Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Ken Ho Ming Chung, Ho Hon Wong, Michael Gar Chung Yiu, Yat Fung Mok, Ka Shun Lei, Hector Wing Hong Tsang
Background: Individuals with major depressive disorder have a cognitive bias toward emotional stimuli, which influences the quality and speed of emotional information processing. This study aimed to understand the factors underlying this bias by identifying when it occurs during information processing using an information processing model.
Methods: A total of 57 participants-19 each [ (16 (84.21%) females and 3 (15.79%) males per group)], for the first-episode MDD (FMDD), recurrent episodes MDD (RMDD), and healthy controls (HCs) - matched for sex and hand preference, completed event-related potentials (ERP) to perform psychological function and a choice response time task.
Results: Results revealed that recurrent episodes major depressive disorder participants had decreased N2b and P3b amplitudes but increased contingent negative variation during the processing of happy and neutral facial stimuli, relative to their counterparts. Both recurrent episodes major depressive disorder and first-episode major depressive disorder participants used a parallel information processing strategy for happy information at P3a latency, while healthy controls used a linear information processing strategy.
Conclusion: The use of a parallel processing strategy among individuals with major depressive disorder may have led to impaired "happy" information processes, possibly explaining why individuals with major depressive disorder are less efficient than healthy controls. The results suggest the possibility that biases related to the processing of "happy" information among individuals with major depressive disorder may be related to a tendency for these individuals to engage in superficial decision-making. Future research is needed to examine the processes contributing to people with major depressive disorder having challenges with inhibition-facilitation of emotional stimuli.
{"title":"Mechanisms in Emotional Information Processing in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study of an Information Processing Model.","authors":"Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Ken Ho Ming Chung, Ho Hon Wong, Michael Gar Chung Yiu, Yat Fung Mok, Ka Shun Lei, Hector Wing Hong Tsang","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22471","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with major depressive disorder have a cognitive bias toward emotional stimuli, which influences the quality and speed of emotional information processing. This study aimed to understand the factors underlying this bias by identifying when it occurs during information processing using an information processing model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 57 participants-19 each [ (16 (84.21%) females and 3 (15.79%) males per group)], for the first-episode MDD (FMDD), recurrent episodes MDD (RMDD), and healthy controls (HCs) - matched for sex and hand preference, completed event-related potentials (ERP) to perform psychological function and a choice response time task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that recurrent episodes major depressive disorder participants had decreased N2b and P3b amplitudes but increased contingent negative variation during the processing of happy and neutral facial stimuli, relative to their counterparts. Both recurrent episodes major depressive disorder and first-episode major depressive disorder participants used a parallel information processing strategy for happy information at P3a latency, while healthy controls used a linear information processing strategy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of a parallel processing strategy among individuals with major depressive disorder may have led to impaired \"happy\" information processes, possibly explaining why individuals with major depressive disorder are less efficient than healthy controls. The results suggest the possibility that biases related to the processing of \"happy\" information among individuals with major depressive disorder may be related to a tendency for these individuals to engage in superficial decision-making. Future research is needed to examine the processes contributing to people with major depressive disorder having challenges with inhibition-facilitation of emotional stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87601466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Suicide is a major public health problem, and most people, who attempt suicide, have a psychiatric disorder. The preventable nature of suicide has further warranted the conduct of studies on suicide.
Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study aimed to investigate the effects of depression, anxiety, and stress levels on suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. The study included 222 patients with schizophrenia. Data were collected by using the Descriptive Information Form, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-Short Form.
Results: It was found that 47.7% of the participants had suicidal ideation and 33.8% of them had attempted suicide by taking pills, self-cutting, jumping from a height, and hanging. While the participants had moderate levels of depression and anxiety, their stress levels were normal. The study has shown that the variables of stress, a good income level, and employment affect suicidal behavior, with a 1-unit increase in stress scores leading to an increase by 0.942, a 1-unit decrease in the good income level leading to an increase by 1.132, and a 1-unit increase in employment leading to an increase by 1.316 in suicidal behavior. Stress, income status, and employment accounted for 42.3% of the change in suicidal behavior.
