Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00007
Gautam Kumar, R. Kumar, Harshit Rana
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) has several pharmacological properties like as anti-diabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-urolithiatic etc. The plant leaves of k. pinnata are used traditionally as ethno medicine. Many diseases are associated with the oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The species kalanchoe laciniata and bryophyllum pinnatum are native from Madagascar and Brazil. Both belong to the Crassulaceae family and it is widely used by population as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. These both species have similar leaf morphology and they are known by the same popular name as “saiao” or “coirama” due to this reason. Many studies have been published involving preparation and parts of these species.
{"title":"The Pharmacological activities of mother of thousand (Kalanchoe pinnata)","authors":"Gautam Kumar, R. Kumar, Harshit Rana","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00007","url":null,"abstract":"Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) has several pharmacological properties like as anti-diabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-urolithiatic etc. The plant leaves of k. pinnata are used traditionally as ethno medicine. Many diseases are associated with the oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The species kalanchoe laciniata and bryophyllum pinnatum are native from Madagascar and Brazil. Both belong to the Crassulaceae family and it is widely used by population as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. These both species have similar leaf morphology and they are known by the same popular name as “saiao” or “coirama” due to this reason. Many studies have been published involving preparation and parts of these species.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74635946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00001
R. Chandak, Harshada Tayade
The aqueous leaves extract of Tridax procumbent (Linn) was evaluated for its antidiabetic potential on normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In the chronic model, the hydromethanolic leaf extract was administered to normal and STZ- induced diabetic rats at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg body weight (b.w.) p.o. per day for 14 days. The fasting Blood Glucose Levels (BGL), serum insulin level and biochemical data such as glycosylated hemoglobin, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) were evaluated and all were compared to that of the known anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. The statistical data indicated significant increase in the body weight, liver glycogen, serum insulin and HDL levels and decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and serum triglycerides when compared with glibenclamide. Thus the hydromethanolic leaves extract of Tridax procumben had beneficial effects in reducing the elevated blood glucose level and lipid profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antidibetic Potential of Hydromethanolic Extract of Tridax procubens (Linn) in Mice","authors":"R. Chandak, Harshada Tayade","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00001","url":null,"abstract":"The aqueous leaves extract of Tridax procumbent (Linn) was evaluated for its antidiabetic potential on normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In the chronic model, the hydromethanolic leaf extract was administered to normal and STZ- induced diabetic rats at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg body weight (b.w.) p.o. per day for 14 days. The fasting Blood Glucose Levels (BGL), serum insulin level and biochemical data such as glycosylated hemoglobin, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) were evaluated and all were compared to that of the known anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. The statistical data indicated significant increase in the body weight, liver glycogen, serum insulin and HDL levels and decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and serum triglycerides when compared with glibenclamide. Thus the hydromethanolic leaves extract of Tridax procumben had beneficial effects in reducing the elevated blood glucose level and lipid profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77608766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00008
Devendra S. Mahale, Meghana Phulapagar, T. Gosavi, Vaishali A. Bharti
The beginning of civilization, human beings have worshiped plants and such plants are conserved as a genetic resource and used as food, fodder, fibre, fertilizer, fuel, febrifuge and in every other way. Calotropis gigantea is one such plant. In this review the systematic position, vernacular names, vegetative characters, Ecology and distribution, phytochemistry and the economical values of the Calotropis gigantea are discussed. y parts of the world and India, plants, animals and other natural objects have profound influence on culture and civilization of man. Since the beginning of civilization, human beings have worshiped plants and such plants are conserved as a genetic resource and used as food, fodder, fibre, fertilizer, fuel, febrifuge and in every other way, Calotropis gigantea is one such plant.
