Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1674241
F. Kılıçaslan, Hamza Ayaydın, H. Çelik, M. Kutuk, H. Kandemir, I. Koyuncu, A. Kirmit
ABSTRACT Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, that starts in early childhood and presents with deficiencies in social-communicational domains along with restricted and repetitive behaviours/interests. While genetic factors are dominant in its pathogenesis, many factors, including neurological, environmental and immunological have been identified. Furtheremore, although cerebellar dysfunction in the etiology of autism has been shown in different studies, the possible causes of the dysfunction and the role of neuroinflammation among these causes have not been clarified yet. Anti-Yo, anti-Hu, anti-Ri and anti-Amphiphysin antibodies have been found to be associated with cerebellar degeneration. The aim of the present study was to compare anti-Yo, anti-Hu, anti-Ri and anti- Amphiphysin antibodies and 8-OHdG values in blood using the ELISA method between ASD patients and healthy children to demonstrate the role of neuroinflammation as a potential cause of cerebellar dysfunction and DNA damage and evaluate the relationship between Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores in children diagnosed with ASD and these parameters. Methods: Thirty-five consecutive children between the ages of 3 and 12 referred to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Harran University Hospital and diagnosed with ASD according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were included in the study. The children did not have any chronic physical disorders and were treatment naive. Thirty-three healthy children between the ages of 3 and 12 without any physical or psychiatric disorders were included as the healthy control group. For psychiatric evaluation, a sociodemographic form and to measure the severity of autism, CARS was used. In the study, anti-Yo, anti-Hu, anti-Ri and anti-Amphiphysin antibodies and 8-OHdG values in blood were investigated using the ELISA method. Results: Thirty-five cases with autism (62.9% males) and thirty-three healthy controls (72.7% males) were included in the present study (p = 0.385). The median age was 6.0 in the ASD group and 7.0 in the control group (p = 0.146). Among ASD patients, anti-Ri antibody positivity was detected, while no anti-Ri antibody positivity was found in the control group (p = 0.002). In the ASD group, the anti-Hu and 8-OHdG values were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.001); no significant difference was found between the ASD and control groups with regard to the anti-Yo and anti-Amphiphysin values (p = 0.113, p = 0.275). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that antibodies against cerebellum may be present among children with ASD and DNA damage may occur due to oxidative stress.
目的:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种始于儿童早期的神经发育障碍，表现为社交交流领域的缺陷以及限制和重复的行为/兴趣。虽然遗传因素在其发病机制中占主导地位，但许多因素，包括神经、环境和免疫已被确定。此外，虽然小脑功能障碍在自闭症的病因学中已经在不同的研究中得到证实，但功能障碍的可能原因以及神经炎症在这些原因中的作用尚未明确。抗yo、抗hu、抗ri和抗amphiphysin抗体已被发现与小脑变性有关。本研究旨在通过ELISA方法比较ASD患者与健康儿童血液中抗yo、抗hu、抗ri、抗Amphiphysin抗体及8-OHdG值，以证明神经炎症是导致小脑功能障碍和DNA损伤的潜在原因，并评价ASD儿童儿童自闭症评定量表(CARS)评分与这些参数的关系。方法:选取连续35例根据DSM-5诊断标准就诊于哈兰大学医院儿童与青少年精神病学门诊，年龄在3 ~ 12岁之间，诊断为ASD的儿童。这些儿童没有任何慢性身体疾病，接受了幼稚治疗。33名年龄在3至12岁之间，没有任何身体或精神疾病的健康儿童被纳入健康对照组。对于精神病学评估，一种社会人口统计形式和衡量自闭症的严重程度，使用了CARS。本研究采用ELISA法检测血清中抗yo、抗hu、抗ri、抗amphiphysin抗体及8-OHdG值。结果:本研究共纳入35例自闭症患者(男性占62.9%)和33例健康对照组(男性占72.7%)(p = 0.385)。ASD组的中位年龄为6.0岁，对照组为7.0岁(p = 0.146)。ASD患者中检测到抗ri抗体阳性，而对照组未检测到抗ri抗体阳性(p = 0.002)。ASD组抗hu、8-OHdG值显著高于对照组(p < 0.001, p = 0.001);在抗yo和抗amphiphysin值方面，ASD组与对照组无显著差异(p = 0.113, p = 0.275)。结论:本研究结果提示ASD患儿可能存在抗小脑抗体，氧化应激可能导致DNA损伤。
{"title":"Antineuronal antibodies and 8-OHdG an indicator of cerebellar dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: a case–control study","authors":"F. Kılıçaslan, Hamza Ayaydın, H. Çelik, M. Kutuk, H. Kandemir, I. Koyuncu, A. Kirmit","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2019.1674241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2019.1674241","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, that starts in early childhood and presents with deficiencies in social-communicational domains along with restricted and repetitive behaviours/interests. While genetic factors are dominant in its pathogenesis, many factors, including neurological, environmental and immunological have been identified. Furtheremore, although cerebellar dysfunction in the etiology of autism has been shown in different studies, the possible causes of the dysfunction and the role of neuroinflammation among these causes have not been clarified yet. Anti-Yo, anti-Hu, anti-Ri and anti-Amphiphysin antibodies have