Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109139
Pingping Li , Guoqiang Chu , Patrick Rioual , Nan Zhan , Guibin Zhang , Zeyang Zhu , Li Qi , Manman Xie , Yuan Ling , Qing Sun
Paleotemperature changes since the last deglaciation provide key insights for understanding gradual and abrupt paleoclimate changes and their forcing factors in different climatic backgrounds. However, there are notable discrepancies between different temperature time series. Here we report a high-resolution temperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from annually laminated sediments of the Sihailongwan maar lake in northeastern China and compare it with temperature records from pollen and long-chain alkenones. The brGDGTs-based mean lake water temperature reconstruction shows a mean temperature of 6.1 °C for the Older Dryas, followed by an increase of 2.6 °C until the peak of the Bølling-Allerød, a decrease to 7.8 °C during the Younger Dryas, and a warming from the beginning of the Holocene until 6 ka BP, and finally a gradual decrease until modern times. Although seasonal biases and interpretations differ in different proxy-based reconstructions, all records show broadly similar temperature changes since the last deglaciation. The results suggest that the temperature variations recorded in Sihailongwan maar lake are coupled with high latitude ice-sheet dynamics through atmosphere-ocean circulation systems. The gradual temperature changes could be mainly associated with the ice-volume, while the abrupt variations of the temperature could be related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon and solar activity.
{"title":"Independent temperature records since the last deglaciation from the varved sediments of Sihailongwan maar lake, northeastern China","authors":"Pingping Li , Guoqiang Chu , Patrick Rioual , Nan Zhan , Guibin Zhang , Zeyang Zhu , Li Qi , Manman Xie , Yuan Ling , Qing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paleotemperature changes since the last deglaciation provide key insights for understanding gradual and abrupt paleoclimate changes and their forcing factors in different climatic backgrounds. However, there are notable discrepancies between different temperature time series. Here we report a high-resolution temperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from annually laminated sediments of the Sihailongwan maar lake in northeastern China and compare it with temperature records from pollen and long-chain alkenones. The brGDGTs-based mean lake water temperature reconstruction shows a mean temperature of 6.1 °C for the Older Dryas, followed by an increase of 2.6 °C until the peak of the Bølling-Allerød, a decrease to 7.8 °C during the Younger Dryas, and a warming from the beginning of the Holocene until 6 ka BP, and finally a gradual decrease until modern times. Although seasonal biases and interpretations differ in different proxy-based reconstructions, all records show broadly similar temperature changes since the last deglaciation. The results suggest that the temperature variations recorded in Sihailongwan maar lake are coupled with high latitude ice-sheet dynamics through atmosphere-ocean circulation systems. The gradual temperature changes could be mainly associated with the ice-volume, while the abrupt variations of the temperature could be related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon and solar activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 109139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109136
Giovanni Scardino , Alessio Rovere , Chiara Barile , N.A.K. Nandasena , Denovan Chauveau , Malena Dahm , Patrick Boyden , Sonia Bejarano , Elisa Casella , Harold Kelly , Eric Mijts , Giovanni Scicchitano
Large coastal boulders are ubiquitous geomorphological features that are emplaced along coasts by extreme marine events such as storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis. Many large coastal boulders have been identified on emergent fossil coral reefs on the windward sides of the Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (ABC) islands in the Leeward Antilles of the Caribbean. Here, structure-from-motion/multi-view stereo techniques were used to map boulder sizes at several coastal sites in the ABC Islands as well as construct digital terrain models of the surrounding areas. Chronological constraints on boulder transport were established through the radiocarbon dating of the vermetids and coral colonies that comprised boulders located along a ridge on Aruba Island. A suite of hydrodynamic models was used to empirically derive the required flow thresholds for boulder displacement to determine whether tsunamis or hurricanes were responsible for detaching and transporting these boulders. Our results suggest that multiple tsunamis, most likely triggered by the El Pilar fault, located near the Venezuelan coast, were the cause of boulder detachment and transport in this region during the Holocene, between 4000 and 500 years BP.
