Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112326
Ferdi Akman , Mehmet Fatih Turhan , Hasan Oğul , Ahmet Turşucu , Taha Erdoğan , Mustafa Recep Kaçal , Hasan Polat
The presented study focused on investigating the radiation shielding properties of polyester/pyrite/niobium diboride (FeSNbB) composites. Various gamma-ray shielding parameters were evaluated with help of a HPGe detector system. Theoretical and simulation results are further evaluated by WinXCOM, GEANT4 and FLUKA codes, and the obtained results are compared with experimental values in the energy region 59.5 keV–1332.5 keV. The prepared samples are additionally evaluated using kerma relative to air values and Exposure build-up factors. Then, for the evaluation of neutron radiation shielding, effective removal cross sections for fast neutrons were determined for FeSNbB composites. Electron attenuation efficiency (AE%) for the produced composites was assessed across the energy spectrum of 4 MeV–18 MeV, utilizing experimental data from a Linac machine and theoretical predictions from Eclipse TPS. The results were found to be compatible with each other. FeSNbB50 has the best shielding properties among the studied composites.
{"title":"Production and evaluation of the polyester composites containing pyrite and niobium diboride for radiation protection","authors":"Ferdi Akman , Mehmet Fatih Turhan , Hasan Oğul , Ahmet Turşucu , Taha Erdoğan , Mustafa Recep Kaçal , Hasan Polat","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presented study focused on investigating the radiation shielding properties of polyester/pyrite/niobium diboride (FeSNbB) composites. Various gamma-ray shielding parameters were evaluated with help of a HPGe detector system. Theoretical and simulation results are further evaluated by WinXCOM, GEANT4 and FLUKA codes, and the obtained results are compared with experimental values in the energy region 59.5 keV–1332.5 keV. The prepared samples are additionally evaluated using kerma relative to air values and Exposure build-up factors. Then, for the evaluation of neutron radiation shielding, effective removal cross sections for fast neutrons were determined for FeSNbB composites. Electron attenuation efficiency (<em>AE%</em>) for the produced composites was assessed across the energy spectrum of 4 MeV–18 MeV, utilizing experimental data from a Linac machine and theoretical predictions from Eclipse TPS. The results were found to be compatible with each other. FeSNbB50 has the best shielding properties among the studied composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112299
Qian Yang, Shimeng Xu, Jie Fan
The kerma-area product meter (KAP meter) is mainly used for quality assurance in medical imaging research, providing dose quality assessment or dose monitoring for patients. It can be calibrated either in the laboratory or on-site. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for calibrating the KAP meter using a plane-parallel transmission ionization chamber in the SSDLs. In the range of 50 kV–150 kV, under RQR (standard radiation qualities) and RQR additional filtering conditions of the KAP meter, the correction factor of the transmission ionization chamber is calculated to select two types of KAP meters for the calibration of the transmitted beam. The collimators used to limit the size of the radiation field are respectively 50.07 mm in length, 30.03 mm in length, and 20.05 mm in radius. This method, with uncertainty not exceeding 3.0% while improving calibration efficiency, can replace the unit-specific correction of the laboratory method (Toroi et al., 2008).
