Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00044
Purushottam Ravindra Patil, Nikhil Kailas Patil, V. Khairnar
Renal failure is a common long-torm complication of diabetes mellitus. Stages of diabetic nephropathy have been described that characterize its clinical course. Diabetic nephropathy develops secondary to long- changes that damage the glomeruli’s. Therapy that focuses on the control of glomerular pressures and systemic hypertension can slow the progression of proteinuria and deterioration of renal function. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers have been demonstrated to be effective in the management of diabetic nephropathy. A systematic approach to the patient with diabetes with help identify those individuals early in the course of disease when proper therapy may be most helpful. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic renal disease and a major cause of cardiovascular mortality. Diabetic nephropathy has been categorized into stages: micro albuminuria and macro albuminuria. The cut-off values of micro- and macro albuminuria are arbitrary and their values have been questioned. Subjects in the upper-normal range of albuminuria seem to be at high risk of progression to micro- or macro albuminuria and they also had a higher blood pressure than normoalbuminuric subjects in the lower norm albuminuria range. Diabetic nephropathy screening is made by measuring albumin in spot urine. If abnormal, it should be confirmed in two out three samples collected in a three to six-months interval. Additionally, it is recommended that glomerular filtration rate be routinely estimated for appropriate screening of nephropathy, because some patients present a decreased glomerular filtration rate when urine albumin values are in the normal range. The two main risk factors for diabetic nephropathy are hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension, but the genetic susceptibility in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is of great importance. Other risk factors are smoking, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, glomerular hyper filtration and dietary factors. Nephropathy is pathologically characterized in individuals with type 1 diabetes by thickening of glomerular and tubular basal membranes, with progressive meningeal expansion (diffuse or nodular) leading to progressive reduction of glomerular filtration surface. Concurrent interstitial morphological alterations and hyalinization of afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles also occur. Podocytes abnormalities also appear to be involved in the glomerulosclerosis process. In patients with type 2 diabetes, renal lesions are heterogeneous and more complex than in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Treatment of diabetic nephropathy is based on a multiple risk factor approach, and the goal is retarding the development or progression of the disease and to decrease the subject's increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Achieving the best metabolic control, treating hypertension (<130/80 mmHg) and dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl), using drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone sy
{"title":"A Project work on Recent approches in the Treatment of Diabetic Nepheropathy","authors":"Purushottam Ravindra Patil, Nikhil Kailas Patil, V. Khairnar","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00044","url":null,"abstract":"Renal failure is a common long-torm complication of diabetes mellitus. Stages of diabetic nephropathy have been described that characterize its clinical course. Diabetic nephropathy develops secondary to long- changes that damage the glomeruli’s. Therapy that focuses on the control of glomerular pressures and systemic hypertension can slow the progression of proteinuria and deterioration of renal function. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers have been demonstrated to be effective in the management of diabetic nephropathy. A systematic approach to the patient with diabetes with help identify those individuals early in the course of disease when proper therapy may be most helpful. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic renal disease and a major cause of cardiovascular mortality. Diabetic nephropathy has been categorized into stages: micro albuminuria and macro albuminuria. The cut-off values of micro- and macro albuminuria are arbitrary and their values have been questioned. Subjects in the upper-normal range of albuminuria seem to be at high risk of progression to micro- or macro albuminuria and they also had a higher blood pressure than normoalbuminuric subjects in the lower norm albuminuria range. Diabetic nephropathy screening is made by measuring albumin in spot urine. If abnormal, it should be confirmed in two out three samples collected in a three to six-months interval. Additionally, it is recommended that glomerular filtration rate be routinely estimated for appropriate screening of nephropathy, because some patients present a decreased glomerular filtration rate when urine albumin values are in the normal range. The two main risk factors for diabetic nephropathy are hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension, but the genetic susceptibility in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is of great importance. Other risk factors are smoking, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, glomerular hyper filtration and dietary factors. Nephropathy is pathologically characterized in individuals with type 1 diabetes by thickening of glomerular and tubular basal membranes, with progressive meningeal expansion (diffuse or nodular) leading to progressive reduction of glomerular filtration surface. Concurrent interstitial morphological alterations and hyalinization of afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles also occur. Podocytes abnormalities also appear to be involved in the glomerulosclerosis process. In patients with type 2 diabetes, renal lesions are heterogeneous and more complex than in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Treatment of diabetic nephropathy is based on a multiple risk factor approach, and the goal is retarding the development or progression of the disease and to decrease the subject's increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Achieving the best metabolic control, treating hypertension (<130/80 mmHg) and dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl), using drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone sy","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74136513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00028