Conclusion: This study has shown that suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are common in patients with schizophrenia compared to the normal population, and increased stress levels, poor income, and working in a job increased the risk of suicide among these patients. It can be suggested that efforts for improving stress management in patients during the post-pandemic period may be effective in reducing the risk of suicide.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels on Suicidal Behavior in Patients with Schizophrenia.","authors":"Şafak Taktak, Hilal Seki Öz","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22606","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is a major public health problem, and most people, who attempt suicide, have a psychiatric disorder. The preventable nature of suicide has further warranted the conduct of studies on suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and descriptive study aimed to investigate the effects of depression, anxiety, and stress levels on suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. The study included 222 patients with schizophrenia. Data were collected by using the Descriptive Information Form, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-Short Form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that 47.7% of the participants had suicidal ideation and 33.8% of them had attempted suicide by taking pills, self-cutting, jumping from a height, and hanging. While the participants had moderate levels of depression and anxiety, their stress levels were normal. The study has shown that the variables of stress, a good income level, and employment affect suicidal behavior, with a 1-unit increase in stress scores leading to an increase by 0.942, a 1-unit decrease in the good income level leading to an increase by 1.132, and a 1-unit increase in employment leading to an increase by 1.316 in suicidal behavior. Stress, income status, and employment accounted for 42.3% of the change in suicidal behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has shown that suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are common in patients with schizophrenia compared to the normal population, and increased stress levels, poor income, and working in a job increased the risk of suicide among these patients. It can be suggested that efforts for improving stress management in patients during the post-pandemic period may be effective in reducing the risk of suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80182802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumeyye Yasemin Calli, Yagmur Sever Fidan, Engin Emrem Bestepe, Filiz Izci
Background: In schizophrenia, the relationship between suicide and cognition is unclear. We aimed to assess cognitive functions and insight in schizophrenia patients with and without suicide attempts.
Methods: In our study consisting of 77 patients, 36 of the patients had attempted suicide at least once in their lives and the remaining 41 had never attempted suicide. Sociodemographic data scale, Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, and Cambridge Neurophysiological Assessment Battery were applied.
Results: In this study, patients with schizophrenia who attempted suicide had higher Beck Cognitive Insight Scale self-reflectiveness scores (P = .004), lower Beck Cognitive Insight Scale self-certainty scores (P = .040), and higher Beck Cognitive Insight Scale total score (P = .004). Delay aversion (P = .003) and risk-taking scores (P = .044) of Cambridge Neurophysiological Assessment Battery Cambridge gambling task were higher in patients who attempted suicide. In logistic regression analysis, as independent factors, the number of hospitalizations increased the risk of suicide 1.5 times per hospitalization (P = .021), Cambridge gambling task delay aversion increased the risk of suicide 8.4 times per score (P = .044), and the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale self-certainty score was shown as the factor that decreased the risk of suicide by 0.78 times (P = .024).
Conclusion: The causes of suicide attempts in schizophrenia still preserve its uncertainty. Our results proposed a statistically significant relationship between cognitive insight and increased suicide attempts. This study also sustains that cognitive impulsivity is associated with suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Suicidal Behavior, Neurocognitive Functions, and Insight in Patients with Schizophrenia.","authors":"Sumeyye Yasemin Calli, Yagmur Sever Fidan, Engin Emrem Bestepe, Filiz Izci","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22530","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In schizophrenia, the relationship between suicide and cognition is unclear. We aimed to assess cognitive functions and insight in schizophrenia patients with and without suicide attempts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our study consisting of 77 patients, 36 of the patients had attempted suicide at least once in their lives and the remaining 41 had never attempted suicide. Sociodemographic data scale, Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, and Cambridge Neurophysiological Assessment Battery were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, patients with schizophrenia who attempted suicide had higher Beck Cognitive Insight Scale self-reflectiveness scores (<i>P = .</i>004), lower Beck Cognitive Insight Scale self-certainty scores (<i>P = .</i>040), and higher Beck Cognitive Insight Scale total score (<i>P = .</i>004). Delay aversion (<i>P = .</i>003) and risk-taking scores (<i>P = .