Research in Sports Medicine最新文献

To investigate the risk factor for stress fractures and the characteristics of the laboratory data in eumenorrheic female track and field athletes competing at an elite level. Elite eumenorrheic sprinters and jumpers were recruited. Bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, 25-OH Vitamin D, and hormones, including prolactin and free testosterone were measured. Total of 84 high school and collegiate athletes were enrolled in the study and among them, 33 athletes had a history of stress fractures during or after high school. Their personal background, bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, 25-OH Vitamin D, and free testosterone were not different between the group with a history of stress fracture and without a history of stress fracture. Prolactin levels were higher in athletes with stress fractures compared to those without (15.70 ± 10.59 ng/mL vs. 11.59 ± 5.06 ng/mL, p = 0.081), although this difference was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis revealed that prolactin was a significant predictive factor for stress fractures (odds ratio: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.20; p = 0.023). Prolactin may be linked to stress fractures in eumenorrheic sprinters and jumpers, and further research is needed to confirm its role as a predictive factor.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Unilateral Seated Shot-Put Test (USSPT) in patients with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Twenty three patients were included in the study. The participants were assessed using the USSPT for functional power; Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at activity; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) for disability, hand-held dynamometer for shoulder flexion and shoulder abduction muscle strength, and grip strength. Test-retest reliability of the USSPT was found excellent with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_2,1) score of 0.976, a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 12.47, and a minimum detectable change (MDC₉₅) score of 34.54. There was high to excellent correlations between the USSPT and the SPADI (r = -0.756, p = <0.001), shoulder flexion muscle strength (r = 0.834, p = <0.001), and shoulder abduction muscle strength (r = 0.711, p = <0.001). SPADI score and shoulder flexion muscle strength were the most important factors influencing USSPT performance, accounting for 73.3% of the variance. The USSPT is a reliable and valid test for assessing upper extremity functional power.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different physical rehabilitation strategies for young volleyball players after meniscectomy, focusing on tailored protocols that enhance return-to-sport (RTS) outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from January 2010 to January 2025. The quality assessment of the studies was analysed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool. Furthermore, data extraction and synthesis were performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. This review revealed the importance of structured, personalized rehabilitation protocols that address the unique demands of volleyball. High-quality rehabilitation significantly improves physical recovery, mental fitness, and overall athletic performance. Evidence suggests that early RTS is achievable, with approximately 77% of athletes returning to sport within two months of surgery. A phased approach to rehabilitation, addressing both immediate recovery and long-term health, was shown to be essential in preventing reinjury. This systematic review supported an evidence-based, multimodal rehabilitation approach tailored to the specific needs of young volleyball players after meniscectomy. By focusing on the athlete's immediate recovery and long-term health, clinicians can improve functional outcomes and minimize the risk of re-injury.

The purpose of the study was to describe helmet fitting characteristics and influence of prior helmet fitting, issuance and initial season in a sample of youth football athletes. Helmet fit was assessed for 69 athletes aged 8-14 years using a standardized, 9-point inspection. Associated variables for improper fit consisted of previous fitting of helmet for the season, helmet issuance [team/school issued or purchased individually] and year of helmet initial season within 3 years of current season. A series of chi-square tests for association were conducted between the overall helmet fit and the associated variables. In total, 53.6% of youth football athletes had an improperly fit helmet, with 20.3% having ≥ three inspection items not meet fitting criteria. There were no associations between proper fit and previous fitting (p = 0.52), helmet issuance (p = 0.96) and year of initial season (p = 0.23). In conclusion, there were no associations between proper helmet fit and prior fitting, helmet issuance or year of initial season.

Musculoskeletal injuries are common in both general and sporting populations and contribute to significant healthcare costs, lost workdays and compromised performance of daily activity and sport. Despite various rehabilitation models being available to health and rehabilitation practitioners, there are some inconsistencies in structure, terminology and specificity across these. The current narrative review critically evaluates existing rehabilitation models, frameworks and phased approaches, identifying limitations related to structure, content and specificity. Additionally, a novel multicomponent exercise rehabilitation model is proposed which adopts a non-linear, concurrent approach to attribute development and integration of progression guidance. Using a multicomponent approach, a structured yet adaptable progression framework is provided that could help optimize rehabilitation outcomes, minimize detraining and enhance individuals' readiness for return to sport or daily activity.

