Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023023
J. Nassar, C. Rizk, J. Farah, G. Fares
This study aims to establish Lebanese national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for full field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Data were collected from 34% of the total number of health facilities with FFDM and/or DBT units in Lebanon. NDRLs were set as the third quartile of mammography units’ median value of average glandular dose (AGD). NDRLs for different compressed breast thickness (CBT) and age groups were also proposed. Statistical analysis were performed to test the difference of AGD between cranio caudal (CC) and medio lateral oblique (MLO) views, FFDM and DBT, and AGD across health facilities, CBT and age groups. Data from 2803 women with a total of 10462 images were included in the study. For FFDM and DBT, NDRLs for CC and MLO views were equal to 1.85 and 2.24 mGy, and 2.65 and 3.04 mGy, respectively. Lebanese NDRLs were higher than most published DRLs while remaining below the European Commission’s maximum acceptable dose level (2.5 mGy) for FFDM. AGD increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase in CBT for both views and techniques. This first set of mammography DRLs reveals the need for optimizing the radiation exposure in Lebanon and will serve as a national/international benchmark.
{"title":"Establishment of National Diagnostic Reference Levels for Full Field Digital Mammography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in Lebanon","authors":"J. Nassar, C. Rizk, J. Farah, G. Fares","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2023023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023023","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to establish Lebanese national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for full field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Data were collected from 34% of the total number of health facilities with FFDM and/or DBT units in Lebanon. NDRLs were set as the third quartile of mammography units’ median value of average glandular dose (AGD). NDRLs for different compressed breast thickness (CBT) and age groups were also proposed. Statistical analysis were performed to test the difference of AGD between cranio caudal (CC) and medio lateral oblique (MLO) views, FFDM and DBT, and AGD across health facilities, CBT and age groups. Data from 2803 women with a total of 10462 images were included in the study. For FFDM and DBT, NDRLs for CC and MLO views were equal to 1.85 and 2.24 mGy, and 2.65 and 3.04 mGy, respectively. Lebanese NDRLs were higher than most published DRLs while remaining below the European Commission’s maximum acceptable dose level (2.5 mGy) for FFDM. AGD increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase in CBT for both views and techniques. This first set of mammography DRLs reveals the need for optimizing the radiation exposure in Lebanon and will serve as a national/international benchmark.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87192883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023024
T. Kisnanto, D. Tetriana, D. Yusuf, Y. Lusiyanti, HNE. Surniyantoro, IK Hasan Basri
The main impact of gamma radiation on a biological system is the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and free radicals. The study aimed to explore the potential effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrizha Roxb) and garlic (Allium sativum L) against 6 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) in rats by observing malondialdehide (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and comet assay. Twenty male rats were divided into five groups: control, 6 Gy, temulawak extract+6 Gy, garlic extract+6 Gy, and n-acetyl cysteine (NAC)+6 Gy. MDA and GSH were measured on liver and spleen tissue homogenates, while comet assay was on lymphocyte cells. Gamma irradiation at 6 Gy significantly increased the MDA level and comet assay compared to the control group, while the GSH level decreased (p < 0.05). Temulawak extract significantly reduced MDA levels and comet assay compared to the 6 Gy group, while GSH levels in the liver increased. Garlic extract significantly drops comet assay while increasing GSH levels in the liver. NAC decreases MDA levels in the liver and comet assay while increasing GSH levels in the spleen. It could be concluded that temulawak extract has a better radioprotective agent than garlic extract and is almost identical to NAC as a standard antioxidant.
