Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology最新文献

Background: To analyze the overall response of eszopiclone plus acupuncture therapy by dispersing the stagnated liver-qi and regulating the spirit (the acupuncture therapy) for treating chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)-related sleep disorders.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 107 patients with CFS-induced sleep disorders treated at the Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from February 2021 to February 2023. Among these, 50 patients who received eszopiclone tablets were collected as the control group. The remaining 57 patients who received the acupuncture therapy in addition to the treatment in the control group were collected as the observation group. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was adopted for evaluating sleep quality before and after treatment in both groups. Clinical overall response rate was compared between the 2 groups. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted for measuring fasting serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prior to and post treatment. Adverse reactions in both groups were also recorded.

Results: The observation group got significantly lower PSQI scores than the control group (P < .05). The overall response rate of the observation group seemed to be higher than that of the control group (P=.063). The observation group showed significantly higher post-treatment 5-HT and BDNF levels than the control group (both P < .05). Safety profiles favored the observation group, with fewer adverse reactions reported (7.02% vs 22.00%) (P=.026).

Conclusion: Eszopiclone plus the acupuncture therapy enhances the efficacy of treating CFS-induced sleep disorders, effectively improves serum 5-HT and BDNF levels in patients, and reduces adverse reactions.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes that leads to visionimpairment and blindness. This study aims to assess the causal relationships between geneticallypredicted psychiatric disorders and DR risk, as well as the reverse causal effect of DR on psychiatricdisorders.

Methods: A 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using geneticvariants from large-scale genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables. Exposuresincluded genetically predicted anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression,bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Causaleffects were assessed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods whileaddressing pleiotropy and confounding.

Results: The MR analysis identified ADHD as a significant protective factor for DR (odds ratio [OR]=0.913,95% confidence interval (CI): 0.870-0.957, P < .001). No evidence of a causal relationship was foundbetween DR and other psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (P=.335), depression (P=.188),OCD (P=.931), personality disorders (P=.465), schizophrenia (P=.314), or genetically predictedanxiety (P=.374). Additionally, reverse MR analysis found no evidence that DR causally influencesmental health disorders.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that ADHD may exert a protective causal effect on the risk ofdiabetic retinopathy, underscoring the need to further investigate ADHD-related neuroendocrine andvascular mechanisms in DR pathogenesis.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of individualized psychological nursingon the quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A single-center cohort study with an ambispective design was conducted. According to a1:1 ratio, the retrospective cohort included 48 patients from January 2022 to December 2022, whichwas the control group (CG), and the prospective cohort included 48 patients from January 2023 toDecember 2023, which was the intervention group (IG). The IG carried out individualized psychologicalintervention on the basis of routine nursing. The blood glucose control status, blood lipid metabolismindicators, negative emotions, self-management ability, and quality of life were compared betweengroups. The correlation between negative emotions, self-management ability, and quality of life aswell as mediating effect test were analyzed.

Results: After 6 months of follow-up, the differences of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandialblood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), and triglyceride before and after intervention in IG werehigher than those in CG (P < .05). The scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating DepressionScale (SDS), and Diabetes Specific Quality of Life Scale (DSQL) in IG after 6 weeks and 12 weeks ofintervention and after 6 months of follow-up were lower than those in CG while the score of the Type2 Diabetes Self-Care Scale (2DSCS) was higher than that in CG (P < .05). The SAS and SDS were positivelycorrelated with DSQL (P < .001), and 2DSCS was negatively correlated with DSQL (P < .001). The SAS andSDS played a partial mediating role between 2DSCS and DSQL, and their mediating effects accountedfor 23.08% and 18.25% of the total effects respectively.

Conclusion: Individualized psychological nursing can improve the negative emotions in patients withtype 2 diabetes mellitus, and enhance self-management ability and quality of life. Negative emotionsplay a partial mediating role between self-management ability and quality of life.

Background: Depression, particularly major depressive disorder, is a leading cause of disability, with limited diagnostic tools based on objective biomarkers. Advances in neurostimulation techniques, such as intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), show promise in improving treatment outcomes. However, their comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases (PubMed, Embase, Wiley, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, Wanfang, and VIP) up to September 3, 2024. Data from eligible randomized controlled trials were pooled for meta-analysis, comparing iTBS and rTMS on remission and response rates, as well as adverse effects, using RevMan software. Sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results: This meta-analysis included 10 studies. No significant difference was found between iTBS and rTMS in remission (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.72-1.42, P=.03) or response rates (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.76-1.35, P=.91). The incidence of adverse effects was similar (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 0.83-1.66, P=.38). Compared to sham stimulation, rTMS showed significantly higher remission (OR=4.84, 95% CI: 2.66-8.80, P < .001) and response rates (OR=3.92, 95% CI: 2.08-7.37, P < .001).

