claudin-5 but not Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-17A Levels Increased in Children with Specific Learning Disorder: A Case-Control Study. 特殊学习障碍儿童血清 Zonulin 和 Claudin-5 水平升高,而干扰素-γ 和白细胞介素-17A 水平未升高:病例对照研究
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.23660
Yaşar Tanır, Abdurrahman Cahid Örengül, Yahya Esad Özdemir, Ali Karayağmurlu, Tuba Bilbay Kaynar, Adile Merve Baki, Pervin Vural, Murat Coşkun

Background: Gut-blood and blood-brain barrier permeabilty (gut-brain axis) has been attracting increased attention in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum levels of zonulin (a biomarker of intestinal permeability), claudin-5 (a biomarker of blood-brain barrier permeability), and interferon-gamma and interleukin-17A in children with specific learning disorder.

Methods: Forty-three children with DSM-5 diagnosis of specific learning disorder and 43 healthy children were included in this study. Serum levels of zonulin, claudin-5, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-17A were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results: Serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels of the study group were significantly higher than the control group according to the multivariate analysis of covariance test while controlling for age, gender, and body mass index. However, serum interferon-gamma and interleukin-17A levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no correlation either between zonulin and interferon-gamma and interleukin-17A or claudin-5 and interferon-gamma and interleukin-17A.

Conclusion: Gut-blood and blood-brain barrier permeability may be disrupted in subjects with special learning disorder. Further research is needed to determine whether zonulin and claudin-5 may be biomarkers, and some dietary interventions or specific agents such as zonulin or claudin-5 inhibitors could be used in the management of neurodevelopmental disorders including special learning disorder.

背景:肠道-血液和血脑屏障通透性(肠道-脑轴)在神经发育障碍的病因学中日益受到关注。本研究旨在调查特殊学习障碍儿童血清中 zonulin(肠道通透性的生物标志物)、claudin-5(血脑屏障通透性的生物标志物)、γ 干扰素和白细胞介素-17A 的水平:研究对象包括 43 名被 DSM-5 诊断为特殊学习障碍的儿童和 43 名健康儿童。使用商用酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒测定血清中的zonulin、claudin-5、γ干扰素和白细胞介素-17A水平:在控制年龄、性别和体重指数的情况下,根据多变量协方差分析检验,研究组的血清zonulin和claudin-5水平明显高于对照组。不过,两组之间的血清γ干扰素和白细胞介素-17A水平没有明显差异。zonulin与干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-17A之间或Claudin-5与干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-17A之间均无相关性:结论:特殊学习障碍患者的肠道-血液和血脑屏障通透性可能受到破坏。结论:特殊学习障碍患者的肠道-血液和血脑屏障通透性可能受到破坏,需要进一步研究以确定 zonulin 和 claudin-5 是否可能成为生物标志物,并在治疗包括特殊学习障碍在内的神经发育障碍时使用一些饮食干预措施或特定药物,如 zonulin 或 claudin-5 抑制剂。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Social Support and Parental Emotional Temperament Among Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. 注意力缺陷和多动症儿童感知到的社会支持与父母的情绪气质。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.22527
Mutlu Muhammed Özbek, Doğa Sevinçok, Hatice Aksu

Background: This research examined how the emotional temperaments of parents of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder correlated with their perceptions of their children's social support from friends, teachers, and families. Additionally, the parents' emotional temperaments in terms of their association with children's low and high perceptions of family support were examined.

Methods: The study included 50 children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, 40 neurotypical control subjects, and their parents. The Symptom Checklist-90-R was used to analyze the parents' psychopathology. The parents' affective temperaments were assessed using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-auto questionnaire version. The children's perceptions of their support from their families, peers, and teachers were evaluated using the Social Support Appraisal Scale.

Results: Mothers' depressive (r = -0.419, P = .002) and anxious temperaments (r = -0.338, P = .016) were inversely correlated with perceived social support from parents among children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Mothers' hyperthymic (r = 0.443, P = .001) and cyclothymic temperaments (r = 0.310, P = .029) and fathers' hyperthymic temperament (r = 0.371, P = .008) were positively correlated with perceived social support from parents. Regression analyses revealed that perceived social support from friends was predicted by paternal low cyclothymic and high anxious temperament. They also showed that inattention and mother's general psychopathology predicted perceived social support from family. Perceived social support from teacher was predicted by hyperactivity, maternal low cyclothymic temperament, and paternal high anxious temperament.

