Reproductive biology最新文献

Investigating trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis expression changes in a caloric deficient mouse model of fetal growth restriction 研究滋养细胞侵袭和血管生成表达在胎儿生长受限的热量缺乏小鼠模型中的变化

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2026.101179

James R. Bardill , Caitlin R. Eason , Holly Wood , Courtney Breckenfelder , Lauren T. Gallagher , Madison Crew , Anis Karimpour-Fard , Carmen C. Sucharov , Theresa L. Powell , Clyde J. Wright , S.Christopher Derderian

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a severe pregnancy complication often caused by placental insufficiency. Proper trophoblast invasion is essential for placental development and function, ensuring adequate nutrient and oxygen supply to the developing fetus. Dysregulation impairs placental perfusion, leading to FGR. This study uses a calorie-restricted mouse model to investigate genes/molecular mechanisms regulating trophoblast invasion across gestational timepoints. Pregnant mice received either a standard or 50 % calorie-restricted diet from E8.5. Placentas and invasion sites were analyzed at E10.5, E12.5, E14.5, E16.5, and E17.5. mRNA sequencing and RT/qPCR examined trophoblast invasion-related genes (Mmp2, Mmp9, Efna1, Rac1, Rras, Ascl2, Tfap2c, Prl7b1) and angiogenesis genes (Vegfa, Vegfb, Pdgf, Akt3). Immunohistochemistry of trophoblast cells (cytokeratin 8, CK8) and endothelial cell markers (endomucin, CD31, CCD105, VEGFR2) was performed. Statistical analysis used Student’s t-test. Caloric restriction significantly reduced fetal/placental weights from E12.5, with persistent growth restriction at E16.5, and E17.5. IHC at E17.5 showed reduced decidual depth, trophoblast invasion distance, and trophoblast quantity within the decidua. This impaired growth was accompanied by reduced expression of trophoblast invasion genes (Mmp2, Mmp9, Efna1, Rac1, Rras, Ascl2, Tfap2c, Prl7b1) in FGR placentas, with a reduction in CK8 trophoblast staining. Angiogenesis reduction in FGR was demonstrated with reduced Vegfa, Vegfb, and Akt3 and supported by reduced CD31, CD105, and VEGF2 endothelial cell markers A caloric-restriction mouse model replicates key FGR pathophysiology, including reduced fetal/placental growth, downregulation of trophoblast invasion genes, impaired trophoblast invasion into the decidua, and reduced placenta angiogenesis. These findings offer molecular insights into placental insufficiency that merits further exploration regarding FGR pathogenesis.

胎儿生长受限（FGR）是一种严重的妊娠并发症，通常由胎盘功能不全引起。适当的滋养细胞侵袭对胎盘的发育和功能至关重要，确保发育中的胎儿有足够的营养和氧气供应。失调损害胎盘灌注，导致FGR。本研究使用限制热量的小鼠模型来研究在妊娠时间点调节滋养细胞侵袭的基因/分子机制。怀孕的小鼠从E8.5中获得标准或50% %卡路里限制饮食。在E10.5、E12.5、E14.5、E16.5和E17.5时分析胎盘和侵犯部位。mRNA测序和RT/qPCR检测滋养细胞侵袭相关基因（Mmp2、Mmp9、Efna1、Rac1、Rras、Ascl2、Tfap2c、Prl7b1）和血管生成基因（Vegfa、Vegfb、Pdgf、Akt3）。对滋养细胞（细胞角蛋白8，CK8）和内皮细胞标志物（内啡肽，CD31, CCD105, VEGFR2）进行免疫组化。统计分析采用学生t检验。从E12.5开始，热量限制显著降低了胎儿/胎盘重量，在E16.5和E17.5持续限制生长。E17.5时的免疫组化显示蜕膜深度、滋养细胞侵袭距离和蜕膜内滋养细胞数量减少。这种生长受损伴随着滋养层侵袭基因（Mmp2、Mmp9、Efna1、Rac1、Rras、Ascl2、Tfap2c、Prl7b1）在FGR胎盘中的表达减少，CK8滋养层染色减少。通过vegf、Vegfb和Akt3的减少，以及CD31、CD105和VEGF2内皮细胞标记物的减少，可以证明FGR中血管生成的减少。热量限制小鼠模型复制了FGR的关键病理生理，包括胎儿/胎盘生长减少，滋养细胞侵袭基因下调，滋养细胞侵袭蜕膜受损，胎盘血管生成减少。这些发现为胎盘功能不全提供了分子视角，值得进一步探索FGR的发病机制。

