Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109686
Rick J. Schulting , Mary Jane Berman , Grace Turner , Joanna Ostapkowicz
There remains considerable debate over the scale and nature of impacts by pre-industrial, small-scale societies on the natural environment. In the pre-Columbian Caribbean, this has included clear evidence for terrestrial extirpations and extinctions, as well as more equivocal evidence for the over-exploitation of near-shore marine resources. Bringing a new line of evidence to this debate, we present the results of a radiocarbon and stable isotope project undertaken on pre-Columbian (Lucayan) human remains from Guanahaní (San Salvador), The Bahamas. The dates obtained range between ca. AD 900 and 1400, encompassing much of the known settlement history of the island, as demonstrated through a comparison with Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon dates from settlements. Associated mean human stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values changed significantly over this period, from ca. −11.8‰ to ca. −14.6‰, consistent with previous suggestions of a decline in the use of marine resources across the archipelago as a whole. We interpret this as a result of local resource depletion through over-exploitation, impacting human decision-making in favour of greater emphasis on managed terrestrial resources. The available zooarchaeological evidence offers some support for a shift in marine resource use that is consistent with this scenario. Our results provide an independent line of evidence supporting the potential for small human populations to significantly affect their environments.
{"title":"Declining marine resource use over five centuries of human adaptation on Guanahaní (San Salvador), The Bahamas","authors":"Rick J. Schulting , Mary Jane Berman , Grace Turner , Joanna Ostapkowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There remains considerable debate over the scale and nature of impacts by pre-industrial, small-scale societies on the natural environment. In the pre-Columbian Caribbean, this has included clear evidence for terrestrial extirpations and extinctions, as well as more equivocal evidence for the over-exploitation of near-shore marine resources. Bringing a new line of evidence to this debate, we present the results of a radiocarbon and stable isotope project undertaken on pre-Columbian (Lucayan) human remains from Guanahaní (San Salvador), The Bahamas. The dates obtained range between ca. AD 900 and 1400, encompassing much of the known settlement history of the island, as demonstrated through a comparison with Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon dates from settlements. Associated mean human stable carbon isotope (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C) values changed significantly over this period, from ca. −11.8‰ to ca. −14.6‰, consistent with previous suggestions of a decline in the use of marine resources across the archipelago as a whole. We interpret this as a result of local resource depletion through over-exploitation, impacting human decision-making in favour of greater emphasis on managed terrestrial resources. The available zooarchaeological evidence offers some support for a shift in marine resource use that is consistent with this scenario. Our results provide an independent line of evidence supporting the potential for small human populations to significantly affect their environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109696
Mariya A. Kusliy , Dmitriy G. Malikov , Alexey M. Klementiev , Snezhana A. Samarina , Svetlana A. Modina , Katerina V. Tishakova , Natalya A. Lemskaya , Natalya A. Serdyukova , Ekaterina V. Budenchuk , Artyom V. Yakovlev , Pavel A. Cheklyuev , Anna A. Yurlova , Andrey A. Tomarovsky , Azamat A. Totikov , Yuri Y. Nushtaev , Kseniya O. Popova , Innokentiy S. Pavlov , Naryya I. Pavlova , Albert V. Protopopov , Alexander S. Graphodatsky , Anna S. Molodtseva
Our study contributes to the characterization of the phylogeography, genetic diversity, range, time of extinction, demographic history of the Ovodov horses (Equus ovodovi) from Southern Siberia in comparison with previously studied Ovodov horses from China. Phylogeographic and haplotype analysis based on the mitogenome sequences we have obtained through targeted enrichment and previously published mitogenome sequences showed that some of the Ovodov horses of Krasnoyarsk Krai (Siberia) examined turned out to be the closest to one of the most ancient mitotypes, related to the Altai Ovodov horse. The remaining Ovodov horses from Southern Siberia that we studied showed the closest maternal relationship with the Holocene horses of Northeast China (Heilongjiang Province). Nucleotide diversity and FST analyses indicated a greater maternal genetic closeness between the Pleistocene population of Ovodov horses in Southern Siberia and the Holocene population of Ovodov horses in Northeast China than between the Pleistocene populations of Ovodov horses in Siberia and China, which may indicate the migration of Ovodov horses from Siberia to the south. Our sample also included the northernmost Late Pleistocene dated Ovodov horses of Siberia, which extended the boundary of its range up to 56° north latitude and the time of its extinction in Siberia to 15,000–11,000 years ago. The constructed population curves showed several sharp declines in the number of Ovodov horses in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, one of which corresponded to the great human expansion into Asia, and the second — to the rapid climate changes at the beginning of the Holocene.
