The failure to engage in responsible behaviour is related to the inability to consider future consequences of actions. An experiment was conducted to examine whetherincreasing the vividness of the future self affects adherence and endorsement of COVID-19 safety measures. A total of 184 participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Depending on the experimental condition, they were tasked with writing a letter to other people (their friend), a proximal future self, and a distant future self. Participants in the distant future self and the other people conditions showed greater adherence intentions than proximal future self participants. No differences were found between the distant future self and the other people group. Further group differences were found in the endorsement of safety measures, with the distant-future self-group showing more condemnation than the other two groups. Commitment to the COVID-19 safety measures mediated the group differences on both dependent variables. The results are discussed within the framework of the Construal Level Theory and the Future Self-continuity model.
{"title":"Future Self-Continuity Increases Responsibility during Covid-19 Restrictions","authors":"Andrej Simić, Elvis Vardo, Šuajb Solaković","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The failure to engage in responsible behaviour is related to the inability to consider future consequences of actions. An experiment was conducted to examine whetherincreasing the vividness of the future self affects adherence and endorsement of COVID-19 safety measures. A total of 184 participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Depending on the experimental condition, they were tasked with writing a letter to other people (their friend), a proximal future self, and a distant future self. Participants in the distant future self and the other people conditions showed greater adherence intentions than proximal future self participants. No differences were found between the distant future self and the other people group. Further group differences were found in the endorsement of safety measures, with the distant-future self-group showing more condemnation than the other two groups. Commitment to the COVID-19 safety measures mediated the group differences on both dependent variables. The results are discussed within the framework of the Construal Level Theory and the Future Self-continuity model.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"3350 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86616916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cilj je istraživanja bio ispitati znanje srednjoškolskih nastavnika o homoseksualnoj orijentaciji te istražiti u kakvome su odnosu znanje, samoefikasnost u radu s homoseksualnim učenicima i čestina uključivanja u podržavajuća ponašanja. Ispitivanje je provedeno online, a sudjelovalo je 267 srednjoškolskih nastavnika. Korištene su Skala znanja o homoseksualnoj orijentaciji, Skala samoefikasnosti u radu s homoseksualnim učenicima i Skala podržavajućih ponašanja prema učenicima homoseksualne orijentacije. Rezultati pokazuju da nastavnici imaju umjereno znanje o homoseksualnoj orijentaciji te vrlo često odabiru odgovor Ne znam. Rijetko se uključuju u podržavajuća ponašanja prema homoseksualnim učenicima, a njihov je osjećaj samoefikasnosti u radu s njima umjeren. Pritom osjećaju viši stupanj sigurnosti u mogućnost nošenja sa situacijama nasilja na osnovi seksualne orijentacije nego u mogućnost poučavanja učenika o temi homoseksualnosti. Znanje i samoefikasnost u nošenju s nasiljem na osnovi seksualne orijentacije i samoefikasnost u poučavanju o homoseksualnoj orijentaciji značajno predviđaju čestinu uključivanja u podržavajuća ponašanja. Što nastavnici imaju veće znanje o homoseksualnosti, to se češće uključuju u podržavajuća ponašanja, a ta je veza posredovana većom samoefikasnošću u poučavanju o homoseksualnim temama, no ne i većom samoefikasnošću u nošenju s nasiljem. Takvi rezultati ukazuju na važnu ulogu znanja i samoefikasnosti u čestini uključivanja u podržavajuća ponašanja za homoseksualne učenike koji su tijekom srednje škole u vrlo ranjivoj fazi i potrebna im je socijalna podrška.
