Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00041
Vandna Dewangan, Ram Kumar Sahu, T. Satapathy
The direct reporting of adverse drug reactions by patients is becoming an increasingly important topic for discussion in the hospital of Pharmacovigilance. Voluntary adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is fundamental to medical drug safety surveillance; however, substantial under-reporting exists and is the main limitation of the system. At this time, hospital accepts consumer reports. The World Health Organization estimates that in 2005 and as well as 2019-2021 pneumococcal infections were responsible for the death of 1.6 million human worldwide. Pneumonia, the lungs become filled with fluid and inflamed, leading to breathing difficulties. For some people, breathing problems can become severe enough to require treatment at the hospital with oxygen or even a ventilator. The pneumonia that COVID-19 causes tends to take hold in both lungs. Moxifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is used for the treatment of respiratory tract, pelvic inflammatory disease, skin, and intra-abdominal infections. Its safety profile is considered favorable in most reviews but has been challenged with respect to rare but potentially fatal toxicities. The most common adverse drug reaction (ADR) constipation is nausea, vomiting, fatigue, alopecia, drowsiness, myelosuppression, skin reactions, anorexia, mucositis, diarrhoea and Medicines that have been particularly implicated in adverse drug reaction-related hospital admissions include anti-platelets, anticoagulants, cytotoxics, immunosuppressant’s, diuretics, anti-diabetics and antibiotics.
{"title":"Incidence of Moxifloxacin serious adverse drug reactions in Pneumococcal infections virus infected patients detected by a Pharmacovigilance program by laboratory signals in a Tertiary hospital in Chhattisgarh (India)","authors":"Vandna Dewangan, Ram Kumar Sahu, T. Satapathy","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00041","url":null,"abstract":"The direct reporting of adverse drug reactions by patients is becoming an increasingly important topic for discussion in the hospital of Pharmacovigilance. Voluntary adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is fundamental to medical drug safety surveillance; however, substantial under-reporting exists and is the main limitation of the system. At this time, hospital accepts consumer reports. The World Health Organization estimates that in 2005 and as well as 2019-2021 pneumococcal infections were responsible for the death of 1.6 million human worldwide. Pneumonia, the lungs become filled with fluid and inflamed, leading to breathing difficulties. For some people, breathing problems can become severe enough to require treatment at the hospital with oxygen or even a ventilator. The pneumonia that COVID-19 causes tends to take hold in both lungs. Moxifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is used for the treatment of respiratory tract, pelvic inflammatory disease, skin, and intra-abdominal infections. Its safety profile is considered favorable in most reviews but has been challenged with respect to rare but potentially fatal toxicities. The most common adverse drug reaction (ADR) constipation is nausea, vomiting, fatigue, alopecia, drowsiness, myelosuppression, skin reactions, anorexia, mucositis, diarrhoea and Medicines that have been particularly implicated in adverse drug reaction-related hospital admissions include anti-platelets, anticoagulants, cytotoxics, immunosuppressant’s, diuretics, anti-diabetics and antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88513725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00036
Lakshyajeet Nath, Urmi Choudhury, M. Lahkar
The aim of the study is to observe the pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with the usage of various anti-cancer drugs in a tertiary care hospital of North East India. The study is a prospective, observational evaluation of the ADRs which was conducted over a period of 1 year. During the study period 59 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were analysed from which a total of 79 ADRs were identified and collected which occurred during and after the cancer treatment. Maximum cases of ADR recorded in the study are mucositis, respiratory disorder, neuropathy, constipation, itching etc. On causality assessment, it was observed that nearly 92% ADRs are considered as possible, 6% are probable and 2% are unlikely. Although, the reporting of ADR is very minimal by the healthcare professionals, this study focuses on the various common ADR associated with the use of anti-cancer agents in the treatment of cancer. The information from the study might be helpful in identifying and minimizing preventable ADRs, while enhancing the knowledge of the healthcare professionals to deal with them more efficiently. Hence the study was done to record and analyze the pattern of adverse drug reaction from oncology drugs.