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引用次数: 0

Hexavalent chromium inhibits testosterone synthesis in bovine testicular leydig cells through mitochondrial damage via BNIP3 六价铬通过线粒体损伤BNIP3抑制牛睾丸间质细胞的睾酮合成

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2026.101181

Hongxia Li , Jia Liu , Liwei Huang , Yu Cheng , Guoqing Zhao , Xiaolong Pan , Lijuan Huang , Pengkang Song , Le Zhao , Xuanqi Yu , Juan Xiong , Qing Tian , Xi Wang , Xiaoyu Li , Ruigao Song

This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) exposure on testosterone synthesis in bovine testicular Leydig cells. First, bovine Leydig cells were isolated and purified, cultured after purity identification, and the effect of different dose gradients of Cr(Ⅵ) on cell viability after 12 h of exposure was detected using the CCK-8 method. Cell proliferation was assessed using a cell proliferation assay kit. Testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Cell autophagy was examined by the monodansylcadaverine (MDC) method. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined using the JC-1 probe. Ultrastructural changes in mitochondria were observed via transmission electron microscopy. The expression of key genes involved in testosterone synthesis, cell autophagy, mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy was detected by qRT-PCR. Differentially expressed genes were screened through RNA-seq. Our results demonstrate that Cr(Ⅵ) treatment significantly suppressed testosterone synthesis. Concurrently, Cr(Ⅵ) enhanced intracellular MDC levels and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by ultrastructural damage, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Cr(Ⅵ) activates BNIP3 recruitment and high expression within cells. Subsequent BNIP3 silencing using siRNA interference significantly attenuated Cr(Ⅵ)-induced abnormalities in the expression of mitochondrial genes and intracellular ROS accumulation. Moreover, BNIP3 expression knockdown markedly upregulated the mRNA expression of key steroidogenic genes and the level of testosterone in cell supernatant. These findings suggest that Cr(Ⅵ) inhibits testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells through BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial damage. This study identifies BNIP3 as a potential therapeutic target and provides a theoretical foundation for addressing Cr(Ⅵ)-associated male reproductive dysfunction.

本研究探讨了六价铬（Cr（Ⅵ））暴露对牛睾丸间质细胞睾酮合成抑制作用的分子机制。首先，分离纯化牛间质细胞，进行纯度鉴定后进行培养，采用CCK-8法检测不同剂量梯度Cr（Ⅵ）暴露12 h后对细胞活力的影响。使用细胞增殖测定试剂盒评估细胞增殖。采用ELISA法检测睾酮水平。采用DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平。用MDC法检测细胞自噬。采用JC-1探针测定线粒体膜电位的变化。透射电镜观察线粒体超微结构变化。qRT-PCR检测睾酮合成、细胞自噬、线粒体融合、线粒体分裂、线粒体自噬等关键基因的表达。通过RNA-seq筛选差异表达基因。我们的研究结果表明，Cr（Ⅵ）治疗显著抑制睾酮合成。同时，Cr（Ⅵ）增加细胞内MDC水平并诱导线粒体功能障碍，其特征是超微结构损伤、线粒体膜电位降低和线粒体动力学破坏。RNA测序分析显示，Cr（Ⅵ）激活BNIP3在细胞内的募集和高表达。随后使用siRNA干扰对BNIP3进行沉默，显著减弱了Cr（Ⅵ）诱导的线粒体基因表达异常和细胞内ROS积累。BNIP3表达下调可显著上调细胞上清中激素生成关键基因mRNA表达和睾酮水平。这些发现表明，Cr（Ⅵ）通过bnip3介导的线粒体损伤抑制间质细胞的睾酮合成。本研究确定了BNIP3作为一个潜在的治疗靶点，为解决Cr（Ⅵ）相关男性生殖功能障碍提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

