Previous research has shown that narcissism is associated with risk-taking. However, little is known about the factors that may contribute to narcissistic individuals being more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviour. The present research examined whether social worldviews would mediate the associations that specific narcissistic personality features had with risk-taking across life domains in a sample of Iranian community members (N = 489). Our results revealed that the extraverted, antagonistic, and neurotic aspects of narcissism had positive indirect associations with risk-taking in certain life domains through the competitive social worldview. These results suggest that the tendency to view the social environment as intensely competitive may play an important role in the associations that narcissistic personality features have with risk-taking in certain life domains.
{"title":"Narcissism and Risk-Taking","authors":"A. Beigi, Virgil Zeigler‐Hill","doi":"10.31820/pt.30.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.30.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that narcissism is associated with risk-taking. However, little is known about the factors that may contribute to narcissistic individuals being more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviour. The present research examined whether social worldviews would mediate the associations that specific narcissistic personality features had with risk-taking across life domains in a sample of Iranian community members (N = 489). Our results revealed that\u0000the extraverted, antagonistic, and neurotic aspects of narcissism had positive indirect associations with risk-taking in certain life domains through the competitive social worldview. These results suggest that the\u0000tendency to view the social environment as intensely competitive may play an important role in the associations that narcissistic personality\u0000features have with risk-taking in certain life domains.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75747380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gordan Keresteš, Una Mikac, Claire Sangster Jokić, Jasmina Tomas
Osjetljivost na okolinu osobina je koja se odnosi na lakoću zamjećivanja informacija o okolini i dubinu njihove obrade. Individualne su razlike u osjetljivosti na okolinu znatne, a stupanj te osjetljivosti određuje pojedinčeve reakcije na pozitivne i negativne čimbenike kojima je izložen. Uloga osjetljivosti na okolinu u razvoju i prilagodbi djece i adolescenata nedovoljno je istražena, velikim dijelom zbog toga što je tek nedavno razvijena prva izravna mjera dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu. Cilj je ovoga rada ispitati psihometrijske karakteristike te mjere, nazvane Ljestvica dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu (Pluess i sur., 2018). U okviru projekta Kako smo? Život u Hrvatskoj u doba korone djeca osnovnoškolske (N = 407) i srednjoškolske (N = 307) dobi ispunila su Ljestvicu dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu i upitnik ličnosti IPIP-15 online-putem. Ljestvica dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu kao instrument za samoprocjenu osjetljivosti na okolinu pokazala je zadovoljavajuće razine pouzdanosti i valjanosti kod hrvatske djece i adolescenata. Ljestvica ima bifaktorsku strukturu te mjeri opću osjetljivost na okolinu i tri specifične dimenzije: estetsku osjetljivost, nizak osjetni prag i pobudljivost. Utvrđena je djelomična mjerna invarijatnost Ljestvice za djecu različitoga roda i dobi. Korelacije pojedinih dimenzija i opće osjetljivosti na okolinu s osobinama ličnosti umjerene su i teorijski smislene. Ljestvicu je preporučljivo koristiti u budućim istraživanjima, iako su za pojedine podljestvice potrebna daljnja istraživanja. Primjena Ljestvice može doprinijeti povećanju znanja o učincima pozitivnih i negativnih čimbenika iz okoline na razvoj djece i adolescenata.