{"title":"Coastal boulders emplaced by extreme wave events impacting the ABC islands (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao; Leeward Antilles, Caribbean)","authors":"Giovanni Scardino , Alessio Rovere , Chiara Barile , N.A.K. Nandasena , Denovan Chauveau , Malena Dahm , Patrick Boyden , Sonia Bejarano , Elisa Casella , Harold Kelly , Eric Mijts , Giovanni Scicchitano","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large coastal boulders are ubiquitous geomorphological features that are emplaced along coasts by extreme marine events such as storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis. Many large coastal boulders have been identified on emergent fossil coral reefs on the windward sides of the Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (ABC) islands in the Leeward Antilles of the Caribbean. Here, structure-from-motion/multi-view stereo techniques were used to map boulder sizes at several coastal sites in the ABC Islands as well as construct digital terrain models of the surrounding areas. Chronological constraints on boulder transport were established through the radiocarbon dating of the vermetids and coral colonies that comprised boulders located along a ridge on Aruba Island. A suite of hydrodynamic models was used to empirically derive the required flow thresholds for boulder displacement to determine whether tsunamis or hurricanes were responsible for detaching and transporting these boulders. Our results suggest that multiple tsunamis, most likely triggered by the El Pilar fault, located near the Venezuelan coast, were the cause of boulder detachment and transport in this region during the Holocene, between 4000 and 500 years BP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 109136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109142
Lynn Welton , Emily Hammer , Francesca Chelazzi , Michelle de Gruchy , Jane Gaastra , Dan Lawrence
Land use and land cover (LULC) changes have important biophysical and biogeochemical effects on climate via a variety of mechanisms. Several climate modelling studies have demonstrated the impact of LULC scenarios on past climate reconstructions. Testing the impact of anthropogenic land use on mid-Holocene climate thus requires reconstructions of land use that accurately reflect this time frame. To address these concerns, the PAGES LandCover6k working group aims to create data-driven gridded global reconstructions of land use and land cover to provide the climate modelling community with inputs for sensitivity testing of the impact of LULC changes on global climate. As one of the earliest global centres of domestication, agricultural production, and population nucleation, Southwest Asia represents one of the areas of the world expected to display the greatest land use impact and human-induced land cover change at 6 kya, and is therefore critical for the mid-Holocene time frame. Here, we reconstruct land use for Southwest Asia for the 6 kya time frame at a regional scale. We draw on environmental data to reconstruct the range of possible land uses within each particular environment and on archaeological and historical data to reconstruct actualized land use. We then compare this reconstruction to common global LULC models, including the most recent HYDE and KK10 iterations. The reconstruction presented here differs from these previous reconstructions in its methodological approach, spatial extent and resolution. It also differs from both models in population density distribution and land use allocation. While the output of our reconstruction is generally more similar to HYDE 3.2 than KK10, particularly in terms of reconstructed pastoral land use, we model greater agricultural land use than HYDE across the entire region, and less land use overall compared with KK10. The paper provides a method for systematically incorporating archaeological data into models of past land use and demonstrates the value of such an approach for enhancing empirical validity.
{"title":"A multi-proxy reconstruction of anthropogenic land use in southwest Asia at 6 kya: Combining archaeological, ethnographic and environmental datasets","authors":"Lynn Welton , Emily Hammer , Francesca Chelazzi , Michelle de Gruchy , Jane Gaastra , Dan Lawrence","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land use and land cover (LULC) changes have important biophysical and biogeochemical effects on climate via a variety of mechanisms. Several climate modelling studies have demonstrated the impact of LULC scenarios on past climate reconstructions. Testing the impact of anthropogenic land use on mid-Holocene climate thus requires reconstructions of land use that accurately reflect this time frame. To address these concerns, the PAGES LandCover6k working group aims to create data-driven gridded global reconstructions of land use and land cover to provide the climate modelling community with inputs for sensitivity testing of the impact of LULC changes on global climate. As one of the earliest global centres of domestication, agricultural production, and population nucleation, Southwest Asia represents one of the areas of the world expected to display the greatest land use impact and human-induced land cover change at 6 kya, and is therefore critical for the mid-Holocene time frame. Here, we reconstruct land use for Southwest Asia for the 6 kya time frame at a regional scale. We draw on environmental data to reconstruct the range of possible land uses within each particular environment and on archaeological and historical data to reconstruct actualized land use. We then compare this reconstruction to common global LULC models, including the most recent HYDE and KK10 iterations. The reconstruction presented here differs from these previous reconstructions in its methodological approach, spatial extent and resolution. It also differs from both models in population density distribution and land use allocation. While the output of our reconstruction is generally more similar to HYDE 3.2 than KK10, particularly in terms of reconstructed pastoral land use, we model greater agricultural land use than HYDE across the entire region, and less land use overall compared with KK10. The paper provides a method for systematically incorporating archaeological data into models of past land use and demonstrates the value of such an approach for enhancing empirical validity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 109142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109165