L-carnitine or melatonin supplementation during vitrification and warming mitigates oxidative stress and improves cryotolerance in immature bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes 在玻璃化和升温过程中补充左旋肉碱或褪黑素可以减轻氧化应激，提高未成熟牛卵母细胞复合物的低温耐受性

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2026.101180

Vivian A.P. Alfradique, Thais de A. Oliveira, Thamiris E.C. Silva, Gicele S. Apolinario, Ribrio Ivan T.P. Batista, Joanna M.G. Souza-Fabjan

Vitrification of immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) is a valuable tool in assisted reproductive technologies, but it often induces oxidative stress, reduces viability, and compromises developmental potential. This study investigated the effects of supplementing vitrification and warming solutions with non-enzymatic antioxidants — glutathione (GSH, 5 mM), L-carnitine (LC, 3.03 mM), or melatonin (MLT, 10⁻⁶ mM) — on nuclear maturation, oxidative stress, early apoptosis, cryosurvival, and gene expression. COCs were vitrified and warmed in the presence or absence (negative control) of antioxidants; non-vitrified COCs served as fresh controls. Vitrification significantly reduced (P < 0.05) viability, survival, and nuclear maturation rates compared to fresh COCs. However, MLT increased viability, and LC enhanced nuclear maturation (P < 0.05 vs negative control). Gap junction activity and early apoptosis were not significantly affected by antioxidant treatment. Intracellular GSH and ROS levels were restored in antioxidant-treated groups, comparable to fresh controls (P > 0.05), whereas the negative control had increased ROS and decreased GSH (P < 0.05). In cumulus cells, expression of mitochondrial genes ATP6 and ATP8—key for oxidative phosphorylation—was downregulated in the negative control. Moreover, LC and MLT supplementation counteracted this effect, upregulating SOD2 (mitochondrial superoxide dismutase) and SOD1 (cytosolic isoform), respectively. In oocytes, both LC and MLT upregulated SOD1 (P < 0.05). In summary, these findings suggest that LC and MLT supplementation improve cryotolerance and mitigate oxidative stress in vitrified immature bovine COCs by modulating antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial gene expression.

未成熟卵丘-卵母细胞复合物（COCs）的玻璃化是辅助生殖技术的一种有价值的工具，但它经常诱导氧化应激，降低生存能力，并损害发育潜力。本研究探讨了在玻璃化和加热溶液中添加非酶抗氧化剂——谷胱甘肽（GSH, 5 mM）、左肉碱（LC, 3.03 mM）或褪黑素（MLT, 10⁻6 mM）——对核成熟、氧化应激、早期凋亡、低温存活和基因表达的影响。在抗氧化剂存在或不存在（阴性对照）的情况下，将COCs玻璃化并加热；未玻璃化的coc作为新鲜对照。与新鲜COCs相比，玻璃化显著降低（P <； 0.05）活力、存活率和核成熟率。然而，MLT增加了活力，LC增强了核成熟（P <； 0.05与阴性对照）。抗氧化处理对间隙连接活性和早期细胞凋亡无显著影响。抗氧化剂处理组细胞内GSH和ROS水平恢复，与新鲜对照组相当（P >； 0.05），而阴性对照组ROS升高，GSH降低（P <； 0.05）。在积云细胞中，线粒体基因ATP6和atp8 -氧化磷酸化关键-的表达在阴性对照中下调。此外，LC和MLT的补充抵消了这种影响，分别上调了SOD2（线粒体超氧化物歧化酶）和SOD1（细胞质异构体）。在卵母细胞中，LC和MLT均上调SOD1 （P <； 0.05）。综上所述，这些结果表明，添加LC和MLT通过调节抗氧化防御和线粒体基因表达，提高玻璃化未成熟牛COCs的低温耐受性，减轻氧化应激。