{"title":"Psihometrijske karakteristike Ljestvice dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu u uzorcima hrvatske djece i adolescenata","authors":"Gordan Keresteš, Una Mikac, Claire Sangster Jokić, Jasmina Tomas","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Osjetljivost na okolinu osobina je koja se odnosi na lakoću zamjećivanja informacija o okolini i dubinu njihove obrade. Individualne su razlike u osjetljivosti na okolinu znatne, a stupanj te osjetljivosti određuje pojedinčeve reakcije na pozitivne i negativne čimbenike kojima je izložen. Uloga osjetljivosti na okolinu u razvoju i prilagodbi djece i adolescenata nedovoljno je istražena, velikim dijelom zbog toga što je tek nedavno razvijena prva izravna mjera dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu. Cilj je ovoga rada ispitati psihometrijske karakteristike te mjere, nazvane Ljestvica dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu (Pluess i sur., 2018). U okviru projekta Kako smo? Život u Hrvatskoj u doba korone djeca osnovnoškolske (N = 407) i srednjoškolske (N = 307) dobi ispunila su Ljestvicu dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu i upitnik ličnosti IPIP-15 online-putem. Ljestvica dječje osjetljivosti na okolinu kao instrument za samoprocjenu osjetljivosti na okolinu pokazala je zadovoljavajuće razine pouzdanosti i valjanosti kod hrvatske djece i adolescenata. Ljestvica ima bifaktorsku strukturu te mjeri opću osjetljivost na okolinu i tri specifične dimenzije: estetsku osjetljivost, nizak osjetni prag i pobudljivost. Utvrđena je djelomična mjerna invarijatnost Ljestvice za djecu različitoga roda i dobi. Korelacije pojedinih dimenzija i opće osjetljivosti na okolinu s osobinama ličnosti umjerene su i teorijski smislene. Ljestvicu je preporučljivo koristiti u budućim istraživanjima, iako su za pojedine podljestvice potrebna daljnja istraživanja. Primjena Ljestvice može doprinijeti povećanju znanja o učincima pozitivnih i negativnih čimbenika iz okoline na razvoj djece i adolescenata.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79492279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jedno je od središnjih pitanja kognitivne znanosti kako su pojmovi reprezentirani u ljudskome umu. Klasični je odgovor na to pitanje pretpostavka o odvojenome semantičkome modulu u kojemu je znanje pohranjeno putem apstraktnih simboličkih reprezentacija. Tako opisan semantički modul odvojen je od drugih sustava kao što su moduli za percepciju i motoriku. U posljednjih dvadesetak godina intenzivno se istražuje i razvija alternativni pristup poznat pod nazivom utjelovljena ili utemeljena spoznaja koji polazi od pretpostavke da je pojmovno znanje u stalnoj interakciji s percepcijom i motorikom, odnosno da je ukorijenjeno u njima putem mehanizma perceptivne simulacije. Cilj je ovoga rada dati pregled različitih teorijskih perspektiva na utjelovljenu spoznaju i evaluirati ih. Detaljno su prikazane teorija sustava perceptivnih simbola, model prožetoga iskustvenika i indeksna hipoteza te empirijski nalazi koji im idu ili ne idu u prilog. Zatim su prikazane i kritike utjelovljene spoznaje koje se odnose na razumijevanje apstraktnih pojmova, kao i odgovori na te kritike. Razmotrena je i ideja o stupnjevima ili kontinuumu utjelovljenja. Nakraju su dane smjernice za daljnja istraživanja koja bi trebala rasvijetliti točnu ulogu utjelovljenja u reprezentaciji znanja.
{"title":"Uloga utjelovljenja u razumijevanju pojmova","authors":"Mia Šetić Beg","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Jedno je od središnjih pitanja kognitivne znanosti kako su pojmovi reprezentirani u ljudskome umu. Klasični je odgovor na to pitanje pretpostavka o odvojenome semantičkome modulu u kojemu je znanje pohranjeno putem apstraktnih simboličkih reprezentacija. Tako opisan semantički modul odvojen je od drugih sustava kao što su moduli za percepciju i motoriku. U posljednjih dvadesetak godina intenzivno se istražuje i razvija alternativni pristup poznat pod nazivom utjelovljena ili utemeljena spoznaja koji polazi od pretpostavke da je pojmovno znanje u stalnoj interakciji s percepcijom i motorikom, odnosno da je ukorijenjeno u njima putem mehanizma perceptivne simulacije. Cilj je ovoga rada dati pregled različitih teorijskih perspektiva na utjelovljenu spoznaju i evaluirati ih. Detaljno su prikazane teorija sustava perceptivnih simbola, model prožetoga iskustvenika i indeksna hipoteza te empirijski nalazi koji im idu ili ne idu u prilog. Zatim su prikazane i kritike utjelovljene spoznaje koje se odnose na razumijevanje apstraktnih pojmova, kao i odgovori na te kritike. Razmotrena je i ideja o stupnjevima ili kontinuumu utjelovljenja. Nakraju su dane smjernice za daljnja istraživanja koja bi trebala rasvijetliti točnu ulogu utjelovljenja u reprezentaciji znanja.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"11 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80393539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to provide preliminary evidence for the role of uncertainty related emotions in categorical accentuation. Participants had to estimate the length of lines varying in length, which depending on the conditions were or were not associated with categorical labels. To explore the emotional determinants of categorical accentuation we included additional label condition, in which participants were induced to feel fear (i.e. the emotion theoretically defined by the appraisal of low certainty). Consistent with the past research the results revealed a classic accentuation effect with participants in label condition showing higher differentiation at category boundaries compared to those in no label condition. More importantly, this effect was strengthened in the condition in which participants were induced with fear suggesting that uncertainty-related emotions could play an important role in the accentuation phenomenon.