Conclusion: While parents' depressive and anxious temperaments were associated with low perceived social support from family, hyperthymic and cyclothymic temperaments were associated with increased perceived social support from the family among children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

研究背景本研究探讨了注意力缺陷和多动症儿童父母的情绪气质与他们对子女从朋友、老师和家庭获得的社会支持的看法之间的关系。此外,还研究了父母的情绪气质与儿童对家庭支持的低感知和高感知之间的关系:研究对象包括 50 名患有注意力缺陷和多动障碍的儿童、40 名神经正常对照组受试者及其父母。采用症状检查表-90-R 分析父母的精神病理学。父母的情绪气质使用孟菲斯、比萨、巴黎和圣地亚哥气质评估--自动问卷版进行评估。使用社会支持评价量表评估了儿童对来自家庭、同伴和老师的支持的看法:结果:母亲的抑郁性情(r = -0.419,P = .002)和焦虑性情(r = -0.338,P = .016)与注意力缺陷和多动症儿童感知到的来自父母的社会支持成反比。母亲的多愁善感(r = 0.443,P = .001)和环状多愁善感(r = 0.310,P = .029)以及父亲的多愁善感(r = 0.371,P = .008)与感知到的来自父母的社会支持呈正相关。回归分析表明,父亲的低周期性和高焦虑性情可以预测从朋友那里感知到的社会支持。回归分析还显示,注意力不集中和母亲的一般精神病理学可预测从家庭获得的社会支持。多动、母亲的低情绪周期性和父亲的高焦虑情绪预测了从老师那里获得的社会支持:结论:父母的抑郁和焦虑性情与感知到的来自家庭的社会支持较低有关,而多动和环状性情则与注意力缺陷和多动障碍儿童感知到的来自家庭的社会支持较高有关。
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引用次数: 0
Gray Matter Alterations in Panic Disorder: A Voxel-Wise Meta-Analysis. 恐慌症的灰质改变:体素智元分析
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.23684
Anguang Pan, Shaojie Liu, Shijun Hu, Jin Dai, Juan Yi

Background: Gray matter alterations play a role in the panic disorder's pathophysiology origin. However, the current literature seemed inadequate to reach a consistent conclusion. Therefore, we conducted this gray matter meta-analysis on panic disorder.

Methods: A systematic review and a voxel-wise meta-analysis based on voxel-based morphometry were conducted for the gray matter studies in patients with panic disorder. The Seed-based d Mapping toolbox was applied for the voxel-wise meta-analysis. Fourteen gray matter studies (954 subjects) were enrolled in the current meta-analysis. The subgroup analysis of typical-onset versus late-onset patients was also performed. At last, the clinical severity was meta-regressed with gray matter alterations.

Results: Significant gray matter alterations were found in the left para-cingulate gyrus and the right amygdala of panic disorder patients. The subgroup analysis of typical-onset panic disorder patients showed a similar pattern. However, gray matter alterations were demonstrated in the bilateral opercular cortex of late-onset panic disorder patients. A significant association between the clinical severity and the gray matter alterations was found in the fronto-cingulate regions of panic disorder patients.

Conclusion: Gray matter alterations might represent a significant pillar of panic disorder's neurobiology, especially for the amygdala, cingulate, and frontal regions. Future gray matter studies in panic disorder should be needed to reconfirm this pattern of gray matter alterations.