Conclusion: Both iTBS and rTMS have similar efficacy and safety. Further validation of multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers is needed to enhance personalized treatment strategies.

Background: To compare the effects of different exercise modalities on personality development inchildren and adolescents, providing support for the design of physical education programs.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1950 and 2023 were retrieved fromthe Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Qualityassessment was conducted using Review Manager 5.3, and network meta-analysis was performed usingR Studio/ADDIS 1.16.6.

Results: The effects varied by age group. Children: Combined exercise-cognition training was mosteffective in reducing anxiety and depression; game-based activities enhanced vitality. Adolescents: TaiChi and yoga reduced anxiety, while fitness training improved vitality.

Conclusion: Psychology-movement training (PMT) significantly alleviates anxiety and depression inchildren (50-60 minutes/session, ≥6 months) but may exacerbate depressive symptoms in adolescents.Tai Chi/yoga combined with aerobic/strength exercises reduces anxiety in adolescents. Aerobic/strength training (4 sessions per week, 25-30 minutes per session, 50%-85% HRmax) boosts vitality andreduces hostility. Game-based activities and moderate Tai Chi/yoga (5 sessions per week, ≥30 minutesper session) significantly enhance vitality. Team training improves athletic competence but has nosignificant effect on emotional outcomes.

Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation (3MDR) is an innovative exposure-based immersive psychotherapeutic intervention for the treatment of post-traumatic conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other related trauma disorders. This manual reviews the theoretical foundations, protocol, and key therapeutic processes of 3MDR, emphasizing its applicability across clinical and research settings. Developed to overcome barriers to traditional trauma-focused psychotherapies, 3MDR combines immersive virtual reality (VR), motion-assisted engagement, and personalized trauma cues to facilitate memory processing and emotional reconsolidation. The 3MDR integrates VR technology, treadmill-assisted movement, and dual-attention tasks to create a dynamic and interactive therapeutic environment. The intervention consists of 3 phases: pre-platform preparation, platform exposure, and post-platform reconsolidation, allowing for structured and progressive trauma processing. Patients engage with self-selected trauma-related images and music, guided by a therapist, to confront distressing memories, reduce avoidance, and foster emotional regulation. The dual-attention task and affect labeling enhance cognitive and emotional integration, while walking promotes a sense of agency and movement through trauma. Clinical research demonstrates 3MDR's efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety, with high acceptability and low dropout rates among military personnel, veterans, and first responders. Emerging evidence suggests its adaptability for diverse populations, including civilians and individuals with complex trauma histories. This manual provides detailed guidance for implementing 3MDR, underscoring the importance of therapist training, ethical considerations, and continued research to optimize its application and expand access to this promising intervention. This manual should be seen as a companion and not a replacement for training.

Background: This study explores the role of linguistic labels expressed by patients during Motion-assisted Multi-modal Memory Desensitisation and Reconsolidation (3MDR) therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Labels represent a patient's key emotional, cognitive, and physical reactions to images associated with traumatic experiences. By analyzing labels, the goal is to provide insights into their progress throughout the therapeutic process. Methods: Data were collected from 6 patients who underwent 3MDR therapy across 6 sessions. A total of 1060 labels associated with trauma-related images were analyzed, with 91.3% of the data included after excluding irrelevant or ambiguous responses. Patient-generated labels were categorized and analyzed based on emotional tone, somatosensory processes, verb tense, and word count. The Friedman test was used to perform the statistical analysis. In case of significance, further comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The linguistic analysis revealed observable trends in patient progress. Use of present verb tense increased, indicating a shift towards present-moment awareness. Sentence word count also steadily increased, reflecting patients' improved ability to articulate their emotions. Results of positive and negative emotional tone, past and future verb tense usage, somatosensory processes, and single words were not significant, suggesting that further exploration of these aspects with a larger dataset could give further insights into their importance. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that linguistic analysis of patient-generated labels during 3MDR therapy can offer valuable insights into patient progress. The findings suggest that as therapy progresses, patients become more expressive and articulate, and are able to live more in the present. Further research with larger datasets is recommended to better understand the role of language in PTSD therapy and its potential for predicting therapeutic outcomes.