been found to be associated with cerebellar degeneration. The aim of the present study was to compare anti-Yo, anti-Hu, anti-Ri and anti- Amphiphysin antibodies and 8-OHdG values in blood using the ELISA method between ASD patients and healthy children to demonstrate the role of neuroinflammation as a potential cause of cerebellar dysfunction and DNA damage and evaluate the relationship between Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores in children diagnosed with ASD and these parameters. Methods: Thirty-five consecutive children between the ages of 3 and 12 referred to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Harran University Hospital and diagnosed with ASD according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were included in the study. The children did not have any chronic physical disorders and were treatment naive. Thirty-three healthy children between the ages of 3 and 12 without any physical or psychiatric disorders were included as the healthy control group. For psychiatric evaluation, a sociodemographic form and to measure the severity of autism, CARS was used. In the study, anti-Yo, anti-Hu, anti-Ri and anti-Amphiphysin antibodies and 8-OHdG values in blood were investigated using the ELISA method. Results: Thirty-five cases with autism (62.9% males) and thirty-three healthy controls (72.7% males) were included in the present study (p = 0.385). The median age was 6.0 in the ASD group and 7.0 in the control group (p = 0.146). Among ASD patients, anti-Ri antibody positivity was detected, while no anti-Ri antibody positivity was found in the control group (p = 0.002). In the ASD group, the anti-Hu and 8-OHdG values were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.001); no significant difference was found between the ASD and control groups with regard to the anti-Yo and anti-Amphiphysin values (p = 0.113, p = 0.275). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that antibodies against cerebellum may be present among children with ASD and DNA damage may occur due to oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"37 1","pages":"840 - 846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75643993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1472923
Hesna Gül, S. Fırat, M. Sertçelik, A. Gül, Yusuf Gürel, B. Kılıç
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cyberbullying, has concerned professionals due to increased use of media over time and as predicted, this type of bullying is fairly common among adolescents. We aimed to define the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber victimization, examine relationships between problematic smartphone (SP) use (PSU), psychiatric symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties in a clinical adolescent sample. Also, we aimed to predict risk factors of being an E-Victim and E-Bully. METHODS: One hundred and fifty adolescents have recruited the study. Demographic Information Form, Problematic Mobile Phone Usage Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, E-Victimization–E-Bullying Scale were filled out by adolescents. RESULTS: Our results indicated that the prevalence of cybervictimization and cyberbullying were 62.6% and 53.3%, respectively. BEVEB (Both E-Victim and E-Bully) group adolescents were older than NVB (Non-Victim/Bully) groups. Access internet via own SP, PSU, problems in strategies and impulse control and were significantly higher and “lack of awareness” scores were significantly lower in BEVEB group than others. In addition, when compared with OEV (only E-Victims) group, BEVEB group had also higher hostility scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that high scores of “lack of awareness” and higher E-bullying scores increase the risk of being an E-Victim; and higher scores of hostility and E-victimization and lower scores of “lack of awareness” (in other words being more aware of feelings) increase the risk of being an E-bully. CONCLUSIONS: According to analyses, contrary to our expectations, PSU was important but not an independent predictor of being an E-Victim/E-Bully. Our results also demonstrated an interesting finding: lack of awareness is a risk factor for being an E-victim. We interpreted this result as could not be aware of feelings increase the victimization risk. On the other hand, E-Bullies have higher hostility and victimization while having lower “lack of awareness” scores. It could be speculated that, re-victimization and being aware of hostility feelings could increase the cyberbullying among adolescents. In addition being an E-Bully could be a consequence of being an E-victim and increasing hostility and awareness over time. These results should be re-examined in larger clinical samples.
