Psychological bulletin最新文献

Disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) are common in childhood and adolescence, with global estimates of 5.7%. While parenting practices are associated with DBDs, it is not clear whether these associations reflect causal effects or confounding. To strengthen causal inference, we meta-analyzed quasi-experimental evidence on the relationship between parenting practices and DBD symptoms. We conducted multilevel random-effects meta-analyses to pool results and assess evidence of heterogeneity and moderator analyses to further investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. We identified 45 studies that used data from 28 distinct cohorts (n = 38,591) and implemented seven different quasi-experimental methods. There was evidence of a causal effect of negative parenting practices on offspring DBD symptoms (Pearson's r = 0.13; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.09, 0.16]; 95% prediction interval, PI [-0.08, 0.35]; n = 30,677), but no effect of positive parenting practices (r = -0.06; 95% CI [-0.14, 0.02]; 95% PI [-0.39, 0.28]; n = 21,100). Moderator analyses indicated that the effect of negative parenting was consistent across offspring characteristics and maternal and paternal parenting but varied by type of quasi-experimental method, informant for the exposure and outcome, and study quality. The present study thus provides evidence of a small, harmful, causal effect of negative parenting practices on offspring DBDs. Effectively targeting such parenting practices could reduce the substantial societal burden of DBDs, with a potential 4% decrease in the global prevalence of DBD symptoms. This is equivalent to approximately 4.5 million school-aged children no longer meeting clinical thresholds for DBDs, which may reduce pressure on the criminal justice, health care, and social welfare sectors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Bipolar disorder (BD) has long been associated with changes in emotional reactivity, yet the consistency of this finding remains unclear. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis examining emotional reactivity in BD, comparing individuals diagnosed with, or at high risk for, BD to nonpsychiatric controls or low-risk individuals. The analysis included 112 effect sizes from 35 laboratory studies (1,239 BD/high-risk participants; 1,365 controls), spanning self-reported, behavioral, and psychophysiological measures. Overall, we found no significant difference in emotional reactivity between the BD and non-BD groups (Hedges's g = -0.003, 95% CI [-0.089, 0.083]), but effects were heterogeneous. Moderation analyses of the BD-control contrast found no effects of response channel, valence of emotion induction, BD versus high-risk sample, publication type and year, or study quality indicators. Nonetheless, the type of emotional stimulus and baseline measure mattered; individuals with BD showed less reactivity when responding to standardized emotional images (International Affective Picture System) and to neutral comparison stimuli as opposed to a preinduction baseline measure (note that all studies with International Affective Picture System pictures used neutral comparisons). Additionally, BD participants reported greater decreases in negative emotion in response to positive stimuli compared to controls. We discuss how these findings relate to broader models of emotion in BD, and we note limitations, including the use of laboratory-based stimuli and the predominance of euthymic participants. Our results call for greater attention to the context and methods used when assessing emotion in BD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Sense of agency refers to the feeling of controlling one's own actions, and, through them, events in the outside world. Contrasting cognitive theories emphasize either the importance of motor predictions or of retrospective inference in this ubiquitous experience. Temporal binding refers to the subjective compression of the time interval between voluntary actions and their outcomes and offers a reliable, quantitative measure of sense of agency. A rotating clock hand has been used to allow participants to indicate the perceived time of actions or outcomes. The perceived time of an action is shifted later if the action produces an outcome, compared to a baseline condition without an outcome (action binding). The perceived time of the outcome event is shifted earlier if it is caused by an action, compared to a baseline condition where the outcome occurs with no action (outcome binding). We report a meta-analysis of 75 published studies of action binding and outcome binding. Action binding showed a modest effect size that was increased for more volitional actions compared to less volitional control conditions. Outcome binding showed a large effect size that again depended on volition but also depended on other moderating factors such as outcome sensory modality, outcome valence, and action-outcome delay. A separate activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 48 neuroimaging studies that used a range of different measures of agency, but not temporal binding, could identify neural networks corresponding to these moderating factors. The cerebellum, presupplementary motor area, and premotor cortex formed a volition-sensitive motor network, potentially mediating both action binding and outcome binding. Wider networks associated with effects of valence (caudate and putamen) and temporal delay integration nodes (temporoparietal junction) could be linked to strength of outcome binding only. These findings provide a novel neurocognitive framework explaining how dissociable components of temporal binding reflect both motor-specific and nonmotoric cognitive processes. These processes together produce the coherent experience of agency that accompanies a vast range of human actions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

An increasing number of meta-analyses examining chronic and acute effects of physical activity on cognition-varying in aims, eligibility criteria, and statistical methods to reduce risk of bias-have contributed to inconsistent conclusions. To make evidence-based statements about the effects of physical activity on cognition that can reliably inform policy development in physical activity advocacy documents, we need a transparent open science approach and a balanced trade-off between risk of over- and underestimation of effects. Our reply to Román-Caballero's commentary on our meta-analysis (Mavilidi et al., 2025) addresses the need to balance conflicting interpretations of meta-analytical strategies, results, and conclusions. Rather than debating which methodological strategies for evidence synthesis are generally most appropriate, we focus on identifying those best suited to examine the still overlooked role of context in advancing our understanding of the effects of physical activity on cognition. Thus, we justify our methodological choices in a way that, considering the complex and multifaceted nature of the relation between physical activity and cognition, should avoid the risk of discarding meaningful cognitive benefits while attempting to correct for risk of bias (i.e., prevent "throwing out the baby with the bathwater"). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Recent reviews and meta-analyses suggest the cognitive benefits of physical exercise observed in primary studies may be inflated due to multiple sources of bias, including selection bias, placebo effects, regression to the mean, and publication bias. When these biases are accounted for, the evidence for the purported enhancements has been shown to be inconclusive. The recent meta-analysis by Mavilidi et al. (2025) makes a relevant contribution by pointing out the potential role of moderating variables and therefore the possibility that, under certain conditions, the effect may be more substantive. Yet, a critical evaluation of Mavilidi et al.'s methods reveals several issues in the statistical analyses and interpretation of publication bias analyses. These appear to have led Mavilidi et al. to conclude the presence of an overall cognitive benefit of physical activities. The present commentary provides a reanalysis of the data, applying appropriate methodological corrections. After an adequate analytical strategy, the final effect was reduced and yielded inconclusive evidence of an overall cognitive benefit. Particularly, publication bias methods highlight that the overall effect of chronic physical activity on cognition is likely smaller and therefore inconclusive. Yet, as in the original meta-analysis, the cognitive benefits were significantly larger for chronic interventions with an evidence-based delivery, programs with a clear cognitive component, or high cognitive demands compared to other physical exercise interventions. These results support the possibility that motor-cognitive training/sports games and holistic movement practices/martial arts may be effective activities to improve cognitive functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).