Regenerative Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Platelet-Rich Plasma research ecosystem: From mechanistic insights to precision treatment in knee osteoarthritis","authors":"Isabel Andia ,&nbsp;Alain Silvestre ,&nbsp;Cristina Del Amo ,&nbsp;Florent Eymard ,&nbsp;Hervé Bard","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is now one of the most widely used orthobiologics in musculoskeletal medicine, with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) as its main indication. PRP represents a spectrum of autologous preparations with differing cellular and protein content. In this narrative review, we frame current knowledge as a “research ecosystem” spanning mechanistic biology, product characterization, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses, methodological evaluations, expert consensus, and precision medicine. We highlight the diverse biological roles of PRP components, including the immunomodulatory activity of platelets, the dual regenerative and inflammatory effects of leukocytes, and emerging neutrophil–macrophage crosstalk. Advances in classification systems and deep learning–based quality control are also discussed. Across RCTs, PRP generally outperforms corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid in early to moderate KOA, with benefits lasting several months to a year. Methodological evaluation adds nuance: fragility index analysis confirmed PRP's advantage but showed individual trials were only modestly robust, while spin in systematic reviews often overstated benefits, underscoring the need for more rigorous RCTs and transparent reporting. Leukocyte and platelet concentrations do not explain outcomes, highlighting the importance of patient-specific factors such as metabolic status, inflammation, and structural phenotype. Progress remains hampered by inconsistent reporting, lack of a standardized classification system, and inadequate stratification. We propose a roadmap linking product characterization, standardized reporting, precision patient selection, and objective outcome measures, aiming to shift PRP from a generic injection toward a tailored regenerative therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 1036-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome-based profiles of airborne bacteria to support microbial risk assessment in cleanroom environments","authors":"Mitsuru Mizuno ,&nbsp;Yusuke Ogata ,&nbsp;Yuto Nishihara ,&nbsp;Miwako Nishio ,&nbsp;Hisako Katano ,&nbsp;Ichiro Sekiya","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Maintaining aseptic conditions is essential for cell product processing, as sterilization cannot be applied to living cells. Conventional environmental monitoring relies on particle counts and culture-based colony-forming unit measurements. These indicators fail to capture much of the diversity and provenance of airborne microbes because many taxa are nonculturable or require growth conditions not supported by standard culture media. Therefore, comprehensive DNA-based microbiome analysis is critical for evaluating microbial risks that conventional methods may overlook; however, such studies remain limited in cleanroom settings. This study aimed to comprehensively visualize the structure of airborne microbial communities in cleanroom environments and clarify microbial risks that cannot be fully captured by particle counts or culture-based methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected airborne bacterial DNA from cleanrooms with environmental Grades B, C, and D using a high-volume air sampler. The DNA was extracted and analyzed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing targeting the V3–V4 regions. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using the QIIME2 pipeline, and microbial diversity was assessed using alpha and beta diversity indices. Abundant taxa were categorized based on their likely origin (environment- or skin-derived), and their distributions were examined in relation to facility management practices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis revealed the consistent detection of skin-associated bacteria, such as <em>Cutibacterium</em> and <em>Corynebacterium</em>, and environmental bacteria, including <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Paracoccus</em>, across all cleanroom grades. Alpha- and beta-diversities exhibited no significant differences among the grades. However, temporary and irregular increases in skin-derived bacteria indicated operator-related non-persistent contamination. This interpretation was supported by skewness and kurtosis analyses, which indicated occasional but noticeable shifts in microbial abundance, particularly in high-grade cleanroom environments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates the limitations of conventional culture-based monitoring and underscores the value of DNA-based approaches for characterizing airborne microbial communities in cleanrooms. The detection of temporary increases in skin-associated bacteria indicates that operator-related contamination can occur even under stringent environmental conditions. These findings support the development of integrated monitoring strategies that can capture both the composition and temporal fluctuations of airborne microbiota to enhance microbial risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 991-998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood derivatives as monotherapy and combination therapy: A promising strategy for wound healing","authors":"Majid Zamani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Masumzadeh ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mohammadi Hosn ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Pouladkhay","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wound healing is a highly orchestrated biological process, and any disruption or delay in its progression can result in the formation of chronic wounds. Such conditions impose a