Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109270
Philipp Römer , Anna Wieland , Max C.A. Torbenson , Frederick Reinig , Emanuele Ziaco , Davide Frigo , Markus Greule , Otmar Urban , Josef Čáslavský , Natálie Pernicová , Miroslav Trnka , Marco Carrer , Ulf Büntgen , Frank Keppler , Jan Esper
Tree-ring stable isotopes and wood anatomical traits emerged as powerful proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions, providing information beyond traditional ring width and wood density chronologies. However, comprehensive comparisons of these state-of-the-art tree-ring proxies derived from the same trees have yet to be performed to identify and differentiate their full paleoclimatic skill. Here, we assess covariance and climate signals in tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cellulose stable carbon (δ13Cc) and oxygen (δ18Oc) isotopes, lignin methoxy carbon (δ13Cm) and hydrogen (δ2Hm) isotopes, radial cell lumen diameter (Drad), and radial and tangential cell wall thickness (CWTrad/CWTtan) of ten Bosnian pines (Pinus heldreichii) from a treeline site on Mt. Smolikas, Greece. Proxy cross-comparison over the period 1861–2020 CE reveals strong covariance between detrended δ13Cc and δ13Cm (r ≥ 0.81). δ13Cc and δ18Oc exhibit the highest inter-series correlations (r ≥ 0.61) among all proxies. δ13Cc, δ13Cm, δ18Oc, together with Drad, show considerable skill for reconstructing summer precipitation, whereas MXD and δ2Hm may be used for summer temperature reconstructions. Enhanced inter-series and hydroclimate correlations, along with a prolonged seasonality are significant advances of the isotopic and wood anatomical measurements compared to TRW. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating new isotopic, particularly δ13Cc, and xylem anatomical data into existing TRW networks to enhance our understanding of past hydroclimate variability and contextualize the recent aridification of the Mediterranean region.
{"title":"Covariance and climate signals among state-of-the-art tree-ring proxies","authors":"Philipp Römer , Anna Wieland , Max C.A. Torbenson , Frederick Reinig , Emanuele Ziaco , Davide Frigo , Markus Greule , Otmar Urban , Josef Čáslavský , Natálie Pernicová , Miroslav Trnka , Marco Carrer , Ulf Büntgen , Frank Keppler , Jan Esper","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tree-ring stable isotopes and wood anatomical traits emerged as powerful proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions, providing information beyond traditional ring width and wood density chronologies. However, comprehensive comparisons of these state-of-the-art tree-ring proxies derived from the same trees have yet to be performed to identify and differentiate their full paleoclimatic skill. Here, we assess covariance and climate signals in tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cellulose stable carbon (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>c</sub>) and oxygen (<em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>c</sub>) isotopes, lignin methoxy carbon (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>m</sub>) and hydrogen (<em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>m</sub>) isotopes, radial cell lumen diameter (D<sub>rad</sub>), and radial and tangential cell wall thickness (CWT<sub>rad</sub>/CWT<sub>tan</sub>) of ten Bosnian pines (<em>Pinus heldreichii</em>) from a treeline site on Mt. Smolikas, Greece. Proxy cross-comparison over the period 1861–2020 CE reveals strong covariance between detrended <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>c</sub> and <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>m</sub> (r ≥ 0.81). <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>c</sub> and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>c</sub> exhibit the highest inter-series correlations (r ≥ 0.61) among all proxies. <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>c</sub>, <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>m</sub>, <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>c</sub>, together with D<sub>rad</sub>, show considerable skill for reconstructing summer precipitation, whereas MXD and <em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>m</sub> may be used for summer temperature reconstructions. Enhanced inter-series and hydroclimate correlations, along with a prolonged seasonality are significant advances of the isotopic and wood anatomical measurements compared to TRW. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating new isotopic, particularly <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>c</sub>, and xylem anatomical data into existing TRW networks to enhance our understanding of past hydroclimate variability and contextualize the recent aridification of the Mediterranean region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 109270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109254
Niklas Kappelt , Raimund Muscheler , Mélanie Baroni , Juerg Beer , Marcus Christl , Christof Vockenhuber , Edouard Bard , ASTER Team , Eric Wolff
