Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113636
Sirisha Majji , M.C. Rath , Y.K. Bhardwaj
The radical-mediated degradation of the reactive azo dye Procion MX-8G (PMX-8G), a widely used persistent textile dye, in aqueous solution was investigated using a 7 MeV linear electron accelerator and pulse radiolysis. Electron beam (EB) irradiation at an absorbed dose of 10 kGy resulted in near-complete (>99 %) decolorization for 0.1 mM PMX-8G solution, as evidenced by the decrease in the absorption maximum at λmax ∼416 nm. Under controlled conditions, oxidative pathways were more effective than reductive conditions causing higher degradation. Transient absorption spectra obtained under N2O saturated condition, revealed the formation of short-lived intermediates with absorption bands near ∼350 and ∼580 nm and a bleach signal around ∼420 nm. The •OH reaction rate constant with PMX-8G was 2.5 ± 0.2 x 1010 dm3mol−1s−1. Reaction with hydrated electrons (eaq−) produced an anionic intermediate with an absorption peak at ∼500 nm, and the second-order rate constant for the reaction was 1.5 ± 0.2 × 1010 dm3mol−1s−1. The degradation studies carried out in the presence of sodium carbonate (representative of dye-fixing conditions), substantially inhibited degradation, increasing the required dose nearly threefold, for same extent of decolorization, whereas the presence of chloride caused only minor inhibition, reducing 0.15 mM PMX-8G degradation from ∼98 % to ∼92 % at 5 kGy. HRMS product analysis of fragmented dye confirmed that PMX-8G undergoes radiolytic degradation via oxidative and reductive pathways. These results demonstrate the potential of electron-beam treatment as a clean, chemical free approach for treating saline and chemically complex textile effluents.
{"title":"An insight into radiolytic degradation of Procion dye MX-8G: A pulse radiolysis investigation","authors":"Sirisha Majji , M.C. Rath , Y.K. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radical-mediated degradation of the reactive azo dye Procion MX-8G (PMX-8G), a widely used persistent textile dye, in aqueous solution was investigated using a 7 MeV linear electron accelerator and pulse radiolysis. Electron beam (EB) irradiation at an absorbed dose of 10 kGy resulted in near-complete (>99 %) decolorization for 0.1 mM PMX-8G solution, as evidenced by the decrease in the absorption maximum at <em>λ<sub>max</sub></em> ∼416 nm. Under controlled conditions, oxidative pathways were more effective than reductive conditions causing higher degradation. Transient absorption spectra obtained under N<sub>2</sub>O saturated condition, revealed the formation of short-lived intermediates with absorption bands near ∼350 and ∼580 nm and a bleach signal around ∼420 nm. The <sup>•</sup>OH reaction rate constant with PMX-8G was 2.5 ± 0.2 x 10<sup>10</sup> dm<sup>3</sup>mol<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>. Reaction with hydrated electrons (e<sub>aq</sub> <sup>−</sup>) produced an anionic intermediate with an absorption peak at ∼500 nm, and the second-order rate constant for the reaction was 1.5 ± 0.2 × 10<sup>10</sup> dm<sup>3</sup>mol<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>. The degradation studies carried out in the presence of sodium carbonate (representative of dye-fixing conditions), substantially inhibited degradation, increasing the required dose nearly threefold, for same extent of decolorization, whereas the presence of chloride caused only minor inhibition, reducing 0.15 mM PMX-8G degradation from ∼98 % to ∼92 % at 5 kGy. HRMS product analysis of fragmented dye confirmed that PMX-8G undergoes radiolytic degradation via oxidative and reductive pathways. These results demonstrate the potential of electron-beam treatment as a clean, chemical free approach for treating saline and chemically complex textile effluents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals such as l-nitroarginine perchlorate (L-NNA·HClO4) and l-nitroarginine tetrafluoroborate (L-NNA·HBF4) were investigated. The crystal and molecular structures of both compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K. Both crystals crystallize in the monoclinic, non-centrosymmetric space group P21 with Z = 2 and are isostructural, similar to l-arginine salts analogues. Nonlinear optical measurements performed using the modified Kurtz–Perry powder technique demonstrate that both crystals exhibit strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) activity, several times higher than that of known l-arginine salts analogues. The SHG efficiency of L-NNA·HClO4 is approximately 1.5 times higher than that of L-NNA·HBF4. These results demonstrate the potential of l-nitroarginine-based salts as promising semi-organic NLO materials.