{"title":"New genetic data on the Pleistocene Ovodov horses of Siberia","authors":"Mariya A. Kusliy , Dmitriy G. Malikov , Alexey M. Klementiev , Snezhana A. Samarina , Svetlana A. Modina , Katerina V. Tishakova , Natalya A. Lemskaya , Natalya A. Serdyukova , Ekaterina V. Budenchuk , Artyom V. Yakovlev , Pavel A. Cheklyuev , Anna A. Yurlova , Andrey A. Tomarovsky , Azamat A. Totikov , Yuri Y. Nushtaev , Kseniya O. Popova , Innokentiy S. Pavlov , Naryya I. Pavlova , Albert V. Protopopov , Alexander S. Graphodatsky , Anna S. Molodtseva","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our study contributes to the characterization of the phylogeography, genetic diversity, range, time of extinction, demographic history of the Ovodov horses (<em>Equus ovodovi</em>) from Southern Siberia in comparison with previously studied Ovodov horses from China. Phylogeographic and haplotype analysis based on the mitogenome sequences we have obtained through targeted enrichment and previously published mitogenome sequences showed that some of the Ovodov horses of Krasnoyarsk Krai (Siberia) examined turned out to be the closest to one of the most ancient mitotypes, related to the Altai Ovodov horse. The remaining Ovodov horses from Southern Siberia that we studied showed the closest maternal relationship with the Holocene horses of Northeast China (Heilongjiang Province). Nucleotide diversity and F<sub>ST</sub> analyses indicated a greater maternal genetic closeness between the Pleistocene population of Ovodov horses in Southern Siberia and the Holocene population of Ovodov horses in Northeast China than between the Pleistocene populations of Ovodov horses in Siberia and China, which may indicate the migration of Ovodov horses from Siberia to the south. Our sample also included the northernmost Late Pleistocene dated Ovodov horses of Siberia, which extended the boundary of its range up to 56° north latitude and the time of its extinction in Siberia to 15,000–11,000 years ago. The constructed population curves showed several sharp declines in the number of Ovodov horses in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, one of which corresponded to the great human expansion into Asia, and the second — to the rapid climate changes at the beginning of the Holocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109723
Sergio Augusto Santos Xavier , Marie-Pierre Ledru , Ilana Wainer , Myriam Khodri , Francisca Soares de Araújo
Northeastern Brazil (NEB) is characterized by irregular rainfall distribution and various vegetation types, such as the xerophilous Caatinga in the east, Cerrado and Amazon rainforests in the west. Sediment cores and speleothems show that the region was subjected to strong climatic changes during the Holocene. To reconstruct related vegetation responses and biomass burning, we present a synthetic review based on nine pollen published records covering the last 6000 years. Our regional environmental reconstructions reveal four intervals of changes, influenced by the position and intensity of an east-west moisture band across NEB, in phase with South America Summer Monsoon variability. Between 6.0 and 5.2 ka BP and 5.2–4.2 ka BP, changes in the distribution of the dry forest Caatinga, Cerrado and Amazon Forest were driven by oscillating precipitation in a general pattern dry western/moist eastern NEB. Similar changes amongst sites were correlated to their location either within or outside the moisture band. Between 4.2 and 2.6 ka BP, Caatinga expanded in the eastern NEB, while Cerrado and Amazon forests became established in western NEB. This vegetation shift matches the moist western/dry eastern NEB climate around 4.2 ka BP, consistent with TraCE-21k simulations and speleothem records. From 2.6 ka BP onwards, biomass burning observed under dry or wet conditions was related to a marked increase in anthropogenic activities. For the last 6000 years NEB's vegetation boundaries have been in phase with the summer insolation, the oscillations of the South America Summer Monsoon, and the positions of the convergence zones which delimited a band of moisture throughout specific location of NEB. Human activities were not found to be directly affected by the humidity gradient; instead, humans have relied on each biome's resources. Investigating the extent of climatic and human influences on NEB vegetation in the past is crucial to discussing the effectiveness of current conservation policies in the region.
巴西东北部（NEB）降雨分布不规则，植被类型多样，东部有喜旱的Caatinga雨林，西部有塞拉多雨林和亚马逊雨林。沉积物岩心和岩洞显示，该地区在全新世期间经历了强烈的气候变化。为了重建相关的植被响应和生物质燃烧，我们基于近6000年的9个已发表的花粉记录进行了综合综述。我们的区域环境重建揭示了四个变化间隔，受横跨东北b的东西向水汽带的位置和强度的影响，与南美洲夏季风变异相一致。在6.0 ~ 5.2 ka BP和5.2 ~ 4.2 ka BP期间，Caatinga、Cerrado和亚马逊森林的分布变化主要受降水振荡驱动，呈现出西部干燥/东部湿润的总体格局，而不同站点之间的变化也与它们在湿润带内外的位置有关。在4.2 ~ 2.6 ka BP之间，Caatinga在NEB东部扩张，而Cerrado和Amazon森林在NEB西部建立。这种植被转移与4.2 ka BP左右NEB西部湿润/东部干燥的气候相匹配，与TraCE-21k模拟和洞穴记录一致。从2.6 ka BP开始，在干燥或潮湿条件下观测到的生物质燃烧与人为活动的显著增加有关。近6000年来，NEB的植被边界与夏季日照、南美夏季风的振荡以及在NEB特定地区划定水汽带的辐合带位置处于同一阶段，人类活动并未直接受到湿度梯度的影响；相反，人类依赖于每个生物群落的资源。调查过去气候和人类对新东部地区植被的影响程度，对于讨论该地区当前保护政策的有效性至关重要。