Extremely thinned layers and possible folding make the dating of the deepest sections of ice cores especially challenging. Cosmogenic radionuclides have the potential to provide independent age estimates. The 36Cl/10Be ratio is largely independent of production rate changes that affect individual radionuclides and has an effective half-life of 384 kyr, making it an ideal tool for dating the new 1.5 Myr old ice core that the Beyond EPICA Oldest Ice Core project aims to retrieve at Little Dome C in East Antarctica. However, the loss of 36Cl through hydrogen chloride outgassing at low accumulation sites complicates its application and the long-term decay of the 36Cl/10Be ratio in ice has not been studied. Here, we show that 36Cl is preserved in glacial periods and that the 36Cl/10Be ratio decreases more slowly than expected from physical decay over the last 900 kyr. While the glacial 36Cl flux decreases at the expected rate of physical decay within the uncertainty, the 10Be flux decreases faster, which may be linked to a post-depositional mobility of 10Be in deep ice and leads to the slower decrease of the 36Cl/10Be ratio. In addition to this long-term trend, the 36Cl/10Be ratio fluctuates around a fitted decay curve, which is likely caused by different climate sensitivities of the transport and deposition pathways of the individual radionuclides. Both effects need to be better understood and quantified to improve age estimates based on the 36Cl/10Be ratio.
{"title":"Ice core dating with the 36Cl/10Be ratio","authors":"Niklas Kappelt , Raimund Muscheler , Mélanie Baroni , Juerg Beer , Marcus Christl , Christof Vockenhuber , Edouard Bard , ASTER Team , Eric Wolff","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extremely thinned layers and possible folding make the dating of the deepest sections of ice cores especially challenging. Cosmogenic radionuclides have the potential to provide independent age estimates. The <sup>36</sup>Cl/<sup>10</sup>Be ratio is largely independent of production rate changes that affect individual radionuclides and has an effective half-life of 384 kyr, making it an ideal tool for dating the new 1.5 Myr old ice core that the Beyond EPICA Oldest Ice Core project aims to retrieve at Little Dome C in East Antarctica. However, the loss of <sup>36</sup>Cl through hydrogen chloride outgassing at low accumulation sites complicates its application and the long-term decay of the <sup>36</sup>Cl/<sup>10</sup>Be ratio in ice has not been studied. Here, we show that <sup>36</sup>Cl is preserved in glacial periods and that the <sup>36</sup>Cl/<sup>10</sup>Be ratio decreases more slowly than expected from physical decay over the last 900 kyr. While the glacial <sup>36</sup>Cl flux decreases at the expected rate of physical decay within the uncertainty, the <sup>10</sup>Be flux decreases faster, which may be linked to a post-depositional mobility of <sup>10</sup>Be in deep ice and leads to the slower decrease of the <sup>36</sup>Cl/<sup>10</sup>Be ratio. In addition to this long-term trend, the <sup>36</sup>Cl/<sup>10</sup>Be ratio fluctuates around a fitted decay curve, which is likely caused by different climate sensitivities of the transport and deposition pathways of the individual radionuclides. Both effects need to be better understood and quantified to improve age estimates based on the <sup>36</sup>Cl/<sup>10</sup>Be ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 109254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109251
Qingchao Wang , Jianjun Zou , Xuguang Feng , Yingchun Cui , Ruxi Dou , Zhi Dong , Aimei Zhu , Liangcong Fang , Yanguang Liu , Kunshan Wang , Yonghua Wu , Sergey A. Gorbarenko , Yuriy P. Vasilenko , Aleksandr A. Bosin , Xuefa Shi
Gaining insight into sedimentary fluxes provides a robust foundation for understanding the transport, deposition, and burial of terrestrial materials and other related substances at continental margins. The complex land-sea interactions and ocean dynamics have shaped the distinct sedimentary features of the Sea of Okhotsk across its spatial extent. However, our understanding of the evolutionary processes and the driving mechanisms of sedimentary fluxes in the Sea of Okhotsk during the late Quaternary remains elusive. Here, high-resolution sedimentological and elemental geochemical analyses of core LV87-55-1, retrieved from the central Sea of Okhotsk were selected to investigate sedimentary fluxes and paleoenvironmental history of this sea since 30 ka BP. The results indicate that the fluxes of detrital sediments were elevated during the last glacial period (30–14.7 ka BP), dominated by fine-grained detrital sediments sourced from Siberian mainland. During the last deglaciation and early to middle Holocene (14.7–4.2 ka BP), sedimentary fluxes decreased, and detrital sediments consisted of a mixture of sediments from the Siberian mainland, the Amur River, and Sakhalin Island. During the late Holocene (<4.2 ka BP), the sedimentary fluxes reached their lowest level, while sediments were dominated by coarse-grained fractions from Sakhalin Island and the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt. Combined with a compilation of published data from 10 cores, we found distinct spatial variations in sedimentary fluxes across the Sea of Okhotsk. The sedimentary fluxes were high in the central and southern Sea of Okhotsk during the last glacial period and decreased since the last deglaciation, in contrast to the northern part, where the trend was reversed. Sea ice is the main environmental factor driving changes in sedimentary fluxes and detrital provenance, while sediment composition is also reworked by bottom current activity. We suggest that variations in sedimentary fluxes and sediment characteristics in the Sea of Okhotsk result from interactions between sea ice, bottom currents, river discharge, and sea level changes, which are in turn controlled by northern high-latitude insolation, atmospheric circulation and global ice volume changes.