{"title":"Medijacijski učinak samoefikasnosti u odnosu između znanja nastavnika o homoseksualnosti i pružanja podrške homoseksualnim učenicima","authors":"Helena Pađen, Aleksandra Huić","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Cilj je istraživanja bio ispitati znanje srednjoškolskih nastavnika o homoseksualnoj orijentaciji te istražiti u kakvome su odnosu znanje, samoefikasnost u radu s homoseksualnim učenicima i čestina uključivanja u podržavajuća ponašanja. Ispitivanje je provedeno online, a sudjelovalo je 267 srednjoškolskih nastavnika. Korištene su Skala znanja o homoseksualnoj orijentaciji, Skala samoefikasnosti u radu s homoseksualnim učenicima i Skala podržavajućih ponašanja prema učenicima homoseksualne orijentacije. Rezultati pokazuju da nastavnici imaju umjereno znanje o homoseksualnoj orijentaciji te vrlo često odabiru odgovor Ne znam. Rijetko se uključuju u podržavajuća ponašanja prema homoseksualnim učenicima, a njihov je osjećaj samoefikasnosti u radu s njima umjeren. Pritom osjećaju viši stupanj sigurnosti u mogućnost nošenja sa situacijama nasilja na osnovi seksualne orijentacije nego u mogućnost poučavanja učenika o temi homoseksualnosti. Znanje i samoefikasnost u nošenju s nasiljem na osnovi seksualne orijentacije i samoefikasnost u poučavanju o homoseksualnoj orijentaciji značajno predviđaju čestinu uključivanja u podržavajuća ponašanja. Što nastavnici imaju veće znanje o homoseksualnosti, to se češće uključuju u podržavajuća ponašanja, a ta je veza posredovana većom samoefikasnošću u poučavanju o homoseksualnim temama, no ne i većom samoefikasnošću u nošenju s nasiljem. Takvi rezultati ukazuju na važnu ulogu znanja i samoefikasnosti u čestini uključivanja u podržavajuća ponašanja za homoseksualne učenike koji su tijekom srednje škole u vrlo ranjivoj fazi i potrebna im je socijalna podrška.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study set out to examine the relationships between ‘bright’ and ‘dark’ personality traits and three different types of jealousy: reactive jealousy (negative emotions in reaction to a partner’s infidelity), anxious jealousy (worrying about a partner’s infidelity), and preventive jealousy (the need to prevent a partner from having contact with others). In so doing, we used both a general broad personality questionnaire and a Dark Triad questionnaire for the assessment of personality. In a heterogeneous sample of 680 participants, it was found that neuroticism was positively related to anxious and preventive jealousy, and introversion and hostility to all three types of jealousy. Structure was related positively to reactive jealousy, and Machiavellianism and narcissism to preventive jealousy. These results are largely in line with our hypotheses. The Dark Triad traits were found to have incremental validity in the prediction of preventive jealousy, with Machiavellianism being the best predictor of preventive jealousy. This suggests that preventive jealousy might be a bit ‘darker’ than previously thought. Practical implications for dealing with jealousy in relationships are discussed.
{"title":"Exploring the link between bright and dark personality traits and different types of jealousy","authors":"Dick P. H. Barelds, P. Dijkstra","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present study set out to examine the relationships between ‘bright’ and ‘dark’ personality traits and three different types of jealousy: reactive jealousy (negative emotions in reaction to a partner’s infidelity), anxious jealousy (worrying about a partner’s infidelity), and preventive jealousy (the need to prevent a partner from having contact with others). In so doing, we used both a general broad personality questionnaire and a Dark Triad questionnaire for the assessment of personality. In a heterogeneous sample of 680 participants, it was found that neuroticism was positively related to anxious and preventive jealousy, and introversion and hostility to all three types of jealousy. Structure was related positively to reactive jealousy, and Machiavellianism and narcissism to preventive jealousy. These results are largely in line with our hypotheses. The Dark Triad traits were found to have incremental validity in the prediction of preventive jealousy, with Machiavellianism being the best predictor of preventive jealousy. This suggests that preventive jealousy might be a bit ‘darker’ than previously thought. Practical implications for dealing with jealousy in relationships are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75309316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression depends on risk factors such as loneliness, low self-esteem, and perceived stress when inter-individual differences are investigated in the long run. Depression, however, oscillates within-person over short-time periods as well, but there is a lack of evidence on its temporary correlates. The present study explored how transitory feelings of depression covariate with states of loneliness, stress, and self-esteem at the within-person level, further inspecting how inter-individual differences contribute to understanding intra-individual dynamics. Seventy-four adults (M = 33 years) took part in the study and reported on daily depression, stress, loneliness, and self-esteem for eight successive evenings. The main results showed that within-person fluctuations in depression depended on transient changes in loneliness, self-esteem, and stress, with stress further moderating the depression-self-esteem association; the link between depression and its predictors was reciprocal; inter-individual differences in depression instability across the assessment occasions enhanced the effect of transitory loneliness on feelings of depression. The present findings revealed that within-person associations for depression reflect correlation patterns between people, further highlighting how an individual’s instability in depressive states is relevant for understanding who is more vulnerable to transitory depressive states, which might develop into trait-like conditions over longer time periods.