Rebecca J. Kearney , Jeremy Goff , Victoria Smith , Markus J. Schwab , Yavuz Özdemir , Özgür Karaoǧlu , Matthew Thirlwall , Dan N. Barfod , Oona Appelt , Christina Günter , Jan Fietzke , Nadine Pickarski , Ina Neugebauer , Rik Tjallingii , Achim Brauer
The volcanoes of Nemrut and Süphan in the Eastern Anatolian Volcanic Province (EAVP) are significant sources of volcanic ash (tephra), which are found in palaeoclimatic and archaeological records in the eastern Mediterranean region. However, there is sparse glass geochemistry and little known about the eruption history of these volcanoes, limiting their full tephrochronological potential. Here, we present detailed, comprehensive single-shard major, minor and trace elem geochemistry of tephra deposits sampled at new and previously studied proximal outcrops around Lake Van and fourteen visible tephra layers (V-layers) from the ICDP Ahlat Ridge (AR) core of Lake Van spanning 130 to 30 ka. The volcanic glass from the following proximal eruption units: Lower Trachytic Pumice (LT-P), Lower Trachytic Ignimbrite (LT-I), Middle Pumices, Upper Rhyolitic Pumice and Ignimbrite (UR-PI), Upper Trachytic Ignimbrite (UT-I), and the chosen V-layers were geochemically characterised. This new glass data allows new and revised previous chrono-stratigraphic correlations between the proximal units and several V-layers. Mixed rhyolitic and trachytic glasses of V-18a correlate to the UR-P and UR-I proximal tephra units, and to previously published data from the Middle Nemrut (M-NF)-O, M-NF-I, Tatvan Ignimbrite and AP-8 units. These are all from the same caldera forming eruption of Nemrut at ∼33 ka. Glasses of the older V-30 layer correlate to a Middle Pumice Unit and M-NF-R, and V-45 represents the ‘Çekmece Formation’. The trachytic glasses of V-51 correlate to LT-P, LT-I and the M-NF-Agglutinate unit erupted from Nemrut. The distinctive basaltic glasses from V-60 correlate to an eruption of İncekaya and V-64 is a newly identified eruption from the Süphan volcano. The older V-layers identified and analysed are from Nemrut based on comparing the new glass compositions to previously published whole-rock and glass data. This comparison indicates the V-75 pantelleritic tephra correlates to the dated AP-4 proximal unit. Each of these large eruptions are easily chemically differentiated using SiO2, FeOt, CaO and Al2O3. The integration of the proximal outcrops with the continuous, well-constrained Lake Van sedimentary medial record provides a detailed tephrostratigraphic record in a volcanic region where the proximal outcrop record is fragmented and confusing.
{"title":"Glass geochemistry and tephrostratigraphy of key tephra layers in and around Lake Van, Eastern Anatolian Volcanic Province (EAVP)","authors":"Rebecca J. Kearney , Jeremy Goff , Victoria Smith , Markus J. Schwab , Yavuz Özdemir , Özgür Karaoǧlu , Matthew Thirlwall , Dan N. Barfod , Oona Appelt , Christina Günter , Jan Fietzke , Nadine Pickarski , Ina Neugebauer , Rik Tjallingii , Achim Brauer","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The volcanoes of Nemrut and Süphan in the Eastern Anatolian Volcanic Province (EAVP) are significant sources of volcanic ash (tephra), which are found in palaeoclimatic and archaeological records in the eastern Mediterranean region. However, there is sparse glass geochemistry and little known about the eruption history of these volcanoes, limiting their full tephrochronological potential. Here, we present detailed, comprehensive single-shard major, minor and trace elem geochemistry of tephra deposits sampled at new and previously studied proximal outcrops around Lake Van and fourteen visible tephra layers (V-layers) from the ICDP Ahlat Ridge (AR) core of Lake Van spanning 130 to 30 ka. The volcanic glass from the following proximal eruption units: Lower Trachytic Pumice (LT-P), Lower Trachytic Ignimbrite (LT-I), Middle Pumices, Upper Rhyolitic Pumice and Ignimbrite (UR-PI), Upper Trachytic Ignimbrite (UT-I), and the chosen V-layers were geochemically characterised. This new glass data allows new and revised previous chrono-stratigraphic correlations between the proximal units and several V-layers. Mixed rhyolitic and trachytic glasses of V-18a correlate to the UR-P and UR-I proximal tephra units, and to previously published data from the Middle Nemrut (M-NF)-O, M-NF-I, Tatvan Ignimbrite and AP-8 units. These are all from the same caldera forming eruption of Nemrut at ∼33 ka. Glasses of the older V-30 layer correlate to a Middle Pumice Unit and M-NF-R, and V-45 represents the ‘Çekmece Formation’. The trachytic glasses of V-51 correlate to LT-P, LT-I and the M-NF-Agglutinate unit erupted from Nemrut. The distinctive basaltic glasses from V-60 correlate to an eruption of İncekaya and V-64 is a newly identified eruption from the Süphan volcano. The older V-layers identified and analysed are from Nemrut based on comparing the new glass compositions to previously published whole-rock and glass data. This comparison indicates the V-75 pantelleritic tephra correlates to the dated AP-4 proximal unit. Each of these large eruptions are easily chemically differentiated using SiO<sub>2</sub>, FeO<sub>t</sub>, CaO and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The integration of the proximal outcrops with the continuous, well-constrained Lake Van sedimentary medial record provides a detailed tephrostratigraphic record in a volcanic region where the proximal outcrop record is fragmented and confusing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 109165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Balkan Peninsula is a key biogeographical region in Southern Europe, which acted as a refugium for late Pleistocene flora and fauna during cold spells and favoured the survival of Neanderthals and