Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109839
Pengchao Zhang , Tao Wang , Yueheng Jin , Dan Liu
Since the Industrial Revolution, global climate change has shifted from being primarily driven by natural forces to being significantly influenced by both natural forces and human activities, leading to marked climatic changes on the Tibetan Plateau. However, the responses of the plateau’s ecosystems to climate change, influenced by shifting underlying drivers, remain unclear. In this study, we examined the change characteristics, climatic drivers, and potential risks of destabilization for the Tibetan Plateau’s permafrost, forest cover, and carbon stocks from a millennial perspective (850–2020 CE), utilizing the dynamic global vegetation model, the Community Land Model version 4.5. Compared to the relative stability from pre-1850, the post-1950 period witnessed a significant change in permafrost area, forest cover, and vegetation carbon stock, with changes of −21 %, +40 %, and +14 %, respectively, compared to pre-1850 levels. Temperature and longwave radiation significantly contributed to the noticeable decline in permafrost area, while temperature, precipitation, and CO2 notably promoted vegetation growth. Moreover, permafrost had exhibited early-warning signals that it was approaching critical thresholds. Our findings underscore that the Tibetan Plateau has undergone drastic changes since 1950, with permafrost already reaching tipping points, which is crucial for enhancing the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding regions.
{"title":"The evolution and drivers of changes in Tibetan terrestrial ecosystems over the last millennium","authors":"Pengchao Zhang , Tao Wang , Yueheng Jin , Dan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the Industrial Revolution, global climate change has shifted from being primarily driven by natural forces to being significantly influenced by both natural forces and human activities, leading to marked climatic changes on the Tibetan Plateau. However, the responses of the plateau’s ecosystems to climate change, influenced by shifting underlying drivers, remain unclear. In this study, we examined the change characteristics, climatic drivers, and potential risks of destabilization for the Tibetan Plateau’s permafrost, forest cover, and carbon stocks from a millennial perspective (850–2020 CE), utilizing the dynamic global vegetation model, the Community Land Model version 4.5. Compared to the relative stability from pre-1850, the post-1950 period witnessed a significant change in permafrost area, forest cover, and vegetation carbon stock, with changes of −21 %, +40 %, and +14 %, respectively, compared to pre-1850 levels. Temperature and longwave radiation significantly contributed to the noticeable decline in permafrost area, while temperature, precipitation, and CO<sub>2</sub> notably promoted vegetation growth. Moreover, permafrost had exhibited early-warning signals that it was approaching critical thresholds. Our findings underscore that the Tibetan Plateau has undergone drastic changes since 1950, with permafrost already reaching tipping points, which is crucial for enhancing the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 109839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109842
Savvas Paradeisis-Stathis , Matthew N. Waters , Debra A. Willard , Richard S. Vachula
Ecological pressures on aquatic ecosystems have increased over recent centuries due to human activities and climate change. However, contextualizing ecosystem deterioration is often challenging due to limited knowledge of environmental changes over millennial timescales. Subtropical Carolina bays in North Carolina, USA, have remained unglaciated, preserving paleolimnological records that extend back to the last glacial period. Here, we analyzed a sediment core from the ecologically rich Lake Waccamaw spanning more than 28,000 years for aquatic proxies of nutrients, photosynthetic pigments, cyanotoxins, carbon isotopes, and terrestrial proxies of pollen and charcoal. The study explored paleolimnological changes in the aquatic environment connected to land changes and climate during the late Quaternary in the southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain. Results reveal that while current levels of colonial cyanobacteria are high, past levels of cyanobacteria, other primary producers, and cyanotoxins were higher under natural climate variability. Abrupt ecosystem responses to increasing trophic conditions during Interstadial 3 (27.8–26.4 cal ka BP) and the early Holocene (11.4–7 cal ka BP) were marked by increases in primary producer abundance, deciduous vegetation expansion, and fire activity. Cyanobacteria remained dominant throughout the record, with colonial forms prevailing during the Holocene. Increases in pigment concentrations aligned with Quercus and were primarily driven by hydroclimatic variability and nutrient stoichiometry. Transitions between Pinus and Quercus pollen matched stadials and interstadials in the δ18Ο record from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP). This study highlights the value of multi-proxy millennial-scale paleolimnological records for understanding aquatic ecosystem responses to climate conditions during the late Pleistocene.
