Research in Sports Medicine最新文献

We examined the effect of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on running-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in the heat. Recreationally active men (n = 12, age: 28 ± 6 yr, BMI: 24.5 ± 1.8 kg·m^-2, $\dot{V}$O_2max: 56 ± 6 mL·kg^-1·min^-1) volunteered. Participants dosed with 7 days of NZBC extract (CurraNZ®) (210 mg anthocyanins) or placebo. Exercise consisted of treadmill running for one hr at 65%$\dot{V}$O_2max (34.1 ± 0.1°C, 40.8 ± 0.2% relative humidity) with the recording of gastrointestinal symptoms during and at 60 min following recovery in normal conditions. With placebo, 11 participants (92%) reported gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. belching, stitch), and this was reduced to four participants (25%) with NZBC extract. Using a modified visual analog scale, the accumulated score of gastrointestinal symptoms was lower with 7-day intake of NZBC extract (placebo: 112, NZBC extract: 54, p = 0.04). The prevalence of upper, lower and other gastrointestinal symptoms was reduced (upper, placebo: 75%, NZBC extract: 25%; lower: placebo: 25%, NZBC extract: 17%; other, placebo: 50%, NZBC extract: 25%). With placebo, only two participants reported severe symptoms (one participant for dizziness and nausea with that participant still reporting those in the NZBC extract condition). Seven-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract reduced the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms during 1-h of running in hot environmental conditions. Future research should examine the efficacy of NZBC extract on exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms in conditions in which gastrointestinal symptoms can be expected to be severe.

This review aimed to identify risk factors for soccer injuries and provide researchers the needed elements to build a soccer-player's injury risk profile. An umbrella review was conducted following the PRIOR criteria (OSF registration link: https://osf.io/jr7xe/). A literature search was run to identify studies investigating soccer-related injury risk factors. We included systematic reviews published between 2013 and 2023 related to soccer and analysed the identified risk factors to classify these in intrinsic and extrinsic, group in categories and identify relationships between risk factors and injury location. Among 240 risk factors, 181 (75.4%) were classified as intrinsic and 59 (24.6%) as extrinsic. We grouped risk factors in 14 categories. Finally, we found relationships between risk factors and injury locations for 159 factors, with the knee representing the body area most affected by risk factors (N = 101), followed by the ankle (N = 65) and the thigh (N = 65).

Background: This study aims to investigate how accumulated training load over different time windows (7, 14, and 28 days) influences the incidence of hamstring injuries in elite football players.

Methods: A descriptive and longitudinal study was developed in 343 players in three teams (2^nd Team, U-19 team, and U-18 team) from the academy of an elite football club in Spanish La Liga that also competed in the Union of European Football Associations Champions League during four seasons, from 2017/18 to 2020/21. External load variables (total distance, high-speed running, accelerations, etc.) for training and competition have been studied considering the volume variables during three different time windows along the different seasons (7 days, 14 days, and 28 days).

Results: Results did not show differences in the shortest time windows (7- and 14-week periods), showing that strength and conditioning coaches should analyse longer periods of time and compare them to previous periods with the same length in order to improve workload management and reduce injury risk.

Conclusions: It is important consider the accumulated load (chronic) in periods of 28 days to avoid an increase that generates a hamstring injury. The control of the training load in blocks of 28-day time windows seems essential to minimize the injury rate in football players.

This systematic review aims to identify the biomechanical alterations in Osgood - Schlatter disease (OSD). A comprehensive electronic search was undertaken by two independent researchers of PubMed, Lilacs, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Web of Science, SciELO, and Cochrane using search terms referring to OSD, following PRISMA 2020 recommendations. Cross-sectional/observational studies or baseline measurements of longitudinal studies that provided comparisons of individuals with OSD and control participants were included. There were no restrictions on language and publication date. Studies were selected based on titles, abstracts, and full texts, and duplicates were excluded. Study quality was rated according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. The search yielded 568 studies, and after applying the eligibility criteria, 554 studies were excluded, resulting in a final sample of 14 studies. Participants identified in the studies were adolescents (10-16 years) and were mostly male. People with OSD displayed a greater height and body mass index, as well as the presence of pelvic tilt, increased posterior tibial slope, increased condylomalleolar and tibial torsion angles, lower hip abduction (in women) and knee extension strength, and greater stiffness of the quadriceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles. Overall evidence quality is moderate based on JBI guidelines.

Early post-traumatic osteoarthritis due to sports injuries is not rare and cell-based therapies are currently used in the treatment. Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP), synovium (Sy) and subcutaneous adipose (S) tissues were obtained for analysis and MSC isolation. Osteoarthritic (OACs) and normal chondrocytes were co-cultured with MSCs for days seven and 14. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) levels were analysed in the supernatants. Untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed in the collected tissues and co-culture media of the experiment groups. TNFα concentrations were lower in IPFP-MSC and Sy-MSC had lower than OACs on day 14. Likewise, MMP-3 decreased in the same groups on day seven and day 14 (p = 0.036). Metabolomic analysis showed distinct profiles in the tissues and metabolic changes in the co-culture media. The extracellular environment of MSCs derived from the IPFP, Sy and S have distinct features and effects on OACs.