{"title":"A Study about the pattern of adverse effects of various oncology drugs in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North East India","authors":"Lakshyajeet Nath, Urmi Choudhury, M. Lahkar","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00036","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to observe the pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with the usage of various anti-cancer drugs in a tertiary care hospital of North East India. The study is a prospective, observational evaluation of the ADRs which was conducted over a period of 1 year. During the study period 59 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were analysed from which a total of 79 ADRs were identified and collected which occurred during and after the cancer treatment. Maximum cases of ADR recorded in the study are mucositis, respiratory disorder, neuropathy, constipation, itching etc. On causality assessment, it was observed that nearly 92% ADRs are considered as possible, 6% are probable and 2% are unlikely. Although, the reporting of ADR is very minimal by the healthcare professionals, this study focuses on the various common ADR associated with the use of anti-cancer agents in the treatment of cancer. The information from the study might be helpful in identifying and minimizing preventable ADRs, while enhancing the knowledge of the healthcare professionals to deal with them more efficiently. Hence the study was done to record and analyze the pattern of adverse drug reaction from oncology drugs.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84218748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00039
Dhiraj S. Girase, Rahulsing G. Girase, Prasad P. Girase, Neha R. Jaiswal
The development of microbiology began in the 19th century with the invention of the culture medium. Bacterial culture was the first method to study human microbiota in 1860. Louis pasteur was the first to propagate bacteria on culture media. The culture media provides the essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and some growth factors for the proper development of bacteria. Nowadays, these growth medias are prepared by different expensive chemical ingredients in laboratories for research experiments, which ultimately makes our experiments expensive. Instead of using high-cost culture media, fruit waste material could prove to be a good alternate source for the production of low-cost media. The waste generated in household practices and kitchen includes vegetables and fruit waste. It is waste that almost every house generates every day. It can serve as a good source of nutrients and vitamins for in microorganisms. Hence these materials can be used to formulate solid media for the growth of bacteria. In the current study waste material like mango peels, banana peels, lemon peels and ground nut shell have been included to formulate the media. This material was collected from kitchen waste and vegetable market. Comparing the growth of organism (lactobacillus bulgaricus) standard commercial media and fruit waste with agar, it was found that the media prepared from fruit waste serves as a good and inexpensive source of nutrients for many bacteria. Thus, it can good be feather and used commercially for isolation and cultivation of various microorganisms.
{"title":"A Novel Bacterial Culture Media: Fruit Waste Agar","authors":"Dhiraj S. Girase, Rahulsing G. Girase, Prasad P. Girase, Neha R. Jaiswal","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00039","url":null,"abstract":"The development of microbiology began in the 19th century with the invention of the culture medium. Bacterial culture was the first method to study human microbiota in 1860. Louis pasteur was the first to propagate bacteria on culture media. The culture media provides the essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and some growth factors for the proper development of bacteria. Nowadays, these growth medias are prepared by different expensive chemical ingredients in laboratories for research experiments, which ultimately makes our experiments expensive. Instead of using high-cost culture media, fruit waste material could prove to be a good alternate source for the production of low-cost media. The waste generated in household practices and kitchen includes vegetables and fruit waste. It is waste that almost every house generates every day. It can serve as a good source of nutrients and vitamins for in microorganisms. Hence these materials can be used to formulate solid media for the growth of bacteria. In the current study waste material like mango peels, banana peels, lemon peels and ground nut shell have been included to formulate the media. This material was collected from kitchen waste and vegetable market. Comparing the growth of organism (lactobacillus bulgaricus) standard commercial media and fruit waste with agar, it was found that the media prepared from fruit waste serves as a good and inexpensive source of nutrients for many bacteria. Thus, it can good be feather and used commercially for isolation and cultivation of various microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structural isomer of the tetracycline family is doxycycline. It's a semi-synthetic medication with antibacterial properties against a wide range of germs and excellent intracellular penetration. Bacterial resistance can take many different forms, although the ribosomal or plasmid pathways are the most common. Propionibacterium acnes has gained antibiotic resistance in most cases due to an ARNr mutation. Doxycycline has anti-inflammatory effects that manifest themselves through a variety of methods. Doxycycline is quickly absorbed and practically fully absorbed in the GI tract. Food does not affect absorption. With 90% of the molecule attached, it has a strong but fragile affinity for proteins. The majority of tissues and the extravascular compartment are swiftly absorbed. The most common method of excretion is through the bile canal. The bile channel is used for elimination. Tubular reabsorption in the kidney slows down. If you have acne, the daily dosage should be between 50 and 100 micrograms. Despite the scarcity of high-quality assays, there is widespread professional support for their use. It is also effective for rosacea at the same dosage. Doxycycline is being used as a backup antibiotic for chlamydial and mycoplasma urethritis. Additional diseases that can be treated as primary or secondary alternatives include treponematoses, brucellosis, pastoralizes, borreliosis, rickettsiosis, and cholera. Some non-infectious illnesses have been treated with doxycycline. The most common side effects are those that affect the digestive system. Esophageal poisoning has been treated with tablets and plenty of water.