KAP 计主要用于医学成像研究的质量保证,为患者提供剂量质量评估或剂量监测。它可以在实验室或现场进行校准。本研究的目的是提出一种在 SSDL 中使用平面平行透射电离室校准 KAP 计的方法。在 50 kV-150 kV 范围内,在 KAP 计的 RQR(标准辐射质量)和 RQR 附加滤波条件下,计算透射电离室的校正系数 NQm,以选择两种类型的 KAP 计对透射光束进行校准。用于限制辐射场大小的准直器长度分别为 50.07 毫米、30.03 毫米和 20.05 毫米。这种方法的不确定性不超过 3.0%,同时提高了校准效率,可以取代实验室方法的特定单位校正(Toroi 等人,2008 年)。
{"title":"An SSDLs calibration method for the kerma-area product meter","authors":"Qian Yang, Shimeng Xu, Jie Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The kerma-area product meter (KAP meter) is mainly used for quality assurance in medical imaging research, providing dose quality assessment or dose monitoring for patients. It can be calibrated either in the laboratory or on-site. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for calibrating the KAP meter using a plane-parallel transmission ionization chamber in the SSDLs. In the range of 50 kV–150 kV, under RQR (standard radiation qualities) and RQR additional filtering conditions of the KAP meter, the correction factor <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>N</mi><mi>Q</mi><mi>m</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span> of the transmission ionization chamber is calculated to select two types of KAP meters for the calibration of the transmitted beam. The collimators used to limit the size of the radiation field are respectively 50.07 mm in length, 30.03 mm in length, and 20.05 mm in radius. This method, with uncertainty not exceeding 3.0% while improving calibration efficiency, can replace the unit-specific correction of the laboratory method (Toroi et al., 2008).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112295
Seifeldin Elabed, Abdelrahman Sheirf, M. Ali
Nanotechnology holds tremendous promise for advancing cancer treatment and imaging. Various nanostructures, including liposomes, polymersomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles, have been extensively investigated for applications such as targeted drug delivery, thermal ablation, gene therapy, MRI contrast enhancement, fluorescence imaging, theranostics, and photoacoustic imaging. This review offers a systematic evaluation of recent advancements in nanostructure applications for cancer, covering studies from 2018 to 2023. A thorough literature searches across major databases yielded over 500 relevant studies. Key insights demonstrate improved anticancer efficacy, site-specific accumulation, reduced toxicity, and real-time therapeutic response monitoring through the use of optimized multifunctional nanostructures in preclinical cancer models. However, the majority of these nanostructures remain in preclinical or early clinical stages. Addressing critical challenges related to pharmacokinetics, tumor penetration, biocompatibility, clearance, and toxicity through detailed mechanistic studies and assessments is essential for clinical translation. Future advancements in bioinspired designs, surface modifications, combination therapies, stimuli-responsive systems, in situ activation, multimodal imaging, and integration with emerging technologies such as microfluidics and AI could significantly accelerate the clinical success of nanotherapeutics, paving the way for precise and personalized cancer care. Ultimately, this review underscores the transformative potential of nanostructures in cancer treatment and diagnostics, while highlighting the necessity of integrated and rigorous optimization to achieve breakthrough outcomes in clinical oncology.
{"title":"Nanostructures for cancer therapeutics and diagnostics: Recent advances and future outlook","authors":"Seifeldin Elabed, Abdelrahman Sheirf, M. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology holds tremendous promise for advancing cancer treatment and imaging. Various nanostructures, including liposomes, polymersomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles, have been extensively investigated for applications such as targeted drug delivery, thermal ablation, gene therapy, MRI contrast enhancement, fluorescence imaging, theranostics, and photoacoustic imaging. This review offers a systematic evaluation of recent advancements in nanostructure applications for cancer, covering studies from 2018 to 2023. A thorough literature searches across major databases yielded over 500 relevant studies. Key insights demonstrate improved anticancer efficacy, site-specific accumulation, reduced toxicity, and real-time therapeutic response monitoring through the use of optimized multifunctional nanostructures in preclinical cancer models. However, the majority of these nanostructures remain in preclinical or early clinical stages. Addressing critical challenges related to pharmacokinetics, tumor penetration, biocompatibility, clearance, and toxicity through detailed mechanistic studies and assessments is essential for clinical translation. Future advancements in bioinspired designs, surface modifications, combination therapies, stimuli-responsive systems, in situ activation, multimodal imaging, and integration with emerging technologies such as microfluidics and AI could significantly accelerate the clinical success of nanotherapeutics, paving the way for precise and personalized cancer care. Ultimately, this review underscores the transformative potential of nanostructures in cancer treatment and diagnostics, while highlighting the necessity of integrated and rigorous optimization to achieve breakthrough outcomes in clinical oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112292