</i>044) of Cambridge Neurophysiological Assessment Battery Cambridge gambling task were higher in patients who attempted suicide. In logistic regression analysis, as independent factors, the number of hospitalizations increased the risk of suicide 1.5 times per hospitalization (<i>P = .</i>021), Cambridge gambling task delay aversion increased the risk of suicide 8.4 times per score (<i>P = .</i>044), and the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale self-certainty score was shown as the factor that decreased the risk of suicide by 0.78 times (<i>P = .</i>024).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The causes of suicide attempts in schizophrenia still preserve its uncertainty. Our results proposed a statistically significant relationship between cognitive insight and increased suicide attempts. This study also sustains that cognitive impulsivity is associated with suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82134836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurodegeneration is a process leading to the progressive loss of structure and functions of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease have shown many common points at the subcellular level. Neurons are metabolically active cells and need a high amount of energy. Mitochondria are known as the energy synthesis center for cells, involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate by oxidative phosphorylation. Rather than just being an energy synthesis center, it has critical importance for many cellular functions such as calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, cell growth, and apoptosis. In the process of mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular functions are disrupted and cells enter the apoptotic or necrotic pathway. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4-trihydoxystilbene), a plant-derived polyphenol found in the seed of grapes, berries, peanuts, and wine, has many biological effects such as inhibition of lipid peroxidation, scavenging of free radicals, changes in eicosanoid synthesis, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, and regulation of lipid metabolism. Through the reviewed literature, the current study investigated the protective role of resveratrol in neurodegenerative diseases. Studies show that resveratrol moderates mitochondrial function, redox status, and cellular dynamics in both in vivo and in vitro experimental models of neurodegeneration. Resveratrol suppresses reactive oxygen species production by reducing the activity of complex III due to its competition effect with coenzyme Q. In the present work, we discussed the protective effects of resveratrol on neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, and the redox biology of the mitochondria.
{"title":"Resveratrol in Neurodegeneration, in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and in the Redox Biology of the Mitochondria.","authors":"Betül Danışman, Sevim Ercan Kelek, Mutay Aslan","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.23633","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.23633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegeneration is a process leading to the progressive loss of structure and functions of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease have shown many common points at the subcellular level. Neurons are metabolically active cells and need a high amount of energy. Mitochondria are known as the energy synthesis center for cells, involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate by oxidative phosphorylation. Rather than just being an energy synthesis center, it has critical importance for many cellular functions such as calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, cell growth, and apoptosis. In the process of mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular functions are disrupted and cells enter the apoptotic or necrotic pathway. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4-trihydoxystilbene), a plant-derived polyphenol found in the seed of grapes, berries, peanuts, and wine, has many biological effects such as inhibition of lipid peroxidation, scavenging of free radicals, changes in eicosanoid synthesis, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, and regulation of lipid metabolism. Through the reviewed literature, the current study investigated the protective role of resveratrol in neurodegenerative diseases. Studies show that resveratrol moderates mitochondrial function, redox status, and cellular dynamics in both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experimental models of neurodegeneration. Resveratrol suppresses reactive oxygen species production by reducing the activity of complex III due to its competition effect with coenzyme Q. In the present work, we discussed the protective effects of resveratrol on neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, and the redox biology of the mitochondria.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90363255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Özgür Maden, Burcu Bakar Kahraman, Meliha Zengin Eroğlu
Background: The aim of this study is to perform the Turkish validity and reliability analyzes of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale, which was developed to reveal why couples sabotage the relationship in romantic relationships, and to adapt this scale to Turkish culture.
Methods: The study group consisted of 495 individuals who did not have any psychiatric disorders and had a romantic relationship. The similarity of the results obtained with the factor analysis with the original scale showed that the scale provided construct validity.