近几个世纪以来，由于人类活动和气候变化，水生生态系统面临的生态压力有所增加。然而，由于对千年时间尺度上的环境变化的认识有限，将生态系统退化置于背景下往往具有挑战性。美国北卡罗来纳州的亚热带卡罗莱纳湾一直未被冰川覆盖，保存着可追溯到末次冰期的古湖泊学记录。在这里，我们分析了来自生态丰富的Waccamaw湖的沉积物岩心，该岩心跨越了28,000多年，以获取营养物质、光合色素、蓝藻毒素、碳同位素的水生代用物，以及花粉和木炭的陆地代用物。本研究探讨了大西洋东南沿海平原晚第四纪与陆地变化和气候相关的水环境古湖泊学变化。结果显示，虽然目前的群落蓝藻水平很高，但在自然气候变化下，过去的蓝藻、其他初级生产者和蓝藻毒素水平较高。在过渡期3 （27.8-26.4 cal ka BP）和全新世早期（11.4-7 cal ka BP），生态系统对营养条件增加的突变响应以初级生产者丰度增加、落叶植被扩张和火灾活动为特征。蓝藻在整个记录中一直占主导地位，在全新世期间以殖民地形式盛行。色素浓度的增加与栎属植物一致，主要由水文气候变异和营养化学计量学驱动。在北格陵兰冰芯项目(NGRIP) δ18Ο记录中，松树和栎树花粉之间的过渡与地坪和地坪间相匹配。本研究强调了千年代用古湖泊记录对了解晚更新世水生生态系统对气候条件的响应的价值。
{"title":"Cyanobacteria and aquatic ecosystem dynamics across 28,000 years of environmental changes in subtropical North America","authors":"Savvas Paradeisis-Stathis , Matthew N. Waters , Debra A. Willard , Richard S. Vachula","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological pressures on aquatic ecosystems have increased over recent centuries due to human activities and climate change. However, contextualizing ecosystem deterioration is often challenging due to limited knowledge of environmental changes over millennial timescales. Subtropical Carolina bays in North Carolina, USA, have remained unglaciated, preserving paleolimnological records that extend back to the last glacial period. Here, we analyzed a sediment core from the ecologically rich Lake Waccamaw spanning more than 28,000 years for aquatic proxies of nutrients, photosynthetic pigments, cyanotoxins, carbon isotopes, and terrestrial proxies of pollen and charcoal. The study explored paleolimnological changes in the aquatic environment connected to land changes and climate during the late Quaternary in the southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain. Results reveal that while current levels of colonial cyanobacteria are high, past levels of cyanobacteria, other primary producers, and cyanotoxins were higher under natural climate variability. Abrupt ecosystem responses to increasing trophic conditions during Interstadial 3 (27.8–26.4 cal ka BP) and the early Holocene (11.4–7 cal ka BP) were marked by increases in primary producer abundance, deciduous vegetation expansion, and fire activity. Cyanobacteria remained dominant throughout the record, with colonial forms prevailing during the Holocene. Increases in pigment concentrations aligned with <em>Quercus</em> and were primarily driven by hydroclimatic variability and nutrient stoichiometry. Transitions between <em>Pinus</em> and <em>Quercus</em> pollen matched stadials and interstadials in the δ<sup>18</sup>Ο record from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP). This study highlights the value of multi-proxy millennial-scale paleolimnological records for understanding aquatic ecosystem responses to climate conditions during the late Pleistocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 109842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109816
Desmond Yeo , Yongsong Huang , Fei Guo , Richard S. Vachula , Karen J. Wang , Jonathan A. O'Donnell , Steven C. Clemens , James M. Russell
Accurate age control is a prerequisite for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental research but remains a persistent challenge for Arctic lake sediment cores. Well-dated regional tephrochronologies can provide robust stratigraphic markers in sediments. In Arctic Eastern Beringia, the Old Crow tephra (OCt) is one of the most widely distributed late Quaternary tephras and serves as an important stratigraphic anchor beyond the radiocarbon range (>50 ka BP). However, the age of the OCt remains debated and has undergone numerous revisions, with studies using different dating methodologies to ascribe ages ranging from 124 ka to 203 ka. While the commonly reported age of the OCt based on fission track dating is 124 ± 10 ka, a recent study using uranium-thorium/helium ((U-Th)/He) dating of zircon placed the OCt at 202.9 ± 9.5 ka. Here, we independently find an age of 179.0 ± 4.6 ka for the OCt from a lacustrine sediment record in Alaska (Imuruk Lake) with confirmation using the marine benthic δ18O chronology. This revises the current tephrostratigraphic framework in this region. We also report a previously undocumented mafic tephra layer (IM#1), which is likely a local eruption on the Seward Peninsula, with an age of 157.2 ± 4.7 ka, providing a new tephrostratigraphic marker for this region.
准确的年龄控制是古气候和古环境研究的先决条件，也是北极湖泊沉积物岩心研究的长期挑战。年代确定的区域地层年代学可以为沉积物提供可靠的地层标志。在北极东白令陆桥，老克罗热层（OCt）是晚第四纪分布最广泛的热层之一，是放射性碳范围（>50 ka BP）以外重要的地层锚点。然而，OCt的年龄仍然存在争议，并经历了多次修订，研究使用不同的测年方法将年龄从124 ka到203 ka不等。虽然基于裂变径迹测年的OCt年龄通常报道为124±10 ka，但最近一项使用锆石铀-钍/氦（(U-Th)/He）测年的研究将OCt定在202.9±9.5 ka。在此，我们独立地从阿拉斯加（Imuruk湖）的湖泊沉积记录中发现OCt的年龄为179.0±4.6 ka，并使用海洋底栖生物δ18O年代学进行了确认。这改变了该地区目前的地层格架。此外，我们还报道了在西沃德半岛发现的基性温层（im# 1），其年龄为157.2±4.7 ka，为该地区提供了新的温层地层标志。
{"title":"New evidence for a 179 ka age of the Old Crow tephra","authors":"Desmond Yeo , Yongsong Huang , Fei Guo , Richard S. Vachula , Karen J. Wang , Jonathan A. O'Donnell , Steven C. Clemens , James M. Russell","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate age control is a prerequisite for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental research but remains a persistent challenge for Arctic lake sediment cores. Well-dated regional tephrochronologies can provide robust stratigraphic markers in sediments. In Arctic Eastern Beringia, the Old Crow tephra (OCt) is one of the most widely distributed late Quaternary tephras and serves as an important stratigraphic anchor beyond the radiocarbon range (>50 ka BP). However, the age of the OCt remains debated and has undergone numerous revisions, with studies using different dating methodologies to ascribe ages ranging from 124 ka to 203 ka. While the commonly reported age of the OCt based on fission track dating is 124 ± 10 ka, a recent study using uranium-thorium/helium ((U-Th)/He) dating of zircon placed the OCt at 202.9 ± 9.5 ka. Here, we independently find an age of 179.0 ± 4.6 ka for the OCt from a lacustrine sediment record in Alaska (Imuruk Lake) with confirmation using the marine benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O chronology. This revises the current tephrostratigraphic framework in this region. We also report a previously undocumented mafic tephra layer (IM#1), which is likely a local eruption on the Seward Peninsula, with an age of 157.2 ± 4.7 ka, providing a new tephrostratigraphic marker for this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 109816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109809