the migration of modern human populations. This study focuses on the site of Dalani i Vogël (DIV), selected from a cluster of open-air coastal sites north of Vlora (Triporti-Portonovo area, Albania), where lithic artefacts have been related to a multi-layered profile exposed by sea erosion. We sampled the DIV sequence for geochronological analyses (OSL and 14C), magnetic susceptibility, sedimentary proxies [Loss On Ignition (LOI) steps, calcimetry, nutrients], microstratigraphy, micropaleontology and microbotanical analyses. This exploratory multi-proxy study reveals a long sequence spanning the last 43,000 years, i.e., the period from MIS 3 to 1. Sedimentological and palynological data, although sparse at some intervals due to the poor preservation of palynomorphs, generally corroborate the chronological data and help to interpret the palaeoenvironment in a lowland situated not far from the sea-coast during MIS 3. Between at least 42,900 and 38,700 years BP, Neanderthals occupied the area in a context of mainly open and patchy environments in a fluvial plain. During the Late Glacial, steppe environments were established at the time of the Heinrich Stadial 1, i.e., 16,200 ± 600 years BP. The beginning of the Holocene favoured an ecological transition from steppe to grassland vegetation communities, the latter being much more prone to wildfires. Vertic soils that developed at this time were then eventually subjected to erosion processes that resulted in a hiatus of several millennia. An Early Neolithic settlement associated with impresso pottery made its appearance in the area in a context of open woodlands, further changing to drier and more anthropised contexts. Considering the geographical position of Albania, the chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental setting obtained from this study is expected to shed new light on the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition and human dynamics that occurred in SE-Europe during MIS 3 to 1.
{"title":"Palaeoenvironmental, stratigraphic and geochronological study of the coastal site of Dalani i Vogël (Vlora, Albania): new evidence for late Neanderthal occupation and prehistoric archaeology","authors":"Federica Badino , Rudenc Ruka , Roberta Pini , Manfred Frechen , Valentina Argante , Davide Susini , Davide Abu El Khair , Roberto Comolli , Ilaria Mazzini , Davide Delpiano , Kriledjan Çipa , Davide Margaritora , Ilir Gjipali , Marco Peresani","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Balkan Peninsula is a key biogeographical region in Southern Europe, which acted as a refugium for late Pleistocene flora and fauna during cold spells and favoured the survival of Neanderthals and the migration of modern human populations. This study focuses on the site of Dalani i Vogël (DIV), selected from a cluster of open-air coastal sites north of Vlora (Triporti-Portonovo area, Albania), where lithic artefacts have been related to a multi-layered profile exposed by sea erosion. We sampled the DIV sequence for geochronological analyses (OSL and <sup>14</sup>C), magnetic susceptibility, sedimentary proxies [Loss On Ignition (LOI) steps, calcimetry, nutrients], microstratigraphy, micropaleontology and microbotanical analyses. This exploratory multi-proxy study reveals a long sequence spanning the last 43,000 years, <em>i.e.</em>, the period from MIS 3 to 1. Sedimentological and palynological data, although sparse at some intervals due to the poor preservation of palynomorphs, generally corroborate the chronological data and help to interpret the palaeoenvironment in a lowland situated not far from the sea-coast during MIS 3. Between at least 42,900 and 38,700 years BP, Neanderthals occupied the area in a context of mainly open and patchy environments in a fluvial plain. During the Late Glacial, steppe environments were established at the time of the Heinrich Stadial 1, <em>i.e</em>., 16,200 ± 600 years BP. The beginning of the Holocene favoured an ecological transition from steppe to grassland vegetation communities, the latter being much more prone to wildfires. Vertic soils that developed at this time were then eventually subjected to erosion processes that resulted in a hiatus of several millennia. An Early Neolithic settlement associated with impresso pottery made its appearance in the area in a context of open woodlands, further changing to drier and more anthropised contexts. Considering the geographical position of Albania, the chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental setting obtained from this study is expected to shed new light on the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition and human dynamics that occurred in SE-Europe during MIS 3 to 1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 109111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109063
Kim Genuite , Pierre Voinchet , Carole Nehme , Dominique Todisco , Jean-Jacques Bahain , Daniel Ballesteros , Andrew R. Farrant , Igor Girault , J. Michael Grappone , Anne Philippe , William Rapuc , Damase Mouralis
In this paper we present a detailed Quaternary evolution model of the Seine valley (France). The lower Seine valley contains very specific preserved morphological features (semi-entrenched meander cut-offs) and develops in a karstified chalky plateau (Normandy Chalk). Regional geomorphological features make it possible to combine geomorphological observations, petrological investigations as well as cross-dating analysis of fluvial sediments and karstic archives. We have reviewed former chronological data through a combination of different dating methods including ESR, U-series as well as palaeomagnetism. We also present here new dating results from both cave deposits and fluvial terrace sediments through the combined use of quartz ESR dating method and palaeomagnetism. The obtained results show river evolution extending over the entire Quaternary period. The gentle incision rate and its variations highlight the influence of climate and eustatic processes, hence a partially climate-induced uplift. Results also provide new chronological markers on the fluvial deposits for future archaeological research.
