Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Background: Excessive Internet Use (EIU) represents a significant concern among adolescents, with growing evidence linking it to adverse mental health outcomes, particularly depressive symptoms.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between EIU and depressive symptoms among adolescents, focusing on the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating effect of social inclusion.

Methods: Drawing on data from the Finnish School Health Promotion Study (N = 131,528), we employed validated measures to assess EIU, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and social inclusion. A moderated mediation model was conducted using PROCESS macro for SPSS to examine the direct and indirect associations between EIU and depressive symptoms. Social inclusion, defined as adolescent perceived sense of belonging, acceptance, and participation within their social environment, was tested as a buffering factor in both the direct and indirect pathways.

Results: EIU was significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms, and loneliness emerged as a significant mediator, accounting for 39.5% of the total effect. Social inclusion demonstrated a significant moderating effect, weakening both the direct path from EIU to depressive symptoms and the indirect path through loneliness. The buffering effect of social inclusion was particularly pronounced in reducing the impact of loneliness on depression, with stronger protective effects observed among adolescents reporting higher levels of social inclusion compared to those with lower levels.

Conclusion: These findings advance our theoretical understanding of how digital behavior impacts adolescent mental health and provide evidence-based insights for developing comprehensive interventions. Effective strategies to address EIU-related depressive symptoms should incorporate both loneliness reduction and social inclusion enhancement to promote adolescent well-being in the digital age.

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mood disorder occurring within the first year after childbirth, characterized by persistent sadness, fatigue, and bonding difficulties. This study focuses on mothers in Aurangabad, Bihar-a region with limited health-care facilities, high poverty, low education, and strong cultural beliefs about motherhood and mental health. We hypothesized that positive Big Five personality traits correlate with lower PPD levels, and that social support enhances this protective effect.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey involved 300 mothers of children aged 1-2 years, recruited via convenience sampling between February and April 2023. Data collection used face-to-face interviews with the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, moderation testing with PROCESS macro (SPSS v4.2), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

Results: The average EPDS score was 7.9 (SD = 4.3), indicating generally low to moderate levels of PPD. Higher depression scores were significantly associated with neuroticism (r = 0.51, p < 0.01), lower extraversion, older mothers' age, and lower income. Perceived social support did not directly predict PPD but marginally moderated the relationship between personality traits and depression (interaction p = 0.0995), with reduced effect at higher levels of support (p = 0.2245). SEM supported partial indirect effects but did not indicate strong mediation.

Conclusion: Personality traits, particularly neuroticism, are key predictors of PPD in this population. While social support shows a limited moderating effect, it may offer modest protective benefits under certain conditions. The findings underscore the need for early psychological screening, especially for neuroticism, and tailored support interventions for new mothers. Given the cross-sectional design and sampling method, results should be interpreted cautiously. Longitudinal studies are recommended for further validation.

Purpose: This study examined the influence of emotional contexts and invalidating family environment on impulsivity, especially response inhibition function, in adolescents with borderline personality features.

Methods: 483 Chinese adolescents (52.2% females; Mage = 15.54 years) from a community sample completed the scales of McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder and Chinese Invalidating Family Scale for Adolescents and the Go/NoGo task under positive, neutral, and negative emotional conditions. Repeated measures ANCOVAs were performed without and with invalidating family environment as a covariate to compare the behavioral outcomes of the Go/Nogo task between participants with different levels of borderline personality features under different emotions.

Results: Adolescents with high borderline personality features made significantly more commission errors in the Go/NoGo task only in positive emotional conditions, and the group differences in commission error rates became non-significant after controlling invalidating family environment.

Conclusion: The results suggest the impaired response inhibition function particularly under positive emotions of adolescents high in borderline personality features and its close association to invalidating family environment, pointing to more targeted diagnostic and treatment strategies for adolescent borderline personality disorder.