Jinming Xie , Gang Hu , Liubing Xu , Shangzhe Zhou , Yanren Wang , Tinley Tsring , Huiying Wang , Ping Wang , Xiaoyan Yang
Archaeological evidence shows that high-elevation, deeply incised valleys of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, despite geomorphic hazards and limited arable land, have supported widespread permanent human occupation since the Neolithic period, largely facilitated by the development of agriculture. To examine this adaptation, we reconstructed the latest Quaternary landscape evolution around the La phob archaeological site, the earliest known Neolithic settlement in Tibet (∼4800 cal BP), using OSL and 14C dating of fluvial, alluvial, and dammed-lake sediments. The site is situated on a debris-flow-dominated alluvial fan in the Bodui Zangbo River valley, southeastern Tibet. Our results reveal valley aggradation during the Last Glacial Maximum and last deglaciation, followed by incision and the formation of multi-level fill and cut-in-fill terraces in the early Holocene. At ∼4.8 ka, a debris-flow dam created a ∼11 km2 paleolake that persisted until ∼1.2 ka, depositing thick lacustrine sediments over pre-existing terraces. The paleolake would have provided a stable water source, and settlement and agriculture emerged adjacent to it. We propose that the site's location on an alluvial fan benefited from episodic debris flows that supplied fine-grained, fertile sediments suitable for cultivation, despite geomorphic instability. After dam collapse, populations likely migrated to lacustrine sediment-covered terraces, where fertile soils sustained continued agriculture. Integrated with regional evidence, our findings indicate that recurrent river-blocking events promoted valley widening through cycles of aggradation and incision. These geomorphic processes enhanced habitable and agricultural land availability and played a key role in shaping prehistoric settlement patterns and adaptive subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau.
考古证据表明，青藏高原东南部高海拔、深切口的山谷，尽管地貌危险，可耕地有限，但自新石器时代以来，农业的发展在很大程度上促进了人类的广泛永久居住。为了研究这种适应性，我们利用OSL和14C测年技术对河流、冲积物和坝湖沉积物进行测年，重建了喇phob考古遗址周围最新的第四纪景观演变，喇phob考古遗址是西藏已知最早的新石器时代聚落（~ 4800 cal BP）。该遗址位于西藏东南部博堆藏布河谷以泥石流为主的冲积扇上。研究结果表明，末次盛冰期和末次消冰期为河谷淤积期，全新世早期为切口型梯田，形成多层次的充填梯田和充填梯田。在~ 4.8 ka，一个泥石流大坝形成了一个~ 11平方公里的古湖泊，该湖泊一直持续到~ 1.2 ka，在原有的阶地上沉积了厚厚的湖泊沉积物。古湖泊可能提供了稳定的水源，并在其附近出现了定居点和农业。我们认为，尽管地貌不稳定，但该遗址位于冲积扇上的位置受益于间歇性的泥石流，这些泥石流提供了适合耕种的细粒度、肥沃的沉积物。大坝倒塌后，人口可能迁移到湖泊沉积物覆盖的梯田，那里肥沃的土壤维持了农业的持续发展。结合区域证据，我们的研究结果表明，反复发生的河流阻塞事件通过淤积和切割循环促进了河谷的拓宽。这些地貌过程提高了可居住和农业用地的可获得性，并在形成青藏高原史前定居模式和适应性生存策略方面发挥了关键作用。
{"title":"Latest Quaternary landscape change and its influence on human activities in the Bodui Zangbo River valley, southeastern Tibet","authors":"Jinming Xie , Gang Hu , Liubing Xu , Shangzhe Zhou , Yanren Wang , Tinley Tsring , Huiying Wang , Ping Wang , Xiaoyan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Archaeological evidence shows that high-elevation, deeply incised valleys of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, despite geomorphic hazards and limited arable land, have supported widespread permanent human occupation since the Neolithic period, largely facilitated by the development of agriculture. To examine this adaptation, we reconstructed the latest Quaternary landscape evolution around the La phob archaeological site, the earliest known Neolithic settlement in Tibet (∼4800 cal BP), using OSL and <sup>14</sup>C dating of fluvial, alluvial, and dammed-lake sediments. The site is situated on a debris-flow-dominated alluvial fan in the Bodui Zangbo River valley, southeastern Tibet. Our results reveal valley aggradation during the Last Glacial Maximum and last deglaciation, followed by incision and the formation of multi-level fill and cut-in-fill terraces in the early Holocene. At ∼4.8 ka, a debris-flow dam created a ∼11 km<sup>2</sup> paleolake that persisted until ∼1.2 ka, depositing thick lacustrine sediments over pre-existing terraces. The paleolake would have provided a stable water source, and settlement and agriculture emerged adjacent to it. We propose that the site's location on an alluvial fan benefited from episodic debris flows that supplied fine-grained, fertile sediments suitable for cultivation, despite geomorphic instability. After dam collapse, populations likely migrated to lacustrine sediment-covered terraces, where fertile soils sustained continued agriculture. Integrated with regional evidence, our findings indicate that recurrent river-blocking events promoted valley widening through cycles of aggradation and incision. These geomorphic processes enhanced habitable and agricultural land availability and played a key role in shaping prehistoric settlement patterns and adaptive subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 109809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109820
Dongliang Ning , Xianqiang Meng , Qi Lin , Enfeng Liu , Zhenyu Ni , Weiwei Sun , Wenfang Zhang , Yao Wang , Rong Chen , Enlou Zhang
Climate change-induced algal blooms are increasingly threatening water resources in global temperate regions. However, the mechanisms underlying multi-forcing interaction remain controversial, largely due to the scarcity of reliable algal productivity proxies and a long-term perspective. Here, we quantified algae-sourced sediment organic matter as an indicator of lake primary productivity using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A significant absorbance band around 1550 cm−1 in lake algae but absence in aquatic macrophyte and terrestrial plants guarantees the reliability of FTIR to separate the algal signal in lake sediments. On this basis, we reconstructed the Holocene trajectory of algal productivity in a remote crater lake, northeast China, and synthesized the regional Holocene algal productivity using Generalized Additive Models (GAM). The results indicated relatively high primary productivity during the mid-Holocene as well as some early and late episodes. Those periods of high productivity were synchronous with the changing pattern of regional precipitation. Our multivariate statistical modeling further revealed the dominant role of precipitation and the additive effects of temperature and dust deposition, underscoring the impact of precipitation-driven nutrient dynamics in stimulating algal blooms in a warming world.