considerable clinical and socioeconomic burden on both patients and healthcare systems. Over the years, numerous therapeutic strategies have been investigated to promote tissue repair, with varying degrees of success. Among these, blood-derived products have emerged as a focal point of interest, owing to their regenerative potential and bioactive composition. Preparations including platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, platelet lysates, and autologous conditioned serum have demonstrated the capacity to enhance healing through the delivery of concentrated growth factors and cytokines. Each derivative possesses distinct advantages and limitations determined by its cellular content, biomolecular profile, and method of preparation. Most commonly presented in liquid or gel form, these products can be applied to diverse wound types and tailored to specific treatment protocols. Their use may be autologous or allogeneic, and they can be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities to achieve synergistic effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics, preparation techniques, biochemical composition, and clinical efficacy of various blood derivatives, underscoring their value either as standalone interventions or as part of multimodal regimens in advancing wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 999-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative effects of PRP-impregnated collagen-gelatin sponge in a full-thickness skin defect model","authors":"Hajime Matsumine,&nbsp;Hiroshi Fujimaki,&nbsp;Yuuki Hasegawa,&nbsp;Yosuke Niimi,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Sakurai","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Artificial dermis is an essential biomaterial for reconstructing full-thickness skin defects. Pelnac G Plus® is a collagen-gelatin sponge (CGS) that can be impregnated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), offering sustained release and proven clinical efficacy. However, the off-label use of bFGF by impregnation remains restricted under current pharmaceutical regulations in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the wound healing potential of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an alternative bioactive substance when impregnated into CGS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Full-thickness skin defect models were created in nude rats and treated with artificial dermis alone (CGS group), artificial dermis + PRP (CGS + PRP group), or artificial dermis + bFGF (CGS + FGF group). <strong>Wounds were evaluated on postoperative day 14.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On postoperative day 14, the CGS + PRP group exhibited significantly greater collagen thickness and vascular density than the CGS group. Furthermore, the CGS + PRP group showed a smaller wound area than the CGS + FGF group <strong>(20.9</strong> ± <strong>14.3 mm² vs. 51.5</strong> ± <strong>18.0 mm², p &lt; 0.001).</strong> The CGS + PRP group also demonstrated higher α-SMA expression compared to the CGS + FGF group (36.6 % ± 4.3 % vs. 23.9 % ± 8.1 %, p &lt; 0.001), and immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher expression of VEGF and α-SMA, suggesting enhanced angiogenesis and fibroblast activity. PRP preserved the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA, supporting balanced tissue regeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that bFGF and PRP exert distinct effects on wound healing in a secondary-intention model. bFGF effectively promoted dermis-like granulation tissue regeneration without accelerating contraction, supporting its use in anatomical sites where scar contracture must be avoided. In contrast, PRP enhanced wound contraction and ulcer area reduction, suggesting clinical utility in non-healing ulcers where delayed secondary healing is a major concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 984-990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium-based alloys for bone regeneration and beyond: A review of advances and therapeutic prospects","authors":"Lu-Hang Xu ,&nbsp;Li-Tian Ye ,&nbsp;Jia-Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Xuan Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have gained significant attention as next-generation biodegradable biomaterials due to their bone-mimetic mechanical properties (elastic modulus: 35–45 GPa), biocompatibility, and ability to degrade in vivo without toxic byproducts.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review systematically evaluates recent advances in Mg-based alloys for biomedical applications, focusing on orthopedic implants, cardiovascular stents, and drug delivery systems, while identifying current challenges and future research directions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a comprehensive literature analysis of peer-reviewed studies (2019–2024) examining Mg alloy development, surface modification techniques, in vitro/in vivo performance, and clinical trial outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Key findings include: (1) Alloying innovations, particularly with rare-earth elements (e.g., in WE43) and nutrient elements (Zn, Ca), have yielded alloys with bone-mimetic mechanical properties (elastic modulus: 35–45 GPa; compressive yield strength: 150–250 MPa) and decelerated degradation rates via grain refinement and secondary phase formation; (2) Surface-modified Mg stents show improved endothelialization with 30–50 % reduced restenosis rates (3) Structurally engineered Mg-based scaffolds (e.g., via additive manufacturing); enable topological control over degradation through tailored porosity; (4) Drug-eluting Mg carriers achieve sustained release kinetics, leveraging degradation to simultaneously promote tissue regeneration and deliver therapeutics. However, rapid degradation (0.2–0.5 mm/year in physiological conditions) and hydrogen gas evolution remain critical challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mg-based alloys show transformative potential for temporary medical implants. Future research should focus on: (1) advanced alloy design with rare-earth elements, (2) smart coating technologies, and (3) standardized long-term biocompatibility assessments to facilitate clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 977-983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective evaluation of platelet-rich plasma mesotherapy on facial skin quality: An interim split-face analysis using an advanced imaging system","authors":"Masashi Umeda,&nbsp;Takahiko Tamura,&nbsp;Kohki Okumura,&nbsp;Reiko Kiuchi,&nbsp;Hiroo Teranishi","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is rich in growth factors, is widely used in aesthetic medicine to improve facial skin quality. However, its efficacy has been largely supported by subjective evaluations and case reports; objective and quantitative evidence remains limited. This study aimed to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the effects of PRP mesotherapy on facial skin quality, using a validated image analysis system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine healthy adults (six females and three males; median age, 34 years) employed at the Tokyo Chuo Beauty Clinic were enrolled in this study. A split-face design was used, with PRP injected into the left hemiface and saline injected into the right hemiface under identical conditions (5 mL each). Facial images were obtained at baseline, two weeks, and one month using the NeoVoir system, which automatically identifies ten facial regions and extracts multiple quantitative skin parameters. The percentage change from baseline was compared between the sides.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The primary endpoint, the gloss area at one month, showed a significantly greater increase on the PRP-treated side than on the saline-treated side (median difference, 16.3 %; p = 0.0039). At two weeks, the gloss also improved more on the PRP side, although the difference was not significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Pore scores showed a greater reduction on the PRP side at one month (median difference, −17.6 %; p = 0.0039), but this result did not remain statistically significant after FDR adjustment (q = 0.0663). No significant differences were observed in wrinkle area, melanin content, or pigmentation indices. No serious adverse events occurred; only transient, mild local reactions such as redness and swelling were noted on both sides.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides novel objective evidence that PRP mesotherapy significantly improves facial gloss, a key feature of healthy young skin. An exploratory trend toward pore reduction was also observed, although mechanistic interpretations remain hypothesized owing to the absence of biophysical and structural measurements. Moving beyond subjective assessments, these findings support the potential of PRP for enhancing facial brightness, smoothness, and overall skin quality. Further studies with larger cohorts, extended follow-ups, and multimodal evaluations are warranted to validate and expand upon these preliminary results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 969-976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfated hyaluronic acid for wound repair: Mechanisms, materials, and translational challenges","authors":"Min Lin ,&nbsp;Danni Zhou ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Chen ,&nbsp;Hankang Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Guizhi Zhu ,&nbsp;Kailei Xu ,&nbsp;Peng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfated hyaluronic acid (sHA) is emerging as a promising biomaterial for advanced wound dressings because it combines the intrinsic biocompatibility and extracellular matrix (ECM)-like hydration of hyaluronic acid (HA) with added chemical functionality that enhances stability and bioactivity. Chronic wounds, particularly diabetic ulcer, —remain a major clinical challenge due to persistent inflammation, protease/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-rich microenvironments, impaired angiogenesis, and poor growth-factor retention; native HA is limited by rapid enzymatic degradation, low protein affinity, and potentially pro-inflammatory low-molecular fragments, motivating strategies to introduce sulfate groups onto HA to tune its interactions with cells and proteins. In this review, we performed a comprehensive literature review of the biological functions and applications of sHA in wound healing. Key results demonstrate that sHA significantly enhances anti-inflammatory responses, promotes sustained release of cationic therapeutics, improves angiogenesis, and reduces fibrosis. Furthermore, sHA-functionalized hydrogels accelerate diabetic wound healing by modulating macrophage polarization, enhancing re-epithelialization, and supporting vascularization. In further, we also offered a practical roadmap for researchers and clinicians to rationally design next-generation sHA-based dressings with improved reproducibility, controlled release, and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 956-968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sevoflurane suppresses LPS-induced microglia injury by regulating USP11-mediated UHRF1 deubiquitination","authors":"Dongzhi Liu,&nbsp;Chengliang Sun,&nbsp;Xiuli Zhang,&nbsp;Shunheng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological and pathological condition that leads to severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions. The neuroprotective effect of Sevoflurane (Sevo) in the rat model of SCI has been reported. However, the mechanism of Sevo is still elusive.