{"title":"The potential effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrizha Roxb) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a radioprotective agent against 6 Gy total body irradiation in rats","authors":"T. Kisnanto, D. Tetriana, D. Yusuf, Y. Lusiyanti, HNE. Surniyantoro, IK Hasan Basri","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2023024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023024","url":null,"abstract":"The main impact of gamma radiation on a biological system is the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and free radicals. The study aimed to explore the potential effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrizha Roxb) and garlic (Allium sativum L) against 6 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) in rats by observing malondialdehide (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and comet assay. Twenty male rats were divided into five groups: control, 6 Gy, temulawak extract+6 Gy, garlic extract+6 Gy, and n-acetyl cysteine (NAC)+6 Gy. MDA and GSH were measured on liver and spleen tissue homogenates, while comet assay was on lymphocyte cells. Gamma irradiation at 6 Gy significantly increased the MDA level and comet assay compared to the control group, while the GSH level decreased (p < 0.05). Temulawak extract significantly reduced MDA levels and comet assay compared to the 6 Gy group, while GSH levels in the liver increased. Garlic extract significantly drops comet assay while increasing GSH levels in the liver. NAC decreases MDA levels in the liver and comet assay while increasing GSH levels in the spleen. It could be concluded that temulawak extract has a better radioprotective agent than garlic extract and is almost identical to NAC as a standard antioxidant.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79455465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023021
R. Ando, Y. Koyama, T. Kobayashi, D. Sasaki, N. Akimoto, T. Schneider, J. L. Y. Kanai
The 24th Fukushima Dialogue, a stakeholder meeting to discuss the future of the recovery phase in FukushimaPrefecture among the younger generation, was held in the town of Naraha in the Futaba district of the Fukushima Prefecture, in November 2022. Following a series of presentations, participants to the meeting aged 18 to 35 discussed the current challenges of the reconstruction activities in the Fukushima Prefecture and what is needed to improve the situation. The Dialogue revealed that the younger generation has difficulty in grasping what is meant by reconstruction and readily distinguishes between the 'large' reconstruction of authorities and the 'small' one of individuals. It also revealed that the Fukushima accident had a strong impact on the sense of belonging of its inhabitants to the region and that they now aspire to build a new identity by regaining control of their lives, even if it is sometimes a painful process. Finally, the Dialogue brought to light that the younger generation is willing and ready to engage in the decision-making process related to the recovery phase in the Fukushima Prefecture.
{"title":"Report on the 24th Fukushima Dialogue “Creating the Future of Fukushima Together With The Next Generation”","authors":"R. Ando, Y. Koyama, T. Kobayashi, D. Sasaki, N. Akimoto, T. Schneider, J. L. Y. Kanai","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2023021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023021","url":null,"abstract":"The 24th Fukushima Dialogue, a stakeholder meeting to discuss the future of the recovery phase in FukushimaPrefecture among the younger generation, was held in the town of Naraha in the Futaba district of the Fukushima Prefecture, in November 2022. Following a series of presentations, participants to the meeting aged 18 to 35 discussed the current challenges of the reconstruction activities in the Fukushima Prefecture and what is needed to improve the situation. The Dialogue revealed that the younger generation has difficulty in grasping what is meant by reconstruction and readily distinguishes between the 'large' reconstruction of authorities and the 'small' one of individuals. It also revealed that the Fukushima accident had a strong impact on the sense of belonging of its inhabitants to the region and that they now aspire to build a new identity by regaining control of their lives, even if it is sometimes a painful process. Finally, the Dialogue brought to light that the younger generation is willing and ready to engage in the decision-making process related to the recovery phase in the Fukushima Prefecture.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77752136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023014
F.F. Alqahtani, M.K. Saeed, Y. Abdallah, K. Alshamrani
The lens of the eye is one of the radiosensitive organs. Patients receiving computed tomography (CT) scanning of the head, as well as patients undergoing repeated CT scanning of the head, are at risk for this consequence. The goal of this study was to see if a lead equivalent might reduce radiation reaching the eye’s lens during regular cranial CT. The goal was accomplished by determining the ideal shielding thickness for patient applications by first evaluating the image quality using phantom measurements taken with and without lead shielding. LiF-thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to quantify the entrance surface doses (ESDs) to the eye lenses of the ATOM phantom without, with one, two, and three layers of lead shielding. The use of customized lead shields up to 0.1 mm thick might be used, according to ACR CT Phantom studies, without having a noticeable impact on the image quality for the central and posterior areas. In these experiments, 0.1 mm thick lead shielding reduces ESDs to the eye’s lens by 31%. Eye shields significantly reduced image quality in the anterior region, but just slightly in the centre and posterior regions. Given the foregoing, using modified lead shields could drastically lower dose to the lens without severely affecting image quality.