{"title":"Study of nonlinear optical crystals of l-nitroarginine perchlorate and l-nitroarginine tetrafluoroborate","authors":"Ruzan Sukiasyan , Ruben Apreyan , Kyrill Suponitsky , Astghik Danghyan , Nelli Gharibyan , Liana Bezhanova , Armen Atanesyan","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals such as <span>l</span>-nitroarginine perchlorate (L-NNA·HClO<sub>4</sub>) and <span>l</span>-nitroarginine tetrafluoroborate (L-NNA·HBF<sub>4</sub>) were investigated. The crystal and molecular structures of both compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K. Both crystals crystallize in the monoclinic, non-centrosymmetric space group P2<sub>1</sub> with Z = 2 and are isostructural, similar to <span>l</span>-arginine salts analogues. Nonlinear optical measurements performed using the modified Kurtz–Perry powder technique demonstrate that both crystals exhibit strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) activity, several times higher than that of known <span>l</span>-arginine salts analogues. The SHG efficiency of L-NNA·HClO<sub>4</sub> is approximately 1.5 times higher than that of L-NNA·HBF<sub>4</sub>. These results demonstrate the potential of <span>l</span>-nitroarginine-based salts as promising semi-organic NLO materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113639
Ejazul Haque M. Malik, Asma N. Khan, Sabrina A. Shaikh, Ashok K. Pandey, Hemlata K. Bagla
Electron beam irradiation (EBI) was applied to six varietal honey samples obtained from the Western Ghats, India, at doses of 10–40 kGy using a 10 MeV accelerator to assess effects on biochemical composition and functional properties. Pissa honey exhibited the highest baseline phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The fructose-to-glucose ratio and sugar carbon patterns remained unchanged following irradiation, indicating preservation of the carbohydrate matrix and sensory-relevant parameters. Dose-dependent increases were observed in hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), with HMF remaining within acceptable regulatory limits and TPC/TFC increasing up to 30 kGy. Correspondingly, radical scavenging activity increased and plateaued beyond 30 kGy. Microbial loads were reduced at 10 kGy, while complete sterilization was achieved at 30 kGy, with no further functional advantage at 40 kGy. Based on these outcomes, 30 kGy was identified as the optimal dose balancing microbial safety, biochemical enrichment, and material stability. The findings support the feasibility of EBI as a non-thermal decontamination method for honey, with relevance to current food safety and irradiation standardization efforts. Identifying an optimal dose is pertinent to policy discussions surrounding Codex Alimentarius and FAO/IAEA frameworks for food irradiation, labeling, and dose harmonization. Such data may inform regulatory consideration of honey as a candidate for irradiated food categories, particularly in medicinal, nutraceutical, and clinical nutrition applications where sterility and biochemical integrity are required. The study also contributes to sustainability-oriented processing approaches that minimize thermal degradation and support extended shelf-life without compromising functional attributes.