{"title":"Spatial variations in sedimentary fluxes and paleoenvironment in the Sea of Okhotsk over the last 30 kyr","authors":"Qingchao Wang , Jianjun Zou , Xuguang Feng , Yingchun Cui , Ruxi Dou , Zhi Dong , Aimei Zhu , Liangcong Fang , Yanguang Liu , Kunshan Wang , Yonghua Wu , Sergey A. Gorbarenko , Yuriy P. Vasilenko , Aleksandr A. Bosin , Xuefa Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaining insight into sedimentary fluxes provides a robust foundation for understanding the transport, deposition, and burial of terrestrial materials and other related substances at continental margins. The complex land-sea interactions and ocean dynamics have shaped the distinct sedimentary features of the Sea of Okhotsk across its spatial extent. However, our understanding of the evolutionary processes and the driving mechanisms of sedimentary fluxes in the Sea of Okhotsk during the late Quaternary remains elusive. Here, high-resolution sedimentological and elemental geochemical analyses of core LV87-55-1, retrieved from the central Sea of Okhotsk were selected to investigate sedimentary fluxes and paleoenvironmental history of this sea since 30 ka BP. The results indicate that the fluxes of detrital sediments were elevated during the last glacial period (30–14.7 ka BP), dominated by fine-grained detrital sediments sourced from Siberian mainland. During the last deglaciation and early to middle Holocene (14.7–4.2 ka BP), sedimentary fluxes decreased, and detrital sediments consisted of a mixture of sediments from the Siberian mainland, the Amur River, and Sakhalin Island. During the late Holocene (<4.2 ka BP), the sedimentary fluxes reached their lowest level, while sediments were dominated by coarse-grained fractions from Sakhalin Island and the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt. Combined with a compilation of published data from 10 cores, we found distinct spatial variations in sedimentary fluxes across the Sea of Okhotsk. The sedimentary fluxes were high in the central and southern Sea of Okhotsk during the last glacial period and decreased since the last deglaciation, in contrast to the northern part, where the trend was reversed. Sea ice is the main environmental factor driving changes in sedimentary fluxes and detrital provenance, while sediment composition is also reworked by bottom current activity. We suggest that variations in sedimentary fluxes and sediment characteristics in the Sea of Okhotsk result from interactions between sea ice, bottom currents, river discharge, and sea level changes, which are in turn controlled by northern high-latitude insolation, atmospheric circulation and global ice volume changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 109251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109268
Wei Jia , Yan Yang , Hai Cheng , Tingyong Li , Jingyao Zhao , Shaoneng He , Guangxin Liu , Xiao Liu , Lidan Lei , Mingyang Li , R. Lawrence Edwards
As a potential analogue of the present interglacial, the Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9) can help predict anthropogenically induced warm climates. However, limited attention and scarce paleoclimate archives have constrained our comprehension of large climate systems like the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) during this period. To better understand the ASM variability in MIS 9, we examined a precisely dated and highly resolved multi–proxy stalagmite record (SMY–1) (spanning from 333.4 to 268.1 kyr B.P.) from Shuiming Cave in southwest China. Its δ18O reveals three warm substages (MIS 9a, 9c, and 9e) and two cold substages (MIS 9b and 9d), following the high–northern–latitude insolation and interhemispheric insolation gradients, underscoring a key role of orbital forcing and low–latitude hydrological changes on ASM variabilities. Regional hydroclimate conditions recorded by its δ13C and trace element ratios (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca) respond to the ASM intensity on millennial scales. Increased ASM precipitation led to higher soil microbial activity and vegetation density, reducing the prior calcite precipitation effect and the water–rock interaction duration. Furthermore, we identified two–step increases in δ18O and trace element ratios during the MIS 9/8 transition, coinciding with two pulses of ice–rafted debris events and the gradual decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Similar change patterns of δ18O between MIS 9 and MIS 3, alongside identified Chinese Interstadials 18–25, demonstrate that universal millennial–scale climate oscillations in the North Atlantic during Late Pleistocene climate cycles influenced variations in ASM via ocean–atmospheric reorganizations. Interestingly, the comparatively lower amplitude of SMY–1 δ18O variation between the antepenultimate deglaciation and the MIS 9e interglacial contradicts findings from other Chinese stalagmites. This spatial heterogeneity reflects the combined influence of regional–scale moisture sources and isotopic fractionation process along pathways on Chinese stalagmite δ18O records.