{"title":"Would lead shielding the eye lenses during a head CT be beneficial?","authors":"F.F. Alqahtani, M.K. Saeed, Y. Abdallah, K. Alshamrani","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2023014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023014","url":null,"abstract":"The lens of the eye is one of the radiosensitive organs. Patients receiving computed tomography (CT) scanning of the head, as well as patients undergoing repeated CT scanning of the head, are at risk for this consequence. The goal of this study was to see if a lead equivalent might reduce radiation reaching the eye’s lens during regular cranial CT. The goal was accomplished by determining the ideal shielding thickness for patient applications by first evaluating the image quality using phantom measurements taken with and without lead shielding. LiF-thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to quantify the entrance surface doses (ESDs) to the eye lenses of the ATOM phantom without, with one, two, and three layers of lead shielding. The use of customized lead shields up to 0.1 mm thick might be used, according to ACR CT Phantom studies, without having a noticeable impact on the image quality for the central and posterior areas. In these experiments, 0.1 mm thick lead shielding reduces ESDs to the eye’s lens by 31%. Eye shields significantly reduced image quality in the anterior region, but just slightly in the centre and posterior regions. Given the foregoing, using modified lead shields could drastically lower dose to the lens without severely affecting image quality.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023022
Michel Bourguignon
Une relance du développement de l’énergie électrique d’origine nucléaire semble inéluctable pour faire face à la fois à l’exigence de la lutte contre les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et à l’augmentation des besoins en énergie dans les prochaines décennies. Elle semble accueillie favorablement car le changement climatique est déjà perceptible et le prix des énergies fossiles est durablement influencé par la guerre en Ukraine. Cela remet au centre des préoccupations la notion de souveraineté énergétique et le nucléaire se retrouve au premier plan, notamment en France. De plus, les besoins en électricité augmentent avec les automobiles électriques, les climatiseurs, les pompes à chaleur, la fabrication d’hydrogène... Le temps du doute n’est plus de mise. De nouvelles applications nucléaires sont imaginées comme les petits réacteurs modulaires pour produire de l’électricité localement et de nouveaux acteurs apparaissent dans le monde nucléaire. Et pour tout ce nouveau nucléaire, on ne parle que de sûreté ! Qu’en est-il de la radioprotection ? Bien sûr la sûreté nucléaire est fondamentale. Il s’agit de prévenir les accidents ou d’en limiter les effets par des choix appropriés à la conception, lors de la construction et du fonctionnement des réacteurs, lors des arrêts et in fine lors du démantèlement des installations nucléaires. Sans oublier que, chemin faisant, il y aura eu de très nombreux transports de substances radioactives. Mais peut-on raisonnablement tabler sur de futurs réacteurs sans une radioprotection de grande qualité pour protéger les travailleurs dans les installations et le public dans leurs voisinages ? Est-on en mesure de garantir que les futurs réacteurs resteront sans impact extérieur, que ce soit en fonctionnement normal ou en cas d’accidents ? En attendant, il reste à gérer les réacteurs existants jusqu’à leur fin de vie et ensuite leur mise à l’arrêt et leur démantèlement. Cela pose encore et toujours de nombreuses questions de radioprotection d’abord pour les travailleurs mais également pour le public et l’environnement. Est-il besoin de rappeler que la radioprotection dont l’objectif est de protéger le public, les travailleurs et les patients vis-à-vis des risques d’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants est tout aussi fondamentale que la sûreté ? Radioprotection et sûreté nucléaire sont les deux faces d’une même pièce, et négliger la radioprotection, n’est-ce pas condamner par avance le nucléaire ? Le journal Radioprotection contribue régulièrement à montrer par les articles qu’il publie que la radioprotection ne doit pas être négligée (Bertho et al., 2022 ; Kashiwazaki et al., 2022 ; Clement et al., 2022 ; Andresz et al., 2022 ; Silvikko de Villafranca et al., 2022 ; Schneider et al., 2021). Ce numéro de Radioprotection en est un bel exemple. Le post accidentel nucléaire à Fukushima, comme à Tchernobyl antérieurement, reste une plaie ouverte dans le cœur des populations. On l’a vu récemment avec la proposition du gouvern