{"title":"Review on Calotropis gigantea use on Diabetic","authors":"Devendra S. Mahale, Meghana Phulapagar, T. Gosavi, Vaishali A. Bharti","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00008","url":null,"abstract":"The beginning of civilization, human beings have worshiped plants and such plants are conserved as a genetic resource and used as food, fodder, fibre, fertilizer, fuel, febrifuge and in every other way. Calotropis gigantea is one such plant. In this review the systematic position, vernacular names, vegetative characters, Ecology and distribution, phytochemistry and the economical values of the Calotropis gigantea are discussed. y parts of the world and India, plants, animals and other natural objects have profound influence on culture and civilization of man. Since the beginning of civilization, human beings have worshiped plants and such plants are conserved as a genetic resource and used as food, fodder, fibre, fertilizer, fuel, febrifuge and in every other way, Calotropis gigantea is one such plant.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76904063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that leads to High blood glucose levels, resulting in excessive urination, increased thirst, blurred vision, tingling, sweating and many other systems. Acute conditions include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma while long term condition results in stroke, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Diabetes mellitus A Case Study","authors":"Mahesh Babasaheb Kolap, Nandini Maruti Bhise, Nisha Vasant Poojary, Rajesh Keshav Bhadke","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00002","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that leads to High blood glucose levels, resulting in excessive urination, increased thirst, blurred vision, tingling, sweating and many other systems. Acute conditions include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma while long term condition results in stroke, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81615769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00005
Akashdeep Tyagi, P. Chaudhary, Vipin Kumar Garg
Calotropis giganteabelongs to the Asclepiadaceae family is commonly known as Arka and Ruvi and it is found throughout India. The Aerva lanata plant is a member of Amaranthaceae family and its usually known as mountain knot grass and gorakhabooti and their role in disease cure has been documented. Different part of these plants contains numerous types of chemical constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, quercetin, kaempferol, sterols, cynogenic glycoside, with diverse pharmacological activities. Moreover, these plants show, anti-microbial activity, analgesic, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diuretic and anti-diabetic activities. Hence this review representsan overview of medicinal uses of Calotropis gigantea and Aerva lanata plant which is used in many formulations.
{"title":"Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Calotropis gigantea and Aerva lanata: A Review","authors":"Akashdeep Tyagi, P. Chaudhary, Vipin Kumar Garg","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00005","url":null,"abstract":"Calotropis giganteabelongs to the Asclepiadaceae family is commonly known as Arka and Ruvi and it is found throughout India. The Aerva lanata plant is a member of Amaranthaceae family and its usually known as mountain knot grass and gorakhabooti and their role in disease cure has been documented. Different part of these plants contains numerous types of chemical constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, quercetin, kaempferol, sterols, cynogenic glycoside, with diverse pharmacological activities. Moreover, these plants show, anti-microbial activity, analgesic, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diuretic and anti-diabetic activities. Hence this review representsan overview of medicinal uses of Calotropis gigantea and Aerva lanata plant which is used in many formulations.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"362 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91450399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00003
Lakshmi Kanta Kanthal, Suman Pattanayak, Rimi Mondal, Susmita Roy, Somnath Das, Dibyendu Guria, Ujjwal Khatua, S. Bera
Objective: To evaluate the Pharmacognostical Study and Phytochemical screening of Pterisvittata L. Methods: Physicochemical and pharmacognostical standardization parameters for C. bonplandianum was developed as per the methods provided in World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Quantitative estimation of flavonoid total phenolics, tannins and total saponines contents were estimated by UV–spectrophotometry. Total alkaloids content was estimated by gravimetric analysis. Results: Morphological observations revealed that leaves of C. bonplandianum are simple, petiolate, alternate, 3–5cm long, oval to lanceolate in shape, serrated margin with acute apex. The stem is cylindrical, branched, woody, light brown in color, odourless and bitter in taste. Roots are small, dark brown to black in color, cylindrical, odourless and bitter in taste. Histological observations revealed the presence of discontinuous layer of lignified sclerenchymatous cells (stone cells), paracytic stomata, stellate trichomes, xylem with scalariform thickenings and libriformfibres. Qualitative and quantitative study of phytoconstituents revealed the presence of flavonoids (0.57% w/w, equivalent to rutin), phenolics (4.25% w/w, equivalent to tannic acid) tannins (2.15% w/w, equivalent tannic acid) and saponins (7.4% w/w, equivalent to diosgenin) and gravimetric estimation of alkaloids content was found to be 2.5% w/w. Conclusion: The pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters studied in the present investigation will aid in the identification and will be helpful in maintaining the standard profile of C. Bonplandianum. Methods: Pharmacognostical& Phytochemical screening parameters for Pterisvittata L. Results: Morphological observations of P.vittatarevealed that leaflet comprises mesophyll, epidermis and the vascular bundle. Sclerenchymatous strips are found both in adaxial and abaxial sides in the hypodermal regions of the midrib. Epidermis is covered with thick cuticles and is single-layered with quadrangular cells. Phytochemical screening revealed thepresence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and saponins. Different pharmacognostical studies were performed like Fluorescence analysis, extractive values, ash value, loss on drying, foaming index & swelling index. Conclusion: The pharmacognosticaland phytochemical parameters showed in the present investigation will aid in the scientific research will be helpful in maintaining the standard profile of Pterisvittata L.