{"title":"6000 years of monsoon-driven east–west antiphasing of northeastern Brazil vegetation","authors":"Sergio Augusto Santos Xavier , Marie-Pierre Ledru , Ilana Wainer , Myriam Khodri , Francisca Soares de Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northeastern Brazil (NEB) is characterized by irregular rainfall distribution and various vegetation types, such as the xerophilous Caatinga in the east, Cerrado and Amazon rainforests in the west. Sediment cores and speleothems show that the region was subjected to strong climatic changes during the Holocene. To reconstruct related vegetation responses and biomass burning, we present a synthetic review based on nine pollen published records covering the last 6000 years. Our regional environmental reconstructions reveal four intervals of changes, influenced by the position and intensity of an east-west moisture band across NEB, in phase with South America Summer Monsoon variability. Between 6.0 and 5.2 ka BP and 5.2–4.2 ka BP, changes in the distribution of the dry forest Caatinga, Cerrado and Amazon Forest were driven by oscillating precipitation in a general pattern dry western/moist eastern NEB. Similar changes amongst sites were correlated to their location either within or outside the moisture band. Between 4.2 and 2.6 ka BP, Caatinga expanded in the eastern NEB, while Cerrado and Amazon forests became established in western NEB. This vegetation shift matches the moist western/dry eastern NEB climate around 4.2 ka BP, consistent with TraCE-21k simulations and speleothem records. From 2.6 ka BP onwards, biomass burning observed under dry or wet conditions was related to a marked increase in anthropogenic activities. For the last 6000 years NEB's vegetation boundaries have been in phase with the summer insolation, the oscillations of the South America Summer Monsoon, and the positions of the convergence zones which delimited a band of moisture throughout specific location of NEB. Human activities were not found to be directly affected by the humidity gradient; instead, humans have relied on each biome's resources. Investigating the extent of climatic and human influences on NEB vegetation in the past is crucial to discussing the effectiveness of current conservation policies in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109715
I. Schulten , V. Maselli , E.L. King , M. Schmidt , C. Hensen , T. Müller , A. Asioli , A. Micallef , C. Berndt , C.J. Brown , F. Córdoba-Ramírez , J. Elger , S. Hölz , A. Kotliarov , B. Kurylyk , S. Yu , M.R. Nedimović
During the last glacial period, continents and surrounding shelves in high latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere were covered by ice sheets. Their retreat after the Last Glacial Maximum resulted in isostatic adjustments of the previously glaciated landmass and post-glacial changes in relative sea level during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Many questions, however, remain about the timing and impact of the ice retreat and of short-lived climatic events on continental shelf environments. This study aims to reconstruct the sedimentation and deglaciation processes on the continental shelf of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) over the past 14 ka by investigating changes in the sedimentation patterns and paleo-environments. Using information from sub-bottom profiles, sediment cores, and multibeam bathymetry, this study finds that most of the continental shelf was flooded 13.6 ka ago, as evidenced by the presence of Bølling-Allerød marine sediments at a water depth of ∼50 m and ∼15 km off the modern coastline, which also suggests an earlier retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet than suggested by previous studies. We estimate sedimentation rates for the Bølling-Allerød of ∼0.4 cm a−1, which increased up to 1 cm a−1 during the Younger Dryas cooling event, likely associated with increased storm-wave activity and sea ice development caused by deteriorating climatic conditions. The presence of an erosional truncation atop Younger Dryas sediments indicates a late Pleistocene-early Holocene relative sea level fall and associated lowstand. Based on our new data, we established a geological model that highlights sedimentation processes since the Last Glacial Maximum and demonstrate the potential impact of short-lived climatic events on the former ice margin during deglaciation.
在末次冰期，北半球高纬度地区的大陆及其周围的冰架被冰原覆盖。它们在末次盛冰期后的退缩导致了前冰川陆块的均衡调整和晚更新世和全新世冰川后相对海平面的变化。然而，关于冰退缩的时间和影响以及短期气候事件对大陆架环境的影响，仍然存在许多问题。本研究旨在通过研究圣劳伦斯湾南部大陆架沉积模式和古环境的变化，重建过去14ka来的沉积和消冰过程。利用来自海底剖面、沉积物岩心和多波束测深的信息，本研究发现，13.6 ka前，大部分大陆架被淹没，在距现代海岸线约50米和约15公里的水深处存在b ølling- allerd海洋沉积物，这也表明劳伦泰德冰盖的退缩比以前的研究更早。我们估计Bølling-Allerød的沉积速率为~ 0.4 cm a−1，在新仙女木期降温事件期间增加到1 cm a−1，这可能与气候条件恶化导致的风暴波活动增加和海冰发展有关。新仙女木期沉积物上的侵蚀截断表明了晚更新世-全新世早期的相对海平面下降和相应的低洼。基于我们的新数据，我们建立了一个地质模型，突出了末次盛冰期以来的沉积过程，并展示了在冰川消融期间短期气候事件对前冰缘的潜在影响。
{"title":"Post-LGM sedimentation history and deglaciation processes in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada","authors":"I. Schulten , V. Maselli , E.L. King , M. Schmidt , C. Hensen , T. Müller , A. Asioli , A. Micallef , C. Berndt , C.J. Brown , F. Córdoba-Ramírez , J. Elger , S. Hölz , A. Kotliarov , B. Kurylyk , S. Yu , M.R. Nedimović","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the last glacial period, continents and surrounding shelves in high latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere were covered by ice sheets. Their retreat after the Last Glacial Maximum resulted in isostatic adjustments of the previously glaciated landmass and post-glacial changes in relative sea level during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Many questions, however, remain about the timing and impact of the ice retreat and of short-lived climatic events on continental shelf environments. This study aims to reconstruct the sedimentation and deglaciation processes on the continental shelf of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) over the past 14 ka by investigating changes in the sedimentation patterns and paleo-environments. Using information from sub-bottom profiles, sediment cores, and multibeam bathymetry, this study finds that most of the continental shelf was flooded 13.6 ka ago, as evidenced by the presence of Bølling-Allerød marine sediments at a water depth of ∼50 m and ∼15 km off the modern coastline, which also suggests an earlier retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet than suggested by previous studies. We estimate sedimentation rates for the Bølling-Allerød of ∼0.4 cm a<sup>−1</sup>, which increased up to 1 cm a<sup>−1</sup> during the Younger Dryas cooling event, likely associated with increased storm-wave activity and sea ice development caused by deteriorating climatic conditions. The presence of an erosional truncation atop Younger Dryas sediments indicates a late Pleistocene-early Holocene relative sea level fall and associated lowstand. Based on our new data, we established a geological model that highlights sedimentation processes since the Last Glacial Maximum and demonstrate the potential impact of short-lived climatic events on the former ice margin during deglaciation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109713