Results: For the criterion correlation validity of the scale, the correlations between the Turkish Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale-total score and Perceived Romantic Relationship Quality Scale (r = -.384, P < .05), The Love Attitude Scale (altruistic love r = .163, P < .05; friendship love r = -.151, P < .05; passionate love r = -.435, P < .05; practical love r = .220, P < .05; game-playing love r = .213, P < .05; possessive-dependent love r = .439, P < .05), and Self-handicapping Scale (r = .443, P < .05) were calculated. The reliability coefficient for the stability of the scale, which was administered to 102 participants twice with an interval of 4 weeks, was found to be 0.75, revealing that the scale was stable. The Cronbach's internal consistency coefficient on the scale was .81. There was a significant difference between the Turkish form of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale-total score scores, the mean scores of defensiveness, and lack of relationship skills according to gender (P < .05).
Conclusion: This study confirms the validity and factor structure of the Turkish version of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale, which is an acceptable tool that can be used to measure the sabotage levels of romantic relationships in individuals.
研究背景本研究旨在对浪漫关系破坏量表进行土耳其语效度和信度分析,该量表旨在揭示浪漫关系中情侣破坏关系的原因,并使该量表适应土耳其文化:研究小组由 495 名无任何精神障碍且有恋爱关系的人组成。因子分析得出的结果与原始量表相似,表明该量表具有建构效度:在量表的标准相关效度方面,土耳其浪漫关系破坏量表总分与感知浪漫关系质量量表(r = -.384,P < .05)、爱的态度量表(利他之爱 r = .163,P < .05;友情之爱 r = -.163,P < .05)之间存在相关性。05;友谊之爱 r = -.151,P < .05;激情之爱 r = -.435,P < .05;实用之爱 r = .220,P < .05;游戏之爱 r = .213,P < .05;占有依赖之爱 r = .439,P < .05),以及自我暗示量表(r = .443,P < .05)。该量表对 102 名被试进行了两次施测,每次施测间隔为 4 周,结果发现该量表的信度系数为 0.75,表明该量表具有稳定性。量表的克朗巴赫内部一致性系数为 0.81。土耳其语版浪漫关系破坏量表的总分、防御性平均分和缺乏恋爱技巧的平均分与性别之间存在明显差异(P < .05):本研究证实了土耳其版浪漫关系破坏量表的有效性和因子结构,它是一种可接受的工具,可用于测量个人的浪漫关系破坏水平。
{"title":"Turkish Adaptation of Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale: Validity and Reliability Study.","authors":"Özgür Maden, Burcu Bakar Kahraman, Meliha Zengin Eroğlu","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22500","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to perform the Turkish validity and reliability analyzes of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale, which was developed to reveal why couples sabotage the relationship in romantic relationships, and to adapt this scale to Turkish culture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group consisted of 495 individuals who did not have any psychiatric disorders and had a romantic relationship. The similarity of the results obtained with the factor analysis with the original scale showed that the scale provided construct validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the criterion correlation validity of the scale, the correlations between the Turkish Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale-total score and Perceived Romantic Relationship Quality Scale (<i>r</i> = -.384, <i>P</i> < .05), The Love Attitude Scale (altruistic love <i>r</i> = .163, <i>P</i> < .05; friendship love <i>r</i> = -.151, <i>P</i> < .05; passionate love <i>r</i> = -.435, <i>P</i> < .05; practical love <i>r</i> = .220, <i>P</i> < .05; game-playing love <i>r</i> = .213, <i>P</i> < .05; possessive-dependent love <i>r</i> = .439, <i>P</i> < .05), and Self-handicapping Scale (<i>r</i> = .443, <i>P</i> < .05) were calculated. The reliability coefficient for the stability of the scale, which was administered to 102 participants twice with an interval of 4 weeks, was found to be 0.75, revealing that the scale was stable. The Cronbach's internal consistency coefficient on the scale was .81. There was a significant difference between the Turkish form of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale-total score scores, the mean scores of defensiveness, and lack of relationship skills according to gender (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the validity and factor structure of the Turkish version of the Romantic Relationship Sabotage Scale, which is an acceptable tool that can be used to measure the sabotage levels of romantic relationships in individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88821593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Complex post-traumatic stress disorder was often present after chronic traumatic events. The diagnostic criteria of complex post-traumatic disorder consisted of both post-traumatic stress disorder and disturbance in self-organization. People with complex post-traumatic disorder often exposed to chronic stress. It might not be as significant as the major traumatic event as survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder had experienced. Therefore, the impact of complex post-traumatic stress disorder was often ignored. It is critical to identify the at-risk individuals with complex post-traumatic disorder in community. We planned to investigate the psychometrics of the International Trauma Questionnaire for assessing complex post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Taiwan.
