Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology最新文献

Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), a model commonly used to assess the rewarding effects of drugs. Morphine is a potent analgesic widely used for moderate to severe pain, but it also poses a significant risk of addiction. Previous studies suggest that cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) may enhance the analgesic effects of morphine and reduce tolerance, but its impact on morphine addiction remains unclear. Methods: The experiment followed phases of habituation, pre-conditioning, conditioning, and post conditioning. Adult male Wistar albino rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 per group): control (saline), morphine (10 mg/kg), and a combination group of vitamin B12 (2 mg/kg) with morphine. The effects of saline, morphine, and the morphine-vitamin B12 combination on CPP were assessed. All drugs and saline were administered intraperitoneally (ip). Results: Morphine (10 mg/kg) significantly induced CPP compared to the saline group (P < .0001). Vitamin B12 (2 mg/kg) did not produce a statistically significant difference in morphine-induced CPP compared to the control group. Conclusion: Morphine induces a significant place preference, and vitamin B12 did not produce a statistically significant difference in reducing this effect. Further research with different doses of vitamin B12 is necessary to fully investigate these effects.

Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of integrating empowerment education and humanistic care in enhancing cognitive function, self-care ability, mood regulation, and quality of life among lung cancer (LC) patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 149 LC patients receiving chemotherapy from May 2022 to January 2024 were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: a control group (n=63) receiving routine care and a joint group (n= 86) receiving empowerment education and humanistic care. Outcomes measured included cognitive function, self-care ability (using the Exercise of Self-Care Agency scale), mood (using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), cancer-related fatigue (using the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale), adverse reactions, and QoL (using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung scale). Results: The joint group exhibited significant improvements in cognitive function, self-care ability, and QoL compared to the control group (P < .05). They also had lower scores in anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue (P < .05). The incidence of adverse reactions was markedly lower in the joint group (10.47%) compared to the control group (39.68%). Conclusion: Combining empowerment education with humanistic care effectively improves cognitive function, reduces negative emotions and adverse reactions, enhances self-care ability, and improves the overall QoL of LC patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that severely impairs children's health. Current data suggest that behavioral therapies are successful. Risperidone has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to moderate impulsive behavior in people with ASD. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in children and adolescents with ASD.

Methods: This study involved searching electronic databases for relevant articles, screening them based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and performing a combined data analysis of the selected articles using Review Manager software.

Results: This meta-analysis comprised 7 articles. The pooled analysis indicated that: (1) Risperidone intervention decreased scores on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) scale in children and adolescents with ASD, as well as reduced scores related to stereotypy, social withdrawal, hyperactivity, inappropriate speech, and irritability on the ABC scale; (2) The use of risperidone raised the risk of weight gain, tremors, upper respiratory tract infection, and increased appetite. Other adverse responses, however, did not differ significantly from the placebo group.

Conclusion: Risperidone demonstrated effectiveness and safety in managing behavioral issues and decreased ABC scores in children and adolescents with ASD. However, further research is needed, and the associated risks still need to be considered.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal functional connectivity (FC) patterns in the reward circuitry of the brain and negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Methods: Fifty-two FES patients and 59 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Thirteen brain regions associated with the reward circuitry were defined as regions of interest (ROIs), and FCs between each ROI and the whole brain were analyzed. Cognitive function was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Results: Within-network analyses indicated that, compared to HCs, FES patients exhibited increased FCs between the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left thalamus, which negatively correlated with negative symptoms. Whole-brain analyses revealed some weakened FCs in FES patients compared to those in HCs. The FCs between the right nucleus accumbens and right insular lobe and between the right putamen and both the left anterior cingulate cortex and left precentral gyrus positively correlated with attention/vigilance only in HCs. Additionally, the FC between the left putamen nucleus and left inferior frontal gyrus positively correlated with verbal and visual learning only in HCs. Conclusion: These findings highlight the differential FC patterns in the reward circuitry in FES patients and indicate that the enhanced within-network FC observed in these patients may contribute to their negative symptoms. The absence of correlations between certain FCs and attention, verbal learning, and visual learning can be explained by decoupling of the reward circuitry from the cognitive control brain regions.

Background: To explore the impact of systematic health guidance combined with psychological nursing intervention on negative emotions, sleep quality, and self-efficacy of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from March 2023 to March 2024, including 48 cases in the control group (CG) treated with routine nursing methods and 52 cases in the observation group (OG) treated with psychological nursing combined with systematic health guidance. The negative emotion scores, disease awareness, and sleep quality before and after intervention were compared between the 2 groups. The self-management ability, incidence of complications, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction were evaluated and compared between the 2 groups after the intervention.

Results: After the intervention, both groups showed improvements in negative emotion scores, disease awareness, and sleep quality. However, the OG exhibited significantly more improvement than the CG, demonstrating higher self-management ability, lower incidence of complications, and higher life quality and nursing satisfaction (P < .05).

Conclusion: Systematic health guidance combined with psychological nursing intervention can effectively improve the negative emotions, sleep quality, and self-efficacy of patients with cerebral hemorrhage, reduce the incidence of complications during hospitalization, and improve patient satisfaction with nursing, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Background: The constantly growing number of patients in psychiatric wards (including forensic wards) is a serious social, medical, and economic problem. Therefore, it is necessary to study the needs of these patients. The aim of the study was to adapt and test the reliability of the Polish version of the scale for the assessment of needs of forensic psychiatric patients-Camberwell Assessment of Need-Forensic Version (CANFOR).