Martin Roy , Etienne Brouard , Pierre-Marc Godbout , David Turcot
The retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet across eastern Ontario and southwestern Quebec led to the formation of glacial Lake Barlow in the upper Ottawa River watershed. Lake Barlow expanded northward and eventually merged with glacial Lake Ojibway, forming a lake system that later coalesced with glacial Lake Agassiz near the end of deglaciation. Although Lake Barlow is central to reconstructing late deglacial events, its history and connection to Lake Ojibway remain poorly constrained. To improve understanding, extensive mapping of raised shorelines and other lake-level indicators was carried out in the Barlow basin using LiDAR-derived digital terrain models. Lake levels were reconstructed from 22,330 strandline-elevation points and paleosurfaces accounting for postglacial rebound at key deglaciation intervals (10.5 and 8.0 ka). High- and intermediate-elevation strandlines reveal a gradual lowering of the lake surface, culminating in a well-defined lake level at mid-elevation that marks a significant period of stability. The new strandline sequence shows strong continuity with that reported for the Lake Ojibway basin to the north, indicating that the lakes formed a single water body for much of the glaciolacustrine episode. These findings contrast with earlier models that proposed multiple lake phases controlled by a series of uplift-driven bedrock sills along the upper Ottawa River. Instead, the reconstructions suggest that early glaciolacustrine stages were likely dammed by the Lake McConnell Moraine and nearby glaciofluvial deposits that spread across the southern part of the basin. The emergence of a bedrock sill in the mid-basin near Angliers marked the end of the Barlow-Ojibway episode and initiated the stable phase of glacial Lake Ojibway, which was then regulated by the Angliers outlet. This stable lake configuration ended abruptly around 8.22 ka due to a major lake drawdown, as it was connected to Lake Agassiz to the west. After the drawdown, Lakes Barlow and Ojibway evolved independently until they disappeared, leaving small postglacial lakes in isolated basins. These results improve paleogeographic reconstructions and provide key data for modeling meltwater volumes needed to assess the impact of freshwater discharges on ocean circulation and climate during deglaciation.
{"title":"The evolution of glacial Lake Barlow and its connection to Lake Ojibway during the deglaciation of the south-central Laurentide Ice Sheet","authors":"Martin Roy , Etienne Brouard , Pierre-Marc Godbout , David Turcot","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet across eastern Ontario and southwestern Quebec led to the formation of glacial Lake Barlow in the upper Ottawa River watershed. Lake Barlow expanded northward and eventually merged with glacial Lake Ojibway, forming a lake system that later coalesced with glacial Lake Agassiz near the end of deglaciation. Although Lake Barlow is central to reconstructing late deglacial events, its history and connection to Lake Ojibway remain poorly constrained. To improve understanding, extensive mapping of raised shorelines and other lake-level indicators was carried out in the Barlow basin using LiDAR-derived digital terrain models. Lake levels were reconstructed from 22,330 strandline-elevation points and paleosurfaces accounting for postglacial rebound at key deglaciation intervals (10.5 and 8.0 ka). High- and intermediate-elevation strandlines reveal a gradual lowering of the lake surface, culminating in a well-defined lake level at mid-elevation that marks a significant period of stability. The new strandline sequence shows strong continuity with that reported for the Lake Ojibway basin to the north, indicating that the lakes formed a single water body for much of the glaciolacustrine episode. These findings contrast with earlier models that proposed multiple lake phases controlled by a series of uplift-driven bedrock sills along the upper Ottawa River. Instead, the reconstructions suggest that early glaciolacustrine stages were likely dammed by the Lake McConnell Moraine and nearby glaciofluvial deposits that spread across the southern part of the basin. The emergence of a bedrock sill in the mid-basin near Angliers marked the end of the Barlow-Ojibway episode and initiated the stable phase of glacial Lake Ojibway, which was then regulated by the Angliers outlet. This stable lake configuration ended abruptly around 8.22 ka due to a major lake drawdown, as it was connected to Lake Agassiz to the west. After the drawdown, Lakes Barlow and Ojibway evolved independently until they disappeared, leaving small postglacial lakes in isolated basins. These results improve paleogeographic reconstructions and provide key data for modeling meltwater volumes needed to assess the impact of freshwater discharges on ocean circulation and climate during deglaciation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109707
Yasmeen Orellana-Salazar , Shaun A. Marcott , Marissa M. Tremblay , Matias Romero , Pablo Moreno-Yaeger , Emily E. Mixon , Andrew G. Jones , Aaron M. Barth