Methods: One hundred twenty-one individuals were enrolled and they completed 8 self-report scales, including International Trauma Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Chinese version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Interpersonal Relationship Scale. The psychometric of International Trauma Questionnaire was examined by bivariate correlation analysis, independent t-test, and factor analysis.
Results: The study showed International Trauma Questionnaire had good reliability and validity and corresponded with previous studies. The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of complex post-traumatic stress disorder criteria in International Classification of Diseases-11. The 2-factor second-order model was the best-fitting model. The 6 symptom domains of complex post-traumatic stress disorder were also significantly correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms.
Conclusion: It suggests that the Chinese version of International Trauma Questionnaire could be used for screening at-risk groups and future works for mental public health in Taiwan.
背景:复杂性创伤后应激障碍通常出现在慢性创伤事件之后。复杂性创伤后应激障碍的诊断标准包括创伤后应激障碍和自我组织障碍。患有复杂性创伤后精神障碍的人通常会面临长期的压力。这可能不如创伤后应激障碍幸存者所经历的重大创伤事件那么重要。因此,复杂性创伤后应激障碍的影响往往被忽视。因此,在社区中识别复合型创伤后应激障碍的高危人群至关重要。我们计划在台湾调查国际创伤问卷的心理测量学,以评估复杂创伤后应激障碍的症状:方法:我们招募了121名受试者,让他们填写8份自我报告量表,包括国际创伤问卷、童年创伤问卷简表、贝克抑郁量表-II、贝克焦虑量表、DSM-5创伤后应激障碍核对表中文版、情绪调节困难量表、罗森伯格自尊量表和人际关系量表。通过双变量相关分析、独立 t 检验和因子分析对国际创伤问卷进行了心理测量:研究结果表明,国际创伤问卷具有良好的信度和效度,与以往的研究结果一致。确认性因子分析结果支持《国际疾病分类-11》中复杂创伤后应激障碍标准的结构。2 因子二阶模型是拟合度最高的模型。复杂创伤后应激障碍的 6 个症状域与抑郁症状和焦虑症状也有显著相关性:结论:国际创伤问卷中文版可用于台湾高危人群筛查和未来精神公共卫生工作。
{"title":"The Psychometric Properties of the International Trauma Questionnaire in Taiwan.","authors":"Shih-Han Chiu, Yu-Lung Chiu, Chin-Bin Yeh","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22572","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complex post-traumatic stress disorder was often present after chronic traumatic events. The diagnostic criteria of complex post-traumatic disorder consisted of both post-traumatic stress disorder and disturbance in self-organization. People with complex post-traumatic disorder often exposed to chronic stress. It might not be as significant as the major traumatic event as survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder had experienced. Therefore, the impact of complex post-traumatic stress disorder was often ignored. It is critical to identify the at-risk individuals with complex post-traumatic disorder in community. We planned to investigate the psychometrics of the International Trauma Questionnaire for assessing complex post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred twenty-one individuals were enrolled and they completed 8 self-report scales, including International Trauma Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Chinese version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Interpersonal Relationship Scale. The psychometric of International Trauma Questionnaire was examined by bivariate correlation analysis, independent <i>t</i>-test, and factor analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed International Trauma Questionnaire had good reliability and validity and corresponded with previous studies. The result of confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of complex post-traumatic stress disorder criteria in International Classification of Diseases-11. The 2-factor second-order model was the best-fitting model. The 6 symptom domains of complex post-traumatic stress disorder were also significantly correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It suggests that the Chinese version of International Trauma Questionnaire could be used for screening at-risk groups and future works for mental public health in Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77865132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In this study, we aimed to examine the predictive effects of parental attitudes and childhood traumas on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in university students.
Methods: This cross-sectional and correlational study was performed with the participation of 780 students. The data collection tools were a "Descriptive Information Form," the "Padua Inventory," the "Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28," and the "Parental Attitude Scale."