{"title":"Precipitation dominates remote lake primary productivity: A Holocene perspective based on regional synthesis from northeastern Asia","authors":"Dongliang Ning , Xianqiang Meng , Qi Lin , Enfeng Liu , Zhenyu Ni , Weiwei Sun , Wenfang Zhang , Yao Wang , Rong Chen , Enlou Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change-induced algal blooms are increasingly threatening water resources in global temperate regions. However, the mechanisms underlying multi-forcing interaction remain controversial, largely due to the scarcity of reliable algal productivity proxies and a long-term perspective. Here, we quantified algae-sourced sediment organic matter as an indicator of lake primary productivity using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A significant absorbance band around 1550 cm<sup>−1</sup> in lake algae but absence in aquatic macrophyte and terrestrial plants guarantees the reliability of FTIR to separate the algal signal in lake sediments. On this basis, we reconstructed the Holocene trajectory of algal productivity in a remote crater lake, northeast China, and synthesized the regional Holocene algal productivity using Generalized Additive Models (GAM). The results indicated relatively high primary productivity during the mid-Holocene as well as some early and late episodes. Those periods of high productivity were synchronous with the changing pattern of regional precipitation. Our multivariate statistical modeling further revealed the dominant role of precipitation and the additive effects of temperature and dust deposition, underscoring the impact of precipitation-driven nutrient dynamics in stimulating algal blooms in a warming world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 109820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109830
Juan Ochando , Donatella Magri , Biagio Giaccio , Giovanni Zanchetta , Antonino Vazzana , Omry Barzilai , Francesco Berna , Gruppo Speleologico Neretino , Giulia Marciani , Andrea Zerboni , Sara Silvestrini , Enza E. Spinapolice , Adriana Moroni , Gabriele Terlato , Matteo Romandini , Stefano Benazzi
The southern Italian Peninsula plays a crucial role as a biogeographical hotspot in Southern Europe, influenced significantly by the Mediterranean climate. This environment acted as a glacial refuge for diverse flora and fauna, humans included. This study employs pollen analysis on Mousterian and Uluzzian sediments from Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C in the Salento Peninsula (southern Italy) to reconstruct the vegetation landscapes encountered by the late Italian Neanderthals (thus far associated with the Mousterian) and early modern humans (linked to the Uluzzian) during the mid Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Our palynological analyses reveal a distinctive and diverse environment within the Mediterranean landscape. Tephrochronological and OSL constraints and paleoenvironmental variability consistently allow us to date the investigated interval between ∼46.6 ka and 43.4 ka, encompassing the second part of the long Greenland interstadial 12 (GI-12) and the onset of the GI-11. Over these three millennia, the environment in the area of Uluzzo C is characterized by a rich flora mainly composed of evergreen elements. Additionally, heliophytes such as Amaranthaceae, Artemisia, and Poaceae are observed. The consistent presence of pollen taxa such as Juglans, and Pinus halepensis/pinea, among others, highlights the importance of this coastal area of Apulia for the long-term persistence of Mediterranean species during the Late Pleistocene. These taxa could be supported by a generally mild climate, as suggested by the occurrence of Olea, Myrtus, and Cistus. These diverse environments would undeniably have offered various opportunities for the survival of Neanderthals and early Upper Palaeolithic hominins, especially during the warm phases and, critically, the cold events of the Late Pleistocene. Our integrated approach underscores the importance of Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C as a MIS 3 archive, contributing to the ongoing debate on the spatial extent of glacial refugia. Our data from Uluzzo C corroborate the previous idea that the climatic and environmental setting were not the main reason for Neanderthals' abandonment of Uluzzo Bay and potentially southern Italy around 45,000 years ago.
