Quaternary Science Reviews最新文献_第5页

The South Caucasus from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic: Intersection of the genetic and archaeological data 从上旧石器时代到新石器时代的南高加索：基因数据与考古数据的交汇

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109061

Christine Chataigner

The genomic characterisation of human remains and the study of archaeological assemblages are complementary keys to understanding the evolution of ancient human groups. This article proposes a dialogue between these two approaches for the South Caucasus between the Upper Palaeolithic and the Neolithic periods.

In the Upper Palaeolithic before the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 40.-23. ka cal BP), genetic and archaeological data demonstrate the originality of the populations of the South Caucasus (Caucasus_UP genome) compared with their neighbours in SE Europe and SW Asia and also show the existence of links between these different regions. For the post-LGM phase (ca. 20.9–11.7 ka cal BP), archaeological data suggest a certain continuity with the previous period during the cold phase of the Oldest Dryas, followed by a marked rapprochement with the Zarzian culture in the Zagros starting with the warming of the Bølling-Allerød. Genetic analyses, which are available only for the latter phase, reveal a new genome (Caucasus Hunter-Gatherer or CHG), that is very close to that of the ancestors of the Neolithic populations of the Zagros.

For the Early Holocene (ca. 11.7–8.2 ka cal BP or 9700-6200 cal BCE), the CHG genome, which still characterises the populations of the South Caucasus, is difficult to distinguish in modelling from that of the Zagros (Iran_N). However, archaeological data suggest that the spread of the Iran_N/CHG gene pool from Iran to Upper Mesopotamia and Central Anatolia was due to populations from the northwest Zagros, and not to those from the South Caucasus, who had only occasional contacts with the Fertile Crescent.

At the beginning of the Middle Holocene (ca. 8.2–7.2 ka cal BP or 6200-5200 cal BCE), the appearance in the South Caucasus of animals and plants presenting a high level of domestication, as well as the introduction of new techniques (pressure knapping with a lever, pottery), are clearly due to the arrival of populations from the Fertile Crescent, as confirmed by genetic analyses. These analyses also show that there was not a replacement of local Mesolithic communities by Neolithic farmers, which the archaeological evidence confirms.

人类遗骸的基因组特征和考古组合研究是了解古人类群体演变的互补关键。在末次冰川极盛期（约公元前 40.-23.ka. BP）之前的上旧石器时代，遗传学和考古学数据表明，与欧洲东南部和亚洲西南部的邻近地区相比，南高加索地区的人群（高加索_UP 基因组）具有独创性，同时也表明这些不同地区之间存在联系。考古数据表明，LGM 后阶段（约 20.9-11.7 ka cal BP）与上一个时期（最古老的旱季的寒冷阶段）有一定的连续性，随后随着博林-阿勒罗德气候变暖，与扎格罗斯地区的扎尔齐亚（Zarzian）文化发生了明显的和解。仅对后一阶段进行的基因分析表明，一种新的基因组（高加索狩猎采集者或 CHG）与扎格罗斯新石器时代人群的祖先的基因组非常接近。在全新世早期（约 11.7-8.2 ka cal BP 或 9700-6200 cal BCE），CHG 基因组仍然是南高加索人群的特征，在模型上很难与扎格罗斯（Iran_N）的基因组区分开来。然而，考古数据表明，Iran_N/CHG 基因库从伊朗向美索不达米亚上游和安纳托利亚中部扩散的原因是来自扎格罗斯山脉西北部的人群，而不是来自南高加索的人群，他们只是偶尔与新月沃土接触。在中全新世初期（约公元前 8.2-7.2 千卡或公元前 6200-5200 卡），南高加索地区出现了高度驯化的动物和植物，并引进了新的技术（用杠杆压制陶器），这显然是由于新月沃土居民的到来，遗传分析也证实了这一点。这些分析还表明，当地的中石器时代社区并没有被新石器时代的农民所取代，考古证据也证实了这一点。