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引用次数: 0

Decreased autophagic activity in spermatozoa from infertile men adversely affects early embryonic development 不育男性精子自噬活性降低对早期胚胎发育有不利影响

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101177

Mehmet Alper Arslan , Aysın Pınar Türkmen , Ramazan Aşcı

Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is a complex reproductive health problem characterized by impaired sperm parameters. Autophagy serves critical functions in diverse stages of male reproduction and has been shown to be functionally active in mature ejaculate spermatozoa from healthy men. The present study aims to investigate the level of autophagic activity in spermatozoa from OAT patients and its association with embryo development following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). 42 OAT men with healthy spouses and 21 age-matched fertile controls were included in the study. Following semen analysis, semen samples were processed for sperm protein isolation and protein concentrations were measured by BCA assay. Autophagic activity levels in spermatozoa, i.e. LC3 conversion, p62 and Beclin-1 protein levels, were measured by Western blotting. In vitro fertilization was performed by routine ICSI. Fertilization and embryo development rates were calculated accordingly. Spermatozoal autophagic activity was significantly decreased in OAT patients compared to fertile controls, as demonstrated by concurrently decreased LC3-II and increased p62 protein levels. Beclin-1 levels did not significantly change between the two groups. Evaluation of p62 correlation and LC3-II regression analyses with ICSI success rates revealed that low spermatozoal autophagic activity is significantly associated with a decline in day 3 embryo development. Our findings reveal an adverse late paternal effect on early embryonic development, which suggests an involvement of sperm DNA damage as a consequence of decreased sperm autophagy. Understanding the interplay between sperm autophagy and embryo quality will help develop novel therapeutic strategies to increase sperm autophagic activity in OAT patients in the future.

少弱无畸形精子症（OAT）是一种复杂的生殖健康问题，其特征是精子参数受损。自噬在男性生殖的不同阶段起着关键作用，并已被证明在健康男性的成熟射精精子中功能活跃。本研究旨在探讨OAT患者卵浆内单精子注射（ICSI）后精子自噬活性水平及其与胚胎发育的关系。42名配偶健康的OAT男性和21名年龄匹配的生育对照组被纳入研究。精液分析后，对精液样品进行精子蛋白分离处理，并用BCA法测定蛋白质浓度。Western blotting检测精子自噬活性水平，即LC3转化、p62和Beclin-1蛋白水平。体外受精采用常规ICSI。据此计算受精率和胚胎发育率。与有生育能力的对照组相比，OAT患者的精子自噬活性显著降低，同时LC3-II降低，p62蛋白水平升高。Beclin-1水平在两组间无明显变化。p62相关性和LC3-II回归分析与ICSI成功率的评估显示，精子自噬活性低与第3天胚胎发育下降显著相关。我们的研究结果揭示了父亲对早期胚胎发育的不利影响，这表明精子自噬减少导致精子DNA损伤。了解精子自噬与胚胎质量之间的相互作用将有助于开发新的治疗策略，以提高OAT患者的精子自噬活性。

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引用次数: 0

Endometrial immune profile: A predictor of pregnancy success 子宫内膜免疫特征：妊娠成功的预测因子

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101174

Sina Baharaghdam , Shima Karimi , Mohammad Esfini Farahani , Leili Aghebati-Maleki , Mehdi Yousefi