{"title":"Functional evaluation of electron-beam irradiated honey sourced from diverse floral ecosystems: A sustainable route for preservation with enhanced quality","authors":"Ejazul Haque M. Malik, Asma N. Khan, Sabrina A. Shaikh, Ashok K. Pandey, Hemlata K. Bagla","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron beam irradiation (EBI) was applied to six varietal honey samples obtained from the Western Ghats, India, at doses of 10–40 kGy using a 10 MeV accelerator to assess effects on biochemical composition and functional properties. Pissa honey exhibited the highest baseline phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. The fructose-to-glucose ratio and sugar carbon patterns remained unchanged following irradiation, indicating preservation of the carbohydrate matrix and sensory-relevant parameters. Dose-dependent increases were observed in hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), with HMF remaining within acceptable regulatory limits and TPC/TFC increasing up to 30 kGy. Correspondingly, radical scavenging activity increased and plateaued beyond 30 kGy. Microbial loads were reduced at 10 kGy, while complete sterilization was achieved at 30 kGy, with no further functional advantage at 40 kGy. Based on these outcomes, 30 kGy was identified as the optimal dose balancing microbial safety, biochemical enrichment, and material stability. The findings support the feasibility of EBI as a non-thermal decontamination method for honey, with relevance to current food safety and irradiation standardization efforts. Identifying an optimal dose is pertinent to policy discussions surrounding Codex Alimentarius and FAO/IAEA frameworks for food irradiation, labeling, and dose harmonization. Such data may inform regulatory consideration of honey as a candidate for irradiated food categories, particularly in medicinal, nutraceutical, and clinical nutrition applications where sterility and biochemical integrity are required. The study also contributes to sustainability-oriented processing approaches that minimize thermal degradation and support extended shelf-life without compromising functional attributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113641
M. Sepiani , M.N. Nasrabadi
The γ-ray strength function (γSF) is one of the most important components of photonuclear and radiative nuclear reaction mechanisms, describing the probability of the gamma-ray emission or absorption. Microscopic models of γSF offer a more fundamental description compared to phenomenological approaches, they cannot be flexibly adjusted to experimental data. To address this problem, a correction method for microscopic γSFs using some adjustable parameters has been implemented in the nuclear reaction codes. This work determines the optimal values of these parameters for microscopic Gogny HFB + QRPA γSF model for neodymium (Nd) isotopes by analyzing existing experimental γSF data for investigating the photonuclear reactions. The results demonstrate that by applying these adjustable parameters, the predictive accuracy of microscopic model for these reactions can be significantly improved. This improvement has important implications for various fields in nuclear physics and technology.
{"title":"Data-driven refinement of microscopic γ-ray strength functions for Nd isotopes","authors":"M. Sepiani , M.N. Nasrabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The γ-ray strength function (γSF) is one of the most important components of photonuclear and radiative nuclear reaction mechanisms, describing the probability of the gamma-ray emission or absorption. Microscopic models of γSF offer a more fundamental description compared to phenomenological approaches, they cannot be flexibly adjusted to experimental data. To address this problem, a correction method for microscopic γSFs using some adjustable parameters has been implemented in the nuclear reaction codes. This work determines the optimal values of these parameters for microscopic Gogny HFB + QRPA γSF model for neodymium (Nd) isotopes by analyzing existing experimental γSF data for investigating the photonuclear reactions. The results demonstrate that by applying these adjustable parameters, the predictive accuracy of microscopic model for these reactions can be significantly improved. This improvement has important implications for various fields in nuclear physics and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The search for effective radiosensitising agents with minimal toxicity to normal tissues remains a critical challenge in cancer therapy. Plant-derived compounds, such as Hispidulin, have demonstrated promising anticancer activities with low cytotoxicity toward healthy cells. This study compared the radiation interaction characteristics of Hispidulin with those of anticancer agents commonly used in combination with radiotherapy, namely Ipilimumab, Trastuzumab, and Dacarbazine. The radiation interaction parameters, including the LAC, MAC, MFP, HVL, Zeff and Neff, were experimentally determined using a gamma spectrometer equipped with a Ba-133 radioactive source and ultra-low energy germanium detector (ULEGe). Theoretical calculations were also conducted for EBF and EABF. The findings suggest that agents such as Dacarbazine and Trastuzumab exhibit substantial energy deposition and neutron interaction capabilities, supporting their potential role in targeted or radiosensitising strategies, particularly under neutron-based therapies. In contrast, Hispidulin demonstrated notable radioprotective potential due to its superior attenuation efficiency, suggesting its potential use as a radioprotective or adjunctive agent rather than as a primary radiosensitizer. Moreover, Hispidulin's radiation interaction characteristics appear, in certain respects, to be comparable to those of established chemotherapeutic drugs. These results provide new insights into the potential application of Hispidulin as a adjunct to radiotherapy and emphasise the importance of evaluating anticancer agents not only in terms of their pharmacological activity but also in terms of their radiophysical properties.