Avesh Tamboli, Priyanka Sadaphal, S. D. Mankar, S. Bhawar
Kounis syndrome is characterised by a group of symptoms that manifests as unstable vasospastic or non-vasospastic angina secondary to a hypersensitivity reaction. It was first described by Kounis and Zavras in 1991 as the concurrence of an allergic response with an anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction and coronary artery spasm or even myocardial infarction. Since then, this condition has evolved to include a number of mast cell activation disorders associated with acute coronary syndrome. There are many triggering factors, including reactions to multiple medications, exposure to radiological contrast media, poison ivy, bee stings, shellfish, and coronary stents. In addition to coronary arterial involvement, Kounis syndrome comprises other arterial systems with similar physiologies, such as mesenteric and cerebral circulation resulting in ischemia / infraction of the vital organs. The Incidence of this condition is difficult to establish owing to the number of potential instigating factors and its relatively infrequent documentation in the literature. Anaphylaxis rarely manifests as a vasospastic acute coronary syndrome with or without the presence of underlying coronary artery disease. The variability in the underlying pathogenesis produces a wide clinical spectrum of this syndrome. Kounis syndrome is not just a single organ but also a complex multisystem and multiorgan arterial clinical conditions, it affects the coronary, mesenteric, and cerebral arteries and is accompanied by allergy hypersensitivity anaphylaxis involving Skin , respiratory system and vascular system in the context of anaesthesia, surgery, radiology ,oncology or even dental and psychiatric medicine , further it has significantly influences both morbidity and mortality. Kounis syndrome is caused by inflammatory mediators released during allergic insults, post inflammatory cell activation and interactions via multi directional stimuli. A platelet subset of 20% with high and low affinity IgE surface receptors is also involved in this process.
{"title":"Kounis Syndrome: A Novel Review","authors":"Avesh Tamboli, Priyanka Sadaphal, S. D. Mankar, S. Bhawar","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00028","url":null,"abstract":"Kounis syndrome is characterised by a group of symptoms that manifests as unstable vasospastic or non-vasospastic angina secondary to a hypersensitivity reaction. It was first described by Kounis and Zavras in 1991 as the concurrence of an allergic response with an anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction and coronary artery spasm or even myocardial infarction. Since then, this condition has evolved to include a number of mast cell activation disorders associated with acute coronary syndrome. There are many triggering factors, including reactions to multiple medications, exposure to radiological contrast media, poison ivy, bee stings, shellfish, and coronary stents. In addition to coronary arterial involvement, Kounis syndrome comprises other arterial systems with similar physiologies, such as mesenteric and cerebral circulation resulting in ischemia / infraction of the vital organs. The Incidence of this condition is difficult to establish owing to the number of potential instigating factors and its relatively infrequent documentation in the literature. Anaphylaxis rarely manifests as a vasospastic acute coronary syndrome with or without the presence of underlying coronary artery disease. The variability in the underlying pathogenesis produces a wide clinical spectrum of this syndrome. Kounis syndrome is not just a single organ but also a complex multisystem and multiorgan arterial clinical conditions, it affects the coronary, mesenteric, and cerebral arteries and is accompanied by allergy hypersensitivity anaphylaxis involving Skin , respiratory system and vascular system in the context of anaesthesia, surgery, radiology ,oncology or even dental and psychiatric medicine , further it has significantly influences both morbidity and mortality. Kounis syndrome is caused by inflammatory mediators released during allergic insults, post inflammatory cell activation and interactions via multi directional stimuli. A platelet subset of 20% with high and low affinity IgE surface receptors is also involved in this process.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87024119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00024
Amit A. Shimpi, Arvind S. Pawara
The purpose of this work is to create and test an herbal face mask for shiny skin using natural ingredients. The Natural Face Pack contains some of the vitamins needed to keep our skin healthy and radiant. The modified structure was tested with different parameters such as organoleptic structures and physico-chemical parameters as well as stability and sensitivity testing and microbial load. The correction was found to be good for physical parameters, no skin irritation and maintained its consistency even after conditions to maintain microbiological stability and stability. Ayurvedic facial pockets help keep wrinkles, acne, acne and dark circles. They also make the skin smoother and smoother. Such ingredients also appear to be beneficial in many ways to our bodies. The natural facial pockets are a little more complex. They help us to take care of the skin and show its fitness through the circulation of blood in the facial veins.