B. Alshahrani , Jamila S. Alzahrani , Amani Alalawi , Sultan Alomairy , I.O. Olarinoye , M.S. Al-Buriahi
In order to identify the importance of perovskites in nuclear science, studies aimed at obtaining the radiation interaction quantities of perovskites are essential. This study computed and analyzed the gamma photon interaction parameters of CaCu3B2Re2O12 (BMn, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskites to reveal their shielding potentials and comparative advantages against traditional shielding materials. Four samples of ferrimagnetic quaternary perovskites whose chemical structures are summarized as CaCu3B2Re2O12 (BMn (CCMRO1), Fe (CCMRO2), Co (CCMRO3), and Ni (CCMRO4)) were considered for their gamma interaction quantities. The values of mass attenuation coefficient () was calculated with XCOM and they were in the range of 0.0552 cm2/g–0.4162 cm2/g for CCMRO1, 0.0553 cm2/g–0.4165 cm2/g CCMRO2, 0.0552 cm2/g–0.4148 cm2/g for CCMRO3, and 0.0555 cm2/g–0.4163 cm2/g for CCMRO4. The values of effective atomic number and electron density was within the range 21.38–43.38 and 2.84 x 1023 electrons/g −5.62 x1023 electrons/g, respectively. The trend of the mass energy absorption coefficients of the perovskites was also found to be in the same order as the mass attenuation coefficient. CCMRO3 has the highest photon energy absorptive ability among the perovskites while CCMRO2 has the least capacity. Also, the gamma dose rates in15 mm thick of CCMRO1, CCMRO2, CCMRO3, and CCMRO4 for 1.25 MeV are about 1446 kR/h, 1449 kR/h, 1453 kR/h, and 1446 kR/h, respectively. Comparatively, the values of the exposure and energy absorption buildup factors were almost the same for the perovskites at the same energy and optical depth. The investigated perovskites had higher mass attenuation coefficients that standard shielding glasses. The perovskites can be used for shielding or any other radiation absorption roles in radiation science and technology, especially for photons at low energies.
{"title":"Gamma attenuation and radiation shielding performance of CaCu3B2Re2O12 (BMn, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskites","authors":"B. Alshahrani , Jamila S. Alzahrani , Amani Alalawi , Sultan Alomairy , I.O. Olarinoye , M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to identify the importance of perovskites in nuclear science, studies aimed at obtaining the radiation interaction quantities of perovskites are essential. This study computed and analyzed the gamma photon interaction parameters of CaCu<sub>3</sub>B<sub>2</sub>Re<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (B<img>Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskites to reveal their shielding potentials and comparative advantages against traditional shielding materials. Four samples of ferrimagnetic quaternary perovskites whose chemical structures are summarized as CaCu<sub>3</sub>B<sub>2</sub>Re<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (B<img>Mn (CCMRO1), Fe (CCMRO2), Co (CCMRO3), and Ni (CCMRO4)) were considered for their gamma interaction quantities. The values of mass attenuation coefficient (<span><math><mrow><mfrac><mi>μ</mi><mi>ρ</mi></mfrac></mrow></math></span>) was calculated with XCOM and they were in the range of 0.0552 cm<sup>2</sup>/g–0.4162 cm<sup>2</sup>/g for CCMRO1, 0.0553 cm<sup>2</sup>/g–0.4165 cm<sup>2</sup>/g CCMRO2, 0.0552 cm<sup>2</sup>/g–0.4148 cm<sup>2</sup>/g for CCMRO3, and 0.0555 cm<sup>2</sup>/g–0.4163 cm<sup>2</sup>/g for CCMRO4. The values of effective atomic number and electron density was within the range 21.38–43.38 and 2.84 x 10<sup>23</sup> electrons/g −5.62 x10<sup>23</sup> electrons/g, respectively. The trend of the mass energy absorption coefficients of the perovskites was also found to be in the same order as the mass attenuation coefficient. CCMRO3 has the highest photon energy absorptive ability among the perovskites while CCMRO2 has the least capacity. Also, the gamma dose rates in15 mm thick of CCMRO1, CCMRO2, CCMRO3, and CCMRO4 for 1.25 MeV are about 1446 kR/h, 1449 kR/h, 1453 kR/h, and 1446 kR/h, respectively. Comparatively, the values of the exposure and energy absorption buildup factors were almost the same for the perovskites at the same energy and optical depth. The investigated perovskites had higher mass attenuation coefficients that standard shielding glasses. The perovskites can be used for shielding or any other radiation absorption roles in radiation science and technology, especially for photons at low energies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112297