摘要背景:随着时间的推移，随着媒体使用的增加，网络欺凌一直受到专业人士的关注，正如预测的那样，这种类型的欺凌在青少年中相当普遍。我们的目的是定义网络欺凌和网络受害的流行程度，研究临床青少年样本中问题智能手机(SP)使用(PSU)、精神症状和情绪调节困难之间的关系。此外，我们还旨在预测成为电子受害者和电子欺凌者的危险因素。方法:150名青少年参与了这项研究。青少年填写《人口统计信息表》、《问题手机使用量表》、《症状简易量表》、《情绪调节困难量表》、《电子伤害-电子欺凌量表》。结果:网络欺凌和网络受害的发生率分别为62.6%和53.3%。BEVEB (E-Victim和E-Bully)组的青少年比NVB (Non-Victim/Bully)组的青少年年龄大。BEVEB组的网络接入能力、上网能力、策略问题和冲动控制得分显著高于其他组，而“缺乏意识”得分显著低于其他组。此外，与OEV组相比，BEVEB组的敌意得分也更高。Logistic回归分析显示，“缺乏意识”和“电子欺凌”得分越高，成为电子受害者的风险越高;敌意和电子欺凌得分越高，“缺乏意识”得分越低(换句话说，更清楚自己的感受)，成为电子欺凌者的风险就越大。结论:根据分析，与我们的预期相反，PSU是重要的，但不是e -受害者/ e -欺凌的独立预测因子。我们的研究结果还显示了一个有趣的发现:缺乏意识是成为电子受害者的一个风险因素。我们将这一结果解释为无法意识到的情感增加了受害的风险。另一方面，电子欺凌者具有更高的敌意和受害倾向，而“缺乏意识”得分较低。由此可以推测，再次受害和敌意意识会增加青少年网络欺凌的发生。此外，成为电子欺凌者可能是成为电子受害者的结果，随着时间的推移，敌意和意识也会增加。这些结果应该在更大的临床样本中重新检验。
{"title":"Cyberbullying among a clinical adolescent sample in Turkey: effects of problematic smartphone use, psychiatric symptoms, and emotion regulation difficulties","authors":"Hesna Gül, S. Fırat, M. Sertçelik, A. Gül, Yusuf Gürel, B. Kılıç","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2018.1472923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2018.1472923","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cyberbullying, has concerned professionals due to increased use of media over time and as predicted, this type of bullying is fairly common among adolescents. We aimed to define the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber victimization, examine relationships between problematic smartphone (SP) use (PSU), psychiatric symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties in a clinical adolescent sample. Also, we aimed to predict risk factors of being an E-Victim and E-Bully. METHODS: One hundred and fifty adolescents have recruited the study. Demographic Information Form, Problematic Mobile Phone Usage Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, E-Victimization–E-Bullying Scale were filled out by adolescents. RESULTS: Our results indicated that the prevalence of cybervictimization and cyberbullying were 62.6% and 53.3%, respectively. BEVEB (Both E-Victim and E-Bully) group adolescents were older than NVB (Non-Victim/Bully) groups. Access internet via own SP, PSU, problems in strategies and impulse control and were significantly higher and “lack of awareness” scores were significantly lower in BEVEB group than others. In addition, when compared with OEV (only E-Victims) group, BEVEB group had also higher hostility scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that high scores of “lack of awareness” and higher E-bullying scores increase the risk of being an E-Victim; and higher scores of hostility and E-victimization and lower scores of “lack of awareness” (in other words being more aware of feelings) increase the risk of being an E-bully. CONCLUSIONS: According to analyses, contrary to our expectations, PSU was important but not an independent predictor of being an E-Victim/E-Bully. Our results also demonstrated an interesting finding: lack of awareness is a risk factor for being an E-victim. We interpreted this result as could not be aware of feelings increase the victimization risk. On the other hand, E-Bullies have higher hostility and victimization while having lower “lack of awareness” scores. It could be speculated that, re-victimization and being aware of hostility feelings could increase the cyberbullying among adolescents. In addition being an E-Bully could be a consequence of being an E-victim and increasing hostility and awareness over time. These results should be re-examined in larger clinical samples.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":"547 - 557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81552451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1457489
Ç. Uğur, A. Tonyali, Z. Goker, O. Uneri
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate the birth order of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and ways of delivery at birth, together with the phenomenon of reproductive stoppage and the number of siblings in the case families (families of children with ASD in the study). METHODS: One hundred and ninety-six subjects with ASD and 54 healthy children were included into the study. Demographics were collected. Autism Behaviour Checklist (ABC), Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (AbBC), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were administered. Depending on the type of data and on the objective of the assessment, Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-square test, and Spearman tests were used for statistical analysis. A p-value smaller than .05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: In the study group consisting of children with ASD, the rate of being the first-born child was determined to be more frequent, significantly, compared to the rate in the control group (p = .001). It was also found that 86.7% (n = 170) of the children in the ASD group had at least one sibling compared to the rate of 81.5% (n = 44) for their counterparts in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study compared ASD group to controls in terms of birth order, demonstrating a significant difference for being the first-born child in the ASD group. Birth order can be considered to be one of the several environmental factors that will help in understanding ASD, in which environmental factors can be the cause of phenotypic complexity. For all that, in our study, it was observed that having a child with autism in the Turkish sample did not affect the decision for the next pregnancy.