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引用次数: 0

Quaternary and Pliocene sea-level changes at Camarones, central Patagonia, Argentina 阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚中部卡马隆斯的第四纪和上新世海平面变化

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108999

Karla Rubio-Sandoval , Deirdre D. Ryan , Sebastian Richiano , Luciana M. Giachetti , Andrew Hollyday , Jordon Bright , Evan J. Gowan , Marta Pappalardo , Jacqueline Austermann , Darrell S. Kaufman , Alessio Rovere

Geological indicators of past relative sea level changes are fundamental to reconstruct the extent of former ice sheet during past interglacials, which are considered analogs for future climate conditions. Four interglacials, dating from Holocene to Pliocene, have left sea-level imprints in the proximity of the coastal town of Camarones in Central Patagonia, Argentina. Sea-level index points were preserved as beach ridges deposited by storm waves above modern sea level. We used highly accurate survey techniques to measure the elevation of these deposits. Satellite derived wave measurements and wave runup models were then employed to calculate their indicative meaning (i.e., their elevation with respect to sea level at the time of deposition). The paleo relative sea levels (i.e., uncorrected for post-depositional vertical land motions) associated with the four interglacials (with ±1σ uncertainties) are 6 ± 1.5 m (late Holocene); 8.7 ± 2.1 m (MIS 5e); 14.5 ± 1.5 m (MIS 9 or 11); and 36.2 ± 2.7 m (Early Pliocene). Ages have been obtained using both published (U-series, Electron Spin Resonance, and Radiocarbon) and new (Amino Acid Racemization and Radiocarbon) dating constraints. We compare our results with published glacial isostatic adjustment and mantle dynamic topography predictions, and we highlight that refining these models before calculating the global mean sea level for the interglacials mentioned above is necessary. Our high-resolution sea-level index points serve as an important contribution to the record of paleo relative sea-level in the Southwestern Atlantic.

过去相对海平面变化的地质指标是重建过去间冰期前冰原范围的基础，而间冰期被认为是未来气候条件的类比。从全新世到上新世的四次间冰期都在阿根廷中巴塔哥尼亚的卡马罗内斯沿海小镇附近留下了海平面印记。海平面指数点被保存为高于现代海平面的风暴潮沉积的海滩脊。我们使用高精度勘测技术测量了这些沉积物的海拔高度。然后利用卫星得出的波浪测量数据和波浪上升模型来计算它们的指示意义（即相对于沉积时海平面的高程）。与四个间冰期相关的古相对海平面（即未校正沉积后垂直陆地运动）（不确定性为 ±1σ）分别为 6 ± 1.5 米（全新世晚期）、8.7 ± 2.1 米（MIS 5e）、14.5 ± 1.5 米（MIS 9 或 11）和 36.2 ± 2.7 米（上新世早期）。年龄是利用已公布的（U-系列、电子自旋共振和放射性碳）和新的（氨基酸消旋化和放射性碳）测年约束获得的。我们将我们的结果与已发表的冰川等静力调整和地幔动态地形预测进行了比较，并强调在计算上述间冰期的全球平均海平面之前，有必要对这些模型进行改进。我们的高分辨率海平面指数点是对西南大西洋古相对海平面记录的重要贡献。

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引用次数: 0

The role of ocean circulation and regolith removal in triggering the Mid-Pleistocene Transition: Insights from authigenic Nd isotopes 海洋环流和碎屑岩移除在引发中更新世过渡中的作用：自生钕同位素的启示

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109055

Thomas J. Williams , Alexander M. Piotrowski , Jacob N.W. Howe , Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand , Claire S. Allen , Josephine A. Clegg

