Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1037/bul0000427
Angela L Zhang, Sicong Liu, Benjamin X White, Xi C Liu, Marta Durantini, Man-Pui Sally Chan, Wenhao Dai, Yubo Zhou, Melody Leung, Qijia Ye, Devlin O'Keefe, Lidia Palmese, Dolores Albarracín
Although health-promotion interventions that recommend changes across multiple behavioral domains are a newer alternative to single-behavior interventions, their general efficacy and their mechanisms of change have not been fully ascertained. This comprehensive meta-analysis (6,878 effect sizes from 803 independent samples from 364 research reports, N = 186,729 participants) examined the association between the number of behavioral recommendations in multiple-behavior interventions and behavioral and clinical change across eight domains (i.e., diet, smoking, exercise, HIV [Human Immunodeficiency Virus] prevention, HIV testing, HIV treatment, alcohol use, and substance use). Results showed a positive, linear effect of the number of behavioral recommendations associated with behavioral and clinical change across all domains, although approximately 87% of the samples included between 0 and 4 behavioral recommendations. This linear relation was mediated by improvements in the psychological well-being of intervention recipients and, in several domains (i.e., HIV, alcohol use, and drug use), suggested behavioral cuing. However, changes in information, motivation, and behavioral skills did not mediate the impact of the number of recommendations on behavioral and clinical change. The implications of these findings for theory and future intervention design are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Health-promotion interventions targeting multiple behaviors: A meta-analytic review of general and behavior-specific processes of change.","authors":"Angela L Zhang, Sicong Liu, Benjamin X White, Xi C Liu, Marta Durantini, Man-Pui Sally Chan, Wenhao Dai, Yubo Zhou, Melody Leung, Qijia Ye, Devlin O'Keefe, Lidia Palmese, Dolores Albarracín","doi":"10.1037/bul0000427","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although health-promotion interventions that recommend changes across multiple behavioral domains are a newer alternative to single-behavior interventions, their general efficacy and their mechanisms of change have not been fully ascertained. This comprehensive meta-analysis (6,878 effect sizes from 803 independent samples from 364 research reports, <i>N</i> = 186,729 participants) examined the association between the number of behavioral recommendations in multiple-behavior interventions and behavioral and clinical change across eight domains (i.e., diet, smoking, exercise, HIV [Human Immunodeficiency Virus] prevention, HIV testing, HIV treatment, alcohol use, and substance use). Results showed a positive, linear effect of the number of behavioral recommendations associated with behavioral and clinical change across all domains, although approximately 87% of the samples included between 0 and 4 behavioral recommendations. This linear relation was mediated by improvements in the psychological well-being of intervention recipients and, in several domains (i.e., HIV, alcohol use, and drug use), suggested behavioral cuing. However, changes in information, motivation, and behavioral skills did not mediate the impact of the number of recommendations on behavioral and clinical change. The implications of these findings for theory and future intervention design are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1037/bul0000438
Dharani Keyan, Nadine Garland, Jasmine Choi-Christou, Jenny Tran, Meaghan O'Donnell, Richard A Bryant
Although trauma-focused psychotherapy (T-F psychotherapy) is the treatment of choice for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), up to one half of patients do not respond to this treatment. Attempts to improve response to T-F psychotherapy have focused on augmenting fear extinction-based factors. Here, a systematic and meta-analytic review of predictors of T-F psychotherapy outcome was conducted with the goal of using an aggregate data-driven approach to elucidate baseline factors associated with treatment outcome. There were 114 studies that met inclusion criteria (N = 61, 970; Mage = 40.1 years; 40.1% female). There were 237 effect sizes across 24 meta-analytic categories. Poorer treatment response is associated with lower pretreatment levels of activation of fear-related brain regions, psychophysiological reactivity to fear provocation, trauma-related cognitions, anger, depression, high-risk alleles of genes linked to fear, lower levels of executive control, and social support. A range of other factors also predicted poorer responses including being male, non-Caucasian, older in age, early trauma occurrence, more trauma experience, history of combat trauma, as well as comorbid sleep, pain, poor quality life, and alcohol abuse difficulties. This review provides one potential explanation for the limited success of T-F psychotherapy augmentation strategies that have focused only on fear circuity mechanisms at the exclusion of other factors. Here, poor