意大利半岛南部受地中海气候影响较大，是南欧生物地理热点地区。这个环境是包括人类在内的各种动植物的冰川避难所。本研究对意大利南部萨伦托半岛（Salento Peninsula） Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C地区的Mousterian和Uluzzian沉积物进行了花粉分析，重建了晚期意大利尼安德特人（迄今为止与Mousterian有关）和早期现代人（与Uluzzian有关）在海洋同位素阶段（MIS）中期所遇到的植被景观。我们的孢粉学分析揭示了地中海景观中独特而多样的环境。温度年代学和OSL约束以及古环境变率一致地使我们能够确定所研究的时间间隔在~ 46.6 ka和43.4 ka之间，包括长格陵兰岛间期12 （GI-12）的第二部分和GI-11的开始。在这三千年里，乌鲁佐C地区的环境以丰富的植物群为特征，主要由常绿元素组成。此外，还观察到苋科、蒿科和禾本科等向日葵植物。诸如Juglans和Pinus halepensis/pinea等花粉分类群的持续存在突出了普利亚沿海地区在晚更新世期间地中海物种长期存在的重要性。这些分类群可能存在于普遍温和的气候中，如油橄榄属、桃金娘属和桃金娘属的出现。不可否认，这些多样化的环境为尼安德特人和旧石器时代早期的人类提供了各种生存机会，尤其是在温暖时期，更重要的是，在晚更新世的寒冷时期。我们的综合方法强调了Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C作为MIS 3档案的重要性，为冰川避难所的空间范围的持续争论做出了贡献。我们来自乌鲁佐C区的数据证实了之前的观点，即气候和环境环境并不是尼安德特人在大约4.5万年前放弃乌鲁佐湾和可能的意大利南部的主要原因。
{"title":"From Neanderthals to Homo sapiens: New palaeoecological and tephrocronological data from the MIS3 layers of Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy)","authors":"Juan Ochando , Donatella Magri , Biagio Giaccio , Giovanni Zanchetta , Antonino Vazzana , Omry Barzilai , Francesco Berna , Gruppo Speleologico Neretino , Giulia Marciani , Andrea Zerboni , Sara Silvestrini , Enza E. Spinapolice , Adriana Moroni , Gabriele Terlato , Matteo Romandini , Stefano Benazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The southern Italian Peninsula plays a crucial role as a biogeographical hotspot in Southern Europe, influenced significantly by the Mediterranean climate. This environment acted as a glacial refuge for diverse flora and fauna, humans included. This study employs pollen analysis on Mousterian and Uluzzian sediments from Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C in the Salento Peninsula (southern Italy) to reconstruct the vegetation landscapes encountered by the late Italian Neanderthals (thus far associated with the Mousterian) and early modern humans (linked to the Uluzzian) during the mid Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Our palynological analyses reveal a distinctive and diverse environment within the Mediterranean landscape. Tephrochronological and OSL constraints and paleoenvironmental variability consistently allow us to date the investigated interval between ∼46.6 ka and 43.4 ka, encompassing the second part of the long Greenland interstadial 12 (GI-12) and the onset of the GI-11. Over these three millennia, the environment in the area of Uluzzo C is characterized by a rich flora mainly composed of evergreen elements. Additionally, heliophytes such as Amaranthaceae, <em>Artemisia</em>, and Poaceae are observed. The consistent presence of pollen taxa such as <em>Juglans</em>, and <em>Pinus halepensis/pinea</em>, among others, highlights the importance of this coastal area of Apulia for the long-term persistence of Mediterranean species during the Late Pleistocene. These taxa could be supported by a generally mild climate, as suggested by the occurrence of <em>Olea</em>, <em>Myrtus</em>, and <em>Cistus</em>. These diverse environments would undeniably have offered various opportunities for the survival of Neanderthals and early Upper Palaeolithic hominins, especially during the warm phases and, critically, the cold events of the Late Pleistocene. Our integrated approach underscores the importance of Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C as a MIS 3 archive, contributing to the ongoing debate on the spatial extent of glacial refugia. Our data from Uluzzo C corroborate the previous idea that the climatic and environmental setting were not the main reason for Neanderthals' abandonment of Uluzzo Bay and potentially southern Italy around 45,000 years ago.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 109830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109788
Rodolfo José Angulo , Paulo César Fonseca Giannini , Maria Cristina de Souza , Augusto Luiz Ferreira Junior , Thiago de Freitas Toniolo , Jesús Alberto Salas Rangel , Ed Garrett
Vermetid bioconstructions have been widely used as Holocene paleo-sea level indicators along the Brazilian coast, due to their abundance and accuracy, especially in the case of Petaloconchus varians (d’Orbigny, 1841). Most age determinations for this species have been performed using conventional 14C dating of bulk bioconstruction samples. However, this type of sample may contain several types of carbonate or carbonaceous impurities, including remains of other organisms such as mollusks and barnacles, which can affect the reliability of the age. This work compares previous conventional 14C ages of vermetid bioconstruction bulk samples with 14C AMS ages of shells from different species dated individually. The objectives are: i. To establish the relationship among the ages of different species in order to reveal the direction or tendency of past sea-level changes; ii. To evaluate the error in dating bulk samples; iii. To analyze the reliability of the ages obtained from each species, based on aspects such as purity, alteration and neomorphism. The dating results obtained for fossil shells of different species were in agreement with the relative ages expected based on the observed spatial relationship between them. Tetraclita stalactifera parietal plates were older than overgrowing vermetids shells, and shells of the bivalve Leiosolenus aff. bisulcatus in life position, which perforate the bioconstruction, were younger. The ages of individual shells were older than those obtained by dating bulk vermetid bioconstructions, and this difference increased with the age. Taking the paleolevels previously determined for the studied samples and using the revised ages reported here, we infer that relative sea level in southern Brazil was more than 2 m above present between 6000 and 7000 cal aBP. The differences in ages between bulk and individual shell samples highlight that paleo-sea levels inferred from bulk vermetid remains and respective Holocene sea-level curves need revision. More data for separate species are therefore necessary to improve the accuracy of Holocene sea-level curves from Brazil. Furthermore, methodological care must be taken to avoid the influence of micritic envelopes, bioturbation, biofouling, and cement infill on the age.