{"title":"A Review on Herbal Face Pack","authors":"Amit A. Shimpi, Arvind S. Pawara","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00024","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to create and test an herbal face mask for shiny skin using natural ingredients. The Natural Face Pack contains some of the vitamins needed to keep our skin healthy and radiant. The modified structure was tested with different parameters such as organoleptic structures and physico-chemical parameters as well as stability and sensitivity testing and microbial load. The correction was found to be good for physical parameters, no skin irritation and maintained its consistency even after conditions to maintain microbiological stability and stability. Ayurvedic facial pockets help keep wrinkles, acne, acne and dark circles. They also make the skin smoother and smoother. Such ingredients also appear to be beneficial in many ways to our bodies. The natural facial pockets are a little more complex. They help us to take care of the skin and show its fitness through the circulation of blood in the facial veins.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79446157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00026
Sakshi. B. Chaudhari, Harsha. S. Suryawanshi, Azam Z. Shaikh, Sudesh Pawar, R. S. Jain
The world stands for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The public understanding of AIDS as a highly critical acute illness with a rapid downward trajectory was crystallized nevertheless. In that some of advanced stages of that disease. Many countries has allowed AIDS to reach catastrophic level. AIDS is effect on mental state of injected person. The person may undergo depression. The mental health could be improved by acquisition of social support like friends and family. Provide helpful links like education, health care and social support. AIDS is sexually transmitted disease. It can be spread through person to person. AIDS is responsible for behaviour changes. Research has worked hard to compreshed the AIDS epidemic since its inception nature of the disease and its manifestation. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent (HIV). The two of them HIV-1 and HIV-2 are the most common type of HIV. The three diploid single stranded RNA genomes protease, reverse transcriptase, and viral enzyme integrates. AIDS does not have a cure. The greatest choice is prevention. Infection in blood transfusion patients of course, is a new-born (from mother). It is a malady that can only be tackled, by the social and mental fraternity acting together, to prevent the spread of the disease. There are significant continuities as well as discontinuities in the experience of living with HIV/AIDS during the last two decided, as this reveals release. The aids are sexually transmitted disease.
{"title":"AIDS: The Long term disease","authors":"Sakshi. B. Chaudhari, Harsha. S. Suryawanshi, Azam Z. Shaikh, Sudesh Pawar, R. S. Jain","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00026","url":null,"abstract":"The world stands for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The public understanding of AIDS as a highly critical acute illness with a rapid downward trajectory was crystallized nevertheless. In that some of advanced stages of that disease. Many countries has allowed AIDS to reach catastrophic level. AIDS is effect on mental state of injected person. The person may undergo depression. The mental health could be improved by acquisition of social support like friends and family. Provide helpful links like education, health care and social support. AIDS is sexually transmitted disease. It can be spread through person to person. AIDS is responsible for behaviour changes. Research has worked hard to compreshed the AIDS epidemic since its inception nature of the disease and its manifestation. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent (HIV). The two of them HIV-1 and HIV-2 are the most common type of HIV. The three diploid single stranded RNA genomes protease, reverse transcriptase, and viral enzyme integrates. AIDS does not have a cure. The greatest choice is prevention. Infection in blood transfusion patients of course, is a new-born (from mother). It is a malady that can only be tackled, by the social and mental fraternity acting together, to prevent the spread of the disease. There are significant continuities as well as discontinuities in the experience of living with HIV/AIDS during the last two decided, as this reveals release. The aids are sexually transmitted disease.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82968216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00031
Ganesh G. Dhakad, Kaveri P. Tambe, Sangita P. Shirsat, Neha R. Jaiswal
Nyctanthes arbortristis is one of the most useful traditional medicinal plants in India. It is distributed widely in sub-Himalayan regions and Southwards to Godavari. Each part of the plant has some important medicinal value and is thus commercially exploitable1. It is now considered as a valuable source of several unique products for the medicines against various diseases and also for the development of some industrial products. The present review is to focus on the potential phyto-chemicals and pharmacological activity of plant N. Arbortristis1. Various parts of the plant like seeds, leaves, flowers, bark and fruits have been investigated for their significant pharmacological activity. Phyto-chemicals like flavanoid, glycoside, oleanic acid, essential oils, tannic acid, carotene, friedeline, lupeol, glucose, benzoic acid have been reported for significant hair tonic, hepatoprotective, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-viral, antifungal, anti-pyretic, anti-histaminic, anti-malerial, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of Night jasmine and emphasizes the need for further exploring available information