The likelihood of a successful pregnancy is influenced by a set of variables that influence endometrial receptivity, including hormonal, genetic, metabolic, age, lifestyle, and immunological factors. Among these, the endometrial immune profile has received particular attention as a critical actor of implantation and embryo tolerance. Dynamic fluctuations in immune cell populations—such as macrophages, dendritic cells, uterine natural killer cells, and regulatory T cells—across the menstrual cycle might significantly affect the endometrium's capacity to support successful implantation. Recent evidence highlights that disruptions in the quantity, phenotype, or function of these immune cells contribute to impaired endometrial receptivity in infertility-related disorders, including recurrent implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of immune cell composition and function in the healthy endometrium compared to pathological conditions, emphasizing how immune dysregulation may impair pregnancy. Furthermore, we evaluate both current and emerging diagnostic modalities—from immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry to high-resolution single-cell transcriptomics—and endometrial microbiome impact on immune profiling that enables more precise characterization of immune profile dysregulation, alongside established and investigational therapies, with particular attention to their efficacy and mechanistic rationale. By integrating these insights, a clinically oriented framework can be provided to guide the development of personalized diagnostic algorithms and targeted immune-based therapies that, ultimately, could lead to improved implantation rates and live birth outcomes in individuals facing infertility disorders with immunological causes.

成功怀孕的可能性受到一系列影响子宫内膜容受性的变量的影响，包括激素、遗传、代谢、年龄、生活方式和免疫因素。其中，子宫内膜免疫谱作为植入和胚胎耐受的关键因素受到了特别的关注。免疫细胞群（如巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、子宫自然杀伤细胞和调节性T细胞）在月经周期中的动态波动可能会显著影响子宫内膜支持成功植入的能力。最近的证据强调，这些免疫细胞的数量、表型或功能的破坏有助于不孕相关疾病的子宫内膜容受性受损，包括反复植入失败、反复妊娠丢失、子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢综合征。这篇综述提供了健康子宫内膜中免疫细胞组成和功能的综合评估，并与病理状况进行了比较，强调了免疫失调如何损害妊娠。此外，我们评估了当前和新兴的诊断模式-从免疫组织化学和流式细胞术到高分辨率单细胞转录组学-子宫内膜微生物组对免疫谱的影响，能够更精确地表征免疫谱失调，以及已建立和正在研究的治疗方法，特别关注其疗效和机制原理。通过整合这些见解，可以提供一个临床导向的框架来指导个性化诊断算法和靶向免疫治疗的发展，最终可以提高因免疫原因导致的不孕症患者的着床率和活产结果。

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引用次数: 0

Exosomal ncRNAs in seminal fluid: Unraveling their regulatory roles in male infertility 精液外泌体ncRNAs：揭示其在男性不育中的调节作用

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101175

Marwah Suliman Maashi

By transmitting bioactive substances, including proteins, lipids, and a varied spectrum of non-coding RNAs, seminal exosomes—including epididymosomes and prostasomes—are shown to be crucial in sperm maturation, motility, and protection. The paper emphasizes how miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs within these exosomes affect gene expression during spermatogenesis and are starting to be interesting non-invasive biomarkers for several infertility abnormalities, including azoospermia and asthenozoospermia. It also addresses the therapeutic possibilities of exosome-based approaches in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular damage in the male reproductive system. The paper identifies essential information gaps and suggests future research paths to clarify the molecular processes behind male infertility by combining knowledge from proteomic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic investigations. These results help to close the knowledge gap on seminal exosomes and open the door for creative therapeutic and diagnostic tools in reproductive medicine.

通过传递生物活性物质，包括蛋白质、脂质和各种非编码rna，精子外泌体（包括附睾和前列腺体）在精子成熟、运动和保护中起着至关重要的作用。本文强调了这些外泌体中的miRNAs、lncRNAs和circRNAs如何影响精子发生过程中的基因表达，并开始成为几种不孕症异常（包括无精子症和弱精子症）的有趣的非侵入性生物标志物。它还解决了基于外泌体的治疗方法在减少炎症、氧化应激和男性生殖系统细胞损伤方面的可能性。本文确定了必要的信息缺口，并提出了未来的研究路径，以阐明男性不育背后的分子过程，通过结合蛋白质组学，脂质组学和转录组学研究的知识。这些结果有助于缩小对精液外泌体的知识差距，并为生殖医学的创造性治疗和诊断工具打开大门。