{"title":"Phytochemical hispidulin versus clinically used anticancer drugs: A comparative analysis of gamma and neutron radiation interaction properties","authors":"Kubra Koc , Esra Cinan , Demet Yılmaz , Neslihan Yüce , Elif Boydaş , Yılmaz Şahin","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for effective <strong>radiosensitising</strong> agents with minimal toxicity to normal tissues remains a critical challenge in cancer therapy. Plant-derived compounds, such as Hispidulin, have demonstrated promising anticancer activities with low cytotoxicity toward healthy cells. <strong>This study compared</strong> the radiation interaction <strong>characteristics</strong> of Hispidulin <strong>with</strong> those of <strong>anticancer agents commonly used in combination with radiotherapy</strong>, <strong>namely</strong> Ipilimumab, Trastuzumab, and Dacarbazine. The radiation interaction parameters, including the LAC, MAC, MFP, HVL, <em>Z</em><sub><em>eff</em></sub> and <em>N</em><sub><em>eff</em></sub>, were experimentally <strong>determined using</strong> a gamma spectrometer <strong>equipped with a</strong> Ba-133 radioactive source and ultra-low energy germanium detector (ULEGe). Theoretical calculations were <strong>also conducted for</strong> EBF <strong>and</strong> EABF. <strong>The findings suggest</strong> that agents such as Dacarbazine and Trastuzumab exhibit <strong>substantial</strong> energy deposition and neutron interaction <strong>capabilities</strong>, supporting their <strong>potential role in</strong> targeted or radiosensitising strategies, <strong>particularly</strong> under neutron-based therapies. In contrast, Hispidulin demonstrate<strong>d notable</strong> radioprotective potential due to its <strong>superior attenuation efficiency, suggesting its potential use</strong> as a radioprotective or adjunctive agent rather than as a primary radiosensitizer. Moreover, Hispidulin's radiation interaction characteristics appear, <strong>in certain respects, to be</strong> comparable to those of established chemotherapeutic drugs. These <strong>results</strong> provide new insights into the <strong>potential</strong> application of Hispidulin as a adjunct to radiotherapy <strong>and emphasise</strong> the importance of evaluating anticancer agents not only in terms of their pharmacological activity but also in terms of their radiophysical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113647
Guolong Liu , Diyun Shu , Changran Geng , Xiaobin Tang , Yuan-Hao Liu , Yingzhi Zheng , Junhang Gao , Sulian Su , Youqun Lai
The precise dose calculation in Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) heavily relies on accurate characterization of tissue elemental composition. However, current computed tomography (CT)-based methods face significant limitations in analyzing soft tissue elements due to the non-unique relationship between Hounsfield units (HU) and tissue parameters. A novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based quantitative analysis method to address this issue has been developed for deriving key elemental mass fractions (C, H, O, N) through measuring molecular components including water, lipids, and proteins. Using mDIXON-Quant MRI technology, the accuracy of fat quantification was first validated through phantom experiments (mean relative deviation <0.1 %) and established a linear calibration model between MRI signal intensity and water mass fraction. Further biological sample experiments demonstrated that MRI-derived mass fractions of H, N, and O agreed well with elemental analyzer measurements, whereas C quantification showed some data dispersion. Compared with traditional CT methods, MRI improved the prediction accuracy for C, H, and N elements. This study demonstrates the feasibility of MRI-based quantitative analysis, which may provide more accurate soft tissue elemental data for Monte Carlo simulations in BNCT treatment planning.