Patient-centered communication has emerged as a fundamental component of effective psychotherapy, significantly influencing the therapeutic process and outcomes. This narrative review examined 53 studies selected from PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL databases published between 2010-2024, focusing on empirical and theoretical work on patient-centered communication in psychotherapy. A significant portion of this review is dedicated to analyzing the effects of patient-centered communication on therapeutic outcomes. The evidence consistently demonstrates that this approach enhances the therapeutic alliance, improves treatment adherence and engagement, increases patient satisfaction, and leads to better overall mental health outcomes. The review also examines how patient-centered communication is applied across different therapeutic modalities, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic approaches, and group therapy settings. Cultural considerations in patient-centered communication are thoroughly explored, highlighting the importance of adapting communication styles for diverse populations and addressing language barriers and cultural differences. The review discusses the impact of culturally sensitive patient-centered communication on therapeutic outcomes for minority groups, emphasizing its potential to reduce disparities in mental health care. This narrative review also provides valuable insights for mental health professionals, researchers, and policymakers, underscoring the importance of patient-centered communication in advancing the field of psychotherapy and improving mental health care delivery.

Purpose: Work-life balance (WLB) represents a well-established construct in several fields. However, the post-pandemic period has prompted substantial re-evaluations of the boundaries between professional and personal life among the general population, highlighting a critical need for renewed theoretical frameworks and empirical updates in this field. Our research focuses on the procedure of effectively assessing WLB in different cultural contexts, grounded in well-established theoretical foundations and involving the testing of measurement quality. Thus, the present cross-cultural study aimed to provide new evidence about the dimensionality, validity, reliability, and cultural invariance of the Work-Life Balance Scale and its practical impact on employee well-being.

Participants and methods: A sample of 362 employees (50% Maltese; 50% Italian), with a mean age of 43.36 (SD = 11.51) completed the WLBS in an online survey from March to April 2023. The cultural invariance was tested using the 13-model ESEM taxonomy of full measurement invariance. Moreover, through Network Analysis, the life satisfaction and optimism scales were administered to test the WLBS validity across countries.

Results: Results showed ESEM model good fit (X²=127.609, df = 63, CFI = 0.963, TLI = 0.939, RMSEA = 0.053 [0.040-0.066]) and less correlated latent factors than CFA. Tests of cultural invariance supported a weak invariance (ie, factor loadings and item uniqueness or factor variance/covariance matrix) across countries. Furthermore, the findings supported the validity and reliability of the scale.

Conclusion: In conclusion, new evidence about the WLBS theoretical framework and dimensionality was provided by using the ESEM as a challenging psychometric approach. Results from this study also supported its psychometric features and the cross-cultural applicability of the WLBS in two different European countries. The practical recommendations for government policy were discussed.

Purpose: The implementation of the three-child policy brings about changes to family structures and resource distributions. However, little research has explored the effects of birth order on adolescent mental health in this context. This study aims to bridge the gap by investigating the relationship between birth order and mental health and discovering the underlying factors.

Patients and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3581 adolescents from 42 schools across 17 cities in China were recruited. Data on mental health (the adapted Chinese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ), parenting styles (the Parenting Styles Scale), birth order, duration of parental company, and demographic characteristics were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis analyzes the relationships among these factors.

Results: Compared with only-child adolescents, first-borns had higher scores of total SDQ (β= 0.74, p<0.01), emotional symptoms (β= 0.22, p<0.05), conduct symptoms (β= 0.18, p<0.01), and peer relationship symptoms (β= 0.29, p<0.001). They experienced less emotionally warm (β= -0.54, p<0.001) and trust-encouraged (β= -0.34, p<0.01) parenting styles, with shorter durations of parental company (β= -0.26, p<0.001). Middle-born adolescents had higher peer relationship symptoms scores and more neglectful parenting styles. Last-born adolescents were more likely to receive spoiled parenting styles.

Conclusion: This study elucidates the effects of birth order on adolescent mental health in the three-child policy era, revealing that parenting styles vary by birth order. First-borns may experience suboptimal parenting styles and shorter parental company, increasing mental health risks. Middle-borns may encounter neglectful parenting styles, while last-borns experience spoiled parenting styles. These findings emphasize the need for tailored support from parents and schools to address each child's unique needs and foster better psychological development. Limitations include reliance on self-reported data and the cross-sectional design that restricts causal inference. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs and explore cultural and regional variations.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the causal relationship between depression, sleep disorders, and constipation using multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) and mediation MR analysis. Additionally, the potential mediating effects of sleep disorders in the association between depression and constipation were evaluated.