{"title":"An Updated Review on Doxycycline","authors":"Rahul Jodh, M. Tawar, Kiran Gomkale, Sakshi Jari, Jafer Toply, Nawed Faisal","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00043","url":null,"abstract":"The structural isomer of the tetracycline family is doxycycline. It's a semi-synthetic medication with antibacterial properties against a wide range of germs and excellent intracellular penetration. Bacterial resistance can take many different forms, although the ribosomal or plasmid pathways are the most common. Propionibacterium acnes has gained antibiotic resistance in most cases due to an ARNr mutation. Doxycycline has anti-inflammatory effects that manifest themselves through a variety of methods. Doxycycline is quickly absorbed and practically fully absorbed in the GI tract. Food does not affect absorption. With 90% of the molecule attached, it has a strong but fragile affinity for proteins. The majority of tissues and the extravascular compartment are swiftly absorbed. The most common method of excretion is through the bile canal. The bile channel is used for elimination. Tubular reabsorption in the kidney slows down. If you have acne, the daily dosage should be between 50 and 100 micrograms. Despite the scarcity of high-quality assays, there is widespread professional support for their use. It is also effective for rosacea at the same dosage. Doxycycline is being used as a backup antibiotic for chlamydial and mycoplasma urethritis. Additional diseases that can be treated as primary or secondary alternatives include treponematoses, brucellosis, pastoralizes, borreliosis, rickettsiosis, and cholera. Some non-infectious illnesses have been treated with doxycycline. The most common side effects are those that affect the digestive system. Esophageal poisoning has been treated with tablets and plenty of water.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87371639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00037
Dhanapuram Akhila Banu, Gopi Mareedu, Vivek B, Velmurugan C
Aim and Objective: Sitagliptin is given as an oral antidiabetic drug to treat Diabetes Mellitus. Minoxidil and himplasia may be co-prescribed along with sitagliptin to treat hypertension and BPH respectively. As such no information is available regarding the interaction taking place between sitagliptin, minoxidil and himplasia. Hence the present work has been aimed to find out the interaction with among the above said drugs in rodent model, since such studies cannot be performed in humans. Methods: Studies were conducted in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats with oral doses of 9mg/kg B.W of sitagliptin, 9mg/kg B.W of minoxidil and 54mg /k g of himplasia and their combinations with adequate washout periods in between the treatments. Blood samples were collected at regular time intervals in rats through retro orbital puncture. All the blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose by GOD/POD method in pharmacodynamic studies and the serum sitagliptin concentrations were estimated by UV Spectrophotometry. Serum insulin was estimated by chemiluminescence assay. Results: Sitagliptin showed hypoglycemic action in both normal and diabetic rats and the peak action was observed at 6 h. Hyperglycemia was observed with minoxidil at 1st hour, hypoglycemia was observed with himplasia at 4th hour and the combination of minoxidil and himplasia showed biphasic response in blood glucose levels. The same responses were observed even in combination with sitagliptin. The serum sitagliptin concentrations were not altered by the co-administration of drugs. Serum insulin levels were inhibited by administration of minoxidil and potentiated by himplasia and initial reduction followed by surge observed with combination of minoxidil and himplasia. The similar responses were observed when co-administered with sitagliptin. Conclusion: Thus it could be concluded that the combination of minoxidil and himplasia should be taken with care for clinical benefits in diabetic patients. However, further studies should be carried out in non rodent species and in clinical settings are warranted.