背景:灰质改变在惊恐障碍的病理生理学起源中起着一定的作用。然而,目前的文献似乎不足以得出一致的结论。因此,我们对惊恐障碍进行了这项灰质荟萃分析:方法:我们对惊恐障碍患者的灰质研究进行了系统回顾,并基于体素形态计量学进行了体素荟萃分析。在进行体素荟萃分析时,使用了基于种子的 d 映射工具箱。本次荟萃分析共纳入了 14 项灰质研究(954 名受试者)。此外,还对典型发病患者和晚期发病患者进行了分组分析。最后,临床严重程度与灰质改变进行了元回归分析:结果:惊恐障碍患者左侧扣带回和右侧杏仁核的灰质发生了显著变化。对典型发作性惊恐障碍患者进行的亚组分析显示了类似的模式。然而,晚发性惊恐障碍患者的双侧厣皮层出现了灰质改变。在惊恐障碍患者的前扣带回区域,临床严重程度与灰质改变之间存在明显关联:灰质改变可能是恐慌症神经生物学的重要支柱,尤其是杏仁核、扣带回和额叶区域。今后需要对惊恐障碍进行灰质研究,以再次证实这种灰质改变模式。
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引用次数: 0
The Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia: A Review of the Evidence for Psychodynamic and Nonpsychodynamic Treatments. 精神分裂症的心理治疗:精神分裂症的心理治疗:心理动力学和非心理动力学治疗证据综述》(The Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia: A Review of the Evidence for Psychodynamic and Nonpsychodynamic Treatments)。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.23627
Mark L Ruffalo

Following the discovery of chlorpromazine's effectiveness as a treatment for schizophrenia in the 1950s, a gradual shift away from psychotherapeutic and toward biological methods of investigation has ensued. Nevertheless, psychological approaches to schizophrenia have a long history and continue to represent an important component of schizophrenia treatment. In the past 2 decades, there has been renewed interest in psychotherapy for schizophrenia among some clinicians and researchers. This article examines the current evidence for both psychodynamic and nonpsychodynamic (cognitive-behavioral, cognitive enhancement, and psychoeducational) therapies for schizophrenic illness. There is evidence to support the use of both types of therapies though these orientations generally differ in their views on the role of psychological factors in the etiology of schizophrenia. It is argued that a pluralistic or biopsychosocial model of schizophrenia is necessary to account for the complexity of the disease and to provide the most effective treatment.

自 20 世纪 50 年代发现氯丙嗪对治疗精神分裂症有效之后,研究方法逐渐从心理治疗转向生物学研究。然而,精神分裂症的心理治疗方法由来已久,并且仍然是精神分裂症治疗的重要组成部分。在过去的二十年中,一些临床医生和研究人员对精神分裂症的心理治疗重新产生了兴趣。本文研究了目前精神动力学疗法和非精神动力学疗法(认知行为疗法、认知强化疗法和心理教育疗法)治疗精神分裂症的证据。虽然这两种疗法在心理因素在精神分裂症病因学中的作用问题上的观点普遍不同,但都有证据支持使用这两种疗法。有观点认为,精神分裂症的多元化或生物-心理-社会模式对于解释该疾病的复杂性和提供最有效的治疗是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation of the Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale to Turkish: Reliability and Validity Study. 将 "对母亲的态度量表 "改编为土耳其语:可靠性和有效性研究。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.22571
Kumru Şenyasar Meterelliyoz, Menekşe Sıla Yazar, Perihan Çobanoğlu Saf, Coşkun Saf

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale. Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale was developed by Sockol et al to evaluate cognitive distortions and attitudes toward motherhood during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 223 pregnant women and 138 postpartum women. A Sociodemographic Data Form, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale were used to collect data from the participants.

Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.868 for the entire sample, 0.877 during pregnancy, and 0.828 for the postpartum period. Factor analysis revealed that the 3-factor structure explained 68.93% of the variance. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.901 for the test-retest correlation analysis after 3 weeks (P < .001). There was a positive correlation between Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale were satisfactory.

研究背景本研究旨在调查土耳其版 "对母亲的态度量表 "的有效性和可靠性。母性态度量表由 Sockol 等人编制,用于评估孕期和产后对母性的认知扭曲和态度:研究样本包括 223 名孕妇和 138 名产后妇女。研究采用社会人口数据表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和对母亲的态度量表来收集参与者的数据:整个样本的内部一致性 Cronbach's alpha 系数为 0.868,孕期为 0.877,产后为 0.828。因子分析显示,3 个因子结构解释了 68.93% 的方差。在 3 周后的重测相关分析中,计算出的皮尔逊相关系数为 0.901(P < .001)。对母亲的态度量表与爱丁堡产后抑郁量表之间存在正相关:研究结果表明,土耳其版 "对母亲的态度量表 "的有效性和可靠性均令人满意。
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引用次数: 0
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Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology
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