Methods: The scale was translated into Polish and then back-translated. The study was conducted among 60 patients of basic and enhanced security level forensic psychiatry wards at the Provincial Specialist Mental Health Hospital in Poland.

Results: When analyzing the reproducibility of the responses in terms of assessing the reliability of the CANFOR questionnaire, perfect agreement of 100% was obtained in 22 areas of need. Similarly, in the repeatability study of the CANFOR questionnaire after 2 weeks, perfect agreement-100%-was obtained in 24 areas of need. In the correlation analysis of the CANFOR with another measurement tool-LSP, significant values at the P < .05 level were obtained when measuring several variables.

Conclusions: The study resulted in high reliability of the Polish version of the CANFOR scale. It is advisable to continue research in the area of psychometric properties of the scale, including the validity of the tool.

Background: This study aims to explore cluttering and working memory in children and adolescents diagnosed with different subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to compare them with typically developing (TD) children and adolescents. Methods: The sample included 200 ADHD participants and a control group of 49 TD participants. All participants completed the Working Memory Scale and Predictive Cluttering Inventory-revised ). Data were analyzed using SPSS, and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to assess differences between the groups. A significance level of P < .05 was used for all analyses. Results: Significant differences were observed in the Working Memory, Visual Memory, and Verbal Memory scores across the Typically Developed ADHD-Inattentive type and ADHD-Combined type groups (P < .001). Additionally, there were significant differences in the PCI-TR scores, including motor speech, language planning, attention, motor planning, and total scores, between the 3 groups. The findings indicated significant differences between the groups across all variables (p < .001). Conclusion: The study concluded that cluttering is present in both the ADHD Inattentive and Combined types. It is recommended that children diagnosed with ADHD undergo more comprehensive assessments of their language and speech capabilities.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of interleukin 2, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with postpartum depression (PPD) and to explore their potential as biomarkers for PPD and comorbid anxiety using machine learning techniques. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 53 patients diagnosed with PPD and 35 healthy controls. Cytokine levels were measured using a flow cytometer analyzer. Machine learning models, including Multinomial Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machines (SVMs), were developed to predict PPD and comorbid anxiety based on cytokine levels. Results: Patients with PPD exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of IL-6 compared to the control group. A positive correlation was found between psychological anxiety scores and IL-6 levels (r = 0.483, P < .001). Machine learning models, particularly the Random Forest and SVMs, demonstrated high accuracy in predicting PPD and comorbid anxiety, with IL-6 being identified as a key predictor. Conclusion: The activation of serum cytokines is evident in PPD patients, with IL-6 potentially serving as an auxiliary biomarker for the diagnosis of PPD and comorbid anxiety. The incorporation of machine learning techniques has enhanced the understanding of the complex relationships between cytokines and PPD, with IL-6 levels showing a correlation to the severity of clinical symptoms.

Background: To investigate the current status of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with brain glioma and identify the risk factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.

Methods: A total of 105 patients diagnosed with glioma at Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen from January 2021 to April 2024 were included in this study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the anxiety and depression symptoms of the patients, who were then grouped based on their scores. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for anxiety and depression symptoms in glioma patients.

Results: The average HADS-Anxiety score among glioma patients was 8.72 ± 3.41, with an anxiety symptoms prevalence of 61.90% (65/105). The average HADS-Depression score was 7.73 ± 2.91, with a depression symptoms prevalence of 55.24% (58/105). Among them, 58 patients (55.24%) had both anxiety and depression symptoms, seven patients (6.67%) had only anxiety symptoms, and 40 patients (38.10%) had neither anxiety nor depression. The results of binary tic regression analysis showed that family monthly income, seizures, sleep quality, and cognitive function impairment were independent risk factors for anxiety and depression symptoms (P < .05). Marital status was an independent risk factor for depression symptoms (P < .05).

Conclusion: Glioma patients exhibit a high incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms. The occurrence of these conditions is significantly associated with lower monthly household income, seizure occurrence, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment.

Background: Social cognition can be defined as the ability to perceive and interpret others' thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. It is known that there are deficiencies in social cognitive skills in schizophrenia. This study aims to evaluate the social cognitive skills of schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients from the very early stages using theory of mind and emotion identification/discrimination tests and to examine the changes in these skills during schizophrenia. Methods: Seventy-nine patients who met the schizophrenia criteria according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 , except for duration, and were diagnosed with schizophrenia were divided into 3 groups according to the duration of illness: less than 6 months (n = 18), 6-24 months (n= 35), and more than 24 months (n = 26). The participants were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and the Facial Identification and Discrimination Tests (FEIT and FEDT), and the test scores were compared between the 3 groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding PANSS, GAF and RMET, FEIT, and FEDT scores (P > .05). There was also no significant relationship between the illness duration and RMET, FEIT, and FEDT scores (P > .05). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between disease duration and social cognitive skills in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients. This finding suggests that social cognitive deficits may be a trait marker of schizophrenia.