{"title":"Hydroclimate variability in southwest China during Marine Isotope Stage 9: Insights from multi–proxy stalagmite records","authors":"Wei Jia , Yan Yang , Hai Cheng , Tingyong Li , Jingyao Zhao , Shaoneng He , Guangxin Liu , Xiao Liu , Lidan Lei , Mingyang Li , R. Lawrence Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a potential analogue of the present interglacial, the Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9) can help predict anthropogenically induced warm climates. However, limited attention and scarce paleoclimate archives have constrained our comprehension of large climate systems like the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) during this period. To better understand the ASM variability in MIS 9, we examined a precisely dated and highly resolved multi–proxy stalagmite record (SMY–1) (spanning from 333.4 to 268.1 kyr B.P.) from Shuiming Cave in southwest China. Its δ<sup>18</sup>O reveals three warm substages (MIS 9a, 9c, and 9e) and two cold substages (MIS 9b and 9d), following the high–northern–latitude insolation and interhemispheric insolation gradients, underscoring a key role of orbital forcing and low–latitude hydrological changes on ASM variabilities. Regional hydroclimate conditions recorded by its δ<sup>13</sup>C and trace element ratios (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca) respond to the ASM intensity on millennial scales. Increased ASM precipitation led to higher soil microbial activity and vegetation density, reducing the prior calcite precipitation effect and the water–rock interaction duration. Furthermore, we identified two–step increases in δ<sup>18</sup>O and trace element ratios during the MIS 9/8 transition, coinciding with two pulses of ice–rafted debris events and the gradual decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Similar change patterns of δ<sup>18</sup>O between MIS 9 and MIS 3, alongside identified Chinese Interstadials 18–25, demonstrate that universal millennial–scale climate oscillations in the North Atlantic during Late Pleistocene climate cycles influenced variations in ASM via ocean–atmospheric reorganizations. Interestingly, the comparatively lower amplitude of SMY–1 δ<sup>18</sup>O variation between the antepenultimate deglaciation and the MIS 9e interglacial contradicts findings from other Chinese stalagmites. This spatial heterogeneity reflects the combined influence of regional–scale moisture sources and isotopic fractionation process along pathways on Chinese stalagmite δ<sup>18</sup>O records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 109268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109272
Tao Wang , Xiaozhong Huang , Jun Zhang , Ning Wang , Farqan Muhammad , Derui Luo , Lixiong Xiang , Chong Huang , Min Zheng , Haicheng Wei
Animal grazing is the primary livelihood of people on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), but the history of grazing activity on the QTP remains unclear. The QTP also served as a crucial area for exchanges between people at varying altitudes and latitudes. We analyzed fossil fungal spores from a sediment core retrieved from Muricuo Lake (elevation: 4020 m a.s.l) on the central-eastern QTP, spanning the past ∼9200 cal yr BP. Combining our findings with other coprophilous fungal spore data, along with paleoclimate and human activity records from the central-eastern QTP, we discuss the history and possible influencing factors of grazing activity on the central-eastern QTP during the middle to late Holocene. Grazing activity may have increased around ∼3600 cal yr BP in the Muricuo Lake area, likely driven by a general increase in movement of humans into the central-eastern QTP, as supported by the increase in fungal spores and charcoal records in Muricuo Lake. After ∼1400 cal yr BP, grazing activity intensified in parallel with increased trade exchanges.