{"title":"Short-term effects of fluctuations in self-esteem, perceived stress and loneliness in depressive states","authors":"Lisa Di Blas, Matteo Borella, Donatella Ferrante","doi":"10.31820/PT.30.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/PT.30.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Depression depends on risk factors such as loneliness, low self-esteem, and perceived stress when inter-individual differences are investigated in the long run. Depression, however, oscillates within-person over short-time periods as well, but there is a lack of evidence on its temporary correlates. The present study explored how transitory feelings of depression covariate with states of loneliness, stress, and self-esteem at the within-person level, further inspecting how inter-individual differences contribute to understanding intra-individual dynamics. Seventy-four adults (M = 33 years) took part in the study and reported on daily depression, stress, loneliness, and self-esteem for eight successive evenings. The main results showed that within-person fluctuations in depression depended on transient changes in loneliness, self-esteem, and stress, with stress further moderating the depression-self-esteem association; the link between depression and its predictors was reciprocal; inter-individual differences in depression instability across the assessment occasions enhanced the effect of transitory loneliness on feelings of depression. The present findings revealed that within-person associations for depression reflect correlation patterns between people, further highlighting how an individual’s instability in depressive states is relevant for understanding who is more vulnerable to transitory depressive states, which might develop into trait-like conditions over longer time periods.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80764799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirta Blažev, Divna Blažev, A. L. Korajlija, Veronika Blažev
This study aimed to determine the contribution of gender, age, intensity of exercise, perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation and eating attitudes in the explanation dimensions of social physique anxiety (SPA) in a sample of 345 male and female gym exercisers. The results of this study indicate that the implemented model explains 21.3 % (p < .001) of the variance in Dissatisfaction with appearance and 48.4 % (p < .001) of the variance in Worry about appearance. Significant predictors of Dissatisfaction with appearance are intensity of exercise, discrepancy and eating attitudes, while significant predictors of Worry about appearance are gender, intensity of exercise, discrepancy, avoiding displays of imperfection and eating attitudes. In other words, recreational levels of exercise, negative perfectionism and negative attitudes towards food are strong predictors of social physique anxiety, while the tendency to hide our imperfections and female gender are only relevant when it comes toWorry about appearance.
