Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113603
Rafael Molari , Letícia Martins Birelo , Carlos Roberto Appoloni , Pedro H.O.V. Campos , Elizabeth A.M. Kajiya , Marcia de Almeida Rizzutto , Aline Assumpção
Multi-spectral imaging – visible, raking, ultraviolet and infrared reflectography (IRR) – and portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (pXRF) were employed in the study of the oil painting on canvas “Annunciation” (c. 1600), by El Greco, belonging to the collection of the São Paulo Museum of Art (MASP). El Greco, originally named Domenikos Theotokopoulos, was an important Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. This work had the objective of providing scientific documentation of the artwork for the museum archives before the artwork underwent a restoration process. The imaging and pXRF measurements were carried out in situ at MASP. Multi-spectral imaging revealed some loss of polychromy in the pictorial layer, the style of brushstrokes in different regions and evidence of old interventions. The analysis by pXRF allowed to purpose indications about the pigments used in the painting, showing that El Greco employed a very restricted palette to create the painting. The indicated materials coincide with those available to European artists at the end of the 16th century and beginning of the 17th century. The XRF data also provided information about earlier interventions.
{"title":"Multispectral imaging and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) for studying the painting “Annunciation” (c. 1600) by El Greco","authors":"Rafael Molari , Letícia Martins Birelo , Carlos Roberto Appoloni , Pedro H.O.V. Campos , Elizabeth A.M. Kajiya , Marcia de Almeida Rizzutto , Aline Assumpção","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-spectral imaging – visible, raking, ultraviolet and infrared reflectography (IRR) – and portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (pXRF) were employed in the study of the oil painting on canvas “Annunciation” (c. 1600), by El Greco, belonging to the collection of the São Paulo Museum of Art (MASP). El Greco, originally named Domenikos Theotokopoulos, was an important Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. This work had the objective of providing scientific documentation of the artwork for the museum archives before the artwork underwent a restoration process. The imaging and pXRF measurements were carried out <em>in situ</em> at MASP. Multi-spectral imaging revealed some loss of polychromy in the pictorial layer, the style of brushstrokes in different regions and evidence of old interventions. The analysis by pXRF allowed to purpose indications about the pigments used in the painting, showing that El Greco employed a very restricted palette to create the painting. The indicated materials coincide with those available to European artists at the end of the 16th century and beginning of the 17th century. The XRF data also provided information about earlier interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals such as l-nitroarginine perchlorate (L-NNA·HClO4) and l-nitroarginine tetrafluoroborate (L-NNA·HBF4) were investigated. The crystal and molecular structures of both compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K. Both crystals crystallize in the monoclinic, non-centrosymmetric space group P21 with Z = 2 and are isostructural, similar to l-arginine salts analogues. Nonlinear optical measurements performed using the modified Kurtz–Perry powder technique demonstrate that both crystals exhibit strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) activity, several times higher than that of known l-arginine salts analogues. The SHG efficiency of L-NNA·HClO4 is approximately 1.5 times higher than that of L-NNA·HBF4. These results demonstrate the potential of l-nitroarginine-based salts as promising semi-organic NLO materials.