{"title":"Dynamics of animal grazing intensity on the central-eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the middle-late Holocene","authors":"Tao Wang , Xiaozhong Huang , Jun Zhang , Ning Wang , Farqan Muhammad , Derui Luo , Lixiong Xiang , Chong Huang , Min Zheng , Haicheng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal grazing is the primary livelihood of people on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), but the history of grazing activity on the QTP remains unclear. The QTP also served as a crucial area for exchanges between people at varying altitudes and latitudes. We analyzed fossil fungal spores from a sediment core retrieved from Muricuo Lake (elevation: 4020 m a.s.l) on the central-eastern QTP, spanning the past ∼9200 cal yr BP. Combining our findings with other coprophilous fungal spore data, along with paleoclimate and human activity records from the central-eastern QTP, we discuss the history and possible influencing factors of grazing activity on the central-eastern QTP during the middle to late Holocene. Grazing activity may have increased around ∼3600 cal yr <span>BP</span> in the Muricuo Lake area, likely driven by a general increase in movement of humans into the central-eastern QTP, as supported by the increase in fungal spores and charcoal records in Muricuo Lake. After ∼1400 cal yr BP, grazing activity intensified in parallel with increased trade exchanges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 109272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109266
Ru Huang , Hong Yin , Haifeng Zhu , Eryuan Liang , Atta Ullah , Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier , Fayaz Asad , Achim Bräuning , Jussi Grießinger
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a critical component of the Earth's climate system, exhibiting high sensitivity to climate change. However, limited spatiotemporal coverage of meteorological observations hinders a comprehensive understanding of its long-term temperature variations. This study addresses this gap by presenting an August–September minimum temperature reconstruction for the southeastern TP since AD 1246, utilizing tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) as a proxy. Our reconstruction explains 42.3% of the variance observed in recent instrumental data. High consistency with published MXD chronologies from nearby regions validates the reconstruction's reliability. Furthermore, the comparison of our reconstruction with summer temperature field reconstructions suggests that those integrating diverse data sources—such as tree-ring width, density, and documentary evidence—through data assimilation techniques perform better in capturing pre-instrumental temperature variability in our study area. This highlights the importance of incorporating long tree-ring density data and other varied proxies into future data assimilation models for climate reconstructions. Additionally, large tropical volcanic eruptions exert a significant cooling effect, with reconstructed temperatures dropping by 0.33 °C and 0.37 °C in the eruption year and following year, respectively. Solar activity also appears to influence regional temperatures, with warm periods (AD 1720–1805 and AD, 1830–2008) generally coinciding with high solar activity and cold episodes (AD 1268–1344, AD 1429–1480, AD 1645–1715, and AD, 1806–1830) aligning with low solar activity. However, an exceptional cool period during strong solar activity (AD 1605–1638) suggests that other factors, such as volcanic eruptions, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation variability, might also be involved.