{"title":"Review on Medicinal use of Nyctanthes arbortristis","authors":"Ganesh G. Dhakad, Kaveri P. Tambe, Sangita P. Shirsat, Neha R. Jaiswal","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00031","url":null,"abstract":"Nyctanthes arbortristis is one of the most useful traditional medicinal plants in India. It is distributed widely in sub-Himalayan regions and Southwards to Godavari. Each part of the plant has some important medicinal value and is thus commercially exploitable1. It is now considered as a valuable source of several unique products for the medicines against various diseases and also for the development of some industrial products. The present review is to focus on the potential phyto-chemicals and pharmacological activity of plant N. Arbortristis1. Various parts of the plant like seeds, leaves, flowers, bark and fruits have been investigated for their significant pharmacological activity. Phyto-chemicals like flavanoid, glycoside, oleanic acid, essential oils, tannic acid, carotene, friedeline, lupeol, glucose, benzoic acid have been reported for significant hair tonic, hepatoprotective, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-viral, antifungal, anti-pyretic, anti-histaminic, anti-malerial, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of Night jasmine and emphasizes the need for further exploring available information","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74496152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00032
Kamalakshi Krishnamurthy, T. Zin., K. Priyamvatha, Mahadeva Rao U.S., S. M.
Nerium Odorum is an important medicinal plant in India. It is a cardiac glycoside. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Recent studies have thrown light into the fact that it has pharmacological, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-asthmatic and anticancer activities. This study envisages a new developing as well as identification method for Pink/white oleander by Thin Layer Chromatography.
{"title":"New System for Nerium Odorum","authors":"Kamalakshi Krishnamurthy, T. Zin., K. Priyamvatha, Mahadeva Rao U.S., S. M.","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00032","url":null,"abstract":"Nerium Odorum is an important medicinal plant in India. It is a cardiac glycoside. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Recent studies have thrown light into the fact that it has pharmacological, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-asthmatic and anticancer activities. This study envisages a new developing as well as identification method for Pink/white oleander by Thin Layer Chromatography.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78556260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00023
Marathe Varsha S., Azam Z. Shaikh, Sudesh Pawar, R. S. Jain
We conducted a review to resolve whether there is relationship between depression and coronary heart disease or not. Depression is a mental health problem which is spread widely and most of physicians are well acquainted with this concept of depression. Diagnosis of depression disorder based on continuity of illness, etiology of illness and number of symptoms - all these discriminations should be reported during inspecting the link between depression and coronary heart disease. We review the mechanism of linking depression and coronary heart disease i.e. relationship between depression and inflammation, depression and autonomic dysfunction, CHD and autonomic dysfunction, depression and Sleep architecture disruption, depression and circadian rhythm disruption, CHD and circadian rhythm disruption, and depression and behavioral mechanism. There is bidirectional association between depression and coronary artery disease i.e. coronary artery disease can cause major depressive disorder and depression is risk factor for CAD and its complications. Major depression is a devastating comorbid disease that can make recovery difficult and increase risk of cardiac mortality and morbidity. We also go over the therapy options like Psychotherapy, Electroconvulsive therapy, Exercise etc. But there are some antidepressant medications also available for treating depression in patients associated with CAD. The antidepressant medications like SSRIs e.g. Sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram etc. appears to be safe in individual with depression and concomitant CAD or unstable angina. However, some evidence suggests that SSRIs like tricyclics, may increase risk cardiac events and death when taken for long time. New classes of antidepressants have dual reuptake inhibition for serotonin and nor-epinephrine e.g. venlafaxine. These medications are slightly more successful than SSRIs in treating depression, but they also have some adverse effects. Selegiline transdermal form was recently licensed for the treatment of MDD. Oral selegiline is not effective antidepressant. When compared to oral selegiline, STS results in stable plasma levels of drug and increased drug concentration in the brain.