{"title":"Feasibility assessment of an MR-based quantitative method for soft tissue elemental composition toward accurate BNCT dose calculation","authors":"Guolong Liu , Diyun Shu , Changran Geng , Xiaobin Tang , Yuan-Hao Liu , Yingzhi Zheng , Junhang Gao , Sulian Su , Youqun Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise dose calculation in Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) heavily relies on accurate characterization of tissue elemental composition. However, current computed tomography (CT)-based methods face significant limitations in analyzing soft tissue elements due to the non-unique relationship between Hounsfield units (HU) and tissue parameters. A novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based quantitative analysis method to address this issue has been developed for deriving key elemental mass fractions (C, H, O, N) through measuring molecular components including water, lipids, and proteins. Using mDIXON-Quant MRI technology, the accuracy of fat quantification was first validated through phantom experiments (mean relative deviation <0.1 %) and established a linear calibration model between MRI signal intensity and water mass fraction. Further biological sample experiments demonstrated that MRI-derived mass fractions of H, N, and O agreed well with elemental analyzer measurements, whereas C quantification showed some data dispersion. Compared with traditional CT methods, MRI improved the prediction accuracy for C, H, and N elements. This study demonstrates the feasibility of MRI-based quantitative analysis, which may provide more accurate soft tissue elemental data for Monte Carlo simulations in BNCT treatment planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a previous study, we investigated the dose response of alanine dosimeters irradiated with 2.0–7.0 keV monochromatic X-rays and found that the soft X-ray irradiation should be a high-LET like nature (Radiat. Phys. Chem. 214, 111304). The lower energy of Auger- and photo-electrons ejected from the irradiated materials will cause high LET irradiation. This suggests that soft X-ray irradiation can induce the effective cross-linking of polymer. In the present study, we examined the cross-linking behavior of polydimethylsiloxane and halogenated polystyrenes under 2.5–5.0 keV monochromatic X-ray irradiations. The cross-linking yield increased with the dose and saturated at significantly lower dose than those achieved with high-energy photons or electrons. The result is the reverse trend of alanine radical yield observed in the previous study. The cross-linking yields of halogenated polystyrenes highlight the influence of Auger- and photoelectron energies modulated by both halogen substitution and the energy of X-rays on the cross-linking process. Finally, cross-linking efficiency can be controlled by the type of element present in the polymer and X-ray energy.
{"title":"Is soft X-ray irradiation of a high-LET like nature? -dependence of X-ray energy in cross-linking yield of polydimethylsiloxane and halogenated polystyrenes-","authors":"Seiko Nakagawa , Maki Ohara , Akinari Yokoya , Noriko Usami","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a previous study, we investigated the dose response of alanine dosimeters irradiated with 2.0–7.0 keV monochromatic X-rays and found that the soft X-ray irradiation should be a high-LET like nature (Radiat. Phys. Chem. 214, 111304). The lower energy of Auger- and photo-electrons ejected from the irradiated materials will cause high LET irradiation. This suggests that soft X-ray irradiation can induce the effective cross-linking of polymer. In the present study, we examined the cross-linking behavior of polydimethylsiloxane and halogenated polystyrenes under 2.5–5.0 keV monochromatic X-ray irradiations. The cross-linking yield increased with the dose and saturated at significantly lower dose than those achieved with high-energy photons or electrons. The result is the reverse trend of alanine radical yield observed in the previous study. The cross-linking yields of halogenated polystyrenes highlight the influence of Auger- and photoelectron energies modulated by both halogen substitution and the energy of X-rays on the cross-linking process. Finally, cross-linking efficiency can be controlled by the type of element present in the polymer and X-ray energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113643
Xing Di , Kan Wang , Haoxin Jin , Yuhui Yang , Minghao Sun , Yike Xu , Wensa Peng , Xiaoxia Liu
Purpose
This study systematically compared the VOLO and Sequential (SEQU) optimizers for CyberKnife-based stereotactic radiosurgery (CK-SRS) in jugular foramen tumors (GFTs). The evaluation included plan quality, delivery efficiency, quality assurance, and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for xerostomia, to validate the clinical benefits of VOLO optimizer in skull-base and craniovertebral junction (CVJ) radiosurgery.