Approximately 1,250,000 to 700,000 years ago, the pacing of glacial-interglacial cycles changed from 41,000 years to ∼100,000 years, a shift known as the ‘Mid-Pleistocene Transition’ (MPT). The cause – or causes – of this shift remain uncertain. However, changes in ocean circulation and removal of northern hemisphere regolith have both been proposed as potential triggers. Here, we present continuous, orbitally resolved reconstructions of deep ocean neodymium isotopes from three locations in the equatorial Atlantic, Indian and southwest Pacific oceans, spanning 1.7 million years from the Holocene to before the MPT, to test these two hypotheses. We find that global seawater neodymium isotope variability over glacial-interglacial cycles is controlled by changes in both neodymium input to the North Atlantic and deep ocean mixing. Using this neodymium isotope data, we show that enhanced northern hemisphere regolith removal began approximately 1.45 million years ago, ∼200,000 years prior to the onset of the MPT and ∼500,000 years prior to a major expansion in northern hemisphere ice sheets between ∼900,000 and 870,000 years ago. This ice sheet expansion was immediately preceded by an interval of reduced mixing of Atlantic-sourced waters into the deep southwest Pacific Ocean. We hypothesize that this circulation reorganization reflected increased stratification of the deep Southern Ocean interior, possibly in response to cooling and Antarctic sea ice expansion at this time. Taken together, these data suggest an expansion and/or thickening of northern hemisphere ice sheets during the MPT was facilitated by a combination of reduced northern hemisphere regolith cover alongside Southern Ocean circulation changes. Together, these shifts allowed the build up of larger northern hemisphere ice sheets that were more resistant to deglaciation, facilitating the longer glacial cycles of the post-MPT world.

大约 125 万年至 70 万年前，冰川-间冰期周期的步调从 4.1 万年变为 10 万年，这一转变被称为 "中更新世过渡"（MPT）。这一转变的原因仍不确定。然而，海洋环流的变化和北半球碎屑岩的移除都被认为是潜在的触发因素。在这里，我们展示了赤道大西洋、印度洋和西南太平洋三个地点的深海钕同位素的连续、轨道解析重建结果，时间跨度为全新世至 MPT 之前的 170 万年，以检验这两种假设。我们发现，冰川-间冰期周期的全球海水钕同位素变化受北大西洋钕输入和深海混合的变化控制。利用这些钕同位素数据，我们表明北半球碎屑岩移除的增强大约始于 145 万年前，比大冰期开始早 20 万年，比北半球冰盖在 90 万年至 87 万年前的一次大扩张早 50 万年。在冰盖扩张之前，来自大西洋的海水进入西南太平洋深层的混合活动曾一度减少。我们假设，这种环流重组反映了南大洋内部深层分层的增加，可能是对此时南极海冰扩张和降温的反应。综合来看，这些数据表明，北半球碎屑岩覆盖面积的减少和南大洋环流的变化共同促进了北半球冰盖在大洋深度年期间的扩张和/或增厚。这些变化使得北半球冰盖的面积增大，更能抵御冰川消融，从而促进了后大冰期世界更长的冰川周期。

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引用次数: 0

Wooden hafting technology in the early Neanderthal site of Poggetti Vecchi (Italy) 意大利波盖蒂韦基早期尼安德特人遗址中的木柄技术

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109014

Silvia Florindi , Fabio Santaniello , Biancamaria Aranguren , Stefano Grimaldi , Cesare Melandri , Daniela Puzio , Anna Revedin

The invention of hafted tools, between about 500 Ka and 250 Ka years ago, was a fundamental technological innovation that has shaped human social, cognitive, and biological capabilities. Despite the recurrent evidence of hafting observed on lithic tools, handles from this period are rare since they were probably made of perishable materials. Three exceptional wooden sticks interpreted as handles have been found in the Poggetti Vecchi site, allowing a deeper investigation of the technical capabilities of the early Neanderthals who frequented the site around 170,000 years ago. The handles and the lithic tools with hafting traces were analysed using a techno-functional approach, suggesting that they could have been attached to each other to create a specific composite hafted tool. The efficiency of the composite hafted tool was tested through a detailed experimental programme. The results highlighted, for the first time, the complex production processes used to create a composite hafted tool that could have been used to butcher the carcases of the large fauna that are well attested at the site.