{"title":"Emotional Determinants of Categorical Accentuation","authors":"Saša Drače, Mia Čehajić","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to provide preliminary evidence for the role of uncertainty related emotions in categorical accentuation. Participants had to estimate the length of lines varying in length, which depending on the conditions were or were not associated with categorical labels. To explore the emotional determinants of categorical accentuation we included additional label condition, in which participants were induced to feel fear (i.e. the emotion theoretically defined by the appraisal of low certainty). Consistent with the past research the results revealed a classic accentuation effect with participants in label condition showing higher differentiation at category boundaries compared to those in no label condition. More importantly, this effect was strengthened in the condition in which participants were induced with fear suggesting that uncertainty-related emotions could play an important role in the accentuation phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90436025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ovaj rad uključuje pregled neuroznanstvenih istraživanja moralnosti, s naglaskom na moralno rasuđivanje i odlučivanje. Prvi dio rada donosi pregled teorijskih pristupa i konstrukata koji proizlaze iz tradicionalnih pristupa koji razmatraju primarnu ulogu kognitivnih procesa ili emocionalnih procesa u moralnome rasuđivanju. Drugi dio rada pruža uvid u neuroznanstvena istraživanja koja razmatraju i potvrđuju ulogu obaju procesa u moralnome rasuđivanju. Glavna su područja mozga uključena u moralno rasuđivanje prefrontalna moždana kora, cingularna kora, amigdala i inzula. Uz navedena se područja aktiviraju i područja sljepoočnoga i tjemenog režnja moždane kore koja se povezuju s teorijom uma. O njihovim se funkcionalnim doprinosima raspravlja, a mnogobrojna istraživanja ukazuju na to da se u podlozi moralnoga rasuđivanja i odlučivanja nalaze kognitivni, emocionalni i motivacijski mehanizmi.
{"title":"Neuroznanstveni temelji moralnosti","authors":"Nataša Šimić","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Ovaj rad uključuje pregled neuroznanstvenih istraživanja moralnosti, s naglaskom na moralno rasuđivanje i odlučivanje. Prvi dio rada donosi pregled teorijskih pristupa i konstrukata koji proizlaze iz tradicionalnih pristupa koji razmatraju primarnu ulogu kognitivnih procesa ili emocionalnih procesa u moralnome rasuđivanju. Drugi dio rada pruža uvid u neuroznanstvena istraživanja koja razmatraju i potvrđuju ulogu obaju procesa u moralnome rasuđivanju. Glavna su područja mozga uključena u moralno rasuđivanje prefrontalna moždana kora, cingularna kora, amigdala i inzula. Uz navedena se područja aktiviraju i područja sljepoočnoga i tjemenog režnja moždane kore koja se povezuju s teorijom uma. O njihovim se funkcionalnim doprinosima raspravlja, a mnogobrojna istraživanja ukazuju na to da se u podlozi moralnoga rasuđivanja i odlučivanja nalaze kognitivni, emocionalni i motivacijski mehanizmi.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72733943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sales occupation is one of the most frequent in the job market, and selection of successful sales people is typically among the highest priorities of their companies. Research aimed at explaining sales performance shows that traditional psychometric predictors are limited in achieving this goal. Common constructs that are typically related to work behaviour, such as abilities or personality traits, typically show non-significant or low relations with sales performance. Taking that into an account, we developed a new measure for assessing one’s propensity for selling, based on motivational constructs that underlie successful sales job. In the first study, we developed an initial set of items and assessed its content validity using a sample of sales professionals. In the second study, we assessed the scale’s dimensionality, divergent and predictive validity. A sample of 99 contact centre agents were asked to describe themselves using newly developed items and measures of personality and explicit motives. Besides psychometric measures, the data on agents’ objective sales performance was provided by their employer. First, a unidimensional, three-item solution was shown to be the most appropriate in the exploratory factor analysis of initially developed items. Second, an aggregated result of these three items, representing a total scale score, showed to be largely independent of personality and explicit motives measures. Third, propensity to selling, compared to personality and motives measures, showed to be the most important predictor in explaining the variance of objective sales performance. The scale was labelled Propensity to Selling Scale, and its theoretical and practical implications were further discussed.