{"title":"Pharmacognostical Study and Phytochemical Evaluation of Pterisvittata L.","authors":"Lakshmi Kanta Kanthal, Suman Pattanayak, Rimi Mondal, Susmita Roy, Somnath Das, Dibyendu Guria, Ujjwal Khatua, S. Bera","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the Pharmacognostical Study and Phytochemical screening of Pterisvittata L. Methods: Physicochemical and pharmacognostical standardization parameters for C. bonplandianum was developed as per the methods provided in World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Quantitative estimation of flavonoid total phenolics, tannins and total saponines contents were estimated by UV–spectrophotometry. Total alkaloids content was estimated by gravimetric analysis. Results: Morphological observations revealed that leaves of C. bonplandianum are simple, petiolate, alternate, 3–5cm long, oval to lanceolate in shape, serrated margin with acute apex. The stem is cylindrical, branched, woody, light brown in color, odourless and bitter in taste. Roots are small, dark brown to black in color, cylindrical, odourless and bitter in taste. Histological observations revealed the presence of discontinuous layer of lignified sclerenchymatous cells (stone cells), paracytic stomata, stellate trichomes, xylem with scalariform thickenings and libriformfibres. Qualitative and quantitative study of phytoconstituents revealed the presence of flavonoids (0.57% w/w, equivalent to rutin), phenolics (4.25% w/w, equivalent to tannic acid) tannins (2.15% w/w, equivalent tannic acid) and saponins (7.4% w/w, equivalent to diosgenin) and gravimetric estimation of alkaloids content was found to be 2.5% w/w. Conclusion: The pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters studied in the present investigation will aid in the identification and will be helpful in maintaining the standard profile of C. Bonplandianum. Methods: Pharmacognostical& Phytochemical screening parameters for Pterisvittata L. Results: Morphological observations of P.vittatarevealed that leaflet comprises mesophyll, epidermis and the vascular bundle. Sclerenchymatous strips are found both in adaxial and abaxial sides in the hypodermal regions of the midrib. Epidermis is covered with thick cuticles and is single-layered with quadrangular cells. Phytochemical screening revealed thepresence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and saponins. Different pharmacognostical studies were performed like Fluorescence analysis, extractive values, ash value, loss on drying, foaming index & swelling index. Conclusion: The pharmacognosticaland phytochemical parameters showed in the present investigation will aid in the scientific research will be helpful in maintaining the standard profile of Pterisvittata L.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73707528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00006
Snehal Dilip Kothavale, Rinaj Rasul Attar, S. K. Mohite, Sagar B. Patil
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. Aedes mosquito species such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopict us, and Aedes africanus transmit the disease to humans.
{"title":"Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Snehal Dilip Kothavale, Rinaj Rasul Attar, S. K. Mohite, Sagar B. Patil","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00006","url":null,"abstract":"The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. Aedes mosquito species such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopict us, and Aedes africanus transmit the disease to humans.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90998865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“WHO Constitution states that ‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. WHO, the parent organisation being ECOSOC is a major spoke in the wheel of United Nations common family system. It has been also in the past and in the present actively and symbiotically involved in improving international public health as well as intervening in humanitarian crises on the issues of health and well-being. Its complementary role with other important international and national actors like ICRC, UNCERF, UNDAC, EM-DAT and NDMA in West Asia, Africa, Latin America, South and South East Aia cannot be understated in contemporary times.