{"title":"Study of nonlinear optical crystals of l-nitroarginine perchlorate and l-nitroarginine tetrafluoroborate","authors":"Ruzan Sukiasyan , Ruben Apreyan , Kyrill Suponitsky , Astghik Danghyan , Nelli Gharibyan , Liana Bezhanova , Armen Atanesyan","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals such as <span>l</span>-nitroarginine perchlorate (L-NNA·HClO<sub>4</sub>) and <span>l</span>-nitroarginine tetrafluoroborate (L-NNA·HBF<sub>4</sub>) were investigated. The crystal and molecular structures of both compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K. Both crystals crystallize in the monoclinic, non-centrosymmetric space group P2<sub>1</sub> with Z = 2 and are isostructural, similar to <span>l</span>-arginine salts analogues. Nonlinear optical measurements performed using the modified Kurtz–Perry powder technique demonstrate that both crystals exhibit strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) activity, several times higher than that of known <span>l</span>-arginine salts analogues. The SHG efficiency of L-NNA·HClO<sub>4</sub> is approximately 1.5 times higher than that of L-NNA·HBF<sub>4</sub>. These results demonstrate the potential of <span>l</span>-nitroarginine-based salts as promising semi-organic NLO materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113625
Prince Nyakwaka Joseph , Iván Sánchez-García , Pablo Vacas-Arquero , Emma del Río , Hitos Galán
Within the advanced nuclear fuel cycle option, N, N, N′, N′-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) is considered one of the most promising extractants for lanthanides and minor actinides and is involved in most separation strategies currently under development. Despite its resistance to harsh operational conditions, TODGA degrades, resulting in the formation of different degradation compounds (DCs). These DCs can accumulate, affecting original performance and efficiency of the process, since they are not easily removed. Additionally, the generation and accumulation of these DCs can lead to secondary degradation that produces other DCs. Thus, understanding its behavior is necessary to improve process performance and ensure safe operation at an industrial scale. This work studies the physico-chemical properties (solubility, density, and viscosity), extraction properties, and the resistance against gamma radiation of two important TODGA degradation compounds, 2-Hydroxyl-N-Octylacetamide (HNOA) and N-Octylacetamide (NOA), from the point of view of their accumulation. The obtained outcomes give insights into the effects of secondary degradation and its behavior in a TODGA-degraded solvent, including the extraction of some problematic fission products. This will enable a better design of washing strategies to remove problematic DCs which, together with the identification and application of appropriate masking agents, will suppress undesired extraction phenomena. Moreover, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the chemistry of TODGA-degraded solvent systems, essential for predicting their behavior in separation processes associated with advanced nuclear fuel cycles.
在先进的核燃料循环方案中，N, N ', N ' -四辛基二醇酰胺（TODGA）被认为是镧系元素和少量锕系元素最有前途的萃取剂之一，目前正在开发的大多数分离策略都涉及到它。尽管TODGA可以抵抗恶劣的操作条件，但它会降解，从而形成不同的降解化合物（DCs）。这些dc可能会累积，影响流程的原始性能和效率，因为它们不容易去除。此外，这些dc的产生和积累可能导致产生其他dc的二次降解。因此，了解其行为对于提高工艺性能和确保工业规模的安全操作是必要的。本文从积累的角度研究了两种重要的TODGA降解化合物- 2-羟基- n -辛基乙酰胺（HNOA）和n -辛基乙酰胺（NOA）的理化性质（溶解度、密度和粘度）、提取性能和抗伽马辐射性能。所得结果深入了解了二次降解的影响及其在todga降解溶剂中的行为，包括一些有问题的裂变产物的提取。这将有助于更好地设计洗涤策略，以去除有问题的dc，这些dc与适当掩蔽剂的识别和应用一起，将抑制不希望的提取现象。此外，该研究有助于更深入地了解todga降解溶剂系统的化学性质，这对于预测它们在先进核燃料循环相关的分离过程中的行为至关重要。
{"title":"Implications of 2-hydroxy-N-octylacetamide and N-octylacetamide, two important TODGA degradation compounds, on the actinides partitioning processes","authors":"Prince Nyakwaka Joseph , Iván Sánchez-García , Pablo Vacas-Arquero , Emma del Río , Hitos Galán","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the advanced nuclear fuel cycle option, <em>N, N, N′, N′</em>-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) is considered one of the most promising extractants for lanthanides and minor actinides and is involved in most separation strategies currently under development. Despite its resistance to harsh operational conditions, TODGA degrades, resulting in the formation of different degradation compounds (DCs). These DCs can accumulate, affecting original performance and efficiency of the process, since they are not easily removed. Additionally, the generation and accumulation of these DCs can lead to secondary degradation that produces other DCs. Thus, understanding its behavior is necessary to improve process performance and ensure safe operation at an industrial scale. This work studies the physico-chemical properties (solubility, density, and viscosity), extraction properties, and the resistance against gamma radiation of two important TODGA degradation compounds, 2-Hydroxyl-<em>N</em>-Octylacetamide (HNOA) and <em>N</em>-Octylacetamide (NOA), from the point of view of their accumulation. The