{"title":"Ages of different shell species associated to vermetid bioconstructions remains and their implications on Mid-to Late-Holocene Brazilian sea-level curves","authors":"Rodolfo José Angulo , Paulo César Fonseca Giannini , Maria Cristina de Souza , Augusto Luiz Ferreira Junior , Thiago de Freitas Toniolo , Jesús Alberto Salas Rangel , Ed Garrett","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vermetid bioconstructions have been widely used as Holocene paleo-sea level indicators along the Brazilian coast, due to their abundance and accuracy, especially in the case of <em>Petaloconchus varians</em> (d’Orbigny, 1841). Most age determinations for this species have been performed using conventional <sup>14</sup>C dating of bulk bioconstruction samples. However, this type of sample may contain several types of carbonate or carbonaceous impurities, including remains of other organisms such as mollusks and barnacles, which can affect the reliability of the age. This work compares previous conventional <sup>14</sup>C ages of vermetid bioconstruction bulk samples with <sup>14</sup>C AMS ages of shells from different species dated individually. The objectives are: i. To establish the relationship among the ages of different species in order to reveal the direction or tendency of past sea-level changes; ii. To evaluate the error in dating bulk samples; iii. To analyze the reliability of the ages obtained from each species, based on aspects such as purity, alteration and neomorphism. The dating results obtained for fossil shells of different species were in agreement with the relative ages expected based on the observed spatial relationship between them. <em>Tetraclita stalactifera</em> parietal plates were older than overgrowing vermetids shells, and shells of the bivalve <em>Leiosolenus</em> aff. <em>bisulcatus</em> in life position, which perforate the bioconstruction, were younger. The ages of individual shells were older than those obtained by dating bulk vermetid bioconstructions, and this difference increased with the age. Taking the paleolevels previously determined for the studied samples and using the revised ages reported here, we infer that relative sea level in southern Brazil was more than 2 m above present between 6000 and 7000 cal aBP. The differences in ages between bulk and individual shell samples highlight that paleo-sea levels inferred from bulk vermetid remains and respective Holocene sea-level curves need revision. More data for separate species are therefore necessary to improve the accuracy of Holocene sea-level curves from Brazil. Furthermore, methodological care must be taken to avoid the influence of micritic envelopes, bioturbation, biofouling, and cement infill on the age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109769
S. Dean , N. Georgiou , R. Poirier , W.R. Doar III , D. Brill , D. Chauveau , C. Cerrone , J. Austermann , A. Rovere
The peak of the Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e; ∼128–117 ky) provides a valuable analogue for understanding sea level rise under future warming scenarios. Relative sea-level (RSL) indicators from passive margins are essential for constraining past sea levels and refining glacio-hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA) models, thereby enhancing projections of future sea-level change and associated regional impacts. In this study, we present new luminescence ages from 17 sediment samples in outcrops along the Intracoastal Waterway near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina (USA). The sampling sites lie between a series of paleo beach ridges preserved as successive off-lapping deposits, the scarp toes of which have been previously identified as indicators of the maximum sea level during each associated sea-level highstand. Our results include ages corresponding with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 7 (∼200 ka), 5e (∼125 ka), 5c (∼105 ka), and the last deglacial period (∼14–12 ky). These new sea-level indicators, supplemented by the existing scarp elevation data, suggest that relative sea level in this region reached similar levels during MIS 5e and MIS 5c/5a. Comparison with GIA model outputs shows that more models fit our observations (from all time periods) when a peak GMSL of less than 5 m above present during MIS 5e is assumed, which makes those scenarios more likely.
{"title":"Last interglacial relative sea-level changes at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina","authors":"S. Dean , N. Georgiou , R. Poirier , W.R. Doar III , D. Brill , D. Chauveau , C. Cerrone , J. Austermann , A. Rovere","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The peak of the Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e; ∼128–117 ky) provides a valuable analogue for understanding sea level rise under future warming scenarios. Relative sea-level (RSL) indicators from passive margins are essential for constraining past sea levels and refining glacio-hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA) models, thereby enhancing projections of future sea-level change and associated regional impacts. In this study, we present new luminescence ages from 17 sediment samples in outcrops along the Intracoastal Waterway near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina (USA). The sampling sites lie between a series of paleo beach ridges preserved as successive off-lapping deposits, the scarp toes of which have been previously identified as indicators of the maximum sea level during each associated sea-level highstand. Our results include ages corresponding with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 7 (∼200 ka), 5e (∼125 ka), 5c (∼105 ka), and the last deglacial period (∼14–12 ky). These new sea-level indicators, supplemented by the existing scarp elevation data, suggest that relative sea level in this region reached similar levels during MIS 5e and MIS 5c/5a. Comparison with GIA model outputs shows that more models fit our observations (from all time periods) when a peak GMSL of less than 5 m above present during MIS 5e is assumed, which makes those scenarios more likely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109785
Paweł Sydor
The problem of relative sea-level (RSL) changes is one of the main issues in Baltic Sea research. The aim of the study is to reconstruct Holocene RSL changes in the middle part of the Polish coast. To develop the RSL curve for the study area, 290 RSL data points were used. From these, 184 data points (32.7 %) are terrestrial limiting points (TLP), and 106 data points (18.8 %) are marine limiting points (MLP). The data allow for reconstructing water-level changes for the last 10.5 ka b2k, i.e., for the stages of Ancylus Lake and Littorina Sea, starting from an elevation of ca. 28 m below present sea level (b.s.l.).
