Research in Sports Medicine最新文献

This case report details the management of a 23-year-old professional footballer who sustained a rupture of the proximal adductor longus (AL) tendon. Following surgical reattachment of the tendon, the player completed an eleven-phase return to performance (RTP_erf) pathway designed to ensure a rapid and safe return to play (RTP_lay). The pathway uses distinct phases that incorporate clinical, performance, and sport-specific criteria to guide decision-making throughout the process. This case report outlines the phases and criteria used in conjunction with shared decision-making by the interdisciplinary team (IDT) to ensure a successful RTP_lay. The effectiveness of this pathway was demonstrated by the player's return to competitive play 12 weeks post-surgery.

The aims of the study were to build models using logistic regression analysis of flexibility and strength tests to prospectively predict risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament tear (ACL-tear) in female soccer (FS) players, and to determine training cut-off for risk factors of the predictive model built. A prospective cohort study of 95 female players (aged 14-33 years) was conducted. Age, anthropometric data, soccer history, lower limb range of motion (ROM) and hip maximal isometric strength (MIS) were measured. At the prospective follow-up after 12 months, 7.4% of the players had developed an ACL-tear. The model showed a significant relationship (χ²(93) = 30.531, p < 0.001) between the ACL-tear and the predictor variables (leg length, HAD-NH [hip adduction] MIS, asymmetric ROM [ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended (AD-KE) and with knee flexed (AD-KF), and HE (hip extension)], hip ROM [HIR (internal rotation) and HAB (abduction)]). The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) for model fit were 30.24 and 51.79, respectively. The value R² showed good model fit, 76.5% for Nagelkerke´s R², 71.4% for McFadden´s R² and 67.5% for Tjur´s R². For the screening test, cut-off for leg length of ≥0.40 m, for HIR ROM of ≤44º and for asymmetry of HE ROM of ≥5° were set, which have an acceptable (AUC ≥ 0.755) discriminatory ability for the development of ACL-tear.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between athletic performance and periodontal disease (PD). Observational studies published up to April 2022 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar). PECO statement focused on studies with professional athletes (Participants) with PD (Exposition) compared to those with healthy periodontium (Comparison) and its effects on sports performance (outcome). Searches were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (registration protocol: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7ADH6) and risk of bias evaluation according to the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. A total of 793 references were retrieved, of which eight were considered eligible. Two studies did not show an association between clinical PD parameters and performance. A meta-analysis with 396 participants suggested a relationship between PD and self-reported reduction in sports performance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.31; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%) with moderate quality of evidence accordingly GRADE analysis. Despite the differences in performance evaluations between studies, PD was associated with reduced self-reported sports performance. Additional studies assessing confounding factors and objective assessment of PD and performance are needed to clarify the real effect of both conditions.

Strength is a primary and modifiable contributor to performance, injury risk, and rehabilitative success. The gold standard measure of strength is the isokinetic dynamometer, providing the clinician with the opportunity to manipulate contraction modality, range, and speed about a joint. However, criticism has highlighted a lack of functional relevance, with arbitrary selection of speed across the full range. To better understand function, biomechanical analysis of movement can inform a bespoke isokinetic data collection protocol. In this case, we use walking gait, a function goal for daily living and clinically assessed following knee replacement surgery for example. Concentric knee flexor and extensor demand was evident at an average angular velocity of 70°·s^-1, whilst eccentric knee flexor and extensor demands were evident at speeds of 192°·s^-1 and 165°·s^-1, respectively. The efficacy of isokinetic dynamometry can be enhanced with bespoke data collection protocols, which better reflect the functional demands of the clinical movement objective.

This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effect of Dynamic Tape^TM (DT) on hip muscle activation and torque and on lower limb kinematics. Forty-five healthy, recreationally active women were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) submitted to the application of DT in the active form in the gluteus medius (GMed) muscle (BG; n = 15), 2) submitted to the application of DT in the placebo form in the GMed muscle (PG; n = 15), and 3) not submitted to any intervention (CG; n = 15). Participants were evaluated for GMed and gluteus maximus (GMax) muscle activation in a maximal voluntary isometric contraction, simultaneously with the assessment of the hip abductor and extensor torques, as well as during two functional tasks - single leg squat (SLS) and jump landing + maximum vertical jump (VJ) - simultaneously with a 2-D kinematic assessment of the lower limb. After DT application in BG, there was a significant decrease in the hip abductor time to peak torque (P = 0.004), hip extensor torque (P = 0.02), excursion to hip adduction (P = 0.007), and to knee flexion (P = 0.02) during the SLS, as well as in GMed activation during VJ (P < 0.05). DT was able to reduce GMed activation and modify lower limb torque and kinematics.