{"title":"Drug Interaction of Minoxidil and Himplasia with Oral Anti Diabetic Drug Sitagliptin in Diabetic Rats","authors":"Dhanapuram Akhila Banu, Gopi Mareedu, Vivek B, Velmurugan C","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00037","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and Objective: Sitagliptin is given as an oral antidiabetic drug to treat Diabetes Mellitus. Minoxidil and himplasia may be co-prescribed along with sitagliptin to treat hypertension and BPH respectively. As such no information is available regarding the interaction taking place between sitagliptin, minoxidil and himplasia. Hence the present work has been aimed to find out the interaction with among the above said drugs in rodent model, since such studies cannot be performed in humans. Methods: Studies were conducted in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats with oral doses of 9mg/kg B.W of sitagliptin, 9mg/kg B.W of minoxidil and 54mg /k g of himplasia and their combinations with adequate washout periods in between the treatments. Blood samples were collected at regular time intervals in rats through retro orbital puncture. All the blood samples were analyzed for blood glucose by GOD/POD method in pharmacodynamic studies and the serum sitagliptin concentrations were estimated by UV Spectrophotometry. Serum insulin was estimated by chemiluminescence assay. Results: Sitagliptin showed hypoglycemic action in both normal and diabetic rats and the peak action was observed at 6 h. Hyperglycemia was observed with minoxidil at 1st hour, hypoglycemia was observed with himplasia at 4th hour and the combination of minoxidil and himplasia showed biphasic response in blood glucose levels. The same responses were observed even in combination with sitagliptin. The serum sitagliptin concentrations were not altered by the co-administration of drugs. Serum insulin levels were inhibited by administration of minoxidil and potentiated by himplasia and initial reduction followed by surge observed with combination of minoxidil and himplasia. The similar responses were observed when co-administered with sitagliptin. Conclusion: Thus it could be concluded that the combination of minoxidil and himplasia should be taken with care for clinical benefits in diabetic patients. However, further studies should be carried out in non rodent species and in clinical settings are warranted.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84303053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00045
Satendra Kumar Induria, A. Agrawal, Atanu Kumar Pati
Bagworms (Lepidotera: pyschidae) can be termed as switching pest, is a polyphagus defoliator of economically and ecologically beneficial plants traced in varied host ranging from ornamental plants to huge forest trees. Life history of some species studied intensively had revealed the potentiality of this phytophagus family. Case of bagworm been a salient characteristic of psychidae was known to utilize by tribes of Bastar for annual rainfall determination. Bagworm infestations were examined by many workers in selected region of Chhattisgarh and Kerala. Newly emerging pest of Indian forest has the potential to cause huge ecological and economical damage as proved earlier in region of Uttrakhand (Tons valley), Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Control measure specific to Indian species of bagworm is needed to deal the prevailing situation. The Indian peninsula and Himalayan region had remained untouched for exploration related to bagworms biodiversity. The available literature points clearly towards the need to initiate and explore more on behavior, biology, prevalence and integrated strategic methods to control bagworms infestation.