{"title":"Quaternary landscape evolution of the river Seine (France): Synthesis and new results from ESR dating and magnetostratigraphy of fluvial and cave deposits","authors":"Kim Genuite , Pierre Voinchet , Carole Nehme , Dominique Todisco , Jean-Jacques Bahain , Daniel Ballesteros , Andrew R. Farrant , Igor Girault , J. Michael Grappone , Anne Philippe , William Rapuc , Damase Mouralis","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we present a detailed Quaternary evolution model of the Seine valley (France). The lower Seine valley contains very specific preserved morphological features (semi-entrenched meander cut-offs) and develops in a karstified chalky plateau (Normandy Chalk). Regional geomorphological features make it possible to combine geomorphological observations, petrological investigations as well as cross-dating analysis of fluvial sediments and karstic archives. We have reviewed former chronological data through a combination of different dating methods including ESR, U-series as well as palaeomagnetism. We also present here new dating results from both cave deposits and fluvial terrace sediments through the combined use of quartz ESR dating method and palaeomagnetism. The obtained results show river evolution extending over the entire Quaternary period. The gentle incision rate and its variations highlight the influence of climate and eustatic processes, hence a partially climate-induced uplift. Results also provide new chronological markers on the fluvial deposits for future archaeological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 109063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109132
Antonio Rosas , Antonio García-Tabernero , Darío Fidalgo , Maximiliano Fero Meñe , Cayetano Ebana Ebana , Mateo Ornia , Javier Fernández-Martínez , Sergio Sánchez-Moral , Juan Ignacio Morales
Understanding the evolutionary history of humans within the rainforest ecosystems of Central West Africa poses a significant challenge. These environments are crucial for exploring both the biological and cultural development of Homo sapiens. However, the lack of comprehensive archaeological and chronological sequences in African rainforests hampers efforts to situate them within a broader evolutionary framework. In this study, we present findings from our surveys conducted in northern Equatorial Guinea. Specifically, in the Río Campo (also referred to as Río Ntem) region, we investigated 30 Quaternary stratigraphic outcrops, 16 of which contained stone tools. Among these, the Campo 11 site stands out due to the complexity of its lithic assemblage, representing one of the most significant indicators of human occupation in the Pleistocene of Central West Africa. Geomorphological reconstruction of the area suggests the development of a meandering fluvial system during the Upper Pleistocene. This system was characterized by sandbars and shallow channel beds overlaying a Cretaceous basement. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon (14C) dating place the occupation phases within these sedimentary units between over 44,000 and 20,000 years ago, with a lower sand unit dating back 76,000 years, marking the beginning of the Quaternary sequence. The lithic assemblages from Río Campo, particularly those from Campo 11 and Campo 4, provide compelling evidence of human presence approximately 24,000 years ago. These assemblages are characterized by tools associated with the Lupemban technocomplex, including large cutting tools, bifacial points, heavy-duty implements, Levallois cores, and occasional blade production. Their techno-typological attributes align with Middle Stone Age traditions and point to a cultural continuity rooted in the Acheulean–Sangoan–Lupemban succession, which dates back some 250,000 to 300,000 years. Nevertheless, the absence of earlier stratigraphic records limits our findings to a minimum age for human occupation in this region. The timing and extent of the earliest settlements along the Atlantic fringe remain elusive. While Lupemban industries hint at profound cultural continuity in Central African rainforests, the paucity of high-quality archaeological data prevents definitive conclusions. Further research is essential to address these gaps and fully integrate the Central West African rainforests into the broader narrative of human evolutionary history.