Results: The results of the regression analysis revealed that perceived protective/demanding (ß = 0.959; P < .001) and authoritarian (ß = 0.439; P < .001) parenting attitudes and childhood traumas (emotional neglect ß = 0.905; P = .049; physical abuse ß = 1.464; P = .002; emotional abuse ß = 2.152; P < .001; sexual abuse ß = 0.812; P = .030) constituted a positive and significant predictor of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Conclusion: Evaluation of parental attitudes and childhood traumas and interventions aimed at predicting the obsessive-compulsive disorder-related consequences of parental attitudes and childhood traumas can help alleviate obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Involving families in treatment approaches such as psychoeducation and psychotherapy for childhood trauma victims with obsessive-compulsive disorder and cooperation with families can positively affect treatment processes. Nurses with the roles of direct care, support, education, and counseling have important standing in running psychoeducation groups. In particular, academic psychiatric nurses can identify risky students and provide counseling and psychoeducation to university students.
{"title":"Parental Attitudes and Childhood Traumas as Predictors of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in University Students.","authors":"Havva Kaçan, Ayfer Öztürk","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22508","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, we aimed to examine the predictive effects of parental attitudes and childhood traumas on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and correlational study was performed with the participation of 780 students. The data collection tools were a \"Descriptive Information Form,\" the \"Padua Inventory,\" the \"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28,\" and the \"Parental Attitude Scale.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the regression analysis revealed that perceived protective/demanding (ß = 0.959; <i>P</i> < .001) and authoritarian (ß = 0.439; <i>P</i> < .001) parenting attitudes and childhood traumas (emotional neglect ß = 0.905; <i>P</i> = .049; physical abuse ß = 1.464; <i>P</i> = .002; emotional abuse ß = 2.152; <i>P</i> < .001; sexual abuse ß = 0.812; <i>P</i> = .030) constituted a positive and significant predictor of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evaluation of parental attitudes and childhood traumas and interventions aimed at predicting the obsessive-compulsive disorder-related consequences of parental attitudes and childhood traumas can help alleviate obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Involving families in treatment approaches such as psychoeducation and psychotherapy for childhood trauma victims with obsessive-compulsive disorder and cooperation with families can positively affect treatment processes. Nurses with the roles of direct care, support, education, and counseling have important standing in running psychoeducation groups. In particular, academic psychiatric nurses can identify risky students and provide counseling and psychoeducation to university students.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84630907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabri Abuş, Yaşar Kapıcı, Selçuk Ayhan, Atilla Tekin
Background: Autonomic instability is blamed for panic disorder pathophysiology. It has been suggested that this may raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. A new proposal for ventricular depolarization and repolarization impairment is the frontal QRS-T angle.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 61 patients with panic disorder and 73 healthy controls were included. The severity of panic disorder was evaluated using the Severity Measure for Panic Disorder-Adult. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, hemogram, and biochemistry data were recorded.
Results: Patients with panic disorder had a greater frontal QRS-T angle than healthy controls. In panic disorder patients, the values for hemoglobin, eosinophil count, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all significantly lower than healthy controls. In comparison to healthy controls, panic disorder patients had significantly higher values for total cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Significant correlations were found between frontal QRS-T and Severity Measure for Panic Disorder-Adult, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. The frontal QRS-T value is positively and significantly predicted by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio value according to the linear regression analysis for the frontal QRS-T angle [F(6.54) = 8.375, P < .001, adjusted R2: 0.424].
Conclusion: The current study found that the frontal QRS-T angle increased with the severity of the disease in patients with panic disorder. Frontal QRS-T angle may help to estimate cardiovascular disease risk in patients with panic disorder. This relationship may be necessary in terms of cardiovascular events and inflammatory conditions.