{"title":"Review on bagworms (Lepidotera: Pyschidae) study in India","authors":"Satendra Kumar Induria, A. Agrawal, Atanu Kumar Pati","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00045","url":null,"abstract":"Bagworms (Lepidotera: pyschidae) can be termed as switching pest, is a polyphagus defoliator of economically and ecologically beneficial plants traced in varied host ranging from ornamental plants to huge forest trees. Life history of some species studied intensively had revealed the potentiality of this phytophagus family. Case of bagworm been a salient characteristic of psychidae was known to utilize by tribes of Bastar for annual rainfall determination. Bagworm infestations were examined by many workers in selected region of Chhattisgarh and Kerala. Newly emerging pest of Indian forest has the potential to cause huge ecological and economical damage as proved earlier in region of Uttrakhand (Tons valley), Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Control measure specific to Indian species of bagworm is needed to deal the prevailing situation. The Indian peninsula and Himalayan region had remained untouched for exploration related to bagworms biodiversity. The available literature points clearly towards the need to initiate and explore more on behavior, biology, prevalence and integrated strategic methods to control bagworms infestation.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79392644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00038
Akhlaq Mustafa, Mohammed Ali
Different extracts and the powder of fruits of Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) are traditionally used in the treatment of sore throat, inflammatory chronic bronchitis, jaundice and urinary discharge diseases, and were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats. The aqueous and ethanol extracts showed significant anti-activity against carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The study includes a comparative Phyto and physicochemical study of fresh and different market samples of the drug, which was carried out under various parameters like successive extractability values, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol soluble matters, water-soluble matters, pH values of 1% and !0% aqueous solutions, moisture contents, total phenolics, tannins, resins and screening of phytochemical constituents in different extracts. Quantitative elemental analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the study of characteristics of oil so obtained from petroleum ether extract e.g. saponification value, acid value, peroxide value, ester value, specific gravity, unsaponifiable matter etc. and thin layer chromatography in different extracts were also reported. Beside, the composition of fatty acids was found to be as Lauric (1.87%), Myristic (6.04%), Palmitic (37.53%), stearic (9.93%), Oleic (26.17%), Linoleic (14.36%) and (C20-C22) (4.03%).
Malva sylvestris L. (malvacae)果实的不同提取物和粉末传统上用于治疗喉咙痛、炎症性慢性支气管炎、黄疸和尿流疾病，并在白化大鼠中进行了抗炎活性测试。水提物和乙醇提物对卡拉胶诱导的足跖水肿具有显著的抗活性。该研究包括对该药物新鲜样品和不同市场样品的植物和物理化学进行比较研究，并在连续提取值、总灰分、酸不溶灰分、水溶性灰分、醇溶物、水溶性物质、1%和0%水溶液的pH值、水分含量、总酚类物质、单宁、树脂和筛选不同提取物中的植物化学成分等参数下进行研究。用原子吸收分光光度计进行了定量元素分析，研究了石油醚提取物的皂化值、酸值、过氧化值、酯值、比重、不皂化物等特征，并对不同提取物进行了薄层色谱分析。脂肪酸组成主要为月桂酸(1.87%)、肉豆蔻酸(6.04%)、棕榈酸(37.53%)、硬脂酸(9.93%)、油酸(26.17%)、亚油酸(14.36%)和(C20-C22)(4.03%)。
{"title":"Comparative Phyto and Physico-chemical Standardization of Fresh and Different market samples with the Anti-inflammatory Studies of Fruit Parts of Malva sylvestris L.","authors":"Akhlaq Mustafa, Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00038","url":null,"abstract":"Different extracts and the powder of fruits of Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) are traditionally used in the treatment of sore throat, inflammatory chronic bronchitis, jaundice and urinary discharge diseases, and were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats. The aqueous and ethanol extracts showed significant anti-activity against carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The study includes a comparative Phyto and physicochemical study of fresh and different market samples of the drug, which was carried out under various parameters like successive extractability values, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol soluble matters, water-soluble matters, pH values of 1% and !0% aqueous solutions, moisture contents, total phenolics, tannins, resins and screening of phytochemical constituents in different extracts. Quantitative elemental analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the study of characteristics of oil so obtained from petroleum ether extract e.g. saponification value, acid value, peroxide value, ester value, specific gravity, unsaponifiable matter etc. and thin layer chromatography in different extracts were also reported. Beside, the composition of fatty acids was found to be as Lauric (1.87%), Myristic (6.04%), Palmitic (37.53%), stearic (9.93%), Oleic (26.17%), Linoleic (14.36%) and (C20-C22) (4.03%).","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81363205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00035
Oloninefa S. D, Aisoni J. E, Areo A. J, Akomolafe D. O, A. M. E., Alli A. I, A. A. A.