{"title":"Propensity to Selling Scale","authors":"Alen Gojčeta, B. Banai, L. Lučić","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Sales occupation is one of the most frequent in the job market, and selection of successful sales people is typically among the highest priorities of their companies. Research aimed at explaining sales performance shows that traditional psychometric predictors are limited in achieving this goal. Common constructs that are typically related to work behaviour, such as abilities or personality traits, typically show non-significant or low relations with sales performance. Taking that into an account, we developed a new measure for assessing one’s propensity for selling, based on motivational constructs that underlie successful sales job. In the first study, we developed an initial set of items and assessed its content validity using a sample of sales professionals. In the second study, we assessed the scale’s dimensionality, divergent and predictive validity. A sample of 99 contact centre agents were asked to describe themselves using newly developed items and measures of personality and explicit motives. Besides psychometric measures, the data on agents’ objective sales performance was provided by their employer. First, a unidimensional, three-item solution was shown to be the most appropriate in the exploratory factor analysis of initially developed items. Second, an aggregated result of these three items, representing a total scale score, showed to be largely independent of personality and explicit motives measures. Third, propensity to selling, compared to personality and motives measures, showed to be the most important predictor in explaining the variance of objective sales performance. The scale was labelled Propensity to Selling Scale, and its theoretical and practical implications were further discussed.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82193567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Razumijevanje apstraktnih pojmova predstavlja važan izazov za teorijski okvir utemeljene kognicije. Jedna je mogućnost da se apstraktni pojmovi utemeljuju u afektivnim stanjima. U ovome smo radu ispitali hipotezu povezuje li se apstraktni matematički pojam parnosti broja (par – nepar) s pozitivnim i negativnim afektivnim tonom koji je indirektno naznačen predznakom plus i minus. U prvome su eksperimentu ispitanici odgovarali na pitanje je li prezentirani broj paran ili neparan. Kao podražaji prezentirani su cijeli brojevi u rasponu od -9 do 9 bez -5, 0 i 5. Rezultati su pokazali dvosmjernu interakciju između predznaka i parnosti jer su ispitanici bili efikasniji u obradi pozitivnih nego u obradi negativnih parnih brojeva. Također, bili su efikasniji u obradi negativnih nego u obradi pozitivnih neparnih brojeva. U drugome su eksperimentu ispitanici odgovarali na pitanje je li prezentirani broj numerički veći ili manji od 5, pri čemu su trebali ignorirati predznak. Prezentirani su isti podražaji kao i u prvome eksperimentu. Dobivena je složenija trosmjerna interakcija u kojoj su ispitanici bili efikasniji u obradi pozitivnih nego u obradi negativnih parnih brojeva, kao i u prvome eksperimentu, ali taj se efekt pojavio samo za brojeve veće od 5. Rezultati su interpretirani u okviru teorije o korespondenciji polariteta i teorije centralnoga afektivnog utemeljenja.