Kaiyong Tang , Li Fu , Siyuan Zhang , Mo Zhou , Haijun Fan , Yan Zeng
To avoid fading, the readout time of the old LiMgPO4:Er in the previous study had to be taken to be at least 20 s. The readout time is up to 20 s, which not only contradicts the fast OSL readout, but also eliminates too many OSL signals per readout and is not favourable to the requirement that the OSL can be read multiple times. The primary objective of this study is to reduce readout time under conditions where the OSL signal of LiMgPO4:Er phosphor stabilizes after irradiation. The OSL properties were investigated. To achieve OSL fading of about 5% within 30 d after irradiation, the shortest integration time for new LiMgPO4:Er in this study was 1 s, whereas old LiMgPO4:Er required 20 s. When the integration time was 1 s, the OSL sensitivity of the new LiMgPO4:Er samples in this study was about 2.4 times that of the old LiMgPO4:Er samples. A new LiMgPO4:Er phosphor with an OSL signal loss of about 5% for the shortest integration time of 1 s within 30 days after irradiation, a sensitivity comparable to that of TLD-500k, and an MMD as low as 38 μGy was successfully prepared, which will meet the fast read out and the multiple readings requirements.
{"title":"Enhance optically stimulated luminescence sensitivity and improve fading of newly developed LiMgPO4:Er phosphor","authors":"Kaiyong Tang , Li Fu , Siyuan Zhang , Mo Zhou , Haijun Fan , Yan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To avoid fading, the readout time of the old LiMgPO<sub>4</sub>:Er in the previous study had to be taken to be at least 20 s. The readout time is up to 20 s, which not only contradicts the fast OSL readout, but also eliminates too many OSL signals per readout and is not favourable to the requirement that the OSL can be read multiple times. The primary objective of this study is to reduce readout time under conditions where the OSL signal of LiMgPO<sub>4</sub>:Er phosphor stabilizes after irradiation. The OSL properties were investigated. To achieve OSL fading of about 5% within 30 d after irradiation, the shortest integration time for new LiMgPO<sub>4</sub>:Er in this study was 1 s, whereas old LiMgPO<sub>4</sub>:Er required 20 s. When the integration time was 1 s, the OSL sensitivity of the new LiMgPO<sub>4</sub>:Er samples in this study was about 2.4 times that of the old LiMgPO<sub>4</sub>:Er samples. A new LiMgPO<sub>4</sub>:Er phosphor with an OSL signal loss of about 5% for the shortest integration time of 1 s within 30 days after irradiation, a sensitivity comparable to that of TLD-500k, and an MMD as low as 38 μGy was successfully prepared, which will meet the fast read out and the multiple readings requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112293
Yahaya Saadu Itas , Mayeen Uddin Khandaker , Aliyu Mohammed Aliyu , Ali Shawabkeh , Afsar khan , Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
The demand for more materials for efficient shielding of radiation has been on the rise day by day due to some witnessed progress in applications of radiations in science and technology. In this research, we investigated the gamma ray shielding capacity of zinc boro-aluminosilicate (ZBASi) glass by varying concentrations of B2O3. Fundamentally, experimental and theoretical means were both adopted to evaluate photon shielding characteristics of the studied glasses. Additionally, amorphous nature and crystalline sizes of the glass sample were determined using XRD technique and Debye Scherrer equation respectively. The results show that as the B2O3 content increased from 55 to 70 wt %, the optical bandgap, and packing density decreased. However, the density, and molar volume were found to increase accordingly. Using Phy-x/PSD and genat4, the maximum values of mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for ZBASi-4, ZBASi-3, ZBASi-2, and ZBASi-1 were found to be 20.2, 17.5, 16.3, and 9.6 cm2/g at 20 KeV, respectively. With respect to exposure rate, the exposure buildup factor (EBF) is low in the region where density is high, meaning that photon attenuation power is high in the region of low EFB (high density). The production of aluminosilicate glass poses fewer environmental risks than that of traditional lead-based shielding materials. It is therefore a more environmentally friendly option since harmful heavy metals are not involved.