{"title":"Pas de renouveau du nucléaire sans une radioprotection forte !","authors":"Michel Bourguignon","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2023022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023022","url":null,"abstract":"Une relance du développement de l’énergie électrique d’origine nucléaire semble inéluctable pour faire face à la fois à l’exigence de la lutte contre les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et à l’augmentation des besoins en énergie dans les prochaines décennies. Elle semble accueillie favorablement car le changement climatique est déjà perceptible et le prix des énergies fossiles est durablement influencé par la guerre en Ukraine. Cela remet au centre des préoccupations la notion de souveraineté énergétique et le nucléaire se retrouve au premier plan, notamment en France. De plus, les besoins en électricité augmentent avec les automobiles électriques, les climatiseurs, les pompes à chaleur, la fabrication d’hydrogène... Le temps du doute n’est plus de mise. De nouvelles applications nucléaires sont imaginées comme les petits réacteurs modulaires pour produire de l’électricité localement et de nouveaux acteurs apparaissent dans le monde nucléaire. Et pour tout ce nouveau nucléaire, on ne parle que de sûreté ! Qu’en est-il de la radioprotection ? Bien sûr la sûreté nucléaire est fondamentale. Il s’agit de prévenir les accidents ou d’en limiter les effets par des choix appropriés à la conception, lors de la construction et du fonctionnement des réacteurs, lors des arrêts et in fine lors du démantèlement des installations nucléaires. Sans oublier que, chemin faisant, il y aura eu de très nombreux transports de substances radioactives. Mais peut-on raisonnablement tabler sur de futurs réacteurs sans une radioprotection de grande qualité pour protéger les travailleurs dans les installations et le public dans leurs voisinages ? Est-on en mesure de garantir que les futurs réacteurs resteront sans impact extérieur, que ce soit en fonctionnement normal ou en cas d’accidents ? En attendant, il reste à gérer les réacteurs existants jusqu’à leur fin de vie et ensuite leur mise à l’arrêt et leur démantèlement. Cela pose encore et toujours de nombreuses questions de radioprotection d’abord pour les travailleurs mais également pour le public et l’environnement. Est-il besoin de rappeler que la radioprotection dont l’objectif est de protéger le public, les travailleurs et les patients vis-à-vis des risques d’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants est tout aussi fondamentale que la sûreté ? Radioprotection et sûreté nucléaire sont les deux faces d’une même pièce, et négliger la radioprotection, n’est-ce pas condamner par avance le nucléaire ? Le journal Radioprotection contribue régulièrement à montrer par les articles qu’il publie que la radioprotection ne doit pas être négligée (Bertho et al., 2022 ; Kashiwazaki et al., 2022 ; Clement et al., 2022 ; Andresz et al., 2022 ; Silvikko de Villafranca et al., 2022 ; Schneider et al., 2021). Ce numéro de Radioprotection en est un bel exemple. Le post accidentel nucléaire à Fukushima, comme à Tchernobyl antérieurement, reste une plaie ouverte dans le cœur des populations. On l’a vu récemment avec la proposition du gouvern","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135806329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023020
Y. Sagisaka, T. Tsujiguchi, K. Narumi, I. Shikata, K. Shirakawa, S. Hosokawa, K. Ito, Y. Takahashi
Radiopharmaceuticals with high radioactivity are used in the field of nuclear medicine. Moreover, understanding the exposure dose of radiation workers and the air dose in radioisotope preparation rooms is essential. In particular, evaluating exposure dose assuming an accident to reduce radiation exposure as much as possible and respond to the accident is paramount. Thus, we evaluated a case study where 1.34 GBq 99Mo-99mTc generator used in our hospital fell, and evaluated exposure doses. The results of the considered drop accident of a commercially available generator indicated a possibility of radiation exposure equivalent to several months of normal work exposure, even though the possibility of radiation exposure to the extent that deterministic biological effects appear is low. Therefore, more attention must be paid to managing radiopharmaceuticals with high radioactivity, such as generators, to reduce the anxiety of radiation workers in the hospital and respond rapidly to accidents. Furthermore, the study findings should be used for staff training during normal times to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure.