{"title":"Comparison of Frontal QRS-T Angle in Patients with Panic Disorder and Healthy Control Group: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Sabri Abuş, Yaşar Kapıcı, Selçuk Ayhan, Atilla Tekin","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22451","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autonomic instability is blamed for panic disorder pathophysiology. It has been suggested that this may raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. A new proposal for ventricular depolarization and repolarization impairment is the frontal QRS-T angle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 61 patients with panic disorder and 73 healthy controls were included. The severity of panic disorder was evaluated using the Severity Measure for Panic Disorder-Adult. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, hemogram, and biochemistry data were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with panic disorder had a greater frontal QRS-T angle than healthy controls. In panic disorder patients, the values for hemoglobin, eosinophil count, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all significantly lower than healthy controls. In comparison to healthy controls, panic disorder patients had significantly higher values for total cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Significant correlations were found between frontal QRS-T and Severity Measure for Panic Disorder-Adult, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. The frontal QRS-T value is positively and significantly predicted by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio value according to the linear regression analysis for the frontal QRS-T angle [<i>F</i>(6.54) = 8.375, <i>P</i> < .001, adjusted <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup>: 0.424].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study found that the frontal QRS-T angle increased with the severity of the disease in patients with panic disorder. Frontal QRS-T angle may help to estimate cardiovascular disease risk in patients with panic disorder. This relationship may be necessary in terms of cardiovascular events and inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79545364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hilal Akköprü, Alper Alnak, Zeynep Nur Karadoğan, Ahmet Okay Çağlayan, Mustafa Özçetin, Murat Coşkun
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral expression of ADORA2A (Adenosine A2A receptor gene) in young subjects with autism spectrum disorder compared with healthy controls and its relationship with clinical characteristics.
Method: This study included 93 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder as the study group and 105 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Blood samples were obtained from all participants, and a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed. Parent- and clinician-rated assessment instruments were used to assess and rate the severity of autism spectrum disorder and other emotional/behavioral problems.
Results: The mean age of the study group was 9.06 ± 3.57 and 86% were male (n = 83), whereas the mean age of the control group was 9.22 ± 3.86 and 86.7% were male (n = 91). We have found a higher level of peripheral expression of ADORA2A in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared with healthy controls (fold change = 1.33, P = .001). We also found a weak negative correlation with autism spectrum disorder severity (r = -0.216; P = .038) and stereotyped behaviors (r = -0.207, P = .046).
Conclusion: ADORA2A genes may have a role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether peripheral expression of ADORA2A genes may be among the biomarkers for diagnosing or measuring the severity of autism spectrum disorder.
{"title":"Peripheral Expression of <i>ADORA2A</i> Is Increased and Is Correlated with Autism Spectrum Disorder Severity in a Sample of Turkish Children.","authors":"Hilal Akköprü, Alper Alnak, Zeynep Nur Karadoğan, Ahmet Okay Çağlayan, Mustafa Özçetin, Murat Coşkun","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22509","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral expression of <i>ADORA2A</i> (Adenosine A2A receptor gene) in young subjects with autism spectrum disorder compared with healthy controls and its relationship with clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study included 93 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder as the study group and 105 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Blood samples were obtained from all participants, and a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed. Parent- and clinician-rated assessment instruments were used to assess and rate the severity of autism spectrum disorder and other emotional/behavioral problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the study group was 9.06 ± 3.57 and 86% were male (n = 83), whereas the mean age of the control group was 9.22 ± 3.86 and 86.7% were male (n = 91). We have found a higher level of peripheral expression of <i>ADORA2A</i> in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared with healthy controls (fold change = 1.33, <i>P</i> = .001). We also found a weak negative correlation with autism spectrum disorder severity (<i>r</i> = -0.216; <i>P</i> = .038) and stereotyped behaviors (<i>r</i> = -0.207, <i>P</i> = .046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>ADORA2A</i> genes may have a role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether peripheral expression of <i>ADORA2A</i> genes may be among the biomarkers for diagnosing or measuring the severity of autism spectrum disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87154265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan Jin, Rachel Goud, Huda Al-Shamali, Anja Dzunic, Tirzah Lyons, Matthew Reeson, Hannah Pazderka, Liz Dennett, Wanda Polzin, Yifeng Wei, Peter H Silverstone, Andrew J Greenshaw
International public health strategies indicate a need for equitable resources for wellness in younger children and their caregivers. Reflective functioning, a proxy for emotional regulation abilities, is a key area in this domain. As an emerging area, reflective functioning has not been mapped comprehensively and requires systematic investigation. This review examines "what qualitative and quantitative evidence is there for the value of reflective functioning assessment and intervention studies in caregiver-child dyads?" This scoping review focused on data published to September 2021, focusing on caregivers of children ≤36 months of age (including Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were followed. From 5162 initial articles, 608 papers were screened for full text yielding a final 181 papers. Only 69 studies included multiple ethnicities. Seven of the 69 studies included at least 1 Indigenous person. No studies were conducted in low- to middle-income countries, and no studies reported data on gender identity. This review comprises a novel and comprehensive mapping of the reflective functioning literature in terms of both assessment and intervention studies. The present mapping of the reflective functioning literature indicates the importance of health disparities in caregiver-child dyads (these include gaps and needs for future research). In relation to gaps, studies of adverse childhood experience, consideration of equity, diversity, and inclusion, and global mental health are underrepresented. Future research is needed to provide information on the relevance of gender identity and low- to middle-income countries in relation to the impact on reflective functioning in this context.