This study aimed to examine the acute effects of prolonged static stretching (SS) versus dynamic stretching (DS), followed by either tennis-specific activation or rest, on physical performance in collegiate tennis players. A randomized crossover trial was conducted with 31 collegiate tennis players. Each participant completed three interventions: (A) SS + activation, (B) DS + activation, and (C) SS + rest. Lower limb muscles were stretching for 3 minutes per group. The activation were tennis footwork drill for 6 minutes. Physical performance was assessed after stretching and after activation using sit-and-reach flexibility, standing long jump (SLJ), agility T-Test, and hand grip strength. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used. Immediately after stretching, SS significantly improved flexibility (sit-and-reach: p < 0.05) but impaired SLJ performance (p < 0.05) and agility (p < 0.05) compared to DS. Crucially, after sport-specific activation exercises, the initial performance declines observed following SS were mitigated, resulting in no significant differences between SS and DS in subsequent SLJ and T-Test performances. Prolonged SS improves flexibility, it temporarily impair agility and explosive performance, however, these drawbacks can be effectively offset through subsequent sport-specific activation exercise.

Gait retraining programs take a structured approach to altering a runner's gait, often with the goal of decreasing footstrike angle and increasing cadence, as these outcomes have been correlated to a reduced rate of injury and optimal performance. Minimalist footwear, or running barefoot entirely, has been explored as a tool for gait adjustment in runners, largely due to the increased feedback from ground forces experienced by the runner. This systematic review aims to decipher the effect of gait retraining with minimalist footwear or barefoot running on footstrike angle and cadence. The comparison group included runners that underwent gait retraining in traditional footwear. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in footstrike angle, indicating more forefoot striking, in the experimental group, but no significant changes in cadence. This demonstrates promise in utilizing minimalist footwear or barefoot running as an adjunct to gait retraining in runners.

This case report details the conservative management of a complete adductor longus tendon tear in a semi-professional forward footballer. The injury occurred while reaching for the ball with the uninjured limb, with the injured limb in closed kinetic chain. After confirming the injury severity with a magnetic resonance scan, the medical team opted for a conservative approach due to the small tendon retraction. Treatment was based on task progression, ensuring the player could complete exercises with tolerated pain. Rehabilitation consisted of unsupervised gym and on-field exercises progressed separately, including overall strength, mobility, adductor strength, balance, plyometrics, running, kicking and small-sided games. Additionally, pain during the squeeze test and eccentric adduction strength were assessed at different points. The player returned to play 96 days after the injury and has remained active since. The framework supported a safe return to play without surgery or the need for supervised rehabilitation sessions.

This study aimed to investigate the acute local and remote effects of foam rolling (FR) applied to the knee flexors, and its influence on cervical spine range of motion (ROM). Given the anatomical continuity within the superficial back line, outcomes were also assessed at the cervical spine to explore potential myofascial chain-mediated effects. Thirty-seven participants (25.4 ± 4.28 years) completed two conditions: a control condition (CC) and an FR intervention applied exclusively to the right thigh's knee flexors. Outcome measures reported were collected both locally (right-knee flexors) and remotely (cervical spine) and included skin temperature (TsK), tissue hardness (TH), and ROM, assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention. No significant changes in TsK were observed. TH significantly decreased in the biceps femoris (p < 0.001), semitendinosus/semimembranosus complex (p < 0.001) and right cervical region (p = 0.021), but not in the left cervical region (p = 0.279). All ROM measures showed statistically significant improvements following FR (p < 0.001 to p = 0.006), including right hip flexion, cervical flexion and extension, right and left cervical rotation, and right and left cervical inclination . FR acutely increased ROM both locally and remotely, accompanied by reductions in TH without changes in TsK. Notwithstanding the transmission of forces through myofascial chains remains a plausible explanation, the observed improvements in remote ROM, without a concomitant thermal change, may indicate the contribution of alternative mechanisms, such as neurophysiological adaptations, that warrant further investigation.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prior injury patterns in relationship to the subsequent new injuries of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears within the National Basketball Association (NBA). A systematic search was performed of two publicly available online sources to aggregate the injury history of athletes who sustained anterior cruciate ligament tears within the National Basketball Association. To examine previous injury trends by mechanism of injury, each injury was then further sub-classified into three previously identified mechanisms: 1) single leg casting; 2) bilateral pro-hop; 3) single-leg landing after contact. One hundred and twenty-five occurrences of ACL injuries were reviewed between 1981 and 2023. For each ACL injury, the involved player's injury history was recorded including the injury report date, location, type/categorization, most recent game played, and days missed due to injury. Thirty-four ACL injuries were preceded by a time-loss injury (at least 1 game missed) within 90 days, including 14 within 30 days. Previous knee and/or ankle injuries occurred within one-year of 40% of the ACL tears. Understanding the link between previous minor and moderate injury and subsequent major injury will help practitioners better identify and stratify risk when considering return to competition.