{"title":"Exposure dose estimation considering a molybdenum generator fall accident","authors":"Y. Sagisaka, T. Tsujiguchi, K. Narumi, I. Shikata, K. Shirakawa, S. Hosokawa, K. Ito, Y. Takahashi","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2023020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023020","url":null,"abstract":"Radiopharmaceuticals with high radioactivity are used in the field of nuclear medicine. Moreover, understanding the exposure dose of radiation workers and the air dose in radioisotope preparation rooms is essential. In particular, evaluating exposure dose assuming an accident to reduce radiation exposure as much as possible and respond to the accident is paramount. Thus, we evaluated a case study where 1.34 GBq 99Mo-99mTc generator used in our hospital fell, and evaluated exposure doses. The results of the considered drop accident of a commercially available generator indicated a possibility of radiation exposure equivalent to several months of normal work exposure, even though the possibility of radiation exposure to the extent that deterministic biological effects appear is low. Therefore, more attention must be paid to managing radiopharmaceuticals with high radioactivity, such as generators, to reduce the anxiety of radiation workers in the hospital and respond rapidly to accidents. Furthermore, the study findings should be used for staff training during normal times to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88368151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023019
A. Bexon, S. Andronopoulos, P. Croüail, M. Montero Prieto, D. Oughton, W. Raskob, C. Turcanu
NERIS as a European Platform on Preparedness for Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Response and Recovery (EPR&R) has developed a roadmap setting out the key research challenges for radiation emergency preparedness, response and recovery. Research projects in this field have been summarised to demonstrate how important areas of development have been identified and addressed. Radiation EPR&R has a continuous need to evolve to meet societal demands, but also to keep pace with scientific and technological developments and opportunities and so the NERIS research priorities as published in the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) are kept under review. Three challenge areas have been identified covering the topics of radiological impact assessment, protective action strategies and establishing a transdisciplinary and inclusive framework for emergency preparedness, response and recovery. The importance of these challenge areas and the underlying key topics for NERIS have been mapped across to the Joint Radiation Protection Roadmap developed by the consortium of European radiation research platforms known as MEENAS. The war in Ukraine triggered a new round of revision of the SRA that resulted in the identification of four topics as new or revised challenges for the NERIS community. These updated challenges are: Optimization of management strategies for the transition and recovery phase; Uncertainty quantification, data assimilation and monitoring strategies; Inverse modelling; and Lessons identified from Ukraine and implications for emergency preparedness. These four areas will form the priority research areas for the NERIS community to help advance radiation emergency preparedness to meet current challenges and needs that have been identified
{"title":"The NERIS roadmap: research challenges in emergency preparedness, response and recovery","authors":"A. Bexon, S. Andronopoulos, P. Croüail, M. Montero Prieto, D. Oughton, W. Raskob, C. Turcanu","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023019","url":null,"abstract":"NERIS as a European Platform on Preparedness for Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Response and Recovery (EPR&R) has developed a roadmap setting out the key research challenges for radiation emergency preparedness, response and recovery. Research projects in this field have been summarised to demonstrate how important areas of development have been identified and addressed. Radiation EPR&R has a continuous need to evolve to meet societal demands, but also to keep pace with