约在距今 500 Ka 至 250 Ka 年之间发明的带柄工具是一项基本的技术创新，它塑造了人类的社会、认知和生物能力。尽管在石器上经常可以看到有柄的证据，但这一时期的柄却很少见，因为它们很可能是用易腐烂的材料制成的。在 Poggetti Vecchi 遗址发现了三件被解释为手柄的特殊木棍，从而可以更深入地研究约 17 万年前经常光顾该遗址的早期尼安德特人的技术能力。我们采用技术功能方法分析了手柄和带有锤柄痕迹的石器，认为它们可以相互连接，从而制造出特定的复合锤柄工具。通过一项详细的实验计划，对复合锤状工具的效率进行了测试。实验结果首次凸显了用于制造复合柄工具的复杂生产工艺，而这种工具本可以用于屠宰该遗址出土的大型动物尸体。

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引用次数: 0

Reshaping a woolly rhinoceros: Discovery of a fat hump on its back 重塑毛犀：发现犀牛背上的脂肪驼峰

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109013

Gennady G. Boeskorov , Marina V. Shchelchkova , Albert V. Protopopov , Nadezhda V. Kryukova , Ruslan I. Belyaev

Until now, a key question in reconstructing the appearance of the woolly rhinoceros has remained open: why did various Paleolithic artists often depict this animal with a hump on its back? Previous findings of mummies of this rhinoceros either had no hump or this area of the carcass was damaged. In this study, we describe the discovery of a subadult Coelodonta antiquitatis mummy (4–4.5 years old) from the permafrost of Yakutia. This is the first time that the presence of a hump in the neck and withers area has been reliably established. The hump of the studied rhinoceros measures 36 cm in length, 13 cm in height, and 14 cm in thickness, and is filled with adipose tissue. The dimensions of the subcutaneous and hump adipocytes probably indicate that the hump was filled with white fat. The presence of a fat hump in the woolly rhinoceros represents a distinctive adaptation that is not typical of the extant large mammals in the northern latitudes and likely contributed to their survival during the harsh winters of the Ice Age. This discovery shows that Paleolithic artists from Chauvet Cave made strikingly accurate depictions of the exterior of a woolly rhinoceros.

到目前为止，重建毛犀外观的一个关键问题仍未解决：为什么旧石器时代的各种艺术家经常描绘这种动物的背部有一个驼峰？以前发现的这种犀牛的木乃伊要么没有驼峰，要么躯体的这一区域遭到破坏。在这项研究中，我们描述了在雅库特的永久冻土层中发现的一具亚成犀牛木乃伊（4-4.5 岁）。这是首次可靠地证实颈部和腰部存在驼峰。研究犀牛的驼峰长 36 厘米、高 13 厘米、厚 14 厘米，由脂肪组织填充。皮下脂肪细胞和驼峰脂肪细胞的尺寸可能表明，驼峰内充满了白色脂肪。毛犀牛脂肪驼峰的存在代表了一种独特的适应性，这种适应性在北纬地区现存的大型哺乳动物中并不典型，很可能有助于它们在冰河时期的严冬中生存下来。这一发现表明，来自 Chauvet 洞穴的旧石器时代艺术家对毛犀牛的外部进行了惊人的精确描绘。

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引用次数: 0

Radiocarbon dating and isotopic paleoecology of Notiomastodon platensis (Mammalia: Proboscidea) from the late Pleistocene of Minas Gerais, Brazil 巴西米纳斯吉拉斯晚更新世Notiomastodon platensis（哺乳纲：长鼻目）的放射性碳年代测定和同位素古生态学研究

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109060

Tawane Carvalho Fonte Boa Machado , Dimila Mothé , Douglas Riff , Alexander Cherkinsky , Mário André Trindade Dantas