{"title":"Middle Stone Age (MSA) in the Atlantic rainforests of Central Africa. The case of Río Campo region in Equatorial Guinea","authors":"Antonio Rosas , Antonio García-Tabernero , Darío Fidalgo , Maximiliano Fero Meñe , Cayetano Ebana Ebana , Mateo Ornia , Javier Fernández-Martínez , Sergio Sánchez-Moral , Juan Ignacio Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the evolutionary history of humans within the rainforest ecosystems of Central West Africa poses a significant challenge. These environments are crucial for exploring both the biological and cultural development of <em>Homo sapiens</em>. However, the lack of comprehensive archaeological and chronological sequences in African rainforests hampers efforts to situate them within a broader evolutionary framework. In this study, we present findings from our surveys conducted in northern Equatorial Guinea. Specifically, in the Río Campo (also referred to as Río Ntem) region, we investigated 30 Quaternary stratigraphic outcrops, 16 of which contained stone tools. Among these, the Campo 11 site stands out due to the complexity of its lithic assemblage, representing one of the most significant indicators of human occupation in the Pleistocene of Central West Africa. Geomorphological reconstruction of the area suggests the development of a meandering fluvial system during the Upper Pleistocene. This system was characterized by sandbars and shallow channel beds overlaying a Cretaceous basement. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon (14C) dating place the occupation phases within these sedimentary units between over 44,000 and 20,000 years ago, with a lower sand unit dating back 76,000 years, marking the beginning of the Quaternary sequence. The lithic assemblages from Río Campo, particularly those from Campo 11 and Campo 4, provide compelling evidence of human presence approximately 24,000 years ago. These assemblages are characterized by tools associated with the Lupemban technocomplex, including large cutting tools, bifacial points, heavy-duty implements, Levallois cores, and occasional blade production. Their techno-typological attributes align with Middle Stone Age traditions and point to a cultural continuity rooted in the Acheulean–Sangoan–Lupemban succession, which dates back some 250,000 to 300,000 years. Nevertheless, the absence of earlier stratigraphic records limits our findings to a minimum age for human occupation in this region. The timing and extent of the earliest settlements along the Atlantic fringe remain elusive. While Lupemban industries hint at profound cultural continuity in Central African rainforests, the paucity of high-quality archaeological data prevents definitive conclusions. Further research is essential to address these gaps and fully integrate the Central West African rainforests into the broader narrative of human evolutionary history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 109132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109210
Schmitty B. Thompson , Jessica R. Creveling , Jerry X. Mitrovica
Reconstructions of peak global mean sea-level (GMSL) change during the interglacials and interstadials between Quaternary glacial cycles provide insight into the past behavior of the cryosphere and climate system and may inform projections of future change. Erosional and constructional terraces and other relative indicators of past sea-level high stands are a key component of GMSL reconstructions as these indicators provide a geographically widespread dataset that is readily comparable to geophysical model predictions. However, along tectonically active margins, the present-day elevation of a relative sea level (RSL) indicator reflects vertical motion due to active tectonics (and other processes) such that any inference of GMSL involves a correction for the latter (and vice versa). The most robust method to estimate tectonic uplift for field localities with a Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e) RSL indicator is to compute the difference between the observed elevation of the MIS 5e indicator and a site-specific peak LIG relative sea level computed from a glacial isostatic adjustment model. Dividing the difference between the observed indicator elevation and computed sea level value by the age of the MIS 5e high stand provides an uplift rate. If the resulting tectonic uplift rate is presumed to be constant throughout the recent glacial–interglacial cycle, then this rate can be applied to other RSL indicators at the same site, such as those formed during the MIS 5a and 5c interstadials, to compute the uplift-corrected local RSL elevation. Here we explore the sensitivity of the tectonic uplift-correction applied to MIS 5a RSL indicator elevations to the volume and configuration of continental ice sheets during the MIS 6 penultimate glacial maximum and deglaciation (Termination II), as this ice history impacts the local modeled MIS 5e high stand elevation input into the tectonic uplift correction calculation. We explored 5 models of ice volume and configuration that vary the total ice volume and the relative ratio of continental ice in North America and Eurasia. We find that these ice models produce ∼5–10 m shifts in the elevation of uplift-corrected MIS 5a relative sea level indicators (or, equivalently, ∼6–12 cm/kyr variation in tectonic uplift rates) for sites along the Pacific coasts of the U.S. and Mexico, U.S. Atlantic coast, and Caribbean. Future assessments of GMSL during MIS 5a, MIS 5c, or other interglacials/interstadials that rely upon relative sea level indicators subject to a tectonic uplift correction should account for the sensitivity of the local modeled MIS 5e elevation to the MIS 6 glacial maximum ice volume and configuration.