{"title":"Interakcija između predznaka i pariteta pri obradi jednoznamenkastih brojeva","authors":"Vanja Topić, Mia Šetić Beg, Dražen Domijan","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Razumijevanje apstraktnih pojmova predstavlja važan izazov za teorijski okvir utemeljene kognicije. Jedna je mogućnost da se apstraktni pojmovi utemeljuju u afektivnim stanjima. U ovome smo radu ispitali hipotezu povezuje li se apstraktni matematički pojam parnosti broja (par – nepar) s pozitivnim i negativnim afektivnim tonom koji je indirektno naznačen predznakom plus i minus. U prvome su eksperimentu ispitanici odgovarali na pitanje je li prezentirani broj paran ili neparan. Kao podražaji prezentirani su cijeli brojevi u rasponu od -9 do 9 bez -5, 0 i 5. Rezultati su pokazali dvosmjernu interakciju između predznaka i parnosti jer su ispitanici bili efikasniji u obradi pozitivnih nego u obradi negativnih parnih brojeva. Također, bili su efikasniji u obradi negativnih nego u obradi pozitivnih neparnih brojeva. U drugome su eksperimentu ispitanici odgovarali na pitanje je li prezentirani broj numerički veći ili manji od 5, pri čemu su trebali ignorirati predznak. Prezentirani su isti podražaji kao i u prvome eksperimentu. Dobivena je složenija trosmjerna interakcija u kojoj su ispitanici bili efikasniji u obradi pozitivnih nego u obradi negativnih parnih brojeva, kao i u prvome eksperimentu, ali taj se efekt pojavio samo za brojeve veće od 5. Rezultati su interpretirani u okviru teorije o korespondenciji polariteta i teorije centralnoga afektivnog utemeljenja.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81891639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to further investigate the perceived attractiveness of the Dark Triad (DT) personality in different types of relationships (i.e. friendship, short-term and long-term relationship) controlling for basic personality traits from the HEXACO model. The participants were 167 female students (M = 20.82 years, SD = 1.54) who rated personality and attractiveness of a man with highly expressed DT characteristics (n = 91) or a low-scoring DT character (n = 76) presented in a vignette. In line with recent findings, we observed a high negative correlation between the Honesty-Humility factor and DT personality (r = -.88, p < .001). As hypothesized, there was a significant difference in attractiveness ratings for the two characters in the context of different interpersonal relationships, with high DT character rated as significantly more attractive than the low DT character in the context of short-term mating. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that DT personality had a unique contribution in predicting attractiveness in the context of short-term relationship, after controlling for the basic personality traits.
{"title":"HEXACO and Dark Triad Personality Traits as Predictors of Male Attractiveness in Different Relationship Contexts","authors":"A. Butković, Katarina Vatavuk, Anja Wertag","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to further investigate the perceived attractiveness of the Dark Triad (DT) personality in different types of relationships (i.e. friendship, short-term and long-term relationship) controlling for basic personality traits from the HEXACO model. The participants were 167 female students (M = 20.82 years, SD = 1.54) who rated personality and attractiveness of a man with highly expressed DT characteristics (n = 91) or a low-scoring DT character (n = 76) presented in a vignette. In line with recent findings, we observed a high negative correlation between the Honesty-Humility factor and DT personality (r = -.88, p < .001). As hypothesized, there was a significant difference in attractiveness ratings for the two characters in the context of different interpersonal relationships, with high DT character rated as significantly more attractive than the low DT character in the context of short-term mating. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that DT personality had a unique contribution in predicting attractiveness in the context of short-term relationship, after controlling for the basic personality traits.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91209332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatised naming (RAN) and working memory (WM) are considered to be the most important factors supporting reading development. However, their relative importance varies across orthographies and age. The goal of this study was to examine reading predictors in Croatian, a language with highly transparent orthography, after three years of formal reading instruction. The study included 80 participants (mean age: 10.07 years). Reading rate and accuracy were measured using lists of words and pseudowords, and PA was measured using phoneme deletion, phoneme addition and spoonerism tasks. RAN was measured using naming of colours, and WM was measured using the WM standardised measure of digit span (WISC-IV-HR) and pseudoword repetition. In order to find the best predictors of reading rate and accuracy for both words and pseudowords, three-stage hierarchical multiple regression was conducted. The results showed that in highly transparent language when reading is automatised, RAN is the most significant predictor of both reading rate and accuracy. Although this study did not show dissociation between the predictors supporting reading speed and reading accuracy, it confirmed the importance of PA as a suppressor variable for RAN in predicting pseudowords reading time.