Methods: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were utilized to identify genetic variants associated with depression, sleep disorders, and constipation as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was applied as the primary analytical approach. The mediating role of sleep disorders was assessed through multivariable MR and mediation MR analysis, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.

Results: Depression was associated with a significantly increased risk of constipation (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11-1.44, P = 0.00034, IVW). Reverse MR analysis did not demonstrate a significant effect of constipation on depression (P = 0.086). According to mediation MR analysis, sleep disorders significantly mediated the causal association between depression and constipation, with a mediation rate of 13%. Sensitivity analyses supported the consistency and robustness of the findings.

Conclusion: Findings from this study provide evidence of a causal relationship between depression and constipation, with sleep disorders serving as a partial mediator. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms of depression-related constipation, highlighting the potential role of sleep disturbances as a therapeutic target.

Purpose: Depression is one of the significant factors affecting the mental health of military college students. This study aims to explore the influencing mechanisms of depression in military college students.

Methods: This study employed a convenience sampling method to recruit 813 participants and collected data through online questionnaires administered via Wenjuanwang. The questionnaires comprised sections on demographic information, character strengths, positive affect, satisfaction with life, and depression scales. For data analysis, t-tests were conducted for intergroup comparisons, and Pearson's correlation analysis was utilized to evaluate the relationships between variables, and regression analysis combined with structural equation modeling was applied to investigate the chain mediating effects.

Results: Character strengths negatively predict depression among military academy students, with a mediating effect of -0.169 (95% CI: -0.323 to -0.050). Life satisfaction partially mediates this relationship (mediating effect: -0.074, 95% CI: -0.323 to -0.050). Positive emotions do not significantly mediate this relationship (β = -0.045, 95% CI: -0.154 to 0.057). Character strengths also indirectly influence depression via the sequential mediation of positive emotions and life satisfaction (mediating effect: -0.163, 95% CI: -0.398 to -0.199, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Educators in military college may consider designing comprehensive intervention programs to cultivate character strengths, which could potentially enhance positive emotions and life satisfaction, and possibly prevent depression or reduce its level.

Introduction: Perceived social-emotional competence (PSEC) has been identified as a critical factor influencing adolescent mental health. However, limited research has explored the underlying mechanisms linking PSEC to both psychological distress and subjective well-being.

Methods: This longitudinal study investigated the associations among PSEC, psychological distress, and subjective well-being, as well as the potential mediating roles of peer relationships and teacher-student relationships. A sample of 452 adolescents (aged 16-19 years) participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the hypothesized mediation pathways.

Results: Correlational analyses showed significant associations among PSEC, subjective well-being, psychological distress, peer relationships, and teacher-student relationships. Longitudinal mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between PSEC and psychological distress was fully mediated by peer relationships. In contrast, the effects of PSEC on subjective well-being were explained by both direct effects and the mediating roles of peer and teacher-student relationships.

Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of supportive interpersonal relationships in adolescent mental health. The results suggest that enhancing peer and teacher-student relationships may be a valuable target for interventions aimed at strengthening the positive impact of PSEC.

Purpose: While prior research has predominantly examined the direct effects of social media addiction, academic stress, and sleep quality on anxiety symptoms, the role of underlying mechanisms remains insufficiently explored. This study seeks to systematically investigate how social media addiction, academic stress, and sleep quality influence anxiety symptoms through the mediating mechanism of self-efficacy.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional survey design, using stratified random sampling to recruit 469 Chinese adolescents aged 12-18. Various tools were used for measurement, including the Social Media Addiction Scale, the Academic Stress Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis were conducted using SPSS 26.0.

Results: After controlling for covariates such as gender, the results indicated significant correlations between social media addiction, academic stress, sleep quality, and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Self-efficacy played a crucial mediating role in this process.

Conclusion: These findings provide new insights into the causes of anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents and offer a theoretical basis for future psychological health intervention strategies.