{"title":"A late summer temperature reconstruction based on tree-ring maximum latewood density since AD 1246 on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Ru Huang , Hong Yin , Haifeng Zhu , Eryuan Liang , Atta Ullah , Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier , Fayaz Asad , Achim Bräuning , Jussi Grießinger","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a critical component of the Earth's climate system, exhibiting high sensitivity to climate change. However, limited spatiotemporal coverage of meteorological observations hinders a comprehensive understanding of its long-term temperature variations. This study addresses this gap by presenting an August–September minimum temperature reconstruction for the southeastern TP since AD 1246, utilizing tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) as a proxy. Our reconstruction explains 42.3% of the variance observed in recent instrumental data. High consistency with published MXD chronologies from nearby regions validates the reconstruction's reliability. Furthermore, the comparison of our reconstruction with summer temperature field reconstructions suggests that those integrating diverse data sources—such as tree-ring width, density, and documentary evidence—through data assimilation techniques perform better in capturing pre-instrumental temperature variability in our study area. This highlights the importance of incorporating long tree-ring density data and other varied proxies into future data assimilation models for climate reconstructions. Additionally, large tropical volcanic eruptions exert a significant cooling effect, with reconstructed temperatures dropping by 0.33 °C and 0.37 °C in the eruption year and following year, respectively. Solar activity also appears to influence regional temperatures, with warm periods (AD 1720–1805 and AD, 1830–2008) generally coinciding with high solar activity and cold episodes (AD 1268–1344, AD 1429–1480, AD 1645–1715, and AD, 1806–1830) aligning with low solar activity. However, an exceptional cool period during strong solar activity (AD 1605–1638) suggests that other factors, such as volcanic eruptions, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation variability, might also be involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 109266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109252
Harikrishnan Guruvayoorappan , Dmitry V. Divine , Arto Miettinen , Rahul Mohan , Katrine Husum , Syed Mohammad Saalim , Lisa Claire Orme
The Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) is a significant warm period of the Holocene epoch, occurring between 11 and 6 ka BP. Here we present a multidecadal-to-centennial scale resolution diatom-based quantitative reconstruction of August Sea surface temperature (aSST) from Kongsfjorden, Svalbard for the regional HTM period between 10.5 and 7.5 ka BP. We find highly variable and moderately warm surface conditions with periods of colder aSST and/or seasonal sea ice presence. Based on the reconstruction, we infer that the variability of local surface conditions during HTM was mainly influenced by insolation and glacier/sea ice melt along with changes in the proximity of oceanic frontal zones, while influence of Atlantic Water at the surface was limited. The reconstructed aSST of 3.7 °C on average for the reconstructed part of the HTM period and 4.2 °C for its warmest interval between 10.5 and 10.1 ka BP are comparable within the method uncertainty to summer sea surface temperatures observed in the area today. We further present the evidence that the diatom assemblages are preserved in the sedimentary sequence for the first time in the record during the HTM and then re-emerge only in the core top sediments, suggesting some similarity in the environmental conditions in Kongsfjorden between the modern period and the HTM.
{"title":"Ocean surface conditions during Holocene Thermal Maximum in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, and its relevance for understanding modern warming in the region","authors":"Harikrishnan Guruvayoorappan , Dmitry V. Divine , Arto Miettinen , Rahul Mohan , Katrine Husum , Syed Mohammad Saalim , Lisa Claire Orme","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) is a significant warm period of the Holocene epoch, occurring between 11 and 6 ka BP. Here we present a multidecadal-to-centennial scale resolution diatom-based quantitative reconstruction of August Sea surface temperature (aSST) from Kongsfjorden, Svalbard for the regional HTM period between 10.5 and 7.5 ka BP. We find highly variable and moderately warm surface conditions with periods of colder aSST and/or seasonal sea ice presence. Based on the reconstruction, we infer that the variability of local surface conditions during HTM was mainly influenced by insolation and glacier/sea ice melt along with changes in the proximity of oceanic frontal zones, while influence of Atlantic Water at the surface was limited. The reconstructed aSST of 3.7 °C on average for the reconstructed part of the HTM period and 4.2 °C for its warmest interval between 10.5 and 10.1 ka BP are comparable within the method uncertainty to summer sea surface temperatures observed in the area today. We further present the evidence that the diatom assemblages are preserved in the sedimentary sequence for the first time in the record during the HTM and then re-emerge only in the core top sediments, suggesting some similarity in the environmental conditions in Kongsfjorden between the modern period and the HTM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 109252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109249
Xiaolong Chen , Yan Liu , Xiaoshuang Zhao , Shihao Liu , Ning Zhao , Xiaohe Lai , Jing Chen , Maotian Li , Qianli Sun
Rice cultivation and domestication are among the most transformative processes in human history, yet the internal driving forces behind these developments remain unclear. To address this, we integrated archaeological and palaeo-environmental data to develop a quantitative land-use model using an agent-based model (ABM). This model simulates human behavior and settlement development in the Yaojiang Valley on the east coast of China, a key region of the Neolithic Hemudu Culture with prolonged history of rice cultivation and domestication. We tested two scenarios: one with rice farming and one without. The results revealed that as population and settlements expanded, competition for resources intensified in both scenarios, leading to significant overlap in heavily utilized areas. However, rice cultivation provided additional and stable food sources, reduced the frequency, distance and risk associated with resource gathering, which in turn minimized competition among settlements and provided a strategic advantage for community survival. This strategy likely contributed to the emergence of smaller and more numerous settlements practicing rice farming during the late Hemudu period. Our research findings suggest that rice farming was adopted as a strategy to mitigate intra-settlement competition, underscoring the value of agent-based model in analyzing complex social-cultural dynamics.