This narrative review scrutinizes research exploring sex-based differences in experiences of sport-related concussion. The article argues that the limitations of epidemiological studies identifying the greater incidence and severity of concussion among females require that these findings are read with caution. It secondly argues that the dominant explanations for these data are based on and extend historical tendencies to "other" female participation in sport and construct male experiences as the "norm". Finally, the article critiques policy recommendations related to these research findings, arguing that they are likely to embed rather than challenge sex inequality in sport, and that they are both impractical and unethical. While this commentary builds on a broader body of work advocating greater sex/gender equality in sports science research, the prominence of social concerns about concussions in sport makes the broader implications of the focus on sex and sport-related concussion particularly problematic and thus in need of redress.

The aim of this study was to examine associations between patellofemoral pain (PFP) and musculoskeletal features (such as tendon structure and bone properties) in young (pre- and post-pubertal) female dancers. A total of 49 dancers participated in this study (mean age 13.6 ± 2.9; weight 47.0 ± 13.2; height 153.7 ± 12.9 and body mass index (BMI) 19.4 ± 3.1) and were assessed for the following factors: dance background and Tanner stage through interviews; ultrasonography assessments of bone properties and patellar tendon structure through ultrasonographic tissue characterization and quantitative ultrasound, respectively; and anthropometric measurements, muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), hypermobility and PFP through physical examinations. PFP was found in 49% of the participants. Post-pubertal dancers with no-PFP were found to have greater muscle strength, greater radial and tibial properties, and better tendon structure compared to pre-pubertal dancers with PFP and compared to pre-pubertal dancers with no-PFP [F_{(2, 41)} = 18.64, p < .001; F_{(2, 41)} = 20.46, p < .001; F_{(2, 41)} = 33.06, p < .001; and, F_{(2, 41)} = 6.02, p = .007, respectively]. Logistic regression showed that tibial bone properties and range of movement (ROM) in hip external rotation were significantly associated with PFP [odds ratio (OR) = .889 and OR = 2.653, respectively; Cox & Snell R² = .701]. The study revealed a high prevalence of PFP among young dancers, with low bone properties and hyperjoint ROM emerging as the main factors that are related to PFP. These findings should be addressed by medical teams, athletic trainers, and dance teachers regarding the need for implementing modifications to dance training programmes and injury-prevention strategies in young pre-pubertal dancers.

The aim was to present a descriptive 10-season summary of injury data from all teams of a professional football club using a heat map approach. Injuries and exposure time were registered according to the FIFA consensus in all men's and women's teams from Athletic Club over 10 seasons. A team-by-injury table was created, showing the incidence, median severity, and burden in each cell. Cells were coloured based on the injury burden value using a green - yellow-red gradient (lowest to highest). The highest overall injury burden was found in the women's 2^nd and 1^st teams and the men's U(under)17 team (>200 days lost/1000 h). Muscle injury burden demonstrated an increasing pattern with age. Knee joint/ligament injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament ruptures, had the highest impact on women's teams, followed by the men's 2^nd team. In comparison, ankle joint/ligament injuries had a relatively low injury burden in most teams. Growth-related injuries were the most impactful injuries in the men's U15 and younger teams, and the women's U14 team. In conclusion, epidemiological data on injuries can inform and guide injury management processes. New and improved visualization methods might be important assets when presenting injury data to key decision-makers.

Multiple exercises included in strength training involve greater activation of the quadriceps compared to hamstring muscles, which may lead to knee joint imbalances. The aim of this study was to examine the ratio of surface electromyography (sEMG) activity hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups (hamstring-to-quadriceps activation ratio; H:Q EMG), as well as lateral to medial hamstring activation ratio (LH:MH) in parallel squat, Romanian deadlift, hip thrust, lying leg curl and seated knee extension. The H:Q EMG was greater during lying leg curl compared to other exercises during both the concentric and eccentric phase, however the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust also resulted in relatively high H:Q EMG. Pairwise comparisons revealed that LH:MH was greater in the parallel squat compared to the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust in the concentric phase, and compared to the Romanian deadlift and hip thrust during the eccentric phase. Our data suggests that the lying leg curl promotes the greatest hamstring activation and H:Q EMG, amongst the exercises investigated, while also providing relatively homogenous LH:MH. The lying leg curl should be considered as a primary exercise in rehabilitation and training programmes, aiming to proportionally activate LH:MH and increase H:Q EMG, which may improve knee muscle balance.

We aimed to evaluate the influence of supervision, athlete age and sex and programme duration and adherence on exercise-based injury prevention programme effectiveness in sport. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating exercise-based injury prevention programme effectiveness compared to "train-as-normal". A random effects meta-analysis for overall effect and pooled effects by sex and supervision and meta-regression for age, intervention duration and adherence were performed. Programmes were effective overall (risk ratio (RR) 0.71) and equally beneficial for female-only (0.73) and male-only (0.65) cohorts. Supervised programmes were effective (0.67), unlike unsupervised programmes (1.04). No significant association was identified between programme effectiveness and age or intervention duration. The inverse association between injury rate and adherence was significant (β=-0.014, p = 0.004). Supervised programmes reduce injury by 33%, but there is no evidence for the effectiveness of non-supervised programmes. Females and males benefit equally, and age (to early middle age) does not affect programme effectiveness.