response relating to predictors of early trauma onset and comorbidity are consistent with clinical presentations of complex PTSD, which may suggest T-F psychotherapy is less effective for this condition. This collective evidence suggests that clinicians should consider a tailored approach that targets potential barriers to successful treatment response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors of response to trauma-focused psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Dharani Keyan, Nadine Garland, Jasmine Choi-Christou, Jenny Tran, Meaghan O'Donnell, Richard A Bryant","doi":"10.1037/bul0000438","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although trauma-focused psychotherapy (T-F psychotherapy) is the treatment of choice for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), up to one half of patients do not respond to this treatment. Attempts to improve response to T-F psychotherapy have focused on augmenting fear extinction-based factors. Here, a systematic and meta-analytic review of predictors of T-F psychotherapy outcome was conducted with the goal of using an aggregate data-driven approach to elucidate baseline factors associated with treatment outcome. There were 114 studies that met inclusion criteria (<i>N</i> = 61, 970; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 40.1 years; 40.1% female). There were 237 effect sizes across 24 meta-analytic categories. Poorer treatment response is associated with lower pretreatment levels of activation of fear-related brain regions, psychophysiological reactivity to fear provocation, trauma-related cognitions, anger, depression, high-risk alleles of genes linked to fear, lower levels of executive control, and social support. A range of other factors also predicted poorer responses including being male, non-Caucasian, older in age, early trauma occurrence, more trauma experience, history of combat trauma, as well as comorbid sleep, pain, poor quality life, and alcohol abuse difficulties. This review provides one potential explanation for the limited success of T-F psychotherapy augmentation strategies that have focused only on fear circuity mechanisms at the exclusion of other factors. Here, poor response relating to predictors of early trauma onset and comorbidity are consistent with clinical presentations of complex PTSD, which may suggest T-F psychotherapy is less effective for this condition. This collective evidence suggests that clinicians should consider a tailored approach that targets potential barriers to successful treatment response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1037/bul0000440
Morgan J Thompson, Cory R Platts, Patrick T Davies
Boundary dissolution has broadly been defined as the breakdown of boundaries and loss of psychological distinctiveness in the parent-child subsystem. Qualitative reviews have highlighted the developmental and clinical value of examining boundary dissolution as a multidimensional construct. Though prior work suggests patterns share minimal variance, research has yet to quantitatively synthesize the weighted effect of distinct patterns. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to aggregate empirical research on associations between boundary dissolution patterns and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Four patterns of boundary dissolution were identified across developmental, clinical, and family systems literatures: (a) enmeshment-entanglement and blurring of the intergenerational parent-child boundary through psychologically controlling and intrusive behaviors, (b) disorganization-chaotic parent-child boundary (e.g., inexplicable, contradictory behaviors, and responses) reflecting no coherent pattern of relating, (c) caregiving-child functions as a caregiver providing parents with instrumental and emotional support and guidance, and (d) coerciveness-child operates as a disciplinarian or authoritarian to intimidate and control parents. The meta-analysis reviewed 478 studies. Although each boundary dissolution pattern was associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, weighted effects across patterns significantly varied in magnitude. Regarding externalizing symptoms, the weighted effect of enmeshment was stronger relative to the weighted effect of caregiving. Turning to internalizing symptoms, the weighted effect of enmeshment was stronger than the weighted effect of caregiving and coerciveness. Additionally, the weighted effect of disorganization was stronger than the weighted effect of caregiving. The robustness of weighted effects depended on child, contextual, and methodological characteristics as well as time lag. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Parent-child boundary dissolution and children's psychological difficulties: A meta-analytic review.","authors":"Morgan J Thompson, Cory R Platts, Patrick T Davies","doi":"10.1037/bul0000440","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boundary dissolution has broadly been defined as the breakdown of boundaries and loss of psychological distinctiveness in the parent-child subsystem. Qualitative reviews have highlighted the developmental and clinical value of examining boundary dissolution as a multidimensional construct. Though prior work suggests patterns share minimal variance, research has yet to quantitatively synthesize the weighted effect of distinct patterns. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to aggregate empirical research on associations between boundary dissolution patterns and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Four patterns of boundary dissolution were identified across developmental, clinical, and family systems literatures: (a) enmeshment-entanglement and blurring of the intergenerational parent-child boundary through psychologically controlling and intrusive behaviors, (b) disorganization-chaotic parent-child boundary (e.g., inexplicable, contradictory behaviors, and responses) reflecting no coherent pattern of relating, (c) caregiving-child functions as a caregiver providing parents with instrumental and emotional support and guidance, and (d) coerciveness-child operates as a disciplinarian or authoritarian to intimidate and control parents. The meta-analysis reviewed 478 studies. Although each boundary dissolution pattern was associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, weighted effects across patterns significantly varied in magnitude. Regarding externalizing symptoms, the weighted effect of enmeshment was stronger relative to the weighted effect of caregiving. Turning to internalizing symptoms, the weighted effect of enmeshment was stronger than the weighted effect of caregiving and coerciveness. Additionally, the weighted effect of disorganization was stronger than the weighted effect of caregiving. The robustness of weighted effects depended on child, contextual, and methodological characteristics as well as time lag. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Health-Promotion Interventions Targeting Multiple Behaviors: A Meta-Analytic Review of General and Behavior-Specific Processes of Change","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/bul0000427.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000427.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis of 30 Years of Stress Generation Research: Clinical, Psychological, and Sociodemographic Risk and Protective Factors for Prospective Negative Life Events","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/bul0000431.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000431.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Predictors of Response to Trauma-Focused Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/bul0000438.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000438.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Parent–Child Boundary Dissolution and Children’s Psychological Difficulties: A Meta-Analytic Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/bul0000440.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000440.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":22.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1037/bul0000430
Joanne Hinds, Adam N Joinson
In recent years, our increasing use of technology has resulted in the production of vast amounts of data. Consequently, many researchers have analyzed digital data in attempt to understand its relationship with individuals' personalities. Such endeavors have inspired efforts from divergent fields, resulting in widely dispersed findings that are seldom synthesized. In this two-part study, we draw from two distinct areas of personality prediction across psychology and computer science to explore the convergent validity of self-reports with human perception and machine learning algorithms, the identifiability of the Big Five traits, and the predictability of different types of data. In Study 1, five meta-analyses of human perception studies integrating findings from 24,124 individuals rated across 30 independent samples demonstrated moderate convergent validity across all traits (ranging from ρ = 0.38 for Neuroticism, to ρ = 0.57 for Openness). In Study 2, a multilevel meta-analysis of computer prediction studies reporting 534 effect sizes across 42 studies also demonstrated moderate convergent validity (ρ = 0.30). Multivariate analyses of the significant moderators highlighted that X, Facebook, Sina Weibo, videos, and smartphones had a negative impact on the variance identified. Finally, in synthesizing the extant literature, we discuss the measures used to assess personality and the analytical approaches adopted. We identify the strengths and limitations across each field and explain how interdisciplinary methodologies could advance the testing and development of psychological theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Digital data and personality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human perception and computer prediction.","authors":"Joanne Hinds, Adam N Joinson","doi":"10.1037/bul0000430","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, our increasing use of technology has resulted in the production of vast amounts of