{"title":"Birth order and reproductive stoppage in families of children with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Ç. Uğur, A. Tonyali, Z. Goker, O. Uneri","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2018.1457489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2018.1457489","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate the birth order of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and ways of delivery at birth, together with the phenomenon of reproductive stoppage and the number of siblings in the case families (families of children with ASD in the study). METHODS: One hundred and ninety-six subjects with ASD and 54 healthy children were included into the study. Demographics were collected. Autism Behaviour Checklist (ABC), Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (AbBC), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were administered. Depending on the type of data and on the objective of the assessment, Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-square test, and Spearman tests were used for statistical analysis. A p-value smaller than .05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: In the study group consisting of children with ASD, the rate of being the first-born child was determined to be more frequent, significantly, compared to the rate in the control group (p = .001). It was also found that 86.7% (n = 170) of the children in the ASD group had at least one sibling compared to the rate of 81.5% (n = 44) for their counterparts in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study compared ASD group to controls in terms of birth order, demonstrating a significant difference for being the first-born child in the ASD group. Birth order can be considered to be one of the several environmental factors that will help in understanding ASD, in which environmental factors can be the cause of phenotypic complexity. For all that, in our study, it was observed that having a child with autism in the Turkish sample did not affect the decision for the next pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"69 3 1","pages":"509 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89117782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1673944
Yalçın Karaküçük, A. Beyoğlu, Ayşegül Çömez, F. Orhan, Merve Demir
ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of SSRIs on cornea and lens density, intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber parameters, including anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal volume (CV) and central corneal thickness (CCT), in patients with depression during a three-month follow-up period. METHOD: In this prospective study, 31 total patients, who were prescribed SSRIs for depression, were recruited. Sertraline, 50 mg/daily, was given to ten patients; 11 received Escitalopram, 10 mg/daily; and ten were treated with Fluoxetine, 20 mg/daily. The parameters recorded were corneal density (CD), lens density (LD), IOP, ACV, ACD, CV and CCT at the start of treatment, as well as at one-week, one-month, and three-month follow-ups. RESULTS: The study revealed that there was no risk of cataract development from three months of SSRI intake. Significant decrease in ACD was recorded at the one-week follow up; however, after three months, this decrease was insignificant compared to the baseline. ACV, CV, CCT, CD and LD showed no significant alterations in any of the follow up examinations over the three-month period. IOP, however, significantly fell (a P value of 0.004). CONCLUSION: In this study, SSRI use does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of cataract or glaucoma or with changes in CD and LD. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine the actual risk of cataract or glaucoma with SSRI intake.