In the period 10.5–10.2 ky b2k, a fast water level rise (Ancylus transgression) occurred with an average rate of ca. 30 mm/yr. About 10.2 ky b2k, the water level reached ca. 19 m b.s.l. The formation of a drainage channel in the area of the present Belt Sea resulted in a regression of the water level of Ancylus Lake to 24 m b.s.l., with an average rate of ca. 12.5 mm/yr, in the period 10.2–9.8 ky b2k. After the connection of the Baltic with the ocean 9.8 ky b2k, during the period 9.8–8.0 ky b2k, a fast sea level rise (Littorina transgression) occurred in the study area. An average rate of water level rise during the Littorina transgression was ca. 9.4 mm/yr. The period 8.0–6.0 ky b2k is characterized by gradual decrease of the rate of sea level rise. Between 8.0 and 7.0 ky b2k sea level rose with average rate ca. 3 mm/yr, and ca. 1 mm/yr between 7.0 and 6.0 ky b2k. Over the last 6.0 ky, the rate of sea-level rise has been slower, and it was ca. 0.5 mm/yr. Taking into account similarities to other regions of the Baltic Sea and the world ocean, it can be concluded that sea-level changes in the study area in the last 9.8 ky have been eustatic in nature.
相对海平面变化问题是波罗的海研究的主要问题之一。研究的目的是重建波兰中部海岸全新世RSL的变化。为了绘制研究区域的RSL曲线，使用了290个RSL数据点。其中，184个数据点（32.7%）为陆地极限点（TLP）， 106个数据点（18.8%）为海洋极限点（MLP）。这些数据允许重建最近10.5 ka b2k的水位变化，即Ancylus湖和Littorina海阶段，从目前海平面（b.s.l）以下约28 m的高度开始。在10.5 ~ 10.2 ky b2k期间，发生了一次快速的水位上升（Ancylus海侵），平均速度约为30 mm/yr。10.2 ky - 9.8 ky - b2k期间，安丘勒斯湖水位下降至24 m b.s.l，平均下降速率约为12.5 mm/年。在波罗的海与海洋连接9.8 ky b2k后，9.8 - 8.0 ky b2k期间，研究区发生了一次快速的海平面上升（Littorina海侵）。在Littorina海侵期间，平均水位上升速率约为9.4 mm/yr。8.0 ~ 6.0 kb2k期间，海平面上升速率呈逐渐下降的趋势。在8.0 ~ 7.0 kb2k期间，海平面平均上升速率约为3 mm/年，在7.0 ~ 6.0 kb2k期间，海平面平均上升速率约为1 mm/年。在过去的6.0天里，海平面上升的速度变慢了，大约为0.5毫米/年。考虑到与波罗的海其他地区和世界海洋的相似之处，可以得出结论，在过去的9.8天里，研究区域的海平面变化本质上是上升的。
{"title":"Holocene relative sea-level changes in the middle part of the Polish coast, southern Baltic Sea","authors":"Paweł Sydor","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of relative sea-level (RSL) changes is one of the main issues in Baltic Sea research. The aim of the study is to reconstruct Holocene RSL changes in the middle part of the Polish coast. To develop the RSL curve for the study area, 290 RSL data points were used. From these, 184 data points (32.7 %) are terrestrial limiting points (TLP), and 106 data points (18.8 %) are marine limiting points (MLP). The data allow for reconstructing water-level changes for the last 10.5 ka b2k, i.e., for the stages of Ancylus Lake and Littorina Sea, starting from an elevation of ca. 28 m below present sea level (b.s.l.).</div><div>In the period 10.5–10.2 ky b2k, a fast water level rise (Ancylus transgression) occurred with an average rate of ca. 30 mm/yr. About 10.2 ky b2k, the water level reached ca. 19 m b.s.l. The formation of a drainage channel in the area of the present Belt Sea resulted in a regression of the water level of Ancylus Lake to 24 m b.s.l., with an average rate of ca. 12.5 mm/yr, in the period 10.2–9.8 ky b2k. After the connection of the Baltic with the ocean 9.8 ky b2k, during the period 9.8–8.0 ky b2k, a fast sea level rise (Littorina transgression) occurred in the study area. An average rate of water level rise during the Littorina transgression was ca. 9.4 mm/yr. The period 8.0–6.0 ky b2k is characterized by gradual decrease of the rate of sea level rise. Between 8.0 and 7.0 ky b2k sea level rose with average rate ca. 3 mm/yr, and ca. 1 mm/yr between 7.0 and 6.0 ky b2k. Over the last 6.0 ky, the rate of sea-level rise has been slower, and it was ca. 0.5 mm/yr. Taking into account similarities to other regions of the Baltic Sea and the world ocean, it can be concluded that sea-level changes in the study area in the last 9.8 ky have been eustatic in nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109753
Emeline Bellet , Guillemette Ménot , Christine Piot , Xavier Crosta , Vincent Grossi , Marie-Alexandrine Sicre , Mercedes Mendez-Millan , Vincent Klein , Salomé Ansanay-Alex , Matthew Makou , Jérôme Poulenard , Emmanuel Malet , Bernard Fanget , Eivind Støren , Nicolas Leviavan , Aymeric Servettaz , Jostein Bakke , Pierre Sabatier , Fabien Arnaud
Climatic variability in the Southern Hemisphere is largely controlled by the latitudinal position of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SHW), whose migration influences precipitation, temperature, and Antarctic upwelling. This study presents the results of analyses of two lacustrine sediment cores from Lake Armor, located on the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (49°15′S, 69°10′E), within the SHW belt. Lipid biomarkers (Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers, n-alkanes, and their hydrogen isotopes) were used to reconstruct mean annual air temperature above freezing (MAF) and humidity conditions. These records are compared with a high-resolution diatom-based summer sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from marine core MD11-3353, situated 150 km southwest of Lake Armor.