引用次数: 0

The secretome from human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate oxidative damage in bovine sperm 人羊膜间充质干细胞分泌组可减轻牛精子的氧化损伤

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101178

Negin Amirjannati , Mohammadmehdi Barfar , Mostafa Pournourali , Niloofar Khalili , Parviz Tajik , Razie Shams , Alireza Jahandideh , Leila Balaei Goli , Seyed Jafar Hashemian , Ablofazl Shirazi , Hannaneh Golshahi

Bovine spermatozoa are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS), which can impair motility, viability, membrane integrity, and DNA integrity. Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AM-MSCs) secrete paracrine factors with antioxidant properties, making their secretome (AM-MSC-Sec) a potential tool for protecting sperm function. This study evaluated the protective effects of AM-MSC-Sec on bovine sperm under OS. Frozen Holstein bull semen was thawed, purified using a two-layer density gradient, and divided into four groups: control (no treatment), H₂O₂ (10 μM), H₂O₂ + 20 % AM-MSC-Sec, and H₂O₂ + 20 % DMEM/F12. After 2 h at 38.5°C and 5 % CO₂, sperm quality parameters—including motility, progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome reaction, DNA fragmentation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)—were assessed. AM-MSC-Sec significantly improved the percentage of total and progressive motility, enhanced viability and membrane integrity, and decreased DNA fragmentation compared with control and DMEM groups. The percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm increased, and TAC levels were elevated, indicating improved antioxidant defense. DMEM/F12 alone did not show a protective effect. MDA levels increased non-significantly under stress in the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that AM-MSC-Sec could mitigate oxidative damage and preserve multiple functional parameters in bovine sperm. AM-MSC-Sec may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for maintaining sperm quality, with potential applications in bovine reproductive technologies.

牛精子非常容易受到氧化应激（OS）的影响，氧化应激会损害精子的运动性、活力、膜完整性和DNA完整性。人羊膜间充质干细胞（AM-MSCs）分泌具有抗氧化特性的旁分泌因子，使其分泌组（AM-MSCs - sec）成为保护精子功能的潜在工具。本研究评价了AM-MSC-Sec对OS下牛精子的保护作用。冷冻荷斯坦公牛精液解冻，采用双层密度梯度纯化，分为4组：对照组（未处理）、H₂O₂（10 μM）、H₂O₂+ 20 % AM-MSC-Sec和H₂O₂+ 20 % DMEM/F12。在38.5°C和5 % CO₂条件下2 h后，评估精子质量参数，包括运动性、渐进式运动性、活力、质膜完整性、顶体反应、DNA断裂、丙二醛（MDA）和总抗氧化能力（TAC）。与对照组和DMEM组相比，AM-MSC-Sec显著提高了总运动性和进行运动性的百分比，提高了细胞活力和膜完整性，减少了DNA断裂。顶体反应精子的百分比增加，TAC水平升高，表明抗氧化防御能力增强。单独的DMEM/F12没有显示出保护作用。应激条件下，对照组丙二醛水平无明显升高；然而，差异无统计学意义。这些结果表明，AM-MSC-Sec可以减轻牛精子的氧化损伤，并保持多种功能参数。AM-MSC-Sec可能是一种很有前景的精子质量维持剂，在牛生殖技术中具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

ProAKAP4 as a potential biomarker of fertility and sperm freezability in males of different species - A review ProAKAP4作为不同物种雄性生殖能力和精子冷冻性的潜在生物标志物的研究进展

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101176

Paulina Surmacz, Monika Petrajtis-Gołobów, Paula Kiełbik, Katarzyna Siewruk, Ewa Kautz-Wasilewska, Sławomir Giziński