Understanding alpine glacier extent during past climate variability is instructive for determining the glacier response to future climate change. Villarrica volcano is a late Pleistocene stratovolcano located in Chile's Southern Volcanic Zone that was covered by the Patagonian Ice Sheet during the last glacial period, and still retains small remnant glaciers today. Moraines preserved several kilometers from the summit on different flanks of the volcano record a history of expanded glacier lengths during the Holocene. However, the precise ages of these moraines are unknown, and the Holocene glacial history of Villarrica remains poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of how glaciers in this region responded to Holocene climate change. To constrain the timing of these moraines, we analyzed cosmogenic 3He in olivine from 25 basaltic andesite moraine boulders for cosmogenic surface exposure dating. Our new chronology reveals multiple late Holocene glacier advances from different flanks of the volcano, with the glaciers culminating and abandoning their moraines during the early Neoglacial period at ∼3355 ± 190 a and ∼1735 ± 215 a, and during the last millennium spanning the Little Ice Age period at ∼720 ± 225 a, ∼370 ± 75 a, and in the last ∼200 years. Our analysis of Holocene climate proxies from south-central Chile indicates that the early Neoglacial advances and subsequent retreat likely reflect increased effective moisture delivered by intensified Southern Westerly Winds and associated shifts in their latitudinal position. In contrast, we interpret the last millennium glacier advances as primarily driven by reduced summer ablation linked to regional cooling, followed by glacier retreat due to increased temperatures. Our chronology and closely spaced moraine positions suggest that glacier retreat on Villarrica, and possibly the broader Southern Volcanic Zone, has been gradual during the late Holocene and interrupted by short-lived advances driven by varying changes in temperature and moisture.
{"title":"A 3He-based Holocene glacial chronology from Villarrica volcano, Chile","authors":"Yasmeen Orellana-Salazar , Shaun A. Marcott , Marissa M. Tremblay , Matias Romero , Pablo Moreno-Yaeger , Emily E. Mixon , Andrew G. Jones , Aaron M. Barth","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding alpine glacier extent during past climate variability is instructive for determining the glacier response to future climate change. Villarrica volcano is a late Pleistocene stratovolcano located in Chile's Southern Volcanic Zone that was covered by the Patagonian Ice Sheet during the last glacial period, and still retains small remnant glaciers today. Moraines preserved several kilometers from the summit on different flanks of the volcano record a history of expanded glacier lengths during the Holocene. However, the precise ages of these moraines are unknown, and the Holocene glacial history of Villarrica remains poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of how glaciers in this region responded to Holocene climate change. To constrain the timing of these moraines, we analyzed cosmogenic <sup>3</sup>He in olivine from 25 basaltic andesite moraine boulders for cosmogenic surface exposure dating. Our new chronology reveals multiple late Holocene glacier advances from different flanks of the volcano, with the glaciers culminating and abandoning their moraines during the early Neoglacial period at ∼3355 ± 190 a and ∼1735 ± 215 a, and during the last millennium spanning the Little Ice Age period at ∼720 ± 225 a, ∼370 ± 75 a, and in the last ∼200 years. Our analysis of Holocene climate proxies from south-central Chile indicates that the early Neoglacial advances and subsequent retreat likely reflect increased effective moisture delivered by intensified Southern Westerly Winds and associated shifts in their latitudinal position. In contrast, we interpret the last millennium glacier advances as primarily driven by reduced summer ablation linked to regional cooling, followed by glacier retreat due to increased temperatures. Our chronology and closely spaced moraine positions suggest that glacier retreat on Villarrica, and possibly the broader Southern Volcanic Zone, has been gradual during the late Holocene and interrupted by short-lived advances driven by varying changes in temperature and moisture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109691
Michael C. Kneppers , Ariana B.J. Lambrides , Sean Ulm , Ian J. McNiven , Mirani Litster , Nguurruumungu Indigenous Corporation , Walmbaar Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
The Coral Sea Cultural Interaction Sphere is a framework that has been used to investigate the deep time connections and patterns of inter-regional exchange between northeastern mainland Australia, the Torres Strait, and southern mainland Papua New Guinea and associated offshore islands to its southeast. This social and cultural exchange is visible archaeologically through the maritime networks that facilitated the flow of peoples, objects, technologies, and ideas across the Coral Sea region over at least the past 3,000 years. Although research has primarily focused on pottery and other material cultural classes, molluscs also played an equally significant role, both in subsistence and as raw material to create shell artefacts. To investigate the ways in which these people-mollusc engagements manifested across the Coral Sea Cultural Interaction Sphere, a systematic meta-analysis was undertaken on relevant archaeological and archaeomalacological literature on sites connected through these networks. Results of the study of molluscan assemblages from 96 sites reflect foraging strategies targeting local habitats. Artefactual shell present in these assemblages demonstrates selective uptake of objects across the Coral Sea region without evidence for shared uptake of artefact types throughout the entire study area, highlighting the complex and dynamic nature of the Coral Sea exchange networks and the role of decision-making by local communities in the spread of objects and technologies across vast distances. This study sets the stage for future research to address key gaps in the archaeological knowledge of people-mollusc engagement across the Coral Sea Cultural Interaction Sphere.