{"title":"The sensitivity of tectonic uplift corrections to the penultimate deglacial ice volume and configuration","authors":"Schmitty B. Thompson , Jessica R. Creveling , Jerry X. Mitrovica","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructions of peak global mean sea-level (GMSL) change during the interglacials and interstadials between Quaternary glacial cycles provide insight into the past behavior of the cryosphere and climate system and may inform projections of future change. Erosional and constructional terraces and other relative indicators of past sea-level high stands are a key component of GMSL reconstructions as these indicators provide a geographically widespread dataset that is readily comparable to geophysical model predictions. However, along tectonically active margins, the present-day elevation of a relative sea level (RSL) indicator reflects vertical motion due to active tectonics (and other processes) such that any inference of GMSL involves a correction for the latter (and vice versa). The most robust method to estimate tectonic uplift for field localities with a Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e) RSL indicator is to compute the difference between the observed elevation of the MIS 5e indicator and a site-specific peak LIG relative sea level computed from a glacial isostatic adjustment model. Dividing the difference between the observed indicator elevation and computed sea level value by the age of the MIS 5e high stand provides an uplift rate. If the resulting tectonic uplift rate is presumed to be constant throughout the recent glacial–interglacial cycle, then this rate can be applied to other RSL indicators at the same site, such as those formed during the MIS 5a and 5c interstadials, to compute the uplift-corrected local RSL elevation. Here we explore the sensitivity of the tectonic uplift-correction applied to MIS 5a RSL indicator elevations to the volume and configuration of continental ice sheets during the MIS 6 penultimate glacial maximum and deglaciation (Termination II), as this ice history impacts the local modeled MIS 5e high stand elevation input into the tectonic uplift correction calculation. We explored 5 models of ice volume and configuration that vary the total ice volume and the relative ratio of continental ice in North America and Eurasia. We find that these ice models produce ∼5–10 m shifts in the elevation of uplift-corrected MIS 5a relative sea level indicators (or, equivalently, ∼6–12 cm/kyr variation in tectonic uplift rates) for sites along the Pacific coasts of the U.S. and Mexico, U.S. Atlantic coast, and Caribbean. Future assessments of GMSL during MIS 5a, MIS 5c, or other interglacials/interstadials that rely upon relative sea level indicators subject to a tectonic uplift correction should account for the sensitivity of the local modeled MIS 5e elevation to the MIS 6 glacial maximum ice volume and configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 109210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109096
G.R. Grant , T.R. Naish , B.A. Keisling , M.O. Patterson , P.J.J. Kamp , S.R. Meyers , D.P. Strogen , P. Stocchi , R.M. McKay
Increased magnitude and expanding geographic distribution of ice-berg rafted debris in deep ocean sediment cores and increasing amplitude of variability in the benthic oxygen isotope (δ18O) proxy-global ice volume from ∼2.7 Ma marks the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG). However, the location, extent and volume of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets (NHISs) is poorly constrained by proximal geologic evidence, and global sea-level records cannot determine individual polar ice sheet contributions alone.
Quantitative relationships between sediment transport, water depth and grain size on a wave-graded continental shelf were previously applied to Pliocene shallow-marine sedimentary deposits in Whanganui Basin, New Zealand to provide an independent relative sea level record (PlioSeaNZ; 3.3–2.5 Ma). Here, we extend the duration of the sea-level record from 3.3 to 1.7 Ma (X-PlioSeaNZ) using a well-documented, shallow-marine sedimentary succession, that outcrops in the Rangitikei River Valley of the Whanganui Basin.
The resulting glacial-interglacial, relative sea-level fluctuations are up to 45 ± 12.5 m paced by 41 kyr-obliquity frequency during the Early Pleistocene, but also contain modulation of 100 kyr-eccentricity cycle. These maximum sea-level amplitudes are more comparable to the mean of those previously reconstructed from calibrated benthic δ18O (e.g. Miller et al., 2020), and are significantly lower than estimates provided by albeit limited geological evidence proximal to the NHIS (Batchelor et al., 2019). Here we suggest that while NHISs acquired continental extent by 2.6 Ma, their collective volume may be overestimated in benthic δ18O calibrations and area-volume reconstructions, by as much as 50%.
We propose that a reduced aspect ratio of ice sheets during iNHG was driven by 41-kyr changes in integrated summer insolation and enhanced by a subglacial regolith feedback reducing resistance to basal sliding. Regardless, the lower ice volume through the iNHG implies a lower ice sheet sensitivity (ice equivalent sea-level per degree Celsius change in temperature) under higher atmospheric CO2 of 4–6 m/°C compared to ∼20 m/°C for the period since the Last Glacial Maximum. This ice sheet sensitivity still has significant implications for society and sea-level will continue to rise under current emissions.