In recent years, special attention has been paid to proAKAP4, the precursor of A-kinase anchoring protein 4 (AKAP4), which plays a crucial role in the structure and function of the sperm flagellum. This testis-specific protein forms the fibrous sheath and local signal transduction required for proper sperm capacitation and motility. Highly conserved across species, proAKAP4 levels are strongly correlated with fertility and sperm survivability post-thaw. This review summarizes the biological roles of proAKAP4 and its potential as a semen quality biomarker in various mammalian species, including humans, horses, bulls, boars, dogs, rodents and other species. We discuss structural and molecular aspects of proAKAP4 (e.g., prodomain, PKA interactions, phosphorylation sites), as well as its involvement in key signaling pathways controlling sperm movement, such as the cAMP-PKA cascade and calcium signaling. The review also outlines various methods for measuring proAKAP4, such as ELISA, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Particular attention is given to commercial assays, which allow rapid and species-specific quantification of proAKAP4, independent of seminal plasma or cryoprotectant presence. Although the data are promising, researchers highlight the need for further validation in larger populations under varying environmental conditions. Nonetheless, current findings suggest that proAKAP4 may emerge as a standard marker in andrological diagnostics and a valuable tool for selecting breeding males and optimizing semen cryopreservation procedures.

近年来，a激酶锚定蛋白4 （AKAP4）的前体proAKAP4在精子鞭毛的结构和功能中起着至关重要的作用。这种睾丸特异性蛋白形成纤维鞘和局部信号转导，这是精子获得和运动所需的。proAKAP4在物种间高度保守，其水平与受精能力和解冻后精子存活率密切相关。本文综述了proAKAP4在人类、马、牛、猪、狗、啮齿动物等哺乳动物中的生物学作用及其作为精液质量生物标志物的潜力。我们讨论了proAKAP4的结构和分子方面（如原结构域、PKA相互作用、磷酸化位点），以及它参与控制精子运动的关键信号通路，如cAMP-PKA级联和钙信号传导。本文还概述了检测proAKAP4的各种方法，如ELISA、Western blotting和免疫细胞化学。特别注意的是商业分析，它允许快速和物种特异性定量proAKAP4，独立于精浆或冷冻保护剂的存在。虽然这些数据很有希望，但研究人员强调，需要在不同环境条件下的更大人群中进一步验证。尽管如此，目前的研究结果表明，proAKAP4可能会成为男科诊断的标准标记，以及选择繁殖雄性和优化精液冷冻保存程序的有价值的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Reproductive biology characterization of violinha Loricariichthys anus 喉喉小提琴的生殖生物学特征

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101171

Douglas C. Selle , Raquel S. dos Santos , Thaiza R. de Freitas , Jhony L. Benato , Thales de S. França , Renata V. Dantas , Marco A. Rotta , Marcelle F.O. Barbosa , Vanessa Coimbra , Diógenes H. Siqueira-Silva , Danilo P. Streit Jr.

This study aimed to characterize the reproductive biology of Loricariichthys anus (violinha) from the Guaíba River (Brazil) to support conservation efforts and development of captive reproduction protocols. Monthly collections (November 2021-October 2022) of 144 specimens were analyzed for sexual dimorphism, gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal histology, and sperm parameters (motility, concentration, morphology). Sexual dimorphism was evidenced by elongated lower lip in males, predominantly during the reproductive period (November-March). GSI values peaked during November-March for both sexes (P < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed females reached maturity from November to February with evidence of multiple spawning, while males produced sperm year-round, albeit in low volumes. Sperm motility parameters differed significantly between individuals (P < 0.05) with mean concentration of 6.88 × 106 ± 8.18 × 105 spermatozoa/mL. L. anus reproductive period occurs from November to February, with males presenting low seminal volume and viable sperm concentration compared to other Loricariidae species, which has implications for both conservation and captive reproduction efforts.