{"title":"Zinc boro-aluminosilicate glass for infrared and gamma sensing applications: Physical properties and gamma ray attenuation aspects","authors":"Yahaya Saadu Itas , Mayeen Uddin Khandaker , Aliyu Mohammed Aliyu , Ali Shawabkeh , Afsar khan , Abdulrahman A. Almehizia","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for more materials for efficient shielding of radiation has been on the rise day by day due to some witnessed progress in applications of radiations in science and technology. In this research, we investigated the gamma ray shielding capacity of zinc boro-aluminosilicate (ZBASi) glass by varying concentrations of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Fundamentally, experimental and theoretical means were both adopted to evaluate photon shielding characteristics of the studied glasses. Additionally, amorphous nature and crystalline sizes of the glass sample were determined using XRD technique and Debye Scherrer equation respectively. The results show that as the B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content increased from 55 to 70 wt %, the optical bandgap, and packing density decreased. However, the density, and molar volume were found to increase accordingly. Using Phy-x/PSD and genat4, the maximum values of mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for ZBASi-4, ZBASi-3, ZBASi-2, and ZBASi-1 were found to be 20.2, 17.5, 16.3, and 9.6 cm<sup>2</sup>/g at 20 KeV, respectively. With respect to exposure rate, the exposure buildup factor (EBF) is low in the region where density is high, meaning that photon attenuation power is high in the region of low EFB (high density). The production of aluminosilicate glass poses fewer environmental risks than that of traditional lead-based shielding materials. It is therefore a more environmentally friendly option since harmful heavy metals are not involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112294
Samar , N. Amjed , A. Naz , A.M. Wajid , M. Eman , M.A. Saeed
Lead Isotopes can be effectively used in nuclear medicine, 203Pb forms a theranostic pair with 212Pb whereas 201Pb→ 201Tl, facilitate the production of 201Tl via the generator system. The aim of this work was to achieve the high purity production of 203Pb and 201Tl via a cyclotron. To achieve this, several charged particle induced reactions namely 205Tl(p,3n)203Pb, 205Tl(d,4n)203Pb, 205Tl(p,5n)201Pb→201Tl, 205Tl(d,6n)201Pb→201Tl, 203Tl(p,3n)201Pb→201Tl, and 203Tl(d,4n)201Pb→201Tl were evaluated. First the consistency and reliability of the experimental data were ensured by using established nuclear model codes like TALYS 1.9 and EMPIRE 3.2. A robust methodology, based on experimental data and theoretical nuclear models, was used to generate the recommended cross sections for each production route and associated radioisotopic impurities. The thick target yields were calculated for each production route and its corresponding impurity reaction by utilizing the recommended/reference data. Following a thorough analysis and comparison of the evaluated production routes, it was concluded that the most promising options are 205Tl(d,4n)203Pb and 203Tl(p,3n)201Pb→201Tl. Their optimum conditions were determined as Ed = 30 → 21 MeV and Ep = 30 → 21 MeV with integral yields of 568.9 MBq/μAh and 1223.5 MBq/μAh respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of the cross section data for cyclotron production of medical radionuclides 201Pb→201Tl and 203Pb","authors":"Samar , N. Amjed , A. Naz , A.M. Wajid , M. Eman , M.A. Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead Isotopes can be effectively used in nuclear medicine, <sup>203</sup>Pb forms a theranostic pair with <sup>212</sup>Pb whereas <sup>201</sup>Pb→ <sup>201</sup>Tl, facilitate the production of <sup>201</sup>Tl via the generator system. The aim of this work was to achieve the high purity production of <sup>203</sup>Pb and <sup>201</sup>Tl via a cyclotron. To achieve this, several charged particle induced reactions namely <sup>205</sup>Tl(p,3n)<sup>203</sup>Pb, <sup>205</sup>Tl(d,4n)<sup>203</sup>Pb, <sup>205</sup>Tl(p,5n)<sup>201</sup>Pb→<sup>201</sup>Tl, <sup>205</sup>Tl(d,6n)<sup>201</sup>Pb→<sup>201</sup>Tl, <sup>203</sup>Tl(p,3n)<sup>201</sup>Pb→<sup>201</sup>Tl, and <sup>203</sup>Tl(d,4n)<sup>201</sup>Pb→<sup>201</sup>Tl were evaluated. First the consistency and reliability of the experimental data were ensured by using established nuclear model codes like TALYS 1.9 and EMPIRE 3.2. A robust methodology, based on experimental data and theoretical nuclear models, was used to generate the recommended cross sections for each production route and associated radioisotopic impurities. The thick target yields were calculated for each production route and its corresponding impurity reaction by utilizing the recommended/reference data. Following a thorough analysis and comparison of the evaluated production routes, it was concluded that the most promising options are <sup>205</sup>Tl(d,4n)<sup>203</sup>Pb and <sup>203</sup>Tl(p,3n)<sup>201</sup>Pb→<sup>201</sup>Tl. Their optimum conditions were determined as E<sub>d</sub> = 30 → 21 MeV and Ep = 30 → 21 MeV with integral yields of 568.9 MBq/μAh and 1223.5 MBq/μAh respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112298
Toni Dunatov , Georgios Provatas , Stjepko Fazinić , Varvara Foteinou , Fotios Maragkos , Karla Ivanković Nizić , Maja Mičetić
In the present work experimentally determined differential cross sections of the reactions 10B(3He, p1,3)12C, 11B(3He, p0,1,2,3)13C and 11B(3He, d0)12C are reported. The measurements cover the 2–3 MeV energy range, for 5 detection angles of θ = 137°, 141°, 146°, 152°, 158°. A novel experimental setup was designed for this purpose and installed at the Dual Microprobe end-station of the Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI) in Zagreb, Croatia. It involves an annular strip charged particle silicon detector with a large solid angle, enabling a relatively fast acquisition process without significant increase in the angular uncertainty. The obtained cross sections were benchmarked with a thick amorphous boron target in a different experimental setup at RBI, as well as at the scattering chamber setup of the RUBION accelerator facility in Bochum, Germany.
{"title":"Study of natB(3He, p) reactions cross sections using a novel setup for 3He-NRA micro analyses","authors":"Toni Dunatov , Georgios Provatas , Stjepko Fazinić , Varvara Foteinou , Fotios Maragkos , Karla Ivanković Nizić , Maja Mičetić","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work experimentally determined differential cross sections of the reactions <sup>10</sup>B(<sup>3</sup>He, p<sub>1,3</sub>)<sup>12</sup>C, <sup>11</sup>B(<sup>3</sup>He, p<sub>0,1,2,3</sub>)<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>11</sup>B(<sup>3</sup>He, d<sub>0</sub>)<sup>12</sup>C are reported. The measurements cover the 2–3 MeV energy range, for 5 detection angles of θ = 137°, 141°, 146°, 152°, 158°. A novel experimental setup was designed for this purpose and installed at the Dual Microprobe end-station of the Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI) in Zagreb, Croatia. It involves an annular strip charged particle silicon detector with a large solid angle, enabling a relatively fast acquisition process without significant increase in the angular uncertainty. The obtained cross sections were benchmarked with a thick amorphous boron target in a different experimental setup at RBI, as well as at the scattering chamber setup of the RUBION accelerator facility in Bochum, Germany.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112301
Jiahao Guo , Xinlei Li , Yidi Wang, Han Gao, Xianghui Kong, Tao Wu, Xinjie Wang, Kaijin Yan, WenYue Zhang, YuChen Yin, Jianping Cao, Yang Jiao, Liang Sun
Phase space files can store the particle information in one or more planes of radiation particles simulated by the Monte Carlo (MC) method. The secondary calculation method based on phase space files is commonly used to improve the efficiency of MC simulations. However, it is still unclear whether phase space files are applicable for microdosimetric evaluations. In this study, voxel-type and mesh-type monolayer cell population models of different sizes were constructed, and phase space files of secondary electrons generated by photons with different initial energies were obtained using the MC software -- PHITS. The overall average