In the late glacial and Early Holocene, our results reveal a period of warm air temperature, comparable to current values and very warm sea surface temperature, 5 °C above the current values. Around 9000 cal a BP, an abrupt transition occurred, marked by a cooling of 5 °C in SST and 1.5 °C in MAF, interpreted as a northward migration of the SHW and associated oceanic fronts. The Mid-to-Late Holocene period is characterized by pronounced MAF variability, including a notably warm interval between 3000 and 2000 cal a BP, when n-alkane dD suggests the prevalence of wetter conditions. Since ∼250 cal a BP, a southward migration of the SHW has produced a 2.5 °C rise in MAF.
Our findings are overall consistent with previous studies from the Indian Ocean, but permit us to go a step further as by comparing SSTs and air temperatures. This suggests that SST is not a reliable predictor of air temperature on the Kerguelen Islands, particularly during the Early Holocene. We hence argue that Kerguelen air temperature is predominantly controlled by the position of westerly winds, as an indicator of reorganisations in air mass trajectories.
南半球的气候变率主要受南半球西风（SHW）的纬度位置控制，西风的迁移影响降水、温度和南极上升流。本文介绍了位于亚南极Kerguelen群岛（49°15'S, 69°10'E）的两个湖泊沉积物岩心的分析结果。脂质生物标志物（甘油二烷基甘油四醚、正构烷烃及其氢同位素）用于重建年平均冰点以上气温（MAF）和湿度条件。这些记录与位于阿armor湖西南150公里的MD11-3353海洋岩芯的高分辨率夏季海面温度（SST）重建进行了比较。在冰期晚期和全新世早期，我们的研究结果揭示了一段与当前值相当的暖空气温度和非常温暖的海面温度，比当前值高5°C。在9000 cal a BP前后，发生了海温降温5°C、MAF降温1.5°C的突变，这被解释为西南暖风及其相关洋锋的北移。全新世中晚期以MAF显著变率为特征，包括3000 - 2000 cal a BP之间的一个显著暖期，此时正构烷烃dD表明普遍存在湿润条件。自~ 250 cal a BP以来，西海暖风向南迁移导致MAF升高2.5°C。我们的发现总体上与印度洋先前的研究一致，但允许我们更进一步，通过比较海温和气温。这表明海温并不是凯尔盖伦群岛气温的可靠预测指标，尤其是在全新世早期。因此，我们认为凯尔盖伦的气温主要由西风的位置控制，作为气团轨迹重组的一个指标。
{"title":"Holocene climatic changes in the Kerguelen archipelago (South Indian Ocean) based on marine and lacustrine palaeoclimatic archives","authors":"Emeline Bellet , Guillemette Ménot , Christine Piot , Xavier Crosta , Vincent Grossi , Marie-Alexandrine Sicre , Mercedes Mendez-Millan , Vincent Klein , Salomé Ansanay-Alex , Matthew Makou , Jérôme Poulenard , Emmanuel Malet , Bernard Fanget , Eivind Støren , Nicolas Leviavan , Aymeric Servettaz , Jostein Bakke , Pierre Sabatier , Fabien Arnaud","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climatic variability in the Southern Hemisphere is largely controlled by the latitudinal position of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SHW), whose migration influences precipitation, temperature, and Antarctic upwelling. This study presents the results of analyses of two lacustrine sediment cores from Lake Armor, located on the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (49°15′S, 69°10′E), within the SHW belt. Lipid biomarkers (Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers, <em>n-</em>alkanes, and their hydrogen isotopes) were used to reconstruct mean annual air temperature above freezing (MAF) and humidity conditions. These records are compared with a high-resolution diatom-based summer sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from marine core MD11-3353, situated 150 km southwest of Lake Armor.</div><div>In the late glacial and Early Holocene, our results reveal a period of warm air temperature, comparable to current values and very warm sea surface temperature, 5 °C above the current values. Around 9000 cal a BP, an abrupt transition occurred, marked by a cooling of 5 °C in SST and 1.5 °C in MAF, interpreted as a northward migration of the SHW and associated oceanic fronts. The Mid-to-Late Holocene period is characterized by pronounced MAF variability, including a notably warm interval between 3000 and 2000 cal a BP, when <em>n-</em>alkane dD suggests the prevalence of wetter conditions. Since ∼250 cal a BP, a southward migration of the SHW has produced a 2.5 °C rise in MAF.</div><div>Our findings are overall consistent with previous studies from the Indian Ocean, but permit us to go a step further as by comparing SSTs and air temperatures. This suggests that SST is not a reliable predictor of air temperature on the Kerguelen Islands, particularly during the Early Holocene. We hence argue that Kerguelen air temperature is predominantly controlled by the position of westerly winds, as an indicator of reorganisations in air mass trajectories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 109753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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