{"title":"Rice farming mediated internal competition and reduced external risks during the Neolithic period","authors":"Xiaolong Chen , Yan Liu , Xiaoshuang Zhao , Shihao Liu , Ning Zhao , Xiaohe Lai , Jing Chen , Maotian Li , Qianli Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice cultivation and domestication are among the most transformative processes in human history, yet the internal driving forces behind these developments remain unclear. To address this, we integrated archaeological and palaeo-environmental data to develop a quantitative land-use model using an agent-based model (ABM). This model simulates human behavior and settlement development in the Yaojiang Valley on the east coast of China, a key region of the Neolithic Hemudu Culture with prolonged history of rice cultivation and domestication. We tested two scenarios: one with rice farming and one without. The results revealed that as population and settlements expanded, competition for resources intensified in both scenarios, leading to significant overlap in heavily utilized areas. However, rice cultivation provided additional and stable food sources, reduced the frequency, distance and risk associated with resource gathering, which in turn minimized competition among settlements and provided a strategic advantage for community survival. This strategy likely contributed to the emergence of smaller and more numerous settlements practicing rice farming during the late Hemudu period. Our research findings suggest that rice farming was adopted as a strategy to mitigate intra-settlement competition, underscoring the value of agent-based model in analyzing complex social-cultural dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 109249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109267
Jinzhe Zhang , Qing Yan
High Mountain Asia (HMA) was experiencing rapid climate change and significant glacier shrinkage in recent three decades, which has profound environmental and socioeconomic impacts on Asia. To better decipher the climate-glacier interaction, we examine climate change and the associated response of the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) over HMA during the Last Interglacial (LIG), often viewed as a potential analogue for future warming world. Based on the bias-corrected model outputs from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 4, we illustrate an overall warmer/wetter state over HMA in summer but colder/drier conditions in winter during the LIG relative to the preindustrial. In response to the modeled climate change, the ELA rises by ∼466 ± 124 m on average across HMA during the LIG relative to the preindustrial, with more intense increase in the northern parts. Moreover, our sensitivity analysis shows that air temperature change dominates the variation of ELA during the LIG, and climate change during the summer season plays the most important role compared with the other seasons. Additionally, we demonstrate that the modeled ELA change could be largely biased if the seasonality effect is not considered. Despite the lack of glacier deposits/sediments for the LIG, the elevated ELA is in accordance with the reconstructed summer warming and expanded ancient lakes. Our results may improve the understanding of glacier behavior over HMA during the LIG and shed light on glacier response to future warming.