scientific and technological developments and opportunities and so the NERIS research priorities as published in the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) are kept under review. Three challenge areas have been identified covering the topics of radiological impact assessment, protective action strategies and establishing a transdisciplinary and inclusive framework for emergency preparedness, response and recovery. The importance of these challenge areas and the underlying key topics for NERIS have been mapped across to the Joint Radiation Protection Roadmap developed by the consortium of European radiation research platforms known as MEENAS. The war in Ukraine triggered a new round of revision of the SRA that resulted in the identification of four topics as new or revised challenges for the NERIS community. These updated challenges are: Optimization of management strategies for the transition and recovery phase; Uncertainty quantification, data assimilation and monitoring strategies; Inverse modelling; and Lessons identified from Ukraine and implications for emergency preparedness. These four areas will form the priority research areas for the NERIS community to help advance radiation emergency preparedness to meet current challenges and needs that have been identified","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86023037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023018
M. Karst, C. Cerna, T. Le Noblet, J. Jouve
Background: Between 2008 and 2017, EDF has progressively replaced its old Personal Contamination Monitors (PCM) with a new generation to strengthen the control of the workers at the exit of the restricted controlled areas. One of the novelties of the new PCM generation is the introduction of gamma channels which, coupled to the beta channel, allows a more reliable and more precise measurement. The new PCM also includes a better monitoring of the C2 portals alarms triggering system, a greater detection surface to minimize the dead zone and carries out morphological compensation to take into account the attenuation of the gamma background by the body. This new PCM is very efficient and capable of detecting low contamination activities. The sensitivity of this monitoring system is such that the solid progeny of 222Rn incorporated in clothes (such as the 218Po and the 214Po) could in some cases be detected and trigger the C2 portals alarm. Objective: In order to quantify the impact of radon (222Rn) and its progeny on the C2 portals triggers, a specific study has been conducted. Beyond the physical aspect, several purposes are targeted: -To provide quantitative explanations about the C2 alarms attributed to radon and determine which channels are more affected by the 222Rn progeny; -To determine the existence of a relation between C2 alarms and high 222Rn volume activity; -To optimize practices at the exit of the Restricted Controlled Areas (RCA). The study consisted in measuring the activity of radon progeny deposited on several types of suits used in EDF Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). To assess the impact of the 222Rn, several factors have been studied such as the 222Rn exposure time, the 222Rn concentration and the nature of textile fibers constituting clothes. For this study, several facilities from the Laboratoire de Physique des deux infinis de Bordeaux (LP2i Bordeaux) have been used, including a 222Rn emanation standard sources and various emanation chambers between 60 liters and 750 liters. A specific calibration method has been developed. The 222Rn concentration in the sample exposure environment are verified both using a commercial [1] and experimental high sensitivity radon detectors. The measurements of the 222Rn progeny on clothes are made immediately after exposure by gamma spectrometry control on a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. This experiment has been carried out at the PRISNA measurement platform (Plateforme Régionale Interdisciplinaire de Spectrométrie Nucléaire en Aquitaine) located in LP2I Bordeaux. Conclusions: In this study several phenomena have been highlighted for a better understanding of the C2 portal triggering. A linearity between the 222Rn volume concentration activity and its progeny activity on clothes has been observed, as well as a saturation of the progeny activities after 2 hours of exposition. We also validate that in presence of 222Rn volume concentration activity lower than 300 Bq/m3, an alarm in be