{"title":"An archaeomalacological synthesis of people-mollusc engagement across the Coral Sea Cultural Interaction Sphere, Southwestern Pacific Ocean","authors":"Michael C. Kneppers , Ariana B.J. Lambrides , Sean Ulm , Ian J. McNiven , Mirani Litster , Nguurruumungu Indigenous Corporation , Walmbaar Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Coral Sea Cultural Interaction Sphere is a framework that has been used to investigate the deep time connections and patterns of inter-regional exchange between northeastern mainland Australia, the Torres Strait, and southern mainland Papua New Guinea and associated offshore islands to its southeast. This social and cultural exchange is visible archaeologically through the maritime networks that facilitated the flow of peoples, objects, technologies, and ideas across the Coral Sea region over at least the past 3,000 years. Although research has primarily focused on pottery and other material cultural classes, molluscs also played an equally significant role, both in subsistence and as raw material to create shell artefacts. To investigate the ways in which these people-mollusc engagements manifested across the Coral Sea Cultural Interaction Sphere, a systematic meta-analysis was undertaken on relevant archaeological and archaeomalacological literature on sites connected through these networks. Results of the study of molluscan assemblages from 96 sites reflect foraging strategies targeting local habitats. Artefactual shell present in these assemblages demonstrates selective uptake of objects across the Coral Sea region without evidence for shared uptake of artefact types throughout the entire study area, highlighting the complex and dynamic nature of the Coral Sea exchange networks and the role of decision-making by local communities in the spread of objects and technologies across vast distances. This study sets the stage for future research to address key gaps in the archaeological knowledge of people-mollusc engagement across the Coral Sea Cultural Interaction Sphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109692
Wei Li , YiHsien Lin , Linjing Liu , Xiaochen Pei , Ligang Zhou , Yanpeng Cao , Chen Liu , Hui Wang , Peng Lu , Yijie Zhuang , Meilin Guo , Fawei Liang , Hai Zhang
The impact of mid-to-late Holocene climate change, particularly the 4.2 ka BP event, on the social transitions toward complex societies in the Central Plains of China (CPC)—a key area for the early development of Chinese civilization—remains poorly understood and controversial. This study integrates geoarchaeological and archaeological investigations in the Sha-Ying Rivers floodplain in southeastern CPC, an area particularly sensitive to climate fluctuations. We employ a multi-disciplinary approach, including: 1) grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and pollen analysis of natural sediments; 2) archaeological surveys assessing settlement numbers and sizes, combined with 14C-based simulations of regional populations; and 3) carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of plant, animal and human remains. Our findings indicate that after 6000 BP, the climate shifted to cooler and drier conditions, marked by more frequent river flooding, greater shrinkage of lakes and marshes, and shifts in local vegetation. Millet agriculture began to expand into the floodplain, fostering population growth and societal development. In conjunction with dramatic climatic and environmental fluctuations around 4.2 ka BP, this trend accelerated, creating more land suitable for millet cultivation and facilitating a significant influx of immigrants. Compared to other regions in CPC, particularly around Mount Song, this study suggests that when confronted with abrupt climate changes, CPC societies demonstrated strong resilience by accommodating migrant population, diversifying subsistence strategies, and experiencing frequent shifts in socio-political centers. The sustained growth of early civilizations in the CPC can be attributed to the dual factors of long-term climate change promoting millet agriculture and the effective social resilience facilitated by adaptive socio-political strategies.