obtained outcomes give insights into the effects of secondary degradation and its behavior in a TODGA-degraded solvent, including the extraction of some problematic fission products. This will enable a better design of washing strategies to remove problematic DCs which, together with the identification and application of appropriate masking agents, will suppress undesired extraction phenomena. Moreover, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the chemistry of TODGA-degraded solvent systems, essential for predicting their behavior in separation processes associated with advanced nuclear fuel cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper investigates the features of a new source of X-ray spontaneous radiation based on the channeling of electrons (of mainly low energies) in the main crystallographic charged planes (100), (110) and (111) of a BaTiO3 crystal at temperatures above the Curie temperature, when this crystal with a perovskite structure is in the cubic (paraelectric) phase. It is shown that the depths of the potential wells (in all the main planes on one period there are two such wells with different depths) change slightly with increasing temperature up to the melting temperature. It is shown that a significant contribution to the interaction potentials is made by the Coulomb terms from the uncompensated effective charges of the positively charged Ba2+, Ti4+ ions and the negatively charged O2− ion of the BaTiO3 crystal. The features of the spectral distributions of spontaneous radiation, as well as possible optimal parameters, were investigated for different electron energies and angular dispersions of the electron beams. The comparison of the obtained spectra with similar dependences in lithium halide crystals and in diamond, silicon and germanium crystals traditionally used for channeling was carried out.
{"title":"On an efficient source of X-ray spontaneous radiation based on electron channeling in the main planes of a barium titanate crystal in the cubic phase","authors":"N.V. Maksyuta, V.I. Vysotskii, A.O. Stakhova, D.N. Maksyuta","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper investigates the features of a new source of X-ray spontaneous radiation based on the channeling of electrons (of mainly low energies) in the main crystallographic charged planes (100), (110) and (111) of a BaTiO<sub>3</sub> crystal at temperatures above the Curie temperature, when this crystal with a perovskite structure is in the cubic (paraelectric) phase. It is shown that the depths of the potential wells (in all the main planes on one period there are two such wells with different depths) change slightly with increasing temperature up to the melting temperature. It is shown that a significant contribution to the interaction potentials is made by the Coulomb terms from the uncompensated effective charges of the positively charged Ba<sup>2+</sup>, Ti<sup>4+</sup> ions and the negatively charged O<sup>2−</sup> ion of the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> crystal. The features of the spectral distributions of spontaneous radiation, as well as possible optimal parameters, were investigated for different electron energies and angular dispersions of the electron beams. The comparison of the obtained spectra with similar dependences in lithium halide crystals and in diamond, silicon and germanium crystals traditionally used for channeling was carried out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
South Africa has seven uranium provinces scattered across different national provinces and consisting of different ore deposits. As a signatory to the Pelindaba NPT Treaty, the country is required by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to develop its own National Nuclear Forensics Library (NNFL). Nuclear forensic science provides an essential tool to examine nuclear and other radioactive materials, as well as provide evidence that the material was out of regulatory control and was being trafficked. Once the nuclear or radioactive material is seized, the identification of the material and determination of its source is of prime importance. One of the key signatures in nuclear forensics is the isotopic analysis of lead (Pb), which can serve as a fingerprint for nuclear materials. The lead isotopic composition varies between the mining locations, depending on the geological settings. In this study, samples were collected from different mines of Mpumalanga Province. Lead isotopic ratios of the uranium ore were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) PerkinElmer NexION 2000. According to the results of the lead-lead (Pb–Pb) geochemistry, detrital pyrites make up the mineralization of the uranium ore. The isotopic ratios differed among various ore bodies, which could act as their distinct fingerprints. Additionally, this study provided compelling evidence of the differences between BT and ET, and BT and WT samples. But for the ET-WT pair, it suggested that samples were most likely taken from the same mine shaft.