{"title":"Depression: As a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease","authors":"Marathe Varsha S., Azam Z. Shaikh, Sudesh Pawar, R. S. Jain","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00023","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a review to resolve whether there is relationship between depression and coronary heart disease or not. Depression is a mental health problem which is spread widely and most of physicians are well acquainted with this concept of depression. Diagnosis of depression disorder based on continuity of illness, etiology of illness and number of symptoms - all these discriminations should be reported during inspecting the link between depression and coronary heart disease. We review the mechanism of linking depression and coronary heart disease i.e. relationship between depression and inflammation, depression and autonomic dysfunction, CHD and autonomic dysfunction, depression and Sleep architecture disruption, depression and circadian rhythm disruption, CHD and circadian rhythm disruption, and depression and behavioral mechanism. There is bidirectional association between depression and coronary artery disease i.e. coronary artery disease can cause major depressive disorder and depression is risk factor for CAD and its complications. Major depression is a devastating comorbid disease that can make recovery difficult and increase risk of cardiac mortality and morbidity. We also go over the therapy options like Psychotherapy, Electroconvulsive therapy, Exercise etc. But there are some antidepressant medications also available for treating depression in patients associated with CAD. The antidepressant medications like SSRIs e.g. Sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram etc. appears to be safe in individual with depression and concomitant CAD or unstable angina. However, some evidence suggests that SSRIs like tricyclics, may increase risk cardiac events and death when taken for long time. New classes of antidepressants have dual reuptake inhibition for serotonin and nor-epinephrine e.g. venlafaxine. These medications are slightly more successful than SSRIs in treating depression, but they also have some adverse effects. Selegiline transdermal form was recently licensed for the treatment of MDD. Oral selegiline is not effective antidepressant. When compared to oral selegiline, STS results in stable plasma levels of drug and increased drug concentration in the brain.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88912667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00027
Saloni S. Chhajed, Mayuri V. Mali, Azam Z. Shaikh, S. Pawar, R. S. Jain
During immune surveillance, the host provides defense versus foreign antigens. By targeting surface antigens expressed on tumor cells, monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated efficacy as cancer therapeutics. Recent successful antibody-based strategies have focused on enhancing antitumor immune responses by targeting immune cells, irrespective of tumor antigens. The use of antibodies to woodcut pathways inhibiting the endogenous immune response to cancer, known as checkpoint tampon therapy, has stirred up a unconfined deal of excitement among scientists, physicians, and patients alike. Clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of antibodies that woodcut the T lamina inhibitory molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte various kinds of immunotherapy treatment for cancer are either misogynist to the public or are in the process of clinical trials. Immunotherapy treatments have the potential to treat cancer with significantly less toxicity than chemotherapy and radiation treatments. An accent on cellular infusion as a method of either enhancing the immune system by creating an environment for se-questering the host immune system to wade cancer cells or increasingly directly inserting cells to di-rectly wade cancer cells will be provided in this review. Various forms of cancer vaccines are moreover discussed in this paper as an important speciality in immunotherapy. This review seeks to describe various methodologies associated with overseeing immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer.