国际公共卫生战略表明,需要为低龄儿童及其照顾者的健康提供公平的资源。反思功能是情绪调节能力的代表,也是这一领域的关键领域。作为一个新兴领域,反思功能尚未得到全面的研究,需要进行系统的调查。本综述探讨了 "有哪些定性和定量证据可以证明反思功能评估和干预研究在照顾者-儿童二元组合中的价值?本范围界定综述关注的是截至 2021 年 9 月发表的数据,重点是年龄≤36 个月儿童的照顾者(包括 Medline、PsycINFO、CINAHL、ERIC、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Embase)。研究遵循了《系统综述和元分析的首选报告项目》(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews)指南。从最初的 5162 篇文章中,对 608 篇进行了全文筛选,最终得出 181 篇论文。只有 69 项研究包含多个种族。69 项研究中,有 7 项研究至少包括 1 名土著人。没有研究是在中低收入国家进行的,也没有研究报告有关性别认同的数据。本综述从评估和干预研究两方面对反思性机能文献进行了新颖而全面的梳理。目前的反思功能文献图谱显示了照顾者-儿童二元组合中健康差异的重要性(包括差距和未来研究需求)。在差距方面,有关不良童年经历的研究、对公平、多样性和包容性的考虑,以及全球心理健康的研究都不足。未来的研究需要提供有关性别认同和中低收入国家在此背景下对反思功能影响的相关信息。
{"title":"Early Mental Health Foundations: A Scoping Review of Reflective Functioning in Caregiver-Child Dyads.","authors":"Jonathan Jin, Rachel Goud, Huda Al-Shamali, Anja Dzunic, Tirzah Lyons, Matthew Reeson, Hannah Pazderka, Liz Dennett, Wanda Polzin, Yifeng Wei, Peter H Silverstone, Andrew J Greenshaw","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22549","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International public health strategies indicate a need for equitable resources for wellness in younger children and their caregivers. Reflective functioning, a proxy for emotional regulation abilities, is a key area in this domain. As an emerging area, reflective functioning has not been mapped comprehensively and requires systematic investigation. This review examines \"what qualitative and quantitative evidence is there for the value of reflective functioning assessment and intervention studies in caregiver-child dyads?\" This scoping review focused on data published to September 2021, focusing on caregivers of children ≤36 months of age (including Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were followed. From 5162 initial articles, 608 papers were screened for full text yielding a final 181 papers. Only 69 studies included multiple ethnicities. Seven of the 69 studies included at least 1 Indigenous person. No studies were conducted in low- to middle-income countries, and no studies reported data on gender identity. This review comprises a novel and comprehensive mapping of the reflective functioning literature in terms of both assessment and intervention studies. The present mapping of the reflective functioning literature indicates the importance of health disparities in caregiver-child dyads (these include gaps and needs for future research). In relation to gaps, studies of adverse childhood experience, consideration of equity, diversity, and inclusion, and global mental health are underrepresented. Future research is needed to provide information on the relevance of gender identity and low- to middle-income countries in relation to the impact on reflective functioning in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86564896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}