dose caused by the secondary electron phase space files in the region of interest and their microdosimetric distribution within cells were calculated and compared with the results caused by the initial photons under the same geometric conditions. The results showed that the adoption of secondary electron phase space files had almost no impact on the evaluation of macroscopic average dose, with deviations lower than 3% compared to the overall dose caused by the initial photons in the Petri dish. For microdosimetric distributions of the voxel-type model and the two different morphologies of mesh-type cell models, with a macroscopic accumulated dose of 1 mGy, the relative deviation of the cell dose distribution generated by the initial photons and the phase space files was below 10% and the total computation time of phase space files was below 2% of initial photon's. For accumulated doses of 10, 50, and 100 mGy, the relative deviation of the cell nucleus specific energy obtained by secondary electrons and initial photons was greater than 10%. As the size of the culture dish increased, the differences in cell dose distributions also increased, with the root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation () of dose distributions both exceeding 30%. In conclusion, this study assessed the effectiveness of the secondary calculation method utilizing phase space files for dose evaluation at the cellular scale. This research offers essential technical support and theoretical foundations for the utilization of this approach in microdosimetric investigations at the cellular level.
相空间文件可以存储用蒙特卡罗(MC)方法模拟的辐射粒子的一个或多个平面的粒子信息。基于相空间文件的二次计算方法通常用于提高 MC 模拟的效率。然而,相空间文件是否适用于微剂量测定评估仍不清楚。本研究构建了不同大小的体素型和网格型单层细胞群模型,并利用 MC 软件 PHITS 获得了不同初始能量的光子产生的二次电子的相空间文件。计算了二次电子相空间文件在相关区域造成的总平均剂量及其在细胞内的微剂量分布,并与相同几何条件下初始光子造成的结果进行了比较。结果表明,采用二次电子相空间文件对宏观平均剂量的评估几乎没有影响,与培养皿中初始光子造成的总剂量相比,偏差低于3%。对于体细胞模型和两种不同形态的网状细胞模型的微观模拟分布,在宏观累积剂量为1 mGy时,初始光子和相空间文件产生的细胞剂量分布的相对偏差低于10%,相空间文件的总计算时间低于初始光子的2%。在累积剂量为 10、50 和 100 mGy 时,二次电子和初始光子获得的细胞核比能量的相对偏差大于 10%。随着培养皿尺寸的增大,细胞剂量分布的差异也在增大,剂量分布的均方根误差(RMSE)和变异系数(Cv)都超过了 30%。总之,本研究评估了利用相空间文件进行细胞尺度剂量评估的二次计算方法的有效性。这项研究为在细胞级微剂量测定研究中使用这种方法提供了重要的技术支持和理论基础。
{"title":"Application of phase space file secondary computation method in cell dose distribution","authors":"Jiahao Guo , Xinlei Li , Yidi Wang, Han Gao, Xianghui Kong, Tao Wu, Xinjie Wang, Kaijin Yan, WenYue Zhang, YuChen Yin, Jianping Cao, Yang Jiao, Liang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase space files can store the particle information in one or more planes of radiation particles simulated by the Monte Carlo (MC) method. The secondary calculation method based on phase space files is commonly used to improve the efficiency of MC simulations. However, it is still unclear whether phase space files are applicable for microdosimetric evaluations. In this study, voxel-type and mesh-type monolayer cell population models of different sizes were constructed, and phase space files of secondary electrons generated by photons with different initial energies were obtained using the MC software -- PHITS. The overall average dose caused by the secondary electron phase space files in the region of interest and their microdosimetric distribution within cells were calculated and compared with the results caused by the initial photons under the same geometric conditions. The results showed that the adoption of secondary electron phase space files had almost no impact on the evaluation of macroscopic average dose, with deviations lower than 3% compared to the overall dose caused by the initial photons in the Petri dish. For microdosimetric distributions of the voxel-type model and the two different morphologies of mesh-type cell models, with a macroscopic accumulated dose of 1 mGy, the relative deviation of the cell dose distribution generated by the initial photons and the phase space files was below 10% and the total computation time of phase space files was below 2% of initial photon's. For accumulated doses of 10, 50, and 100 mGy, the relative deviation of the cell nucleus specific energy obtained by secondary electrons and initial photons was greater than 10%. As the size of the culture dish increased, the differences in cell dose distributions also increased, with the root mean square error (<em>RMSE</em>) and coefficient of variation (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) of dose distributions both exceeding 30%. In conclusion, this study assessed the effectiveness of the secondary calculation method utilizing phase space files for dose evaluation at the cellular scale. This research offers essential technical support and theoretical foundations for the utilization of this approach in microdosimetric investigations at the cellular level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112300