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>24 rats were divided into four groups: sham group, sham + Sevo group, SCI group, and SCI + Sevo group. On days 0, 14, 28, and 42 post-SCI, functional recovery was evaluated using the BBB test. The histological changes in the spinal cord were observed by HE staining. Western blotting, ELISA, and corresponding kits were used to detect the effects of Sevo on apoptosis, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress. Human microglia HMC3 were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the <em>in vitro</em> environment of SCI. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11) and ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), and Bcl-2 related X protein (BAX) protein levels were determined using Western blot. Cell apoptosis, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 levels were assessed using flow cytometry and ELISA. malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) products were examined using special assay kits. After Ubibrowser prediction, GO enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, the interaction between USP11 and UHRF1 was verified using Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sevo treatment improved spinal cord functional recovery in rats, as evidenced by enhanced BBB locomotor rating scale and neuron death <em>in vivo.</em> Meanwhile, Sevo also reduced inflammation and oxidative damage in rats following SCI. Sevo exposure decreased USP11 and UHRF1 expression in LPS-treated HMC3 cells. Sevo repressed LPS-triggered HMC3 cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress promotion by regulating USP11. At the molecular level, USP11 interacted with UHRF1 and maintained its stabilization by removing ubiquitin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sevo could protect LPS-induced HMC3 cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress by regulating the USP11/UHRF1 axis, which might provide a novel therapeutic mechanism for Sevo in SCI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 946-955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting ER stress-mediated apoptosis by MSC-derived exosomes: A novel therapeutic strategy against pulmonary fibrosis","authors":"Ruixi Luo,&nbsp;Yaqiong Wei,&nbsp;La Wang,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Didong Lou,&nbsp;Weiyi Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is marked by a gradual decline in pulmonary function over time and is associated with a grim prognosis. In the pathogenesis of IPF, persistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a significant role in promoting fibrosis through pathways involving apoptosis. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Ex) have shown promise in mitigating pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting apoptosis. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. In our previous findings, we demonstrated that MSCs alleviate pulmonary fibrosis by regulating ER stress. Building upon this, we sought to investigate whether MSC-Ex could mitigate alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis through the ER stress pathway. We posited that targeting ER stress could represent a crucial mechanism by which MSC-Ex alleviate apoptosis in IPF models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><div>In this study, bleomycin (BLM) induced apoptosis in A549 cells, and MSC-Ex treatment reduced apoptotic cells and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. ER stress is involved in BLM-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, and MSC-Ex reduced ER stress-related protein (Bip and CHOP) expression and reversed the morphological changes of the ER in A549 cells. Moreover, blockade of ER stress with ER stress inhibitor TUDCA contributed to the amelioration of apoptosis in A549 cells, indicating that MSC-Ex reduced BLM-induced apoptosis at least partly by modulating ER stress. <em>In vivo,</em> MSC-Ex injection decreased BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, as well as ER stress and apoptosis in the lung tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, ER stress induced apoptosis in BLM-treated A549 cells, and MSC-Ex treatment mitigated apoptosis via inhibiting ER stress. This study provides a novel mechanism for MSC-Ex-mediated protection on apoptosis in an IPF model and suggests that MSC-Ex could be a promising therapeutic strategy for IPF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 933-945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma in bone defect repair: Angiogenesis, inflammation modulation, and metabolic regulation","authors":"Junjie Chen ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Jiayang He ,&nbsp;Yuhao Wei ,&nbsp;Yuhan He ,&nbsp;Hang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiwen Weng ,&nbsp;Ming Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reth.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone defect is the loss of bone tissue due to trauma, fracture, infection, etc. This loss may lead to non-union of fracture, bone defect or bone deficiency, which seriously affects the patient's quality of life and even leads to dysfunction and disability. Although surgical repair is a common treatment modality, the surgical procedure is complicated, with a long postoperative recovery period and certain surgical risks, such as infection and bleeding. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as a novel therapeutic approach, has demonstrated remarkable potential in bone defect repair. PRP is rich in growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), etc., and can have a beneficial effect on bone defect repair through various mechanisms, such as the release of growth factors, the promotion of angiogenesis, the inhibition of inflammatory response, and the recruitment of activated cells and other mechanisms, which play a positive role in the repair of bone defects and provide strong support for the regeneration and repair of bone tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20895,"journal":{"name":"Regenerative Therapy","volume":"30 ","pages":"Pages 920-932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}