Research in Sports Medicine最新文献

Sport-related concussions (SRCs) are prevalent in high school (HS) sports, though the determinants of, and relationships between concussion symptoms in this population remain relatively unknown. We analysed SRC data captured within the HS RIO injury surveillance system during 2014/15-2018/19. We used Generalized Estimating Equations to simultaneously assess covariate predictors of symptom presentations and identify pairwise symptom associations and employed multivariable ordinal logistic regressions to determine symptom resolution time (SRT) predictors. Among the 8,969 concussions assessed, headaches (94.3%) and dizziness (73.3%) were the most prevalently reported symptoms. In 5,953 boys' concussion assessed, class year, event type and injury mechanism emerged as determinants of various concussion symptoms, while in 3,016 girls' concussions assessed, class year, event type, injury mechanism, and sport type emerged as significant symptom determinants. In both groups, difficulty concentrating, sensitivity to light, sensitivity to noise, and disorientation were symptoms with the strongest associations with other symptoms. Odds of longer SRT were higher with greater endorsement (i.e. counts) of the subset of symptoms with strongest cross-domain associations (OR_adj. = 1.35; 95% CI = [1.30, 1.40]). Our findings provide valuable information for informing sideline and follow-up clinical concussion assessment algorithms in high school athletes.

The objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of resistance training (RT) on individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In order to gather relevant studies from the beginning of various databases until January 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. Additionally, manual searches were performed on the reference lists. The association between RT and KOA was analysed using a random-effects model. The results indicated that patients with KOA who underwent RT experienced a significant reduction in the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis) Pain index (WMD = -2.441; 95% CI = -3.610 to -1.273; p < 0.01), the WOMAC Stiffness index (WMD = -1.018; 95% CI = -1.744 to -0.293; p < 0.01), the WOMAC Function index (WMD = -7.208; 95% CI = -10.412 to -4.004; p < 0.01), and the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) index (WMD = -5.721; 95% CI = -9.320 to -2.121; p < 0.01). These improvements were observed when compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was found in the 6-MWT (6-Minute Walk Test) index between the two groups (WMD = 2.659; 95% CI= -16.741 to 22.058; p = 0.788). Consequently, RT has the potential to positively enhance pain, stiffness, and function in patients with KOA, while the 6-MWT index may not exhibit significant improvement.

This study aimed to evaluate the muscle activation ratio of hip and knee during hip-focused exercises. Eleven active university students performed 13 hip-focused exercises frequently used in the treatment of knee disorders. The average sEMG amplitude of tensor fasciae latae (TFL), gluteus medius (GMed), gluteus maximus (GMax), adductor longus (AL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and GMed/AL, GMax/AL, and VL/VM ratios were determined. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed to determine if there were differences in muscle activation while performing each of the 13 exercises. Sidelying clam-shell had the highest GMax/AL ratio of all the exercises examined. The hip hike exercise (5.36) had the highest GMed/AL ratio. The VL/VM ratio ranged from 0.77 to 1.16. Based on these results, sidelying clam-shell had the highest GMax/AL ratio. The hip hike exercise had a higher GMed/AL ratio compared to other hip-focused exercises. Additionally, forward lunge, squat, and single-leg squat with resistance band around the knee had the highest activity VL/VM ratio among exercises.

Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), brief periods of ischaemia immediately followed by reperfusion applied to a vascular bed, has emerged as a method to improve exercise performance. There is, however, a lack of research exploring repeated episodes of IPC on anaerobic performance. The aim of this study was to determine if a 2-week repeated IPC intervention could enhance anaerobic performance in male academy football players. Eight male academy football players completed two, 2-week intervention trials: six IPC episodes (4 × 5 min at 220 mmHg per episode), and six SHAM episodes (4 × 5 min at 20 mmHg per episode). Prior to and following each intervention trial, the participants completed assessments of anaerobic performance (Running Anaerobic Sprint Test [RAST]), and superficial femoral artery endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]). IPC significantly enhanced peak and mean power output by 12% (p = 0.026) and 11% (p = 0.019) and significantly improved superficial femoral artery FMD (p = 0.049). The increase in endothelial function suggests that this may be a mechanism contributing to this enhancement of anaerobic performance. The present study supports the use of repeated IPC prior to matches and training sessions to enhance anaerobic performance.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of match injury in male beach soccer players. Video recordings of all official beach soccer tournaments in which the European national male beach soccer teams participated from 2018 to 2021 were analysed by two sports medicine specialists retrospectively. Regarding each injury, data including the mechanism, location of the injury, whether the injury led to time-loss, and the relationship of the injury to the bicycle kick (BK), etc. were documented. A total of 632 injuries were documented, corresponding to 234.9 injuries/1000 player hours. Video footage was available for 580 injuries. Whilst 79.8% of medical attention injuries occurred due to opponent contact, 19.5% of time-loss injuries occurred due to non-contact, and 12.2% of indirect opponent contact (p < 0.01). The most common location of the BK related injury was the head/neck (68.7%), whereas most common location of the BK unrelated injury was the lower extremity (54.1%) (p < 0.01). The findings demonstrated that beach soccer injury incidence was quite high; the most common injury location was head/neck and head/neck injuries were associated with BK. In light of these results, some rule regulations, particularly those associated with BK, and the use of protective equipment should be considered to prevent these injuries.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on physical performance, neuromuscular and metabolic responses during CrossFit® exercise. Seventeen Advanced CrossFit®-trained athletes completed the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol consisting of four visits, including two familiarization sessions and two experimental trials separated by a 7-day washout period. Participants supplemented 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM) of SB or placebo 120-min prior to performing the CrossFit® benchmark Fran followed by 500 m of rowing. SB improved time to complete Fran compared to PLA (291.2 ± 71.1 vs. 303.3 ± 77.8 s, p = 0.047), but not 500 m rowing (112.1 s ± 7.9 vs. 113.2 s ± 8.9 s, p = 0.26). No substantial side-effects were reported during the trials. This study showed that SB improved CrossFit® benchmark Fran performance, but not subsequent 500-m rowing. These data suggest that SB might be an interesting supplementation strategy for CrossFit® athletes.