Proboscidea is a group of large mammals abundant in the fossil record and in Brazil it is represented by Notiomastodon platensis (Ameghino, 1888). To improve the understanding on its taxonomy, chronology, annual diet, and habitats paleoenvironmental aspects, we conducted a morphological description, absolute dating, and analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) in Notiomastodon' remains from the northern (Norte de Minas) and western (Triângulo Mineiro) mesoregions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The material includes isolated teeth, mandibular portions, and postcranial bones at different levels of fragmentation, associated with at least eight adults and one juvenile. The only individual from Triângulo, found in Campina Verde municipality, was dated at 27,715–27,903 Cal yr BP. It presented a mixed diet based on C₄ plants (p_iC₄ = 90 %; δ¹³C = 0.5 ‰), which implies the occupation of an open environment, mostly pasture. The region was relatively humid (δ¹⁸O = 24.7 ‰), which is supported by the existence of humidity corridors in the Amazon region. A similar phytophysiognomy was inferred for the Norte de Minas region between at least 21,966–22,279 Cal yr BP and 18,944–19,157 Cal yr BP. However, one specimen showed a different δ¹³C value (p_iC₃ = 0.87 %; δ¹³C = −10.2 ‰). This indicates it lived in a transitional environment between low-density forest and arboreal savannah. This likely occurred during a period that favored the expansion of trees and shrubs. The region underwent climate change, from relatively humid conditions (δ¹⁸O = 25.6 ± 0.2 ‰) to expressively dry (δ¹⁸O = 34.6 ‰) between the dated periods, a change corroborated by some palynological data. The multiannual paleoecological analysis, based on sequential sampling of three dentin layers of an incisor, indicated the relative stability of vegetation and climate despite fluctuations in hydrology. The perceived disassociation between vegetation dynamics and local hydrology corroborates the idea that factors other than precipitation may play a significant role in the environmental dynamics of the Cerrado biome.

长鼻目（Proboscidea）是化石记录中非常丰富的一类大型哺乳动物，巴西的代表动物是Notiomastodon platensis（Ameghino，1888年）。为了加深对其分类、年代学、年食性和栖息地古环境等方面的了解，我们对巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州北部（Norte de Minas）和西部（Triângulo Mineiro）中区的Notiomastodon遗骸进行了形态描述、绝对年代测定以及碳和氧稳定同位素（δ13C和δ18O）分析。这些材料包括孤立的牙齿、下颌骨部分和颅后骨骼，破碎程度不一，至少与八个成年个体和一个幼年个体有关。来自特里安古洛的唯一个体发现于坎皮纳韦尔德市，其年代为公元前 27,715-27,903 卡年。它的食物以 C4 植物为主（piC4 = 90 %；δ13C = 0.5 ‰），这意味着它生活在一个开阔的环境中，主要是牧场。该地区相对潮湿（δ18O = 24.7 ‰），亚马逊地区存在的湿度走廊也证明了这一点。至少在 21,966-22,279 Cal yr BP 和 18,944-19,157 Cal yr BP 之间，北米纳斯地区也有类似的植物生理学推断。然而，有一个标本显示了不同的δ13C 值（piC3 = 0.87 %；δ13C = -10.2‰）。这表明它生活在低密度森林和树栖稀树草原之间的过渡环境中。这很可能发生在有利于树木和灌木扩展的时期。在两个年代之间，该地区经历了从相对潮湿（δ18O = 25.6 ± 0.2 ‰）到明显干燥（δ18O = 34.6 ‰）的气候变化，一些古生物学数据也证实了这一变化。根据对一颗门牙的三个牙本质层的连续取样进行的多年度古生态分析表明，尽管水文存在波动，但植被和气候相对稳定。植被动态与当地水文之间的明显脱节证实了这样一种观点，即除降水外，其他因素也可能在塞拉多生物群落的环境动态中发挥重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Deep north atlantic circulation strength: Glacial-interglacial variability over the last 400,000 years 北大西洋深层环流强度：过去 40 万年冰川-间冰期的变化