{"title":"Cancer: Immunology and Immunotharapy","authors":"Saloni S. Chhajed, Mayuri V. Mali, Azam Z. Shaikh, S. Pawar, R. S. Jain","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00027","url":null,"abstract":"During immune surveillance, the host provides defense versus foreign antigens. By targeting surface antigens expressed on tumor cells, monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated efficacy as cancer therapeutics. Recent successful antibody-based strategies have focused on enhancing antitumor immune responses by targeting immune cells, irrespective of tumor antigens. The use of antibodies to woodcut pathways inhibiting the endogenous immune response to cancer, known as checkpoint tampon therapy, has stirred up a unconfined deal of excitement among scientists, physicians, and patients alike. Clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of antibodies that woodcut the T lamina inhibitory molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte various kinds of immunotherapy treatment for cancer are either misogynist to the public or are in the process of clinical trials. Immunotherapy treatments have the potential to treat cancer with significantly less toxicity than chemotherapy and radiation treatments. An accent on cellular infusion as a method of either enhancing the immune system by creating an environment for se-questering the host immune system to wade cancer cells or increasingly directly inserting cells to di-rectly wade cancer cells will be provided in this review. Various forms of cancer vaccines are moreover discussed in this paper as an important speciality in immunotherapy. This review seeks to describe various methodologies associated with overseeing immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86880821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00025
Lami Singh, Hindustan Abdul Ahad, Bandaru Pavan Kumar, Vadde Madhusudhan
The present work aims to raise awareness of the new Corona Virus (CoV) variant, Delta Virus AY.4.2, among the general population. Scientists have found a mutation in the Corona Virus variant known as the Delta Virus. This literature review has been conducted in which the study proposes that it has given rise to the new strain of the CoV, AY.4.2, which has evolved from a super-spreading variant, called the Delta Virus, that binds and invades the body’s cells of the patient. The variant, or the sub-strain, has been detected in at least 24 countries now, according to World Health Organization Epidemiological statistics, including countries like the United States, India, the United Kingdom, Israel, and Russia. The Delta plus variant, which is the new mutant variant, has much better competitive survival chances than the other variants. According to scientists and researchers, AY.4.2, this CoV variant, has a faster onset of spread and infection. This variant has similar signs and symptoms to those of the Delta Virus and the CoV. If any symptoms happen to appear in any person, they are advised to consult a doctor, get themselves tested for COVID-19, and isolate themselves until they are recovered. Researchers conclude that after determining the fatality and potential severity of the variant, it is recommended that the public maintain social distance in crowded places while also taking precautionary measures to avoid meeting the virus. If any symptoms happen to appear in any person, they are advised to consult a doctor, get themselves tested for COVID-19, and isolate themselves until they are recovered.
目前的工作旨在提高普通人群对新型冠状病毒(CoV)变体Delta病毒AY.4.2的认识。科学家们发现了冠状病毒变种德尔塔病毒的突变。在进行的文献综述中，该研究提出，它已经产生了冠状病毒的新菌株AY.4.2，它是从一种称为德尔塔病毒的超级传播变体进化而来的，这种变体结合并侵入患者的身体细胞。根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)的流行病学统计数据，目前至少在24个国家发现了这种变体或子毒株，包括美国、印度、英国、以色列和俄罗斯等国家。Delta +变体，是一种新的突变变体，比其他变体有更好的竞争生存机会。据科学家和研究人员称，这种冠状病毒变体AY.4.2的传播和感染发病速度更快。这种变体具有与德尔塔病毒和冠状病毒相似的体征和症状。如果任何人出现任何症状，建议他们咨询医生，接受COVID-19检测，并隔离自己直到康复。研究人员得出结论，在确定该变体的致死率和潜在严重程度后，建议公众在拥挤的地方保持社交距离，同时采取预防措施，避免接触病毒。如果任何人出现任何症状，建议他们咨询医生，接受COVID-19检测，并隔离自己直到康复。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00029
Prathamesh D. Bagul, Chetan N. Badar, Kundan J. Tiwari
ZIKA is a single stranded RNA that was first isolated in a sentines rhescus monkey in the zik forest of Uganda in 1947. Primarily transmitted through the aedes aegypti mosquito of family flavivrudae over the past 60 years the ZIKA has been observed circulating among African and Asian populations. The first human case was detected in Nigeria in 1953. In these review we study the pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and medication of ZIKA virus.
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