{"title":"Determination of lead isotopic ratios for nuclear forensic signatures from Mpumalanga Province, South Africa","authors":"Murorunkwere Beatrice, Noxolo Manyoba, Manny Mathuthu","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>South Africa has seven uranium provinces scattered across different national provinces and consisting of different ore deposits. As a signatory to the Pelindaba NPT Treaty, the country is required by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to develop its own National Nuclear Forensics Library (NNFL). Nuclear forensic science provides an essential tool to examine nuclear and other radioactive materials, as well as provide evidence that the material was out of regulatory control and was being trafficked. Once the nuclear or radioactive material is seized, the identification of the material and determination of its source is of prime importance. One of the key signatures in nuclear forensics is the isotopic analysis of lead (Pb), which can serve as a fingerprint for nuclear materials. The lead isotopic composition varies between the mining locations, depending on the geological settings. In this study, samples were collected from different mines of Mpumalanga Province. Lead isotopic ratios of the uranium ore were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) PerkinElmer NexION 2000. According to the results of the lead-lead (Pb–Pb) geochemistry, detrital pyrites make up the mineralization of the uranium ore. The isotopic ratios differed among various ore bodies, which could act as their distinct fingerprints. Additionally, this study provided compelling evidence of the differences between BT and ET, and BT and WT samples. But for the ET-WT pair, it suggested that samples were most likely taken from the same mine shaft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents a systematic experimental-theoretical investigation of parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) generated by relativistic electrons in mosaic crystals of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The study focuses on the influence of crystal mosaicity on the spectral-angular distribution of PXR. Experiments were performed in backscattering geometry (with an observation angle close to 180°) using 7 MeV electrons from the Röntgen-1 setup, which provides precise beam control and high-resolution semiconductor spectroscopy. Four HOPG grades with mosaic spreads ranging from 0.4° to 3.5° were analyzed, and orientation dependences of the PXR yield (also called rocking curves) were measured for the first diffraction orders (002)–(008). Increasing mosaicity produces quantitative broadening of rocking curves accompanied by reduction in peak intensity: when mosaicity increases from 0.4° to 3.5°, the FWHM of orientational dependence of the PXR yield for the (002) reflection increases from 10° to 12°, while the peak intensity decreases by a factor of 1.3. The results agree with the kinematical PXR theory for mosaic crystals for the first diffraction orders, while the broadening of rocking observed for higher orders indicates the need for refinement of the theoretical model. These findings clarify how mosaic spread governs the spectral-angular distribution of PXR and inform the optimization of compact X-ray sources suitable for laboratory-scale applications.
{"title":"The effect of crystalline mosaicity on the spectral-angular distribution of parametric X-ray radiation","authors":"V.I. Alekseev , A.N. Eliseev , E. Yu. Kidanova , I.A. Kishchin , A.S. Kubankin , R.M. Nazhmudinov","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a systematic experimental-theoretical investigation of parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) generated by relativistic electrons in mosaic crystals of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The study focuses on the influence of crystal mosaicity on the spectral-angular distribution of PXR. Experiments were performed in backscattering geometry (with an observation angle close to 180°) using 7 MeV electrons from the Röntgen-1 setup, which provides precise beam control and high-resolution semiconductor spectroscopy. Four HOPG grades with mosaic spreads ranging from 0.4° to 3.5° were analyzed, and orientation dependences of the PXR yield (also called rocking curves) were measured for the first diffraction orders (002)–(008). Increasing mosaicity produces quantitative broadening of rocking curves accompanied by reduction in peak intensity: when mosaicity increases from 0.4° to 3.5°, the FWHM of orientational dependence of the PXR yield for the (002) reflection increases from 10° to 12°, while the peak intensity decreases by a factor of 1.3. The results agree with the kinematical PXR theory for mosaic crystals for the first diffraction orders, while the broadening of rocking observed for higher orders indicates the need for refinement of the theoretical model. These findings clarify how mosaic spread governs the spectral-angular distribution of PXR and inform the optimization of compact X-ray sources suitable for laboratory-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113609
Tak-Hyun Kim, Dong-Woo Kim, Sang-Hee Jo, Jieun Son, Seungho Yu, Tae-Hun Kim, Jong-Seok Park
Recently, electron beam processes for treating gas pollutant have been studied extensively. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of operating parameters such as gas flow rate, beam voltage, and beam current which are particularly important in continuous flow electron beam systems. This study investigated the radiolytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) under continuous flow conditions, with a specific focus on the effects of gas flow rate and beam voltage on H2S removal. When removal efficiency was evaluated as a function of absorbed dose, the efficiency increased with increasing gas flow rate, and the effect of beam voltage was not significantly. In contrast, when removal efficiency was expressed as a function of beam current, a different trend emerged. Removal efficiency decreased as gas flow rate increased, and increased as beam voltage increased. These observations highlight the importance of considering beam current intensity, in addition to absorbed dose, when studying radiolytic decomposition phenomena in continuous flow electron beam processes. Furthermore, the radiolytic decomposition of H2S in this system followed a 2nd-order kinetic model rather than a 1st-order model.