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109011

N. Stevenard , C. Kissel , A. Govin , C. Wandres

Most of the high-resolution studies investigating the past variability of the deep North Atlantic circulation are focused on recent timescales, but little is known for periods older than the last glacial period. Based on magnetic, elemental and physical grain-size proxies of three pairs of sediment cores located South of Iceland, we reconstructed the past changes in grain-size and basaltic-derived grain concentration over the last 400 ka (1 ka = 1000 years). The source and grain-size proxies exhibit highly similar variations between the three sites, suggesting they are affected by the same regional process. Persistently lower concentrations and finer grain-sizes recorded in the southernmost and deeper site compared to the northern sites indicate a North to South gradient that is consistent with the southward transport of sediments from a northern basaltic source by a deep current. Therefore, we interpret changes recorded by the ensemble of proxies at the three sites as past variations in the ISOW intensity. These new results show persistent influence, over the entire 400 ka, of a southward deep-water flow in the subpolar North Atlantic, from 1800 to 2800 m water depth. The “off mode” of deep Atlantic circulation during Heinrich events suggested by many studies is therefore questioned. This study extends the previous observations made for the 20–65 ka period over the last 400 ka. Our results also show that the three studied sites are bathed by a deep-water mass formed in the Nordic Seas, during both glacial and interglacial periods, suggesting that the present-day convection areas were still active during glacial periods. Our ISOW intensity records are highly similar to those of deep-water ventilation. We propose that the strength of overflows in the North Atlantic regulates the volume of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and its southward transport in the Atlantic basin. Therefore, the Southern source waters may only act as an opportunistic component of the deep Atlantic circulation, invading or retreating depending on the NADW strength.

大多数调查北大西洋深层环流过去变异性的高分辨率研究都集中在最近的时间尺度上，但对上一个冰川期之前的时期却知之甚少。根据冰岛南部三对沉积岩芯的磁性、元素和物理粒度代用指标，我们重建了过去 400 ka（1 ka = 1000 年）内粒度和玄武岩衍生颗粒浓度的变化。三个地点的来源和粒度代用指标呈现出高度相似的变化，表明它们受到了同一区域过程的影响。与北部站点相比，最南端和最深站点记录到的浓度和粒度持续较低，这表明存在一个由北向南的梯度，与深海洋流从北部玄武岩源头向南输送沉积物的情况一致。因此，我们将这三个地点的代用指标组合所记录的变化解释为过去 ISOW 强度的变化。这些新结果表明，在整个 400 ka 期间，北大西洋副极地水深 1800 米至 2800 米处的南向深水洋流持续产生影响。因此，许多研究提出的海因里希事件期间大西洋深层环流的 "关闭模式 "受到了质疑。这项研究将以前对 20-65 ka 期间的观测结果延伸到了过去的 400 ka 期间。我们的研究结果还表明，在冰川期和间冰期，所研究的三个地点都被北欧海域形成的深水体所覆盖，这表明在冰川期，现今的对流区域仍然活跃。我们的 ISOW 强度记录与深水通气记录高度相似。我们认为，北大西洋的溢流强度调节着北大西洋深水（NADW）的水量及其在大西洋海盆中的南向输送。因此，南源水可能只是大西洋深层环流的一个机会性组成部分，其入侵或撤退取决于 NADW 的强度。

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引用次数: 0

Late Pleistocene to present landscape and anthropomorphic change in the Keerqin (Horqin) Sandy Land, China: Insights from sedimentary records 中国科尔沁沙地晚更新世至今的地貌和人类形态变化：沉积记录的启示

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109046

Airui Li , Xiaoping Yang , Xulong Wang , Jinhua Du , Deguo Zhang , Bo Chen , Louis Scuderi

The current distribution of dune fields and sandy lands in northeastern China is closely related to the hydrological environment with fluvial processes often providing sediments for dune formation. The Keerqin Sandy Land (also known as Horqin) incised by the tributaries of the West Liao River and located at the northern boundary of East Asian summer monsoon (EAM) in northeastern China, is sensitive to monsoon system variability. As such, aeolian-fluvial-paleosol sequences in northeastern China are valuable geological archives for reconstructing river system behavior and palaeoclimate since the Late Quaternary. Here we show from analysis of these archives that fluvial systems were active at ∼11 ka likely due to the occurrence of floods at the end of the last glaciation. This was followed by frequent channel migration within the floodplains around 7∼5 ka associated with mid-Holocene monsoon precipitation fluctuation and higher humidity. Sediments from this active Holocene fluvial system along with a more humid climate produced conditions in the Keerqin Sandy Land that resulted in extensive paleosol formation. These findings are consistent with the timing and development of paleosols in other sandy lands in northeastern China. Former channels and floodplains along with a higher groundwater table aided the early development of agriculture in this region: many of the former flood plains are still intensively cultivated and highly productive.