{"title":"Elevated equilibrium line altitude over High Mountain Asia during the Last Interglacial","authors":"Jinzhe Zhang , Qing Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High Mountain Asia (HMA) was experiencing rapid climate change and significant glacier shrinkage in recent three decades, which has profound environmental and socioeconomic impacts on Asia. To better decipher the climate-glacier interaction, we examine climate change and the associated response of the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) over HMA during the Last Interglacial (LIG), often viewed as a potential analogue for future warming world. Based on the bias-corrected model outputs from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 4, we illustrate an overall warmer/wetter state over HMA in summer but colder/drier conditions in winter during the LIG relative to the preindustrial. In response to the modeled climate change, the ELA rises by ∼466 ± 124 m on average across HMA during the LIG relative to the preindustrial, with more intense increase in the northern parts. Moreover, our sensitivity analysis shows that air temperature change dominates the variation of ELA during the LIG, and climate change during the summer season plays the most important role compared with the other seasons. Additionally, we demonstrate that the modeled ELA change could be largely biased if the seasonality effect is not considered. Despite the lack of glacier deposits/sediments for the LIG, the elevated ELA is in accordance with the reconstructed summer warming and expanded ancient lakes. Our results may improve the understanding of glacier behavior over HMA during the LIG and shed light on glacier response to future warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 109267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109263
Zenobia Jacobs , Panagiotis Karkanas , B. Patrick Fahey , Erich C. Fisher , Curtis W. Marean
Pinnacle Point Site 5–6 (PP5-6) is a key archaeological and paleoenvironmental site located on the edge of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain along the southern Cape coast of South Africa. Construction of high-resolution chronologies for archaeological sites beyond the range of radiocarbon dating is challenging. Geochronological methods such as optical dating are hampered by the availability of applicable materials that are directly associated with the events of interest. Optical dating relies on assumptions made about time-dependent changes and is made up of a series of measurements each with its own random and systematic uncertainties that together make up the age estimates. In this study, we explicitly took on the challenge to systematically produce a high-resolution chronology for PP5-6 made up of 197 individual age estimates of which 169 were input into a Bayesian age model. PP5-6 is ideal because of its fine-scale stratigraphy and use of modern excavation techniques and detailed recording of stratigraphy and plotted finds. Excavations and dating took place concurrently over almost two decades to inform the dating strategy, contextualise sample choice and data analysis, and to bring the scales of analysis of different proxies closer together. Here we present the optical dating process, including sensitivity tests of our instruments, data analysis procedures and modelling approach. We then construct a final timeline for comparisons with other proxy data and interpretation of the sedimentary sequence and occupation of PP5-6 over an interval of ∼60,000 years from ∼110,000 to ∼50,000 years ago. We show how closely linked sediment deposition is to changes in global climate and sea-level, identify a few Pleistocene and Holocene erosional events that modified the site post-depositionally and place a variety of interconnected causes and effects coincident with different types of occupation on this timeline. This approach opens up opportunities to reduce the resolution of chronologies closer to the human timescales required to improve our understanding of changes through time and to make more direct comparisons between other sites and proxies that contain similarly highly resolved archives of human occupation and change.
{"title":"A high-resolution chronology for the archaeological deposits at Pinnacle Point 5–6, Western Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"Zenobia Jacobs , Panagiotis Karkanas , B. Patrick Fahey , Erich C. Fisher , Curtis W. Marean","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pinnacle Point Site 5–6 (PP5-6) is a key archaeological and paleoenvironmental site located on the edge of the Palaeo-Agulhas Plain along the southern Cape coast of South Africa. Construction of high-resolution chronologies for archaeological sites beyond the range of radiocarbon dating is challenging. Geochronological methods such as optical dating are hampered by the availability of applicable materials that are directly associated with the events of interest. Optical dating relies on assumptions made about time-dependent changes and is made up of a series of measurements each with its own random and systematic uncertainties that together make up the age estimates. In this study, we explicitly took on the challenge to systematically produce a high-resolution chronology for PP5-6 made up of 197 individual age estimates of which 169 were input into a Bayesian age model. PP5-6 is ideal because of its fine-scale stratigraphy and use of modern excavation techniques and detailed recording of stratigraphy and plotted finds. Excavations and dating took place concurrently over almost two decades to inform the dating strategy, contextualise sample choice and data analysis, and to bring the scales of analysis of different proxies closer together. Here we present the optical dating process, including sensitivity tests of our instruments, data analysis procedures and modelling approach. We then construct a final timeline for comparisons with other proxy data and interpretation of the sedimentary sequence and occupation of PP5-6 over an interval of ∼60,000 years from ∼110,000 to ∼50,000 years ago. We show how closely linked sediment deposition is to changes in global climate and sea-level, identify a few Pleistocene and Holocene erosional events that modified the site post-depositionally and place a variety of interconnected causes and effects coincident with different types of occupation on this timeline. This approach opens up opportunities to reduce the resolution of chronologies closer to the human timescales required to improve our understanding of changes through time and to make more direct comparisons between other sites and proxies that contain similarly highly resolved archives of human occupation and change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 109263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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