{"title":"Predictors\u0000of Social Physique Anxiety among Recreational Bodybuilders","authors":"Mirta Blažev, Divna Blažev, A. L. Korajlija, Veronika Blažev","doi":"10.31820/pt.29.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the contribution of gender, age, intensity of exercise, perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation and eating attitudes in the explanation dimensions of social physique anxiety (SPA) in a sample of 345 male and female gym exercisers. The results of this study indicate that the implemented model explains 21.3 % (p < .001) of the variance in Dissatisfaction with appearance and 48.4 % (p < .001) of the variance in Worry about appearance. Significant predictors of Dissatisfaction with appearance are intensity of exercise, discrepancy and eating attitudes, while significant predictors of Worry about appearance are gender, intensity of exercise, discrepancy, avoiding displays of imperfection and eating attitudes. In other words, recreational levels of exercise, negative perfectionism and negative attitudes towards food are strong predictors of social physique anxiety, while the tendency to hide our imperfections and female gender are only relevant when it comes toWorry about appearance.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"29 1","pages":"507-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45919635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have shown that during the election process voters rely on different physical characteristics of political candidates. For example, politicians who are perceived as more competent have greater electoral success. In addition, candidates who look more dominant and masculine are preferred among conservative voters. Since facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is assumed to be a predictor of perceived masculinity and dominance, this study aimed to investigate the contribution of fWHR in predicting the outcome of the real political elections. We used a digital database containing photographs of political candidates for the United States Senate (United States Congress and United States House of Representatives) and gubernatorial elections, representing Republican and Democratic Party. fWHR was calculated for the 259 male and 52 female candidates. Across several linear and binary regressions, with the control of the candidate’s sex, party affiliation, election type and candidacy type (incumbency or first candidacy), fWHR predicted neither the election outcome nor the vote share. Several methodological aspects have been discussed to explain these unexpected findings and to give guidance for future research.
{"title":"Omjer širine i visine lica političara i uspjeh na političkim izborima","authors":"Irena Pavela Banai, Benjamin Banai, Mladen Mavar","doi":"10.31820/pt.29.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that during the election process voters rely on different physical characteristics of political candidates. For example, politicians who are perceived as more competent have greater electoral success. In addition, candidates who look more dominant and masculine are preferred among conservative voters. Since facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is assumed to be a predictor of perceived masculinity and dominance, this study aimed to investigate the contribution of fWHR in predicting the outcome of the real political elections. We used a digital database containing photographs of political candidates for the United States Senate (United States Congress and United States House of Representatives) and gubernatorial elections, representing Republican and Democratic Party. fWHR was calculated for the 259 male and 52 female candidates. Across several linear and binary regressions, with the control of the candidate’s sex, party affiliation, election type and candidacy type (incumbency or first candidacy), fWHR predicted neither the election outcome nor the vote share. Several methodological aspects have been discussed to explain these unexpected findings and to give guidance for future research.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"29 1","pages":"589-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45739255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Series of studies have confirmed the significant correlation between personality traits, selfregulation of learning and academic achievement, although these relations are not simple. Personality traits are important predictors of self-regulation of learning, and both are significant predictors of the explanation of objective and subjective school achievement (school satisfaction). The main objective of this research was to examine the extent to which demographic characteristics of students (age and gender), personality traits, the (meta)cognitive strategies of self-regulation of learning, the coping strategies with school failure and the strategy of seeking social support (as predictors) explain objective and subjective school achievement (as criteria). Total of 457 students from 6th and 8th grade of elementary school and 2nd grade of high school from four elementary and three secondary schools in the Republic of Croatia participated in the study. The results show that objective school achievement decreases as students’ age increases. Female students have higher objective school achievement, as well as more conscientious students and those students who less rely on maladaptive strategies of surface cognitive information processing (which is also the most significant negative predictor of objective school success). The above set of predictors successfully explained 29 % of objective school achievement as a criterion. Subjective school achievement also decreases with increased age. Students who are higher on the Agreableness, who less rely on maladaptive strategies of Protection of emotions by moving away when facing school failure, and use more adaptive strategies Ask for emotional and instrumental support from friends, have greater subjective school success. The above set of predictors successfully explained 18 % of subjective school performance as a criterion.