{"title":"Review on WHO","authors":"Mahesh Babasaheb Kolap, Nazhat Alimuddin Bepari, Sadiya Yasin Mangalware, Rajesh Keshav Bhadke","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00004","url":null,"abstract":"“WHO Constitution states that ‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. WHO, the parent organisation being ECOSOC is a major spoke in the wheel of United Nations common family system. It has been also in the past and in the present actively and symbiotically involved in improving international public health as well as intervening in humanitarian crises on the issues of health and well-being. Its complementary role with other important international and national actors like ICRC, UNCERF, UNDAC, EM-DAT and NDMA in West Asia, Africa, Latin America, South and South East Aia cannot be understated in contemporary times.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90160227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00047
P. Panda, I. S, Banamali Das, G. Bhuyan, M. M. Rao
The concepts of drug dosing and route of administration of drugs play a vital role in the biological efficacy of drugs. The selection of proper dosage forms and frequency of drug administration are essential for acquiring desired biological effects of drugs. In Ayurveda, the term Kalpana resembles various dosage forms, i.e., liquid, semisolid, and solid. Kalka, Vati, Bhasma, Asava/ Arishta, Kwatha, Churna, etc., are various dosage forms utilized in Ayurveda therapies mainly for internal administration of drugs. Asava and Arista, two important Ayurvedic formulations, have been used for more than 3000 years for the treatment of various diseases. They are effective, palatable, stable, and most importantly, they have no side effects. Arishtas and asavas are self-generated herbal fermentations of traditional Ayurvedic system. They are alcoholic medicaments prepared by allowing the herbal juices or their decoctions to undergo fermentation with added sugars. Arishtas are made with decoctions of herbs in boiling water. Asavas are prepared by fermentation of fresh herbal juices. The formulation prepared by fermentation of decoction is called arishtas, while that prepared without fermentative preparation without decoction is called Asava. Acharya Sarangadhara described the preparation and properties of different Asava and Arista. Baisajyaratnavali, also known as Ayurveda's therapeutic index, mentioned more than 40 Asava and Arista preparations for treating various diseases. This paper aims to document the available information about the different Asava and Arista with their therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Therapeutic importance of Asava and Arista (Fermentative Formulation) in Ayurveda: A review","authors":"P. Panda, I. S, Banamali Das, G. Bhuyan, M. M. Rao","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00047","url":null,"abstract":"The concepts of drug dosing and route of administration of drugs play a vital role in the biological efficacy of drugs. The selection of proper dosage forms and frequency of drug administration are essential for acquiring desired biological effects of drugs. In Ayurveda, the term Kalpana resembles various dosage forms, i.e., liquid, semisolid, and solid. Kalka, Vati, Bhasma, Asava/ Arishta, Kwatha, Churna, etc., are various dosage forms utilized in Ayurveda therapies mainly for internal administration of drugs. Asava and Arista, two important Ayurvedic formulations, have been used for more than 3000 years for the treatment of various diseases. They are effective, palatable, stable, and most importantly, they have no side effects. Arishtas and asavas are self-generated herbal fermentations of traditional Ayurvedic system. They are alcoholic medicaments prepared by allowing the herbal juices or their decoctions to undergo fermentation with added sugars. Arishtas are made with decoctions of herbs in boiling water. Asavas are prepared by fermentation of fresh herbal juices. The formulation prepared by fermentation of decoction is called arishtas, while that prepared without fermentative preparation without decoction is called Asava. Acharya Sarangadhara described the preparation and properties of different Asava and Arista. Baisajyaratnavali, also known as Ayurveda's therapeutic index, mentioned more than 40 Asava and Arista preparations for treating various diseases. This paper aims to document the available information about the different Asava and Arista with their therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86141676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00046
P. Pavani, E. Naveena, P. Subhashini, S. Srikanth, K. Naik, M. Babu
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are used as over-the-counter drugs for Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory conditions. They inhibit prostaglandins synthesis by acting on Cyclooxygenase enzymes in the Arachidonic cascade which causes various abnormal effects like peptic ulcers, Gastrointestinal bleeding, sodium and water retention, hypertension, hemodynamic kidney injury, nephrotoxicity, stroke, and myocardial infarction when used for a longer duration, especially in older patients/comorbidities patients/ pre-existing renal disease patients. This is because in older patients decrease in glomerular filtration rate and comorbidity conditions increase the risk of NSAIDs and cause Acute Kidney injury, Tubulointerstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney injury. NSAIDs do not cause much risk in patients who are young, without pre-existing kidney disease and without comorbidities. Physicians should educate patients with caution on the usage of NSAIDs for longer periods and should prescribe drugs in a dose-dependent manner.
{"title":"A Review on Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Induced Kidney Diseases","authors":"P. Pavani, E. Naveena, P. Subhashini, S. Srikanth, K. Naik, M. Babu","doi":"10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00046","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are used as over-the-counter drugs for Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory conditions. They inhibit prostaglandins synthesis by acting on Cyclooxygenase enzymes in the Arachidonic cascade which causes various abnormal effects like peptic ulcers, Gastrointestinal bleeding, sodium and water retention, hypertension, hemodynamic kidney injury, nephrotoxicity, stroke, and myocardial infarction when used for a longer duration, especially in older patients/comorbidities patients/ pre-existing renal disease patients. This is because in older patients decrease in glomerular filtration rate and comorbidity conditions increase the risk of NSAIDs and cause Acute Kidney injury, Tubulointerstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney injury. NSAIDs do not cause much risk in patients who are young, without pre-existing kidney disease and without comorbidities. Physicians should educate patients with caution on the usage of NSAIDs for longer periods and should prescribe drugs in a dose-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":20945,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90700943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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