data. Consequently, many researchers have analyzed digital data in attempt to understand its relationship with individuals' personalities. Such endeavors have inspired efforts from divergent fields, resulting in widely dispersed findings that are seldom synthesized. In this two-part study, we draw from two distinct areas of personality prediction across psychology and computer science to explore the convergent validity of self-reports with human perception and machine learning algorithms, the identifiability of the Big Five traits, and the predictability of different types of data. In Study 1, five meta-analyses of human perception studies integrating findings from 24,124 individuals rated across 30 independent samples demonstrated moderate convergent validity across all traits (ranging from ρ = 0.38 for Neuroticism, to ρ = 0.57 for Openness). In Study 2, a multilevel meta-analysis of computer prediction studies reporting 534 effect sizes across 42 studies also demonstrated moderate convergent validity (ρ = 0.30). Multivariate analyses of the significant moderators highlighted that X, Facebook, Sina Weibo, videos, and smartphones had a negative impact on the variance identified. Finally, in synthesizing the extant literature, we discuss the measures used to assess personality and the analytical approaches adopted. We identify the strengths and limitations across each field and explain how interdisciplinary methodologies could advance the testing and development of psychological theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This meta-analytic review investigated the development of narcissism across the life span, by synthesizing the available longitudinal data on mean-level change and rank-order stability. Three factors of narcissism were examined: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism. Analyses were based on data from 51 samples, including 37,247 participants. As effect size measures, we used the standardized mean change d per year and test-retest correlations that were corrected for attenuation due to measurement error. The results suggested that narcissism typically decreases from age 8 to 77 years (i.e., the observed age range), with aggregated changes of d = -0.28 for agentic narcissism, d = -0.41 for antagonistic narcissism, and d = -0.55 for neurotic narcissism. Rank-order stability of narcissism was high, with average values of .73 (agentic), .68 (antagonistic), and .60 (neurotic), based on an average time lag of 11.42 years. Rank-order stability did not vary as a function of age. However, rank-order stability declined as a function of time lag, asymptotically approaching values of .62 (agentic), .52 (antagonistic), and .33 (neurotic) across long time lags. Moderator analyses indicated that the findings on mean-level change and rank-order stability held across gender and birth cohort. The meta-analytic data set included mostly Western and White/European samples, pointing to the need of conducting more research with non-Western and ethnically diverse samples. In sum, the findings suggest that agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism show normative declines across the life span and that individual differences in these factors are moderately (neurotic) to highly (agentic, antagonistic) stable over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
本荟萃分析综述通过综合有关平均水平变化和等级顺序稳定性的现有纵向数据,研究了自恋在整个生命周期中的发展。研究了自恋的三个因素:代理型自恋、对抗型自恋和神经质自恋。分析基于 51 个样本的数据,包括 37 247 名参与者。作为效果大小的衡量标准,我们使用了标准化的每年平均变化 d 和测试-再测试相关性,并对测量误差造成的衰减进行了校正。结果表明,自恋通常会在 8 岁到 77 岁(即观察到的年龄范围)之间下降,代理型自恋的总变化 d = -0.28,对抗型自恋的总变化 d = -0.41,神经型自恋的总变化 d = -0.55。根据 11.42 年的平均时滞,自恋的等级稳定性很高,平均值为 0.73(代理型)、0.68(对抗型)和 0.60(神经型)。等级顺序稳定性与年龄无关。然而,秩序稳定性随时间滞后而下降,在长时间滞后的情况下,秩序稳定性逐渐接近 0.62(积极型)、0.52(对抗型)和 0.33(神经型)的值。调节分析表明,关于平均水平变化和秩序稳定性的研究结果在不同性别和出生组群中都成立。元分析数据集主要包括西方和白/欧洲样本,这表明需要对非西方和不同种族的样本进行更多的研究。总之,研究结果表明,代理人自恋、对抗性自恋和神经质自恋在整个生命周期中呈现出正常的下降趋势,这些因素的个体差异随着时间的推移呈现出中度(神经质)到高度(代理人自恋、对抗性自恋)的稳定性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Development of narcissism across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.","authors":"Ulrich Orth, Samantha Krauss, Mitja D Back","doi":"10.1037/bul0000436","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This meta-analytic review investigated the development of narcissism across the life span, by synthesizing the available longitudinal data on mean-level change and rank-order stability. Three factors of narcissism were examined: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism. Analyses were based on data from 51 samples, including 37,247 participants. As effect size measures, we used the standardized mean change d per year and test-retest correlations that were corrected for attenuation due to measurement error. The results suggested that narcissism typically decreases from age 8 to 77 years (i.e., the observed age range), with aggregated changes of d = -0.28 for agentic narcissism, d = -0.41 for antagonistic narcissism, and d = -0.55 for neurotic narcissism. Rank-order stability of narcissism was high, with average values of .73 (agentic), .68 (antagonistic), and .60 (neurotic), based on an average