背景:2008年至2017年间，EDF逐步将旧的个人污染监测仪(PCM)替换为新一代，以加强对限制控制区出口工人的控制。新一代PCM的新颖之处之一是引入了伽马通道，它与β通道耦合，可以进行更可靠和更精确的测量。新的PCM还包括更好地监测C2门户警报触发系统，更大的检测表面以最大限度地减少死区，并进行形态学补偿，以考虑人体对伽马背景的衰减。这种新的PCM是非常有效的，能够检测低污染活动。这种监测系统的灵敏度是这样的，在某些情况下，衣服(如218Po和214Po)中含有的222Rn的固体子体可以被检测到并触发C2门户警报。目的:为了量化氡(222Rn)及其子代对C2门户触发器的影响，进行了具体的研究。在物理方面之外，有几个目标:-提供归因于氡的C2警报的定量解释，并确定哪些通道受222Rn子代的影响更大;-确定C2报警与高222Rn音量活动之间是否存在关系;-优化限制控制区(RCA)出口的操作。本研究测量了法国电力公司核电厂使用的几种防护服上氡子体的活性。为了评估222Rn的影响，研究了几个因素，如222Rn暴露时间、222Rn浓度和构成衣服的纺织纤维的性质。在这项研究中，使用了波尔多双无限物理实验室(LP2i Bordeaux)的几个设备，包括222Rn辐射标准源和60升到750升之间的各种辐射室。开发了一种特殊的校准方法。使用商业[1]和实验高灵敏度氡探测器验证了样品暴露环境中的222Rn浓度。衣服上的222Rn后代在暴露后立即通过高纯度锗(HPGe)探测器的伽马能谱控制进行测量。本实验在位于波尔多LP2I的PRISNA测量平台(Plateforme r交叉学科(Interdisciplinaire de spectrom))上进行。结论:为了更好地理解C2门脉触发，本研究强调了几种现象。222Rn体积浓度活性与其在衣服上的子代活性之间存在线性关系，并且在暴露2小时后子代活性达到饱和。我们还验证了在222Rn体积浓度活性低于300 Bq/m3的情况下，由于衣服上存在氡子代，可以触发C2门户β通道的警报。只有氡的体积浓度活度高于3000 Bq/m3时才会出现伽马通道的触发。研究结果对优化和协调限制控制区(RCA)出口操作具有指导意义。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2023017
M. Takada, T. Schneider
This study reviewed publications on radiation dose estimations for non-human species after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident and discussed the accident’s potential effects on the environment. Articles published from 2011 to December 2022 in online database were manually searched, and 27 eligible articles were identified. The estimated doses were summarized according to reference animals and plants and derived consideration reference levels (DCRLs) from ICRP Publication 108. Most estimated doses were on or below DCRL bands, but several greatly exceeded the DCRLs, mainly immediately after the accident. Half of the articles focused on dose estimation, but 13 also contained assessments of radiation effects. Effects at the subcellular level, such as chromosomal aberrations, morphological abnormalities, and population decline, were observed and the observed effects corresponding to estimated doses were implied in agreement with DCRL. Although a broader integration of knowledge is needed to obtain more robust data on environmental effects and improve environmental protection systems, our review contributes to refining the objectives of the environmental radiological protection approach.
{"title":"Radiation doses to non-human species after the Fukushima accident and comparison with ICRP’s DCRLs: A systematic qualitative review","authors":"M. Takada, T. Schneider","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2023017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023017","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviewed publications on radiation dose estimations for non-human species after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident and discussed the accident’s potential effects on the environment. Articles published from 2011 to December 2022 in online database were manually searched, and 27 eligible articles were identified. The estimated doses were summarized according to reference animals and plants and derived consideration reference levels (DCRLs) from ICRP Publication 108. Most estimated doses were on or below DCRL bands, but several greatly exceeded the DCRLs, mainly immediately after the accident. Half of the articles focused on dose estimation, but 13 also contained assessments of radiation effects. Effects at the subcellular level, such as chromosomal aberrations, morphological abnormalities, and population decline, were observed and the observed effects corresponding to estimated doses were implied in agreement with DCRL. Although a broader integration of knowledge is needed to obtain more robust data on environmental effects and improve environmental protection systems, our review contributes to refining the objectives of the environmental radiological protection approach.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83677251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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