{"title":"Early effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on cornea and lens density in patients with depression","authors":"Yalçın Karaküçük, A. Beyoğlu, Ayşegül Çömez, F. Orhan, Merve Demir","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2019.1673944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2019.1673944","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of SSRIs on cornea and lens density, intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber parameters, including anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal volume (CV) and central corneal thickness (CCT), in patients with depression during a three-month follow-up period. METHOD: In this prospective study, 31 total patients, who were prescribed SSRIs for depression, were recruited. Sertraline, 50 mg/daily, was given to ten patients; 11 received Escitalopram, 10 mg/daily; and ten were treated with Fluoxetine, 20 mg/daily. The parameters recorded were corneal density (CD), lens density (LD), IOP, ACV, ACD, CV and CCT at the start of treatment, as well as at one-week, one-month, and three-month follow-ups. RESULTS: The study revealed that there was no risk of cataract development from three months of SSRI intake. Significant decrease in ACD was recorded at the one-week follow up; however, after three months, this decrease was insignificant compared to the baseline. ACV, CV, CCT, CD and LD showed no significant alterations in any of the follow up examinations over the three-month period. IOP, however, significantly fell (a P value of 0.004). CONCLUSION: In this study, SSRI use does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of cataract or glaucoma or with changes in CD and LD. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine the actual risk of cataract or glaucoma with SSRI intake.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"11 1","pages":"387 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81631854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1691320
Boram Lee, Yang-Eun Kim
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) is a practical self-report measure that screens for the severity of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in primary care. Previous studies have shown that the GAD-7 is theoretically sound, but the results regarding its psychometric properties have been somewhat inconsistent with both adult and student samples. Despite these findings, the psychometric properties of the GAD-7 have remained untested among Korean university students, for whom the identification of efficient measures of these constructs is especially important. To determine the psychometric properties of the GAD-7, the present study examined the internal consistency, convergent validity, and underlying factor structure of the GAD-7 with a sample of Korean university students. METHODS: The sample consisted of 582 students attending a four-year university in South Korea. All participants completed the Korean version of the GAD-7, the Depression Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The factor structure of the GAD-7 was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its convergent validity was determined by investigating its correlations with the DASS-21 and PHQ-9. RESULTS: CFA procedures confirmed that a modified one-factor model was an acceptable solution. The internal consistency of the scale was excellent. The GAD-7 showed a moderate to strong correlation with the three subscales of the DASS-21 and with the PHQ-9, confirming convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the modified GAD-7 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing generalized anxiety symptoms in university students. Its use for research and health care practice is warranted.
{"title":"The psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) among Korean university students","authors":"Boram Lee, Yang-Eun Kim","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2019.1691320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2019.1691320","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) is a practical self-report measure that screens for the severity of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in primary care. Previous studies have shown that the GAD-7 is theoretically sound, but the results regarding its psychometric properties have been somewhat inconsistent with both adult and student samples. Despite these findings, the psychometric properties of the GAD-7 have remained untested among Korean university students, for whom the identification of efficient measures of these constructs is especially important. To determine the psychometric properties of the GAD-7, the present study examined the internal consistency, convergent validity, and underlying factor structure of the GAD-7 with a sample of Korean university students. METHODS: The sample consisted of 582 students attending a four-year university in South Korea. All participants completed the Korean version of the GAD-7, the Depression Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The factor structure of the GAD-7 was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its convergent validity was determined by investigating its correlations with the DASS-21 and PHQ-9. RESULTS: CFA procedures confirmed that a modified one-factor model was an acceptable solution. The internal consistency of the scale was excellent. The GAD-7 showed a moderate to strong correlation with the three subscales of the DASS-21 and with the PHQ-9, confirming convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the modified GAD-7 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing generalized anxiety symptoms in university students. Its use for research and health care practice is warranted.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"38 1","pages":"864 - 871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82194592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1673936
B. Güngör, Nalan Öztürk, Ayça Öngel Atar, N. Aydın
ABSTRACT Objective: The literature provides very limited information on mirtazapine usage in the pregnancy period. The groups including pregnant women who used SSRI or mirtazapine as a single treatment, SSRI–mirtazapine combination treatment and unmedicated groups were compared with respect to illness severity and birth outcomes. Method: The study sample included 120 pregnant women; 40 women with SSRI usage, 16 women with mirtazapine usage, 18 women with combined SSRI- mirtazapine usage, 23 women with unmedicated psychiatric disorder and who elected not to take medication during their pregnancy or discontinued antidepressants by themselves, and 23 healthy control women. Results: No difference was obtained with regard to the gestation week of birth, birth weight, the duration of stay in the neonatal care unit among the SSRI, mirtazapine, SSRI–mirtazapine combination, unmedicated patient and control groups. The likelihood of a new diagnosis was highest in the mirtazapine group. The majority of pregnant women whose psychiatric disorders were more severe and more relapsed used SSRI–mirtazapine combination treatment. Conclusion: No difference was observed between the SSRI and mirtazapine usage in the pregnancy period with regard to the birth outcomes. Similar birth outcomes could present clinicians with the option of prescribing mirtazapine as a safe alternative to SSRI in the treatment of antenatal psychiatric patients.