The major reason for carrying out stability studies of a drug product is to establish the shelf life of a drug during the period of storage so as to guarantee its quality, effectiveness and safety. Real time stability studies data from 2018-2022 were obtained from selected pharmaceutical industries located within North Central, Nigeria. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data obtained for the real time stability studies was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. The results obtained showed that both chemical and microbiological parameters checked were within the pre-set specifications despite the changes in the results as the storage increases due to environmental factors such as: temperature, humidity, light, exposure to oxygen and container –closure system used for the packaging of the drug product. Pathogenic bacteria such as: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recorded 0.00 cfu/ml and the values obtained for total viable aerobic mesophilic bacteria plate count and fungi were within the pre-set specifications while Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were sensitive to Methylated Spirit. There was a significant difference in the data analysed (P<0.05). The implication of this study is that the drug product may not be stable if the shelf life increases beyond what was stated for them. Hence, these results provided clues to how the quality of the product changes with time under different environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, exposure to oxygen and light) and the interaction between the drug product and container-closure system used. This study suggests the need for pharmaceutical industries to continuously carry out stability studies of drug products in order to know the changes that may likely occur during the storage and to establish the shelf life of the drug product.
进行药品稳定性研究的主要目的是为了确定药品在贮存期间的保质期，以保证药品的质量、有效性和安全性。2018-2022年的实时稳定性研究数据来自尼日利亚中北部选定的制药行业。使用IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23对实时稳定性研究获得的数据进行方差分析(ANOVA)。结果表明，尽管由于环境因素(如温度、湿度、光照、暴露于氧气和用于药品包装的容器封闭系统)的储存时间增加，结果会发生变化，但检查的化学和微生物参数均在预先设定的规格范围内。致病菌如:大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和铜绿假单胞菌记录0.00 cfu/ml，获得的总活氧嗜温菌平板计数和真菌值在预先设定的规范范围内，而金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌对甲基化精神敏感。两组数据分析差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。这项研究的含义是，如果保质期超过规定的时间，药品可能不稳定。因此，这些结果为在不同环境因素(温度、相对湿度、暴露于氧气和光线)下产品质量如何随时间变化以及药品与所用容器封闭系统之间的相互作用提供了线索。本研究提示制药行业有必要持续开展药品稳定性研究，以了解药品在储存过程中可能发生的变化，并确定药品的保质期。
{"title":"Implication of Data Obtained from Real Time Stability Studies of Pharmaceutical Preparations","authors":"Oloninefa S. D, Aisoni J. E, Areo A. J, Akomolafe D. O, A. M. E., Alli A. I, A. A. A.","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00035","url":null,"abstract":"The major reason for carrying out stability studies of a drug product is to establish the shelf life of a drug during the period of storage so as to guarantee its quality, effectiveness and safety. Real time stability studies data from 2018-2022 were obtained from selected pharmaceutical industries located within North Central, Nigeria. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data obtained for the real time stability studies was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. The results obtained showed that both chemical and microbiological parameters checked were within the pre-set specifications despite the changes in the results as the storage increases due to environmental factors such as: temperature, humidity, light, exposure to oxygen and container –closure system used for the packaging of the drug product. Pathogenic bacteria such as: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recorded 0.00 cfu/ml and the values obtained for total viable aerobic mesophilic bacteria plate count and fungi were within the pre-set specifications while Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were sensitive to Methylated Spirit. There was a significant difference in the data analysed (P<0.05). The implication of this study is that the drug product may not be stable if the shelf life increases beyond what was stated for them. Hence, these results provided clues to how the quality of the product changes with time under different environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, exposure to oxygen and light) and the interaction between the drug product and container-closure system used. This study suggests the need for pharmaceutical industries to continuously carry out stability studies of drug products in order to know the changes that may likely occur during the storage and to establish the shelf life of the drug product.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"360 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78127231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00040
Shaik Asha Begum, T. V. Kumar, Shaik Abdul Rahaman, S. Rani, Sreya Kosanam, V. Y.