{"title":"Reduced magnitude of Early Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation","authors":"G.R. Grant , T.R. Naish , B.A. Keisling , M.O. Patterson , P.J.J. Kamp , S.R. Meyers , D.P. Strogen , P. Stocchi , R.M. McKay","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased magnitude and expanding geographic distribution of ice-berg rafted debris in deep ocean sediment cores and increasing amplitude of variability in the benthic oxygen isotope (δ<sup>18</sup>O) proxy-global ice volume from ∼2.7 Ma marks the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG). However, the location, extent and volume of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets (NHISs) is poorly constrained by proximal geologic evidence, and global sea-level records cannot determine individual polar ice sheet contributions alone.</div><div>Quantitative relationships between sediment transport, water depth and grain size on a wave-graded continental shelf were previously applied to Pliocene shallow-marine sedimentary deposits in Whanganui Basin, New Zealand to provide an independent relative sea level record (<em>PlioSeaNZ;</em> 3.3–2.5 Ma). Here, we extend the duration of the sea-level record from 3.3 to 1.7 Ma (<em>X</em>-<em>PlioSeaNZ</em>) using a well-documented, shallow-marine sedimentary succession, that outcrops in the Rangitikei River Valley of the Whanganui Basin.</div><div>The resulting glacial-interglacial, relative sea-level fluctuations are up to 45 ± 12.5 m paced by 41 kyr-obliquity frequency during the Early Pleistocene, but also contain modulation of 100 kyr-eccentricity cycle. These maximum sea-level amplitudes are more comparable to the mean of those previously reconstructed from calibrated benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O (e.g. Miller et al., 2020), and are significantly lower than estimates provided by albeit limited geological evidence proximal to the NHIS (Batchelor et al., 2019). Here we suggest that while NHISs acquired continental extent by 2.6 Ma, their collective volume may be overestimated in benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O calibrations and area-volume reconstructions, by as much as 50%.</div><div>We propose that a reduced aspect ratio of ice sheets during iNHG was driven by 41-kyr changes in integrated summer insolation and enhanced by a subglacial regolith feedback reducing resistance to basal sliding. Regardless, the lower ice volume through the iNHG implies a lower ice sheet sensitivity (ice equivalent sea-level per degree Celsius change in temperature) under higher atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> of 4–6 m/°C compared to ∼20 m/°C for the period since the Last Glacial Maximum. This ice sheet sensitivity still has significant implications for society and sea-level will continue to rise under current emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 109096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109137
Tianran Chen , Xiaolan Tan , Ting Zhang , Sheng Liu , Jianxin Zhao
Branching coral reconstructions have the potential to significantly enrich paleoclimate records derived from fossil reef cores. This study explores the utility of Acropora and Pocillopora corals as high-resolution archives for paleo-sea surface temperatures (paleo-SSTs) in the western tropical Pacific. Analyses of biweekly-to weekly-resolution Sr/Ca ratios in modern corals revealed distinct seasonal variations consistent with local SSTs, particularly during the 2016 El Niño event. Given the evident interspecies variabilities in Sr/Ca, separate calibration equations from combined Sr/Ca-SST records were established for each genus. These equations were applied to derive paleo-SSTs from subfossil core records, which were subsequently integrated into a ∼1000-year paleo-SST reconstruction. Our paleo-SST records showed comparability with reconstructed SSTs from other archives in adjacent regions. These findings highlight the potential of branching corals as novel and abundant sources of paleo-SST data. Additionally, this study emphasizes the need to address uncertainties arising from sample size limitations and inter-colony offsets. Incorporating data from both branching genera and massive corals, such as Porites, could further expand and enhance subfossil archives for robust paleoclimate reconstructions.
{"title":"Exploring branching corals as high-resolution paleo-SST archives","authors":"Tianran Chen , Xiaolan Tan , Ting Zhang , Sheng Liu , Jianxin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Branching coral reconstructions have the potential to significantly enrich paleoclimate records derived from fossil reef cores. This study explores the utility of <em>Acropora</em> and <em>Pocillopora</em> corals as high-resolution archives for paleo-sea surface temperatures (paleo-SSTs) in the western tropical Pacific. Analyses of biweekly-to weekly-resolution Sr/Ca ratios in modern corals revealed distinct seasonal variations consistent with local SSTs, particularly during the 2016 El Niño event. Given the evident interspecies variabilities in Sr/Ca, separate calibration equations from combined Sr/Ca-SST records were established for each genus. These equations were applied to derive paleo-SSTs from subfossil core records, which were subsequently integrated into a ∼1000-year paleo-SST reconstruction. Our paleo-SST records showed comparability with reconstructed SSTs from other archives in adjacent regions. These findings highlight the potential of branching corals as novel and abundant sources of paleo-SST data. Additionally, this study emphasizes the need to address uncertainties arising from sample size limitations and inter-colony offsets. Incorporating data from both branching genera and massive corals, such as <em>Porites</em>, could further expand and enhance subfossil archives for robust paleoclimate reconstructions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 109137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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