{"title":"Comparison of the groups treated with mirtazapine and selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors with respect to birth outcomes and severity of psychiatric disorder","authors":"B. Güngör, Nalan Öztürk, Ayça Öngel Atar, N. Aydın","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2019.1673936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2019.1673936","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: The literature provides very limited information on mirtazapine usage in the pregnancy period. The groups including pregnant women who used SSRI or mirtazapine as a single treatment, SSRI–mirtazapine combination treatment and unmedicated groups were compared with respect to illness severity and birth outcomes. Method: The study sample included 120 pregnant women; 40 women with SSRI usage, 16 women with mirtazapine usage, 18 women with combined SSRI- mirtazapine usage, 23 women with unmedicated psychiatric disorder and who elected not to take medication during their pregnancy or discontinued antidepressants by themselves, and 23 healthy control women. Results: No difference was obtained with regard to the gestation week of birth, birth weight, the duration of stay in the neonatal care unit among the SSRI, mirtazapine, SSRI–mirtazapine combination, unmedicated patient and control groups. The likelihood of a new diagnosis was highest in the mirtazapine group. The majority of pregnant women whose psychiatric disorders were more severe and more relapsed used SSRI–mirtazapine combination treatment. Conclusion: No difference was observed between the SSRI and mirtazapine usage in the pregnancy period with regard to the birth outcomes. Similar birth outcomes could present clinicians with the option of prescribing mirtazapine as a safe alternative to SSRI in the treatment of antenatal psychiatric patients.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"67 1","pages":"822 - 831"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81124150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1691352
Yaying Li, Long Han, Tong Lu, M. Noman, Weidong Qiang, Xinxin Lan, Tingting Gao, Jinnan Guo, Xiaomei Zhang, Haiyan Li, Jing Yang, Linna Du
ABSTRACT Objective: Depression is an disease that seriously endangers the physical and mental health of human body. However, in view of the limitation of existing antidepressants, it's urgent to find new antidepressants from natural products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Paecilomyces tenuipes, which is an important entomogenous fungus in China. Methods: This research was intent to investigate the antidepressant actions of P. tenuipes M98 extracts using a battery of behavioural models including tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), 5-HTP-induced head twitch response and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in mice. Results: Fifteen days treatment with aqueous and ethanol extracts signifificantly decreased the duration of immobility in TST and FST, without signifificant changes in locomotor activity. Moreover, chronic application of extracts for 21 days signifificantly improved the depressive-like behaviours of CUMS mice, including reduced body weight and sucrose preference and lengthened immobility time in TST and FST. In addition, extracts produced a signifificant increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, but not noradrenaline, levels in hypothalamus. These fifindings suggested that this action of P. tenuipes might be related to the regulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, which were further confirmed via 5-HTP induced head-twitch test. In addition, P. tenuipes M98 extracts also displayed anti-oxidative effffects. Conclusion: P. tenuipes M98 extracts present excellent antidepressant-like activities, which might be explained by regulation of neurotransmitters and alleviation of oxidative stress.