本研究旨在研究巴西Guaíba河Loricariichthys anus （violinha）的生殖生物学特征，以支持圈养繁殖方案的制定和保护工作。对每月采集的144例标本（2021年11月至2022年10月）进行两性二态性、性腺指数（GSI）、性腺组织学和精子参数（活力、浓度、形态）的分析。雌雄二态性表现为雄性下唇拉长，主要发生在生殖期（11 - 3月）。GSI值在11月至3月期间达到峰值（P <； 0.05）。组织学分析显示，雌性从11月到2月达到成熟，有证据表明多次产卵，而雄性全年产生精子，尽管数量较少。精子活力指标个体间差异显著（P <； 0.05），平均浓度为6.88 × 106 ± 8.18 × 105个精子/mL。在11月至次年2月的生殖期，与其他蠓科物种相比，雄性蠓的精液量和存活精子浓度较低，这对保护和圈养繁殖具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Biochemical profile of fetal fluids in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) during pregnancy and immediate postpartum 羊驼（Vicugna pacos）孕期和产后胎儿体液的生化特征

IF 2.5 3区生物学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Reproductive biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101172

Joel Iván Pacheco , Hugo Wenceslao Deza , Víctor Manuel Vélez-Marroquín , Wilber García , Francisco Franco , Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia , Daniel Marcelo Lombardo

Pregnancy involves characteristics unique to each species, such as the development of fetal membranes and related fluids. In this descriptive exploratory study, a unique third fetal fluid located under the epidermal membrane, in addition to the allantoic and amniotic membranes, were described in alpacas (Vicugna pacos). The aim was to characterize the biochemical composition of fetal fluids as alpaca gestation progressed. Twenty-seven pregnant alpacas were examined; 21 of them were slaughtered at various pregnancy stages to both collect allantoic and amniotic fluids, and six were monitored until parturition to obtain postpartum allantoic fluid. In the last third of pregnancy, an additional fluid was observed between the fetal skin and the epidermal membrane, herein termed as ‘epidermal fluid’. Biochemical analyses were performed via spectrophotometry to measure glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, hemoglobin, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and creatinine. High variability was observed in all metabolites. Allantoic fluid showed increasing levels of uric acid, creatinine, and calcium throughout pregnancy, suggesting fetal renal function, while postpartum fluid showed reduced levels of several metabolites. The amniotic fluid displayed increased triglycerides and cholesterol, and decreased glucose levels at the end of pregnancy. Epidermal fluid exhibited the highest levels of glucose, calcium, and creatinine, and lowest uric acid compared to amniotic fluid, indicating a distinct biochemical composition. This study provides the first comprehensive insight into the biochemical characterization of fetal fluids in alpacas, updating current knowledge of fetal developmental physiology in South American camelids.

怀孕涉及每个物种特有的特征，如胎膜和相关液体的发育。在这项描述性探索性研究中，在羊驼（Vicugna pacos）中，除了尿囊膜和羊膜外，还发现了位于表皮膜下的独特的第三种胎液。目的是表征羊驼妊娠进展时胎液的生化组成。对27头怀孕的羊驼进行了检查；其中21例在妊娠各阶段屠宰，采集尿囊液和羊水，6例监测至分娩，采集产后尿囊液。在妊娠的最后三分之一，在胎儿皮肤和表皮膜之间观察到一种额外的液体，这里称为“表皮液”。通过分光光度法进行生化分析，测量葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白、钙、磷、尿酸和肌酐。在所有代谢物中观察到高变异性。尿囊液显示尿酸、肌酐和钙水平在妊娠期间升高，提示胎儿肾功能，而产后液体显示几种代谢物水平降低。妊娠末期羊水显示甘油三酯和胆固醇升高，葡萄糖水平降低。与羊水相比，表皮液的葡萄糖、钙和肌酐含量最高，尿酸含量最低，这表明表皮液的生化成分不同。这项研究首次全面深入了解了羊驼胎儿体液的生化特征，更新了目前对南美骆驼类胎儿发育生理学的了解。

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引用次数: 0