全新世中晚期气候变化，特别是4.2 ka BP事件，对中国中原地区（中国文明早期发展的关键地区）社会向复杂社会过渡的影响仍然知之甚少且存在争议。本研究对中国共产党东南部的沙营河漫滩进行了地质考古和考古调查，该地区对气候波动特别敏感。我们采用多学科方法，包括：1)自然沉积物的粒度、磁化率和花粉分析；2)考古调查评估定居点数量和规模，结合基于14c的区域人口模拟；3)植物、动物和人类遗骸的碳氮同位素分析。研究结果表明，在6000 BP之后，气候转向更冷、更干燥的条件，标志着河流洪水更频繁，湖泊和沼泽更大的萎缩，以及当地植被的变化。谷子农业开始向洪泛区扩展，促进了人口增长和社会发展。在4.2 ka BP前后，由于气候和环境的剧烈波动，这一趋势加速了，创造了更多适合小米种植的土地，并促进了大量移民的涌入。与中国其他地区（尤其是嵩山地区）相比，该研究表明，面对气候突变，中国共产党社会通过容纳外来人口、多样化的生存策略和频繁的社会政治中心变化，表现出较强的适应能力。中国共产党早期文明的持续增长可以归因于长期气候变化促进谷子农业和适应性社会政治战略促进的有效社会弹性的双重因素。
{"title":"Mid-late Holocene environmental change and social resilience in Central Plains of China: Evidence from Sha-Ying Rivers floodplain","authors":"Wei Li , YiHsien Lin , Linjing Liu , Xiaochen Pei , Ligang Zhou , Yanpeng Cao , Chen Liu , Hui Wang , Peng Lu , Yijie Zhuang , Meilin Guo , Fawei Liang , Hai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of mid-to-late Holocene climate change, particularly the 4.2 ka BP event, on the social transitions toward complex societies in the Central Plains of China (CPC)—a key area for the early development of Chinese civilization—remains poorly understood and controversial. This study integrates geoarchaeological and archaeological investigations in the Sha-Ying Rivers floodplain in southeastern CPC, an area particularly sensitive to climate fluctuations. We employ a multi-disciplinary approach, including: 1) grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and pollen analysis of natural sediments; 2) archaeological surveys assessing settlement numbers and sizes, combined with <sup>14</sup>C-based simulations of regional populations; and 3) carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of plant, animal and human remains. Our findings indicate that after 6000 BP, the climate shifted to cooler and drier conditions, marked by more frequent river flooding, greater shrinkage of lakes and marshes, and shifts in local vegetation. Millet agriculture began to expand into the floodplain, fostering population growth and societal development. In conjunction with dramatic climatic and environmental fluctuations around 4.2 ka BP, this trend accelerated, creating more land suitable for millet cultivation and facilitating a significant influx of immigrants. Compared to other regions in CPC, particularly around Mount Song, this study suggests that when confronted with abrupt climate changes, CPC societies demonstrated strong resilience by accommodating migrant population, diversifying subsistence strategies, and experiencing frequent shifts in socio-political centers. The sustained growth of early civilizations in the CPC can be attributed to the dual factors of long-term climate change promoting millet agriculture and the effective social resilience facilitated by adaptive socio-political strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109513
Wafaa Altyeb , Ben Rendall , Maria Mutti
The Egyptian Red Sea region offers a unique and spatially extensive record of relative sea-level (RSL) proxies from the last interglacial durig Marine Isotopes Stage 5 e (MIS 5e; 129 to 116 ka), making it an ideal location for reconstructing past sea levels. In this study, we compiled 24 U-series dated RSL data points across a stretch of more than 450 km of coastline, focusing on three main sedimentological sea-level indicators: coral reefs, beach deposits and lagoon deposits. Using the standardized framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shoreline (WALIS), we ensured consistent data comparison and interpretation. Our analysis reveals that MIS 5e sea levels, based on refined proxies and accounting for uncertainties, ranged between approximately 3 m and 12 m above present sea level.
Our investigation highlights key interpretive challenges when comparing the Egyptian Red Sea record with regional and global counterparts, particularly regarding the timing, magnitude and potential existence of sub-orbital sea-level peaks under current coarse chronological resolutions. We also evaluate errors associated with different coral zonation models and address contrasting sea level scenarios, including relatively stable sea level, multiple transgression/oscillation scenarios and earlier MIS 5e highstand. These findings underscore the need to refine the chronological framework to better constrain the MIS 5e sea-level fluctuations along the Egyptian Red Sea coast at a sub-millennial scale. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13951411 (Altyeb et al., 2025).
{"title":"Meta-analysis of last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level proxies along the Egyptian Red Sea","authors":"Wafaa Altyeb , Ben Rendall , Maria Mutti","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Egyptian Red Sea region offers a unique and spatially extensive record of relative sea-level (RSL) proxies from the last interglacial durig Marine Isotopes Stage 5 e (MIS 5e; 129 to 116 ka), making it an ideal location for reconstructing past sea levels. In this study, we compiled 24 U-series dated RSL data points across a stretch of more than 450 km of coastline, focusing on three main sedimentological sea-level indicators: coral reefs, beach deposits and lagoon deposits. Using the standardized framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shoreline (WALIS), we ensured consistent data comparison and interpretation. Our analysis reveals that MIS 5e sea levels, based on refined proxies and accounting for uncertainties, ranged between approximately 3 m and 12 m above present sea level.</div><div>Our investigation highlights key interpretive challenges when comparing the Egyptian Red Sea record with regional and global counterparts, particularly regarding the timing, magnitude and potential existence of sub-orbital sea-level peaks under current coarse chronological resolutions. We also evaluate errors associated with different coral zonation models and address contrasting sea level scenarios, including relatively stable sea level, multiple transgression/oscillation scenarios and earlier MIS 5e highstand. These findings underscore the need to refine the chronological framework to better constrain the MIS 5e sea-level fluctuations along the Egyptian Red Sea coast at a sub-millennial scale. The database is available at <span><span>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13951411</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (Altyeb et al., 2025).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109711
Jane L. Earland , Sev Kender , Bernd Schöne , Torsa Sengupta , Sophie L. Ward , Sarah L. Bradley , Maarten Blaauw , Philippa Ascough , James D. Scourse
Knowledge of the variability of Atlantic water inflow is critical for understanding the hydrography and ecology of the northern North Sea. However, long term records of this variability, which can be used to refine model projections of future environmental change in the region, are limited. The Fetlar Basin, located to the east of the Shetland Islands (UK), is a depositional basin situated at the intersection of the North Atlantic and northern North Sea, making it ideally placed for studying variability in Atlantic inflow. Datasets have been generated from a marine sediment core spanning the Late glacial and Holocene (c. 13 k cal a BP to present), including benthic foraminiferal assemblages, stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C of Quinqueloculina seminulum), grain size, and sediment total organic carbon. Cluster and principal component analyses of benthic foraminiferal assemblages enabled the definition of five foraminiferal zones. The two basal zones (c. 12.9–11.0 k cal a BP) contain cold water, sea ice and glaci-proximal species typical of the Late glacial, as well as high abundances of juvenile forms. A transition from cool to warmer Holocene conditions occurs from c. 11.5 k cal a BP in a well-mixed water column. During the mid Holocene, high abundances of F. fusiformis are coincident with lower δ18O. These coincide with the Mid Holocene Climatic Optimum, and or indicate fresher, more nutrient rich water associated with higher contributions of Modified North Atlantic Water in relation to an expansion of the subpolar gyre. From c. 4.2 k cal a BP to the present, foraminiferal δ18O values indicate cooler and potentially more saline conditions, which align with a general late Holocene cooling pattern in Northern Europe, and or increasing salinity due to a retraction of the subpolar gyre. Our findings provide potential long-term evidence for recent studies which emphasize the role of subpolar gyre variability in regulating North and Norwegian Sea salinity. This variability should thus be considered in the modelling and management of this region.