{"title":"Osobine ličnosti učenika, strategije samoregulacije učenja i suočavanja sa školskim neuspjehom, dob i rod kao prediktori objektivnoga i subjektivnoga školskog uspjeha","authors":"Anela Nikčević-Milković, Sanja Tatalović Vorkapić","doi":"10.31820/pt.29.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Series of studies have confirmed the significant correlation between personality traits, selfregulation of learning and academic achievement, although these relations are not simple. Personality traits are important predictors of self-regulation of learning, and both are significant predictors of the explanation of objective and subjective school achievement (school satisfaction). The main objective of this research was to examine the extent to which demographic characteristics of students (age and gender), personality traits, the (meta)cognitive strategies of self-regulation of learning, the coping strategies with school failure and the strategy of seeking social support (as predictors) explain objective and subjective school achievement (as criteria). Total of 457 students from 6th and 8th grade of elementary school and 2nd grade of high school from four elementary and three secondary schools in the Republic of Croatia participated in the study. The results show that objective school achievement decreases as students’ age increases. Female students have higher objective school achievement, as well as more conscientious students and those students who less rely on maladaptive strategies of surface cognitive information processing (which is also the most significant negative predictor of objective school success). The above set of predictors successfully explained 29 % of objective school achievement as a criterion. Subjective school achievement also decreases with increased age. Students who are higher on the Agreableness, who less rely on maladaptive strategies of Protection of emotions by moving away when facing school failure, and use more adaptive strategies Ask for emotional and instrumental support from friends, have greater subjective school success. The above set of predictors successfully explained 18 % of subjective school performance as a criterion.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"29 1","pages":"483-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42361863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mindfulness and virtual reality (VR) have recently been growing popular as stress–coping strategies. Despite that, there is not enough research that compared these techniques or has taken personality traits into account. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness and virtual reality techniques for immediate stress–relief and to examine the efficacy of techniques depending on individual differences in trait anxiety and dispositional mindfulness. The study was conducted on 122 participants. One VR animation was used to induce fear of height in participants, while VR nature animation and mindfulness audiotape were used to relax participants. Subjective and physiological indices of anxiety were measured through electrodermal activity. Five–Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Questionnaire of Approach and Avoidance Motivation were used to collect information about dispositional mindfulness and trait anxiety. Results suggest that the participants estimated that they were significantly more relaxed after the nature animation and the mindfulness audiotape compared to the control group, although the physiological measures did not follow these results. Furthermore, mindfulness audiotape was most effective in highly anxious and low mindfulness individuals, while in the case of nature animation these dispositions did not play a significant role. This study indicates the possibility to use short mindfulness and virtual reality techniques in stress–reduction as well as the importance of personality traits in their effectiveness.
{"title":"Učinkovitost\u0000tehnika usredotočene svjesnosti i virtualne realnosti u smanjenju stresa te\u0000uloga osobine usredotočene svjesnosti i anksioznosti","authors":"Barbara Žuro","doi":"10.31820/pt.29.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Mindfulness and virtual reality (VR) have recently been growing popular as stress–coping strategies. Despite that, there is not enough research that compared these techniques or has taken personality traits into account. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness and virtual reality techniques for immediate stress–relief and to examine the efficacy of techniques depending on individual differences in trait anxiety and dispositional mindfulness. The study was conducted on 122 participants. One VR animation was used to induce fear of height in participants, while VR nature animation and mindfulness audiotape were used to relax participants. Subjective and physiological indices of anxiety were measured through electrodermal activity. Five–Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Questionnaire of Approach and Avoidance Motivation were used to collect information about dispositional mindfulness and trait anxiety. Results suggest that the participants estimated that they were significantly more relaxed after the nature animation and the mindfulness audiotape compared to the control group, although the physiological measures did not follow these results. Furthermore, mindfulness audiotape was most effective in highly anxious and low mindfulness individuals, while in the case of nature animation these dispositions did not play a significant role. This study indicates the possibility to use short mindfulness and virtual reality techniques in stress–reduction as well as the importance of personality traits in their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"29 1","pages":"687-706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48941552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disgust represents a feeling of revulsion and is manifested as a response to adverse stimuli and indicates a motivation to withdraw from the stimulus. Several attempts were made to measure disgust, the earliest being the Disgust Sensitivity Scale (Haidt et al., 1994) that relied on responses to disgust elicitors, and the Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale (DPSS, Cavanagh & Davey, 2000) that focused on the feeling itself, not on the strength of the reaction to specific disgust elicitors. There are two proposed models of the DPSS, one with two subscales, disgust propensity (DP) and disgust sensitivity (DS), and the other with three subscales where the self-focused/ruminative disgust (SFR) split from DS. This study aimed to validate the Serbian translation of the scale. We used two samples, a student sample (N = 437) and a social network user sample (N = 344). We used confirmatory factor analysis in both samples and the yielded results have shown that the three-factor solution is superior. The internal consistency of the subscales was marginally acceptable, while SFR subscale alpha value lagged in the social network user sample. Significant gender differences in subscale values were detected as expected, adding to the scale validity. Also, DP and DS registered a weak positive correlation with trait Neuroticism, negative affect, stress, depression, and anxiety. These results will further our claims that our translation of the DPSS is valid. In conclusion, we believe that the Serbian translation of the 12 item DPSS scale is viable for use in future research on this subject.