Methods
Eighteen patients with GFTs (PTV volume: 17.81 ± 7.97 cc) treated with fractionated CK-SRS (28 Gy/4 fractions) were included. Plans were optimized independently using SEQU and VOLO optimizers with fixed collimators (5–35 mm) and Ray-Tracing dose calculation. Plan quality was evaluated based on target coverage, conformity index (CI), gradient index (GI), coverage, dose to organs at risk (OARs) and healthy brain tissue (HBT) exposure. Delivery efficiency was assessed using the number of nodes, beams, monitor units (MU), and delivery time. Dose verification was performed using an ionization chamber for point dose comparison and EBT3 film for gamma evaluation (3 %/2 mm) of planar dose distribution. Additionally, NTCP for xerostomia was calculated based on mean doses to submandibular gland and bilateral parotid.
Results
VOLO optimization demonstrated superior dosimetric performance over SEQU, achieving significantly improved conformity (CI: 1.16 ± 0.06 vs 1.19 ± 0.69, p = 0.019) and steeper dose gradients (GI: 3.31 ± 0.52 vs 3.69 ± 0.60, p = 0.004) while maintaining comparable target coverage (p = 0.845). Meanwhile, VOLO also improved protection of most OARs and reduced exposure of HBT at intermediate-to-high dose levels. Treatment efficiency was significantly enhanced, with reductions in MU (66.89 %), beams (23.89 %), nodes (19.00 %), and treatment time (20.50 %), alongside a 41.08 % shorter optimization time (all p < 0.001). Notably, VOLO optimization resulted in a lower predicted NTCP for both moderate-to-severe (15.69 % vs 16.18 %, p = 0.012) and severe xerostomia (3.93 % vs 4.05 %, p = 0.003). All plans passed quality assurance checks, with mean point dose differences below 2.60 % and gamma pass rates for 3 %/1 mm exceeding 95.26 %.
Conclusion
Compared to the SEQU optimizer, VOLO demonstrated superior dosimetric plan quality, significantly improved treatment efficiency, and reduced xerostomia risk for JFTs treated with CK-SRS. The excellent clinical performance of VOLO, further validated by all plans passing rigorous dose verification, strongly supports its adoption as the preferred optimization solution for complex skull-base and CVJ radiosurgery.
目的：本研究系统地比较了VOLO和Sequential （SEQU）优化器在颈静脉孔肿瘤（GFTs）的射波刀立体定向放射手术（CK-SRS）中的应用。从计划质量、交付效率、质量保证、正常组织并发症发生率（NTCP）等方面进行评价，验证VOLO优化器在颅底颅椎交界区（CVJ）放疗中的临床疗效。方法采用28 Gy/4分次CK-SRS治疗的GFTs患者18例（PTV体积：17.81±7.97 cc）。使用固定准直器（5-35 mm）的SEQU和VOLO优化器和射线追踪剂量计算独立优化方案。根据目标覆盖率、符合性指数（CI）、梯度指数（GI）、覆盖率、危险器官剂量（OARs）和健康脑组织暴露（HBT）来评估计划质量。使用节点数、光束数、监测单位（MU）和递送时间来评估递送效率。剂量验证采用电离室进行点剂量比较，EBT3膜进行平面剂量分布的γ评价（3% / 2mm）。此外，根据颌下腺和双侧腮腺的平均剂量计算口干症的NTCP。结果volo优化的剂量学性能优于SEQU，显著提高了一致性（CI: 1.16±0.06 vs 1.19±0.69,p = 0.019）和更陡峭的剂量梯度（GI: 3.31±0.52 vs 3.69±0.60,p = 0.004），同时保持了相当的靶覆盖率（p = 0.845）。同时，VOLO还改善了对大多数桨叶的保护，并减少了中至高剂量水平的HBT暴露。治疗效率显著提高，减少了MU（66.89%）、光束（23.89%）、节点（19.00%）和治疗时间（20.50%），优化时间缩短了41.08%（均p <； 0.001）。值得注意的是，VOLO优化导致中重度（15.69% vs 16.18%, p = 0.012）和重度口干症（3.93% vs 4.05%, p = 0.003）的预测NTCP较低。所有方案均通过质量保证检查，平均点剂量差低于2.60%，γ通过率3% /1 mm超过95.26%。结论与SEQU优化器相比，VOLO具有更好的剂量学计划质量，显著提高了CK-SRS治疗JFTs的治疗效率，降低了口干风险。VOLO优异的临床性能，通过严格剂量验证的所有方案进一步验证，有力地支持其作为复杂颅底和CVJ放射手术的首选优化解决方案。