Guillain-Baree syndrome also called guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome, Landry's paralysis, post - infectious polyneuritis whichis a rare, at one or two cases per 100, 000 people every year, where auto-immune disorder in which a persons own immune system damaged the nerves, causing muscule weakness and sometimes paralysis. GBS can cause symptoms that last for a few weeks to several years. Most people recover fully, but some have permanent nerve damage. some people have died of GBS. Several things are known to tigger GBS. About two-thirds of people with GBS had diarrhea or a respiratory illness several weeks before developing symptoms. Infection with campylobacter jejuni, which causes diarrhea, is one of the most common risk factors for GBS. People can develop GBS after some other infections, such as flu, cytomegalovirus, Epstein barr virus, and zika virus. Very rarely, people have developed GBS in the days or weeks after receiving certain vaccines. It can be caused by campylobacter infection that is diagnosed when a laboratory tests detect campylobacter bacteria in stool, body tissue, or fluids. The test could be a culture that isolates the bacteria or a rapid diagnostic test that detects genetic material of the bacteria. The major aim of this case report is to present a classic case of this condition, to highlight an awareness of differing treatment options, and to advocate referral to a given its physician potential severity. Treatment for GBS including antibiotics, drink extra fluids as long as diarrhea lasts, plasma exchange, immunoglobulin therapy2.
{"title":"Gullian Barr Syndrome – A Rare Disease Case Report","authors":"Shaik Asha Begum, T. V. Kumar, Shaik Abdul Rahaman, S. Rani, Sreya Kosanam, V. Y.","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00040","url":null,"abstract":"Guillain-Baree syndrome also called guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome, Landry's paralysis, post - infectious polyneuritis whichis a rare, at one or two cases per 100, 000 people every year, where auto-immune disorder in which a persons own immune system damaged the nerves, causing muscule weakness and sometimes paralysis. GBS can cause symptoms that last for a few weeks to several years. Most people recover fully, but some have permanent nerve damage. some people have died of GBS. Several things are known to tigger GBS. About two-thirds of people with GBS had diarrhea or a respiratory illness several weeks before developing symptoms. Infection with campylobacter jejuni, which causes diarrhea, is one of the most common risk factors for GBS. People can develop GBS after some other infections, such as flu, cytomegalovirus, Epstein barr virus, and zika virus. Very rarely, people have developed GBS in the days or weeks after receiving certain vaccines. It can be caused by campylobacter infection that is diagnosed when a laboratory tests detect campylobacter bacteria in stool, body tissue, or fluids. The test could be a culture that isolates the bacteria or a rapid diagnostic test that detects genetic material of the bacteria. The major aim of this case report is to present a classic case of this condition, to highlight an awareness of differing treatment options, and to advocate referral to a given its physician potential severity. Treatment for GBS including antibiotics, drink extra fluids as long as diarrhea lasts, plasma exchange, immunoglobulin therapy2.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78572080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00042
Omkar A. Devade, Rohan D. Londhe, Nikhil M. Meshram
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the second leading genetic, autosomal recessive disorder with progressive weakness of skeletal and respiratory muscles, leading to progressive paralysis with muscular atrophy, significant disability. SMA predominantly affects on children and represents the most common cause of hereditary infant mortality. Spinal muscular atrophy caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and a consequentdecrease in the SMN protein leading to lower motor neuron degeneration. The clinical features of Spinal muscular atrophy are caused by specific degeneration of a-motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy and, in the majority of cases, premature death. Encouraging results from phase II and III clinical trials have raised hope that other therapeutic options will enter soon in clinical practice. The common genetic etiology and recent progress in pre-clinical models suggest that SMA is well-suited for the development of therapeutic regimens. This review covers the available data and the new challenges of SMA therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Review on Spinal Muscular Atrophy","authors":"Omkar A. Devade, Rohan D. Londhe, Nikhil M. Meshram","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00042","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the second leading genetic, autosomal recessive disorder with progressive weakness of skeletal and respiratory muscles, leading to progressive paralysis with muscular atrophy, significant disability. SMA predominantly affects on children and represents the most common cause of hereditary infant mortality. Spinal muscular atrophy caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and a consequentdecrease in the SMN protein leading to lower motor neuron degeneration. The clinical features of Spinal muscular atrophy are caused by specific degeneration of a-motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy and, in the majority of cases, premature death. Encouraging results from phase II and III clinical trials have raised hope that other therapeutic options will enter soon in clinical practice. The common genetic etiology and recent progress in pre-clinical models suggest that SMA is well-suited for the development of therapeutic regimens. This review covers the available data and the new challenges of SMA therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85095178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：