中国东北地区目前的沙丘地和沙地分布与水文环境密切相关，河川过程往往为沙丘的形成提供了沉积物。西辽河支流切入的科尔沁沙地（又称科尔沁沙地）位于中国东北地区东亚夏季季风（EAM）的北部边界，对季风系统的变化非常敏感。因此，中国东北部的风化-流积-古沉积序列是重建晚第四纪以来河流系统行为和古气候的宝贵地质档案。在此，我们通过对这些档案的分析表明，可能由于末次冰川末期的洪水泛滥，河流系统在 ∼11 ka 活跃。随后，在 7∼5 ka 前后，随着全新世中期季风降水量的波动和湿度的增加，洪泛平原上的河道频繁迁移。全新世活跃的河道系统所产生的沉积物以及更加湿润的气候为科尔沁沙地提供了条件，从而形成了大量的古沉积物。这些发现与中国东北地区其他沙地的古溶胶形成时间和发展情况一致。昔日的河道和冲积平原以及较高的地下水位有助于该地区农业的早期发展：许多昔日的冲积平原至今仍有大量的耕地和高产田。

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引用次数: 0

Retreating ice sheet caused a transition from cold-dry to cold-humid conditions in arid Central Asia 冰盖退缩导致中亚干旱地区从寒冷干燥过渡到寒冷潮湿环境

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109057

Liangqing Cheng , Hao Long , Jingran Zhang , Yubin Wu , Jun Cheng , Linhai Yang , Hongyi Cheng

Water is critical for ecological systems in arid regions, making it imperative to understand how moisture in arid Central Asia (CA) responds to anthropogenic warming. The oscillation of warming and cooling events since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼24–19.5 ka) provides a window for exploring the relationship between moisture and temperature. Employing 109 luminescence ages derived from eight sand dune sediment cores in the Bayanbulak Basin in the CA, this study endeavors to reconstruct the evolution of sand accumulation, and by extension, moisture dynamics. We found that pre-Holocene sand accumulation was predominant during the LGM and Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, ∼18–14.6 ka), indicative of a cold-dry climate prevailing during these two cold stages. During the Holocene, sand accumulation during Early Holocene is significantly stronger than that during Middle-late Holocene, supporting a long-term wetting trend. Additionally, this study reveals that the colder Little Ice Age (LIA, ∼0.55–0.2 ka) exhibited a wetter condition compared to the warmer Medieval Warming Period (MWP, ∼1–0.55 ka), indicating a cold-humid climate during the LIA. Corroborated by TraCE-21ka (Transient Climate of the Last 21,000 Years) simulation, we propose that diminished evaporation over North Atlantic during the LGM and HS1 potentially led to a reduction in water vapor transported by westerlies to the CA. During the Middle and Late Holocene, increased evaporation over North Atlantic, attributed to decreased ice sheet, westerlies intensity became the primary limiting factor. Notably, stronger westerlies during the LIA could have contributed to elevated moisture levels compared to the MWP. These findings not only resolve the debate surrounding the transition from cold-dry to cold-humid conditions but also enhance our comprehension of future moisture variations.