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and associated musculoskeletal features of patellofemoral-pain (PFP) in pubertal female dancers at baseline and 12-months later. Thirty-four female dancers (aged 11.9 ± 2.5 yrs, with Tanner stages 3-5 of 68.8% for breasts and 74.2% for pubic at the baseline) were assessed for anthropometric measurements, tibial bone strength, joint ROM, patellar-tendon structure, muscle strength, and were clinically examined by an orthopaedic physician for PFP. At the baseline, 50% suffered from PFP. At the follow-up, 26.5% remained healthy without PFP; 20.6% recovered; 23.5% developed PFP; and 29.4% remained with PFP. PFP*time interaction was found for tibial bone strength (F_(3,30) = 16.534, p < .001). In tendon structure (echo-type III), joint ROM (en-pointe and hip external rotation) and muscle strength (knee flexors, knee extensors and hip abductors), Kruskal -Wallis test showed significantly different improvement/deterioration (from pre to post) between healthy-dancers, recovered-dancers, developed-PFP dancers and dancers that remained with PFP (p < 0.05). A relatively high prevalence of dancers suffered from PFP at both baseline and follow-up, with few having recovered. In dancers that developed PFP and those that remained with PFP, reduced tibial bone strength, alternated tendon structure, increased joint ROM, and reduced muscle strength were seen, compared to their healthy or recovered counterparts.

Methods: A total of 181 young male athletes were recruited and categorized according to sport specialization (soccer or athletics) and age categories (U15, U17 or U19). Isokinetic strength was measured as peak muscle torque (PT), normalized to body mass, for the knee extensors (PT_KE) and knee flexors (PT_KF) during concentric muscle contraction at three angular velocities (60^°s^-1. 180^°s^-1. 300^°s^-1). Vertical jump performance was measured during a countermovement jump with arms fixed (CMJ) and a squat jump (SJ).

Results: Significantly higher values of bilateral asymmetry (BA) of PT_KF for angular velocity 60°s^-1 and 180°s^-1 were found in the athletics group compared to the soccer group in the U17 category (14.40% to 16.02% vs 9.07% to 10.45%). Significantly higher values of BA for angular velocity 300°s^-1 for both PT_KE and PT_KF were found in the U15 compared to U19 category. Significantly higher values of H:Q ratio at all angular velocity except for the non-dominant leg in the highest angular velocity in soccer compared to the athletes in the U17 category were found. Soccer players exhibited significantly higher values of PT_KF compared to those in athletics and jump height in the U17 category.

Conclusion: Soccer players displayed increased isokinetic strength and more balanced BA compared to the athletics group. Physiotherapists and strength coaches should focus on younger age groups, especially U15, due to the higher incidence of BA and lower relative strength regardless of specialization.

We aimed to investigate the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) rehabilitation and return-to-sport (RTS) practices of Turkish physiotherapists. An online survey with 25 questions on ACL-R rehabilitation and RTS practices was created on Google Forms and distributed to physiotherapists via social media. Two-hundred sixty-four physiotherapists' responses were analysed. About 62.3% of therapists treated patients prior to ACL-R. Open-kinetic-chain (OKC) exercises frequently started at 4-6 weeks post-operatively (34.8%). Return-to-running cleared at 3-4 months (37%) and RTS cleared at 6-9 months (40.2%) mostly. Manual muscle tests were used by 58.4% of physiotherapists to evaluate knee strength before RTS. About 46.7% of physiotherapists did not assess psychological readiness for RTS. Physiotherapists with a bachelor's degree cleared patients for RTS earlier (<9 months) than those with postgraduate degrees (p = 0.001) but used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) more frequently (p = 0.010). Physiotherapists with over 5 years of experience used PROMs and psychological readiness scales more frequently (p = 0.035, p = 0.001) but also cleared patients for RTS earlier (p = 0.014). This study revealed that physiotherapist rehabilitation practices after ACL-R are not fully consistent with the current best evidence. This inconsistency in rehabilitation practices may lead to suboptimal patient outcomes after ACL-R. Encouraging physiotherapists to incorporate the latest evidence into practice might lead to better rehabilitation outcomes.

This research investigated the impact of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) on 2000-meter rowing ergometer performance and cognitive abilities. Nine trained male rowers from Iran's national team participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, undergoing three sessions with NZBC (600 mg∙day-1), placebo (PL), and control (CL) treatments over seven days, followed by a 14-day washout period. Participants completed a 2000-meter ergometer test provided self-reported ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and completed a cognitive function assessment five minutes following the rowing exercise. Findings indicated no significant ergogenic benefits from NZBC supplementation (420 ± 12 s) compared to PL (424 ± 15 s) and CL (423 ± 14 s), despite showing a minimal effect size (Cohen's d = 0.23). Six subjects had negligible enhancements in performance. No changes were seen in cognitive function or RPE (p > 0.05). A seven-day regimen of NZBC did not enhance rowing performance, cognitive function, or RPE.

Researchers may implement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate neurophysiological metrics (e.g. connectivity) in athletes with sports-related concussion (SRC). MRI usage has been purported to exacerbate symptoms that mimic SRC symptomatology, possibly influencing recovery. The present study examined MRI use on SRC recovery outcomes in collegiate athletes. Ninety student-athletes (45 with MRI acutely post-SRC, 45 non-MRI) from four collegiate sites were analysed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to measure the SRC recovery risk [return-to-play (RTP) initiation (RTP-I) and unrestricted RTP] with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). No hazard differences for median days to RTP-I [MRI: 10, interquartile range (IQR) = 7-15; non-MRI: 7 (IQR = 4-9)] were observed (HR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.28-1.21). No hazard differences for median days to RTP [(MRI: 17 (IQR = 11-60); non-MRI: 12 (IQR = 8-24)] were observed (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.29-1.26). MRI use post-SRC does not affect recovery; researchers/clinicians can employ such a procedure without affecting athlete recovery.