{"title":"Comparison of VOLO and sequential optimizers in CyberKnife SRS for glomus jugular tumors: Plan quality, efficiency, quality assurance and NTCP analysis","authors":"Xing Di , Kan Wang , Haoxin Jin , Yuhui Yang , Minghao Sun , Yike Xu , Wensa Peng , Xiaoxia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study systematically compared the VOLO and Sequential (SEQU) optimizers for CyberKnife-based stereotactic radiosurgery (CK-SRS) in jugular foramen tumors (GFTs). The evaluation included plan quality, delivery efficiency, quality assurance, and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for xerostomia, to validate the clinical benefits of VOLO optimizer in skull-base and craniovertebral junction (CVJ) radiosurgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen patients with GFTs (PTV volume: 17.81 ± 7.97 cc) treated with fractionated CK-SRS (28 Gy/4 fractions) were included. Plans were optimized independently using SEQU and VOLO optimizers with fixed collimators (5–35 mm) and Ray-Tracing dose calculation. Plan quality was evaluated based on target coverage, conformity index (CI), gradient index (GI), coverage, dose to organs at risk (OARs) and healthy brain tissue (HBT) exposure. Delivery efficiency was assessed using the number of nodes, beams, monitor units (MU), and delivery time. Dose verification was performed using an ionization chamber for point dose comparison and EBT3 film for gamma evaluation (3 %/2 mm) of planar dose distribution. Additionally, NTCP for xerostomia was calculated based on mean doses to submandibular gland and bilateral parotid.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>VOLO optimization demonstrated superior dosimetric performance over SEQU, achieving significantly improved conformity (CI: 1.16 ± 0.06 <em>vs</em> 1.19 ± 0.69, <em>p</em> = 0.019) and steeper dose gradients (GI: 3.31 ± 0.52 <em>vs</em> 3.69 ± 0.60, <em>p</em> = 0.004) while maintaining comparable target coverage (<em>p</em> = 0.845). Meanwhile, VOLO also improved protection of most OARs and reduced exposure of HBT at intermediate-to-high dose levels. Treatment efficiency was significantly enhanced, with reductions in MU (66.89 %), beams (23.89 %), nodes (19.00 %), and treatment time (20.50 %), alongside a 41.08 % shorter optimization time (all <em>p</em> < 0.001). Notably, VOLO optimization resulted in a lower predicted NTCP for both moderate-to-severe (15.69 % <em>vs</em> 16.18 %, <em>p</em> = 0.012) and severe xerostomia (3.93 % <em>vs</em> 4.05 %, <em>p</em> = 0.003). All plans passed quality assurance checks, with mean point dose differences below 2.60 % and gamma pass rates for 3 %/1 mm exceeding 95.26 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared to the SEQU optimizer, VOLO demonstrated superior dosimetric plan quality, significantly improved treatment efficiency, and reduced xerostomia risk for JFTs treated with CK-SRS. The excellent clinical performance of VOLO, further validated by all plans passing rigorous dose verification, strongly supports its adoption as the preferred optimization solution for complex skull-base and CVJ radiosurgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113642
Manoj Kumar , Rajeev Kumar
The theoretical study of electron ionization for industrially relevant molecules, benzene and styrene, is reported in the present article. The calculation of the single differential cross sections (SDCS), double differential cross sections (DDCS), and the averaged secondary electron energy <w> has been performed by employing the modified Jain-Khare semiempirical formulation. The total ionization cross section (TICS) and ionization rate coefficient have been calculated from ionization threshold to 5 keV incident electron energies. The present total ionization cross sections are found in reasonable agreement with existing theoretical and experimental data sets for considered targets.