了解大西洋水流入的变化对了解北海北部的水文和生态至关重要。然而，可用于改进该地区未来环境变化模式预估的这种变率的长期记录是有限的。Fetlar盆地位于设得兰群岛（英国）东部，是一个位于北大西洋和北海北部交汇处的沉积盆地，是研究大西洋流入变化的理想场所。从一个跨越晚冰期和全新世（距今约13k ~ 13bp）的海洋沉积物岩心生成了数据集，包括底栖有孔虫组合、稳定同位素（Quinqueloculina seminulum的δ18O和δ13C）、粒度和沉积物总有机碳。通过对底栖有孔虫组合的聚类和主成分分析，确定了5个有孔虫区。两个基带（约12.9 ~ 11.0 k cal a BP）包含了典型的晚冰期的冷水、海冰和冰川近端物种，以及丰富的幼年物种。在混合良好的水柱中，全新世从寒冷到温暖的转变发生在约11.5 k cal A BP。在全新世中期，F. fususiformis的高丰度与较低的δ18O相一致。这与全新世中期气候最佳状态相吻合，并且表明与次极环流扩张相关的北大西洋修正水的更高贡献有关的更新鲜、更富营养的水。从4.2 k cal a BP到现在，有孔虫的δ18O值表明温度更低，可能更含盐，这与北欧整体的全新世晚期冷却模式一致，或者由于次极环流的收缩而导致盐度增加。我们的发现为最近的研究提供了潜在的长期证据，这些研究强调亚极环流变异性在调节北海和挪威海盐度中的作用。因此，在该区域的建模和管理中应考虑到这种可变性。
{"title":"Assessing Atlantic subpolar gyre influence on the northern North Sea during the Holocene: A marine palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from the Fetlar basin (Shetland, UK)","authors":"Jane L. Earland , Sev Kender , Bernd Schöne , Torsa Sengupta , Sophie L. Ward , Sarah L. Bradley , Maarten Blaauw , Philippa Ascough , James D. Scourse","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of the variability of Atlantic water inflow is critical for understanding the hydrography and ecology of the northern North Sea. However, long term records of this variability, which can be used to refine model projections of future environmental change in the region, are limited. The Fetlar Basin, located to the east of the Shetland Islands (UK), is a depositional basin situated at the intersection of the North Atlantic and northern North Sea, making it ideally placed for studying variability in Atlantic inflow. Datasets have been generated from a marine sediment core spanning the Late glacial and Holocene (c. 13 k cal a BP to present), including benthic foraminiferal assemblages, stable isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C of <em>Quinqueloculina seminulum</em>), grain size, and sediment total organic carbon. Cluster and principal component analyses of benthic foraminiferal assemblages enabled the definition of five foraminiferal zones. The two basal zones (c. 12.9–11.0 k cal a BP) contain cold water, sea ice and glaci-proximal species typical of the Late glacial, as well as high abundances of juvenile forms. A transition from cool to warmer Holocene conditions occurs from c. 11.5 k cal a BP in a well-mixed water column. During the mid Holocene, high abundances of <em>F. fusiformis</em> are coincident with lower δ<sup>18</sup>O. These coincide with the Mid Holocene Climatic Optimum, and or indicate fresher, more nutrient rich water associated with higher contributions of Modified North Atlantic Water in relation to an expansion of the subpolar gyre. From c. 4.2 k cal a BP to the present, foraminiferal δ<sup>18</sup>O values indicate cooler and potentially more saline conditions, which align with a general late Holocene cooling pattern in Northern Europe, and or increasing salinity due to a retraction of the subpolar gyre. Our findings provide potential long-term evidence for recent studies which emphasize the role of subpolar gyre variability in regulating North and Norwegian Sea salinity. This variability should thus be considered in the modelling and management of this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"372 ","pages":"Article 109711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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