{"title":"Reading Predictors in Croatian","authors":"Maja Kelić, M. Z. Zeba, J. Kraljević","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatised naming (RAN) and working memory (WM) are considered to be the most important factors supporting reading development. However, their relative importance varies across orthographies and age. The goal of this study was to examine reading predictors in Croatian, a language with highly transparent orthography, after three years of formal reading instruction. The study included 80 participants (mean age: 10.07 years). Reading rate and accuracy were measured using lists of words and pseudowords, and PA was measured using phoneme deletion, phoneme addition and spoonerism tasks. RAN was measured using naming of colours, and WM was measured using the WM standardised measure of digit span (WISC-IV-HR) and pseudoword repetition. In order to find the best predictors of reading rate and accuracy for both words and pseudowords, three-stage hierarchical multiple regression was conducted. The results showed that in highly transparent language when reading is automatised, RAN is the most significant predictor of both reading rate and accuracy. Although this study did not show dissociation between the predictors supporting reading speed and reading accuracy, it confirmed the importance of PA as a suppressor variable for RAN in predicting pseudowords reading time.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84711468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current guidelines for improving the care of people with type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) suggest that doctors should also inform patients about the necessity of achieving health-related diabetes goals. A patient´s ability to successfully achieve health-related goals and treatment recommendations could improve their health and decrease the risk of diabetes-related complications. The present study aims to explore if the selected goal/recommendation characteristics (motivation, self-efficacy, effort, and challenge) support the progress in health-related goals and recommendations. A study was performed with 120 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from the Centre for Diabetes Treatment at the L. Pasteur University Hospital in Košice, Slovakia. The participants responded to questions about health goals, treatment recommendations and obstacles with items assessing motivation, effort, challenges, self-efficacy, and progress. The results showed that patients with diabetes were more likely to make successful progress when health-goals were autonomous and recommendations were autonomous or controlled motivated. There was a significant effect of patients’ effort and efficacy on progress in both goals and recommendations. With increasing years of diabetes, the recommendations and goals’ autonomous motivation significantly decreased while recommendation effort increased. Goals and recommendation challenge did not predict progress. The results suggest that interventions should focus on encouraging want-to motivation, self-efficacy and professionals evaluate patients’ effort.
{"title":"Progress in Health Goals and Treatment Recommendations of Diabetes Mellitus Patients","authors":"M. Hricova","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The current guidelines for improving the care of people with type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) suggest that doctors should also inform patients about the necessity of achieving health-related diabetes goals. A patient´s ability to successfully achieve health-related goals and treatment recommendations could improve their health and decrease the risk of diabetes-related complications. The present study aims to explore if the selected goal/recommendation characteristics (motivation, self-efficacy, effort, and challenge) support the progress in health-related goals and recommendations. A study was performed with 120 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from the Centre for Diabetes Treatment at the L. Pasteur University Hospital in Košice, Slovakia. The participants responded to questions about health goals, treatment recommendations and obstacles with items assessing motivation, effort, challenges, self-efficacy, and progress. The results showed that patients with diabetes were more likely to make successful progress when health-goals were autonomous and recommendations were autonomous or controlled motivated. There was a significant effect of patients’ effort and efficacy on progress in both goals and recommendations. With increasing years of diabetes, the recommendations and goals’ autonomous motivation significantly decreased while recommendation effort increased. Goals and recommendation challenge did not predict progress. The results suggest that interventions should focus on encouraging want-to motivation, self-efficacy and professionals evaluate patients’ effort.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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