{"title":"Theoretical study of electron ionization of C6H6 and C8H8","authors":"Manoj Kumar , Rajeev Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The theoretical study of electron ionization for industrially relevant molecules, benzene and styrene, is reported in the present article. The calculation of the single differential cross sections (SDCS), double differential cross sections (DDCS), and the averaged secondary electron energy <w> has been performed by employing the modified Jain-Khare semiempirical formulation. The total ionization cross section (TICS) and ionization rate coefficient have been calculated from ionization threshold to 5 keV incident electron energies. The present total ionization cross sections are found in reasonable agreement with existing theoretical and experimental data sets for considered targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a magnetotransport study of BiSe topological insulator single crystals irradiated with argon ions at energies of 10 keV and 15 keV and fluences of cm−2 and cm−2 in the temperature range of 5 K to 300 K and under magnetic fields up to 9 T. It is found that irradiation leads to an increase in electrical resistivity and a decrease in electron concentration. The magnetoresistivity curves change significantly after irradiation, which may be attributed to a strong modification of the electronic structure of the samples. The dependencies exhibit Shubnikov–de Haas quantum oscillations originating from bulk states. Additionally, irradiation induces an unusual negative magnetoresistivity effect that cannot be explained by current theoretical models applicable to topological insulators. In the case of one of the samples, the magnetoresistivity tends to saturate at high magnetic fields, which may be caused by a reduction in the Fermi surface anisotropy.
在5 K ~ 300 K的温度范围和9 t的磁场下，用能量分别为10 keV和15 keV的氩离子辐照Bi2Se3拓扑绝缘体单晶，研究了能量分别为1.25⋅1015 cm - 2和1.25⋅1017 cm - 2的磁场辐照Bi2Se3拓扑绝缘体单晶的磁输运。辐照后样品的磁电阻率MR(B)曲线发生了明显的变化，这可能是由于样品的电子结构发生了强烈的修饰。MR(B)依赖表现出源自体态的舒布尼科夫-德哈斯量子振荡。此外，辐照会引起不寻常的负磁阻效应，这是目前适用于拓扑绝缘体的理论模型无法解释的。其中一个样品的磁电阻率在高磁场下趋于饱和，这可能是由于费米表面各向异性的降低引起的。
{"title":"Heavy ion irradiation-induced modifications in magnetotransport of the topological insulator Bi2Se3","authors":"B.M. Fominykh , A.N. Perevalova , V.Yu. Irkhin , S.V. Naumov , K.V. Shalomov , N.V. Gushchina , E.B. Marchenkova , V.V. Marchenkov","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.113645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a magnetotransport study of Bi<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>Se<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> topological insulator single crystals irradiated with argon ions at energies of 10 keV and 15 keV and fluences of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn><mi>⋅</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>15</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> cm<sup>−2</sup> and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>25</mn><mi>⋅</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> cm<sup>−2</sup> in the temperature range of 5 K to 300 K and under magnetic fields <span><math><mi>B</mi></math></span> up to 9 T. It is found that irradiation leads to an increase in electrical resistivity and a decrease in electron concentration. The magnetoresistivity <span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>R</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> curves change significantly after irradiation, which may be attributed to a strong modification of the electronic structure of the samples. The <span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>R</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> dependencies exhibit Shubnikov–de Haas quantum oscillations originating from bulk states. Additionally, irradiation induces an unusual negative magnetoresistivity effect that cannot be explained by current theoretical models applicable to topological insulators. In the case of one of the samples, the magnetoresistivity tends to saturate at high magnetic fields, which may be caused by a reduction in the Fermi surface anisotropy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 113645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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