{"title":"Antidepressant-like activities of extracts of the fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes M98","authors":"Yaying Li, Long Han, Tong Lu, M. Noman, Weidong Qiang, Xinxin Lan, Tingting Gao, Jinnan Guo, Xiaomei Zhang, Haiyan Li, Jing Yang, Linna Du","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2019.1691352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2019.1691352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: Depression is an disease that seriously endangers the physical and mental health of human body. However, in view of the limitation of existing antidepressants, it's urgent to find new antidepressants from natural products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Paecilomyces tenuipes, which is an important entomogenous fungus in China. Methods: This research was intent to investigate the antidepressant actions of P. tenuipes M98 extracts using a battery of behavioural models including tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), 5-HTP-induced head twitch response and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in mice. Results: Fifteen days treatment with aqueous and ethanol extracts signifificantly decreased the duration of immobility in TST and FST, without signifificant changes in locomotor activity. Moreover, chronic application of extracts for 21 days signifificantly improved the depressive-like behaviours of CUMS mice, including reduced body weight and sucrose preference and lengthened immobility time in TST and FST. In addition, extracts produced a signifificant increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, but not noradrenaline, levels in hypothalamus. These fifindings suggested that this action of P. tenuipes might be related to the regulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, which were further confirmed via 5-HTP induced head-twitch test. In addition, P. tenuipes M98 extracts also displayed anti-oxidative effffects. Conclusion: P. tenuipes M98 extracts present excellent antidepressant-like activities, which might be explained by regulation of neurotransmitters and alleviation of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"181 1","pages":"872 - 879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80197188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1673945
B. Elibol, Sule Terzioglu-Usak, M. Beker, Ç. Şahbaz
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with presentation of the neuronal death, memory loss and cognitive decline. The relationship between neuroinflammation and AD has been well documented. However, the options of anti-inflammatory treatment are very limited in patients with AD. Previous studies showed that flavonoids might be an effective treatment and thymoquinone (TQ), an aromatic hydrocarbon found in Nigella sativa suggested as a candidate molecule due to having strong anti-inflammatory effects. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of TQ on neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in Aβ(1–42) infused rat model of AD. METHODS: A rat model of AD was established in 6 month-old rats (n = 23) by intra-hippocampal infusion during 14 days via a micro-osmotic pump containing aggregated Aβ(1–42). After model establishment, TQ at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day was intubated intragastrically for 15 days. The functional recovery was determined using the Morris Water Maze task by measuring memory consolidation. The content of cytokine levels of Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the hippocampus was assessed by Magnetic Luminex assay. In order to reveal the functional molecular changes in hippocampal tissue upon TQ administration, the protein expression profile of neuronal migration protein Doublecortin (DCX), synaptic plasticity marker Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase2 (MAP2) and apoptosis related protein Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Aβ(1–42) infused group had worse memory performance than sham control group on Day 4 with an amelioration in this behaviour by TQ. In our study, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-1β did not significantly alter among groups. On the other hand, Aβ(1–42) infusion slightly decreased the level of IFN-γ compared to sham control group. TQ treatment ameliorated both impaired memory performance and IFN-γ levels. It was found that TQ treatment increased the protein levels of DCX compared to the sham control group. Also, the levels of MAP2 and the activation of PARP protein markedly decreased in both Aβ(1–42) and Aβ(1–42)+TQ groups compared to the sham control groups Pearson’s correlation test showed a positive relation between IL-1β and DCX in the Aβ(1–42) group. DISCUSSION: Our data suggested that TQ-related functional improvement might result from the increasing level of neurogenesis and ameliorating the level of IFN-γ in the Aβ(1–42) infused rat model of AD.
{"title":"Thymoquinone (TQ) demonstrates its neuroprotective effect via an anti-inflammatory action on the Aβ(1–42)-infused rat model of Alzheimer's disease","authors":"B. Elibol, Sule Terzioglu-Usak, M. Beker, Ç. Şahbaz","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2019.1673945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2019.1673945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease with presentation of the neuronal death, memory loss and cognitive decline. The relationship between neuroinflammation and AD has been well documented. However, the options of anti-inflammatory treatment are very limited in patients with AD. Previous studies showed that flavonoids might be an effective treatment and thymoquinone (TQ), an aromatic hydrocarbon found in Nigella sativa suggested as a candidate molecule due to having strong anti-inflammatory effects. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of TQ on neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in Aβ(1–42) infused rat model of AD. METHODS: A rat model of AD was established in 6 month-old rats (n = 23) by intra-hippocampal infusion during 14 days via a micro-osmotic pump containing aggregated Aβ(1–42). After model establishment, TQ at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day was intubated intragastrically for 15 days. The functional recovery was determined using the Morris Water Maze task by measuring memory consolidation. The content of cytokine levels of Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the hippocampus was assessed by Magnetic Luminex assay. In order to reveal the functional molecular changes in hippocampal tissue upon TQ administration, the protein expression profile of neuronal migration protein Doublecortin (DCX), synaptic plasticity marker Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase2 (MAP2) and apoptosis related protein Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Aβ(1–42) infused group had worse memory performance than sham control group on Day 4 with an amelioration in this behaviour by TQ. In our study, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-1β did not significantly alter among groups. On the other hand, Aβ(1–42) infusion slightly decreased the level of IFN-γ compared to sham control group. TQ treatment ameliorated both impaired memory performance and IFN-γ levels. It was found that TQ treatment increased the protein levels of DCX compared to the sham control group. Also, the levels of MAP2 and the activation of PARP protein markedly decreased in both Aβ(1–42) and Aβ(1–42)+TQ groups compared to the sham control groups Pearson’s correlation test showed a positive relation between IL-1β and DCX in the Aβ(1–42) group. DISCUSSION: Our data suggested that TQ-related functional improvement might result from the increasing level of neurogenesis and ameliorating the level of IFN-γ in the Aβ(1–42) infused rat model of AD.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"103 1","pages":"379 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80655572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1468639
H. Güler, S. Türkoğlu, D. Güler
ABSTRACT Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that antagonizes 5HT2A and D2 receptors. Risperidone is used for many indications in children and adolescents. These indications include bipolar mania, schizophrenia, disruptive behaviour disorders, and aggression associated with autism spectrum disorder/mental retardation. Although it is usually well tolerated, weight gain, somnolence, rhinitis, headache, and rising appetite are among the most noticed side effects. Here we present a 5-year-old boy who developed diffuse nonpruritic maculopapular skin rash with a stable dosage of risperidone in the eighth month of treatment.