厌恶表示一种厌恶感，表现为对不良刺激的反应，表示退出刺激的动机。有几次尝试测量厌恶，最早的是依赖于对厌恶引发者的反应的厌恶敏感性量表（Haidt et al.，1994），以及专注于感觉本身而不是对特定厌恶引发者反应强度的厌恶倾向和敏感性量表。DPSS有两个模型，一个有两个分量表，厌恶倾向（DP）和厌恶敏感度（DS），另一个有三个分量表（其中自我专注/沉思厌恶（SFR）从DS中分离）。本研究旨在验证该量表的塞尔维亚语翻译。我们使用了两个样本，一个是学生样本（N=437），另一个是社交网络用户样本（N=344）。我们在两个样本中都使用了验证性因素分析，得出的结果表明三因素解决方案是优越的。分量表的内部一致性在一定程度上是可以接受的，而SFR分量表α值在社交网络用户样本中滞后。如预期的那样，在分量表值上检测到显著的性别差异，增加了量表的有效性。此外，DP和DS与特质神经质、负面情绪、压力、抑郁和焦虑呈正相关。这些结果将进一步证明我们对DPSS的翻译是有效的。总之，我们认为12项DPSS量表的塞尔维亚语翻译在未来的研究中是可行的。
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This study aimed to examine interindividual differences in electrodermal responses to a sudden stimulus by using different methods of electrodermal reaction assessment. Modelling the electrodermal response as a simple difference of mean electrodermal level before and after stimulus occurrence was compared with approaches that model the electrodermal response curve over time. The association of differently modelled electrodermal reaction with questionnaire measures of personality traits was examined. Ninety-seven students, mostly females (60 %), with age ranging from 18 to 28 participated in this study. Each subject completed a brief measure of neuroticism and extraversion from the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John et al., 1991, 2008) and participated in one laboratory measurement of electrodermal activity during a period of 8 minutes in which a sudden stimulus was presented. Electrodermal activity was modelled in three ways: 1) as a difference in pre- and post-stimulus responses; 2) including linear effects of time; 3) including quadratic effects of time. The outcomes of differently modelled electrodermal responses were correlated with questionnaire measures of neuroticism and extraversion. The results showed that by taking into account the effects of time (both linear and quadratic) the actual electrodermal data can be fitted significantly better. Likewise, estimates of the electrodermal response that take into account the effects of time result in both higher average response levels and interindividual variability. The electrodermal reaction modelled in this way (linear and quadratic) shows a slightly higher and significant positive correlation with neuroticism when compared to simpler methods, although the differences between the different modelling methods are relatively small. The results obtained support the idea of greater excitability related to the neuroticism trait. Given the intensity of the reaction, it is possible that the excitability associated with neuroticism is not specifically related to the valence of the stimulus that elicits that reaction. The correlations are extremely small, but they do not deviate from those obtained in other studies, especially since it is a single electrodermal measurement (Stemmler & Wacker, 2010). The results also show that correlations with personality traits can be detected even on a small sample and only one measurement by adequately modelling the electrodermal reaction.