水对于干旱地区的生态系统至关重要，因此了解中亚干旱地区的水汽如何对人为变暖做出反应至关重要。自末次冰川极盛时期（LGM，∼24-19.5 ka）以来，气候变暖和变冷的振荡为探索水分与温度之间的关系提供了一个窗口。本研究利用从加利福尼亚州巴音布鲁克盆地的八个沙丘沉积物岩心中提取的 109 个发光年龄，试图重建沙丘堆积的演变过程，并进而重建湿度动态。我们发现，在全新世和海因里希晚期 1（HS1，∼18-14.6 ka）期间，全新世以前的积沙占主导地位，表明在这两个寒冷阶段盛行寒冷干燥的气候。在全新世期间，全新世早期的积沙明显强于全新世中晚期，支持了长期湿润的趋势。此外，该研究还揭示了较冷的小冰河时期（LIA，∼0.55-0.2 ka）与较暖的中世纪温暖期（MWP，∼1-0.55 ka）相比呈现出较湿润的状态，表明小冰河时期气候寒冷潮湿。通过TraCE-21ka（Transient Climate of the Last 21,000Years）模拟，我们认为，在LGM和HS1期间，北大西洋蒸发量的减少可能导致西风向CA输送的水汽减少。在全新世中期和晚期，北大西洋蒸发量的增加归因于冰盖的减少，西风强度成为主要的限制因素。值得注意的是，与小水期间相比，大水期间更强的西风可能导致了水汽水平的升高。这些发现不仅解决了围绕从寒冷干燥过渡到寒冷潮湿条件的争论，而且提高了我们对未来水汽变化的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Prehistoric Italian foodways: Meta-analysis of stable isotope data from the Neolithic to the Iron Age 史前意大利人的饮食习惯：从新石器时代到铁器时代稳定同位素数据的元分析

IF 3.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Quaternary Science Reviews

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109056

Martina Farese , Silvia Soncin , John Robb , Mary Anne Tafuri

Italian Later Prehistory was characterised by profound changes that impacted everyday life in many aspects. Whether or not and how such changes were reflected in the subsistence practices of ancient populations is an ongoing question in the archaeological debate. This question has been investigated using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis for several decades. Here, we present a 6000-year-long review of isotopic studies in the Italian Peninsula from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. We reconstruct chronological variations in food practices by observing δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N trends for 776 humans, 382 animals, and 432 C₃ plants from 111 archaeological sites. During the Neolithic, when farming is first introduced, a homogenous signal characterised by terrestrial protein consumption is visible. The Copper Age, instead, shows a more varied pattern, possibly representative of a more diversified use of the landscape, characteristic of those millennia. The new cultural paradigm that invested Europe during the Bronze Age is also reflected in food practices in Italy, with the introduction of millets - signalled by high δ¹³C values in the Northern regions - possibly representing a pivotal shift. Not much data is available for the Iron Age, as only two sites from Northern Italy, showing a diffused consumption of C₄ plants, and one site from Southern Italy, with a diet centred around C₃ plants, are available for this period. The analysis of this extensive set of data suggests that the “Secondary Products Revolution” probably meant a shift in subsistence practices, with secondary sources substituting meat rather than integrating it.

意大利史前晚期的特点是发生了深刻的变化，对日常生活产生了多方面的影响。这些变化是否以及如何反映在古代人的生存方式中，是考古学界一直在争论的问题。几十年来，人们一直在使用稳定碳和氮同位素分析方法研究这个问题。在此，我们回顾了意大利半岛从新石器时代到铁器时代长达 6000 年的同位素研究。我们通过观察 111 个考古遗址中 776 个人类、382 种动物和 432 种 C3 植物的 δ13C 和 δ15N 变化趋势，重建了食物习俗的年代变化。在新石器时代，即农耕开始的时期，可以看到以陆地蛋白质消耗为特征的同质信号。而铜器时代则呈现出一种更加多样化的模式，可能代表了那几千年对地貌更加多样化的利用。青铜时代欧洲的新文化模式也反映在意大利的饮食习惯中，黍的引入--北部地区的高δ13C 值表明了这一点--可能是一个关键的转变。铁器时代的数据并不多，只有两个来自意大利北部的遗址和一个来自意大利南部的遗址，前者显示了 C4 植物的广泛食用，后者则以 C3 植物为主要食物。对这些大量数据的分析表明，"副产品革命 "可能意味着生存方式的转变，副产品替代了肉类，而不是将肉类融入其中。

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引用次数: 0