{"title":"Maculopapular rash associated with risperidone in a child","authors":"H. Güler, S. Türkoğlu, D. Güler","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2018.1468639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2018.1468639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that antagonizes 5HT2A and D2 receptors. Risperidone is used for many indications in children and adolescents. These indications include bipolar mania, schizophrenia, disruptive behaviour disorders, and aggression associated with autism spectrum disorder/mental retardation. Although it is usually well tolerated, weight gain, somnolence, rhinitis, headache, and rising appetite are among the most noticed side effects. Here we present a 5-year-old boy who developed diffuse nonpruritic maculopapular skin rash with a stable dosage of risperidone in the eighth month of treatment.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"74 1","pages":"527 - 528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79689421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1691357
Erson Aksu, Elmas Beyazyüz, Y. Albayrak, Nihan Potas, F. Durankuş, Gamze Uvaçin, M. Beyazyüz
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we aimed to compare temperament and character traits between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age-body mass index-matched healthy controls (HC). We hypothesized that patient with PCOS would differ in terms of temperament and character traits compared with HCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients who were diagnosed with PCOS and 42 age-body mass index-matched healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. The groups were compared in terms of temperament and character traits and anxiety status with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1 and STAI-2). FINDINGS: There was a statistically significant difference between patient and the control group in terms of cooperativeness dimension (t = −2.81; p = 0.006). It was a lower mean in the PCOS group (20.98 2.992). In addition, scores of STAI-1 and STAI-2 were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with the HC group (respectively; t = 5.70; p < 0.001; t = 2.12; p = 0.037). The score of cooperativeness and multivariate analysis of variance was found to be significantly lower in the PCOS group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PCOS had significant a different character trait such as lower cooperativeness compared with HC. Additionally, we found that this different character dimension would be a trait in PCOS after covariant analysis. We suggest that our result supported the psychiatric background of PCOS.
{"title":"Altered cooperativeness in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"Erson Aksu, Elmas Beyazyüz, Y. Albayrak, Nihan Potas, F. Durankuş, Gamze Uvaçin, M. Beyazyüz","doi":"10.1080/24750573.2019.1691357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2019.1691357","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we aimed to compare temperament and character traits between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age-body mass index-matched healthy controls (HC). We hypothesized that patient with PCOS would differ in terms of temperament and character traits compared with HCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients who were diagnosed with PCOS and 42 age-body mass index-matched healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. The groups were compared in terms of temperament and character traits and anxiety status with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1 and STAI-2). FINDINGS: There was a statistically significant difference between patient and the control group in terms of cooperativeness dimension (t = −2.81; p = 0.006). It was a lower mean in the PCOS group (20.98 2.992). In addition, scores of STAI-1 and STAI-2 were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with the HC group (respectively; t = 5.70; p < 0.001; t = 2.12; p = 0.037). The score of cooperativeness and multivariate analysis of variance was found to be significantly lower in the PCOS group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PCOS had significant a different character trait such as lower cooperativeness compared with HC. Additionally, we found that this different character dimension would be a trait in PCOS after covariant analysis. We suggest that our result supported the psychiatric background of PCOS.","PeriodicalId":20847,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":"76 1","pages":"880 - 886"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91227289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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