本研究旨在通过不同的皮肤电反应评估方法来研究个体间皮肤电反应对突然刺激的差异。将皮电反应建模为刺激发生前后平均皮电水平的简单差异，并与模拟随时间变化的皮电反应曲线的方法进行比较。研究了不同模型的皮肤电反应与人格特质问卷测量的关系。研究对象为97名学生，年龄在18 - 28岁之间，以女性居多(60%)。每个被试都完成了一个简短的神经质和外向性测试，测试来自大五人格量表(BFI;John et al.， 1991,2008)，并参与了在8分钟的突然刺激期间进行的皮电活动的实验室测量。皮电活动以三种方式建模:1)刺激前和刺激后反应的差异;2)包括时间的线性效应;3)包括时间的二次效应。不同模型的皮肤电反应结果与问卷测量的神经质和外向性相关。结果表明，考虑时间(线性和二次)的影响，实际皮肤电数据的拟合效果明显较好。同样，考虑到时间影响的皮肤电反应的估计会导致更高的平均反应水平和个体间的差异。与简单的方法相比，以这种方式(线性和二次)建模的皮肤电反应与神经质的正相关性略高且显著，尽管不同建模方法之间的差异相对较小。研究结果支持了高兴奋性与神经质特质相关的观点。考虑到反应的强度，与神经质相关的兴奋性可能与引发该反应的刺激的效价没有特别的关系。相关性非常小，但它们并没有偏离其他研究中获得的结果，特别是因为它是单一的皮肤电测量(Stemmler & Wacker, 2010)。结果还表明，即使在一个小样本中，通过充分模拟皮肤电反应，也可以检测到与人格特征的相关性。
{"title":"Ličnost\u0000i reakcija na iznenadni događaj","authors":"Marko Tončić","doi":"10.31820/pt.29.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine interindividual differences in electrodermal responses to a sudden stimulus by using different methods of electrodermal reaction assessment. Modelling the electrodermal response as a simple difference of mean electrodermal level before and after stimulus occurrence was compared with approaches that model the electrodermal response curve over time. The association of differently modelled electrodermal reaction with questionnaire measures of personality traits was examined. Ninety-seven students, mostly females (60 %), with age ranging from 18 to 28 participated in this study. Each subject completed a brief measure of neuroticism and extraversion from the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John et al., 1991, 2008) and participated in one laboratory measurement of electrodermal activity during a period of 8 minutes in which a sudden stimulus was presented. Electrodermal activity was modelled in three ways: 1) as a difference in pre- and post-stimulus responses; 2) including linear effects of time; 3) including quadratic effects of time. The outcomes of differently modelled electrodermal responses were correlated with questionnaire measures of neuroticism and extraversion. The results showed that by taking into account the effects of time (both linear and quadratic) the actual electrodermal data can be fitted significantly better. Likewise, estimates of the electrodermal response that take into account the effects of time result in both higher average response levels and interindividual variability. The electrodermal reaction modelled in this way (linear and quadratic) shows a slightly higher and significant positive correlation with neuroticism when compared to simpler methods, although the differences between the different modelling methods are relatively small. The results obtained support the idea of greater excitability related to the neuroticism trait. Given the intensity of the reaction, it is possible that the excitability associated with neuroticism is not specifically related to the valence of the stimulus that elicits that reaction. The correlations are extremely small, but they do not deviate from those obtained in other studies, especially since it is a single electrodermal measurement (Stemmler & Wacker, 2010). The results also show that correlations with personality traits can be detected even on a small sample and only one measurement by adequately modelling the electrodermal reaction.","PeriodicalId":20858,"journal":{"name":"Psihologijske teme","volume":"29 1","pages":"729-751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42225093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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