time lag of 11.42 years. Rank-order stability did not vary as a function of age. However, rank-order stability declined as a function of time lag, asymptotically approaching values of .62 (agentic), .52 (antagonistic), and .33 (neurotic) across long time lags. Moderator analyses indicated that the findings on mean-level change and rank-order stability held across gender and birth cohort. The meta-analytic data set included mostly Western and White/European samples, pointing to the need of conducting more research with non-Western and ethnically diverse samples. In sum, the findings suggest that agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism show normative declines across the life span and that individual differences in these factors are moderately (neurotic) to highly (agentic, antagonistic) stable over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rose Ferguson, Leah Kaufmann, Aimee Brown, Xochitl de la Piedad Garcia
Experimental research on sequential moral behavior (SMB) has found that engaging in an initial moral (or immoral) behavior can sometimes lead to moral balancing (i.e., switching between positive and negative behavior) and sometimes to moral consistency (i.e., maintaining a consistent pattern of positive or negative behavior). In two meta-analyses, we present the first comprehensive syntheses of SMB studies and test moderators to identify the conditions under which moral balancing and moral consistency are most likely to occur. Meta-Analysis 1 (k = 217 effect sizes, N = 31,242) revealed that engaging in an initial positive behavior only reliably resulted in moral licensing (i.e., balancing) in studies that measured engagement in negative target behaviors (Hedges' g = 0.25, 95% CI [0.16, 0.44]) and only resulted in positive consistency in foot-in-the-door studies using prosocial requests (Hedges' g = -0.44, 95% CI [-0.59, -0.29]). Meta-Analysis 2 (k = 132 effect sizes, N = 14,443) revealed that engaging in an initial negative behavior only reliably resulted in moral compensation (i.e., balancing) in studies that measured engagement in positive target behaviors (Hedges' g = 0.27, 95% CI [0.18, 0.37]). We found no evidence for reliable negative consistency effects in any conditions. These results cannot be readily explained by current theories of SMB effects, and so further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms that drive moral balancing and consistency under the conditions observed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
有关连续道德行为(SMB)的实验研究发现,参与最初的道德(或不道德)行为有时会导致道德平衡(即在积极和消极行为之间转换),有时会导致道德一致性(即保持积极或消极行为的一贯模式)。在两项荟萃分析中,我们首次对SMB研究进行了全面综合,并测试了调节因子,以确定在何种条件下最有可能出现道德平衡和道德一致性。元分析 1(k = 217 个效应大小,N = 31,242 个)显示,在测量参与消极目标行为的研究中,参与最初的积极行为只会可靠地导致道德许可(即平衡)(Hedges' g = 0.25,95% CI [0.16,0.44]),而在使用亲社会请求的门脚研究中,参与最初的积极行为只会导致积极一致性(Hedges' g = -0.44,95% CI [-0.59,-0.29])。元分析 2(k = 132 个效应大小,N = 14443)显示,只有在测量参与积极目标行为的研究中,参与最初的消极行为才会可靠地导致道德补偿(即平衡)(Hedges' g = 0.27,95% CI [0.18,0.37])。在任何条件下,我们都没有发现可靠的负面一致性效应的证据。这些结果无法用当前的 SMB 效应理论轻易解释,因此需要进一步研究,以更好地了解在观察到的条件下驱动道德平衡和一致性的机制。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Influences of past moral behavior on future behavior: A review of sequential moral behavior studies using meta-analytic techniques.","authors":"Rose Ferguson, Leah Kaufmann, Aimee Brown, Xochitl de la Piedad Garcia","doi":"10.1037/bul0000441","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bul0000441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental research on sequential moral behavior (SMB) has found that engaging in an initial moral (or immoral) behavior can sometimes lead to moral balancing (i.e., switching between positive and negative behavior) and sometimes to moral consistency (i.e., maintaining a consistent pattern of positive or negative behavior). In two meta-analyses, we present the first comprehensive syntheses of SMB studies and test moderators to identify the conditions under which moral balancing and moral consistency are most likely to occur. Meta-Analysis 1 (k = 217 effect sizes, N = 31,242) revealed that engaging in an initial positive behavior only reliably resulted in moral licensing (i.e., balancing) in studies that measured engagement in negative target behaviors (Hedges' g = 0.25, 95% CI [0.16, 0.44]) and only resulted in positive consistency in foot-in-the-door studies using prosocial requests (Hedges' g = -0.44, 95% CI [-0.59, -0.29]). Meta-Analysis 2 (k = 132 effect sizes, N = 14,443) revealed that engaging in an initial negative behavior only reliably resulted in moral compensation (i.e., balancing) in studies that measured engagement in positive target behaviors (Hedges' g = 0.27, 95% CI [0.18, 0.37]). We found no evidence for reliable negative consistency effects in any conditions. These results cannot be readily explained by current theories of SMB effects, and so further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms that drive moral balancing and consistency under the conditions observed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20854,"journal":{"name":"Psychological bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}