{"title":"Effects of gas flow rate and beam voltage on the radiolytic decomposition of H2S by electron beam in the continuous flow system","authors":"Tak-Hyun Kim, Dong-Woo Kim, Sang-Hee Jo, Jieun Son, Seungho Yu, Tae-Hun Kim, Jong-Seok Park","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, electron beam processes for treating gas pollutant have been studied extensively. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of operating parameters such as gas flow rate, beam voltage, and beam current which are particularly important in continuous flow electron beam systems. This study investigated the radiolytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) under continuous flow conditions, with a specific focus on the effects of gas flow rate and beam voltage on H<sub>2</sub>S removal. When removal efficiency was evaluated as a function of absorbed dose, the efficiency increased with increasing gas flow rate, and the effect of beam voltage was not significantly. In contrast, when removal efficiency was expressed as a function of beam current, a different trend emerged. Removal efficiency decreased as gas flow rate increased, and increased as beam voltage increased. These observations highlight the importance of considering beam current intensity, in addition to absorbed dose, when studying radiolytic decomposition phenomena in continuous flow electron beam processes. Furthermore, the radiolytic decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>S in this system followed a 2nd-order kinetic model rather than a 1st-order model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113639
Ejazul Haque M. Malik, Asma N. Khan, Sabrina A. Shaikh, Ashok K. Pandey, Hemlata K. Bagla
Electron beam irradiation (EBI) was applied to six varietal honey samples obtained from the Western Ghats, India, at doses of 10–40 kGy using a 10 MeV accelerator to assess effects on biochemical composition and functional properties. Pissa honey exhibited the highest baseline phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The fructose-to-glucose ratio and sugar carbon patterns remained unchanged following irradiation, indicating preservation of the carbohydrate matrix and sensory-relevant parameters. Dose-dependent increases were observed in hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), with HMF remaining within acceptable regulatory limits and TPC/TFC increasing up to 30 kGy. Correspondingly, radical scavenging activity increased and plateaued beyond 30 kGy. Microbial loads were reduced at 10 kGy, while complete sterilization was achieved at 30 kGy, with no further functional advantage at 40 kGy. Based on these outcomes, 30 kGy was identified as the optimal dose balancing microbial safety, biochemical enrichment, and material stability. The findings support the feasibility of EBI as a non-thermal decontamination method for honey, with relevance to current food safety and irradiation standardization efforts. Identifying an optimal dose is pertinent to policy discussions surrounding Codex Alimentarius and FAO/IAEA frameworks for food irradiation, labeling, and dose harmonization. Such data may inform regulatory consideration of honey as a candidate for irradiated food categories, particularly in medicinal, nutraceutical, and clinical nutrition applications where sterility and biochemical integrity are required. The study also contributes to sustainability-oriented processing approaches that minimize thermal degradation and support extended shelf-life without compromising functional attributes.