Field hockey is characterized by a unique dribbling position which has been associated with a prevalence of low back pain and lumbar injury. To quantify the biomechanical response of the hockey-specific running gait, twelve field hockey players completed treadmill running at speeds of 6, 9 and 12 km·hr^-1 with a normal running gait and whilst manipulating the hockey stick to replicate dribbling. Mechanical loading was quantified using tri-axial accelerometery at L4, and muscular activity was measured for biceps femoris (BF), gluteus medius (GM) and quadratus lumborum (QL) of each limb. Running with the stick elicited greater mechanical loading in the medio-lateral (p = 0.001) and antero-posterior (p = 0.003) planes, and increased peak (p = 0.004) and mean (p = 0.002) EMG response of QL (p = 0.004). The greater planar mechanical loading and QL activation in response to hockey-specific running technique support epidemiological observations of lower back pain prevalence. The sensitivity of uni-axial mechanical loading to the hockey-specific running posture provides an efficacious means of objectively monitoring mechanical loading in-vivo, whilst the QL activation response has implications for (p)rehabilitative interventions. Running posture and speed can be considered as discrete progressions when considering training load.

This study assessed whether symptoms of muscle damage could be reduced by a combination of therapeutic ultrasound and electrical stimulations, and whether this could be enhanced by blood flow restriction. Before and 48 h after performing eccentric elbow flexion exercises, individuals completed assessments of muscle damage. A 10-min therapeutic ultrasound and electrical stimulation treatment was then applied with and without blood flow restriction to assess short (5 min) and long-term (24 h) improvements. Twenty-three individuals completed the study (11 females). Data were analysed using Bayesian repeated measures ANOVAs. The damaging exercise increased discomfort (BF₁₀ = 2.93e14) and relaxed joint angle (BF₁₀ = 2425.90) while decreasing pain pressure threshold (BF₁₀ = 289.71). Each of these variables was acutely improved with the combination treatment protocol (all BF₁₀ ≥ 74) with no added effect of blood flow restriction. A combination of therapeutic ultrasound and interferential electrical stimulations appeared effective at acutely alleviating symptoms of muscle damage with no additive effect of blood flow restriction.

This study retrospectively compared the effect of holding the 2022 FIFA World Cup™ (WC) mid-season (season 2022/23) on injury rates and patterns in French Ligue 1 soccer clubs. Epidemiological data in 17 clubs were prospectively recorded by their physicians. Time-loss injuries (injuries leading to a player being unable to fully participate in play over the following 72-hour period) were compared with those reported during a regular season (2021-22). In the WC season, an increase of approximately 23% (training + match-play) was observed for both the total number of injuries and knee, ankle and muscle injuries combined. Incidences for match-play injury overall and for the knee, ankle and muscle regions combined and the hamstrings and calf regions specifically also rose significantly (range: p < 0.05-p < 0.01). These results suggest that injury occurrence and patterns in French L1 soccer clubs were substantially affected during the 2022/23 season when a mid-season WC was held.

Acute effects of static stretching (SS) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on local and non-local range of motion (ROM) were assessed in 29 participants. Three evaluations were performed one week apart: week-1 Control session (CS); weeks 2-3 either SS or PNF interventions (randomized). Dominant and non-dominant limbs, local (hamstring extensibility) and non-local ROMs (Shoulder extension-ShE) were collected at baseline (T0), immediately after (T1), and fifteen minutes post-intervention (T2). No differences were found between time-points during the CS. Local-ROM significantly increased (p=0.0002, ES=0.74 and 0.0079, 0.56, for dominant and non-dominant lower limbs, respectively) after both SS and PNF. No interaction between time and treatment was detected for ShE in both limbs. However, post-hoc analysis revealed a significant increase in dominant upper limb ShE between T0 and T1 only after SS (p=0.002; +6.5%). Acute bouts of SS and PNF can increase local-ROM, however, no clear effects were observed for non-local ROM.