Samer I. Awad , Khalid A. Rabaeh , Akram A. Almousa , Md A. Al Kafi , Ihssan S. Masad , Belal Moftah
Dosimetry tools play a crucial role in radiotherapy as they are essential for recording and validating intricate 3-D dose distributions. This research introduces and examines a novel acrylic acid polymer hydrogel (ACAPHG) dosimeter composition designed for 3-D dose verification and quality assurance in the context of radiotherapy treatment. A phantom made of an 80 mm diameter cylindrical glass container was utilized. The phantom contained the hydrogel, which served as the medium for radiation exposure. The water equivalent hydrogel within the phantom was subjected to irradiation by a CyberKnife robotic radiotherapy system. An optical computed tomography (OCT) scanner with sub-millimeter resolution was used to obtain imaging data. The dose distribution of a CyberKnife robotic SRS/SBRT treatment plan for a brain cancer patient was compared to that of the hydrogel's OCT scan using 2-D and 3-D gamma analysis with a criterion of 3% dose difference and 3 mm distance-to-agreement. A gamma pass rate of 94.1% for the 2-D gamma analysis and a pass rate of 99% for the 3-D gamma analysis were calculated within the region at which the treatment planning system data drops to 20% of the maximum dose. The use of the ACAPHG dosimeter in conjunction with the described setup suggests that it has the potential to offer an accurate 3-D verification of complex dose distributions in SRS/SBRT radiotherapy treatments. By employing the ACAPHG dosimeter and utilizing OCT scanning, this dosimeter enables the assessment and validation of intricate dose distributions in these advanced radiotherapy treatments.
{"title":"Utilizing acrylic acid polymer hydrogel for 3-D quality assurance in CyberKnife radiotherapy","authors":"Samer I. Awad , Khalid A. Rabaeh , Akram A. Almousa , Md A. Al Kafi , Ihssan S. Masad , Belal Moftah","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dosimetry tools play a crucial role in radiotherapy as they are essential for recording and validating intricate 3-D dose distributions. This research introduces and examines a novel acrylic acid polymer hydrogel (ACAPHG) dosimeter composition designed for 3-D dose verification and quality assurance in the context of radiotherapy treatment. A phantom made of an 80 mm diameter cylindrical glass container was utilized. The phantom contained the hydrogel, which served as the medium for radiation exposure. The water equivalent hydrogel within the phantom was subjected to irradiation by a CyberKnife robotic radiotherapy system. An optical computed tomography (OCT) scanner with sub-millimeter resolution was used to obtain imaging data. The dose distribution of a CyberKnife robotic SRS/SBRT treatment plan for a brain cancer patient was compared to that of the hydrogel's OCT scan using 2-D and 3-D gamma analysis with a criterion of 3% dose difference and 3 mm distance-to-agreement. A gamma pass rate of 94.1% for the 2-D gamma analysis and a pass rate of 99% for the 3-D gamma analysis were calculated within the region at which the treatment planning system data drops to 20% of the maximum dose. The use of the ACAPHG dosimeter in conjunction with the described setup suggests that it has the potential to offer an accurate 3-D verification of complex dose distributions in SRS/SBRT radiotherapy treatments. By employing the ACAPHG dosimeter and utilizing OCT scanning, this dosimeter enables the assessment and validation of intricate dose distributions in these advanced radiotherapy treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}