{"title":"Functional evaluation of electron-beam irradiated honey sourced from diverse floral ecosystems: A sustainable route for preservation with enhanced quality","authors":"Ejazul Haque M. Malik, Asma N. Khan, Sabrina A. Shaikh, Ashok K. Pandey, Hemlata K. Bagla","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron beam irradiation (EBI) was applied to six varietal honey samples obtained from the Western Ghats, India, at doses of 10–40 kGy using a 10 MeV accelerator to assess effects on biochemical composition and functional properties. Pissa honey exhibited the highest baseline phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The fructose-to-glucose ratio and sugar carbon patterns remained unchanged following irradiation, indicating preservation of the carbohydrate matrix and sensory-relevant parameters. Dose-dependent increases were observed in hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), with HMF remaining within acceptable regulatory limits and TPC/TFC increasing up to 30 kGy. Correspondingly, radical scavenging activity increased and plateaued beyond 30 kGy. Microbial loads were reduced at 10 kGy, while complete sterilization was achieved at 30 kGy, with no further functional advantage at 40 kGy. Based on these outcomes, 30 kGy was identified as the optimal dose balancing microbial safety, biochemical enrichment, and material stability. The findings support the feasibility of EBI as a non-thermal decontamination method for honey, with relevance to current food safety and irradiation standardization efforts. Identifying an optimal dose is pertinent to policy discussions surrounding Codex Alimentarius and FAO/IAEA frameworks for food irradiation, labeling, and dose harmonization. Such data may inform regulatory consideration of honey as a candidate for irradiated food categories, particularly in medicinal, nutraceutical, and clinical nutrition applications where sterility and biochemical integrity are required. The study also contributes to sustainability-oriented processing approaches that minimize thermal degradation and support extended shelf-life without compromising functional attributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113587
Tianfeng Sun , Jiawei Sheng , Jun Yan , Qing Sun , Haifeng Zhu
This study investigates the limitations of conventional analytical methods—such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis)—in discriminating irradiated grey pearls from their natural counterparts. A rapid and sensitive identification method based on thermoluminescence (TL) is developed for detecting irradiation treatment in pearls. Comparative analysis of TL responses in pearl and shell powders exposed to varying γ-ray doses reveals distinct dose-dependent behaviors. It was found that the TL intensity of pearl powder increased first and then decreased with dose (peak reduction of 30.9 %), while the TL intensity of shell powder dropped sharply by 49.5 % from 10 to 18 kGy and tended to stabilize at higher doses. The study suggests that the decrease in the thermoluminescence peak of shells and pearls treated with high radiation intensity is due to the loss of Mn element and the destruction of organic matter caused by interface dehydration. It is proposed that the TL characteristic parameters can be used as indicators for irradiation identification, providing an anti-counterfeiting technology that is difficult to replicate for the jewelry industry. Meanwhile, it offers a new perspective for the research on the irradiation effect mechanism of biomineral materials.
{"title":"Thermoluminescence response of shell and pearl powders with different irradiation doses","authors":"Tianfeng Sun , Jiawei Sheng , Jun Yan , Qing Sun , Haifeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the limitations of conventional analytical methods—such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis)—in discriminating irradiated grey pearls from their natural counterparts. A rapid and sensitive identification method based on thermoluminescence (TL) is developed for detecting irradiation treatment in pearls. Comparative analysis of TL responses in pearl and shell powders exposed to varying γ-ray doses reveals distinct dose-dependent behaviors. It was found that the TL intensity of pearl powder increased first and then decreased with dose (peak reduction of 30.9 %), while the TL intensity of shell powder dropped sharply by 49.5 % from 10 to 18 kGy and tended to stabilize at higher doses. The study suggests that the decrease in the thermoluminescence peak of shells and pearls treated with high radiation intensity is due to the loss of Mn element and the destruction of organic matter caused by interface dehydration. It is proposed that the TL characteristic parameters can be used as indicators for irradiation identification, providing an anti-counterfeiting technology that is difficult to replicate for the jewelry industry. Meanwhile, it offers a new perspective for the research on the irradiation effect mechanism of biomineral materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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