Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-997
M. R., K. Shadung, M. Y. Maila
Increasing urbanisation and the rise in global food prices, which results in severe hunger and micronutrient deficiencies, necessitates the identification of innovative, but affordable vegetable growing-based strategies, that can increase access to food by utilising the limited space available in rural and urban areas. Therefore, sack gardening technology could be a solution to both the lack of arable land and water scarcity in urban and rural areas. The objective of the study was to determine whether axillary bud number will have an effect on the agronomic parameters of sweet potato cv. 'Blesbok' produced using the sack gardening technology. The number of axillary buds per stem cutting, namely, 1 (control), 2, 3, 4, and 5 buds, were arranged in RCBD, with 10 replicates. The number of axillary buds had significant effects on vine length (VL), fresh shoot mass (FSM), number of shoots (NOS) and dry shoot mass (DSM). However, no significant effects were observed on fresh tuberous root mass (FTRM), chlorophyll content (CC), stem diameter (ST), tuberous root diameter (TRL), tuberous root length (TRL), dry tuberous root mass (DTRM) and number of tuberous roots (NTR). Relative to the control VL, FSM and DRM was reduced by 8-37, 30-55 and 26-55%, in stem cuttings having 2, 3, 4 and 5 buds, respectively, whereas the NS was increased by 8-17%. The quadratic relationship models were explained by 95, 92, 96 and 98% in VL, NOS, FSM and DSM, respectively. In conclusion, stem cuttings containing 1 and 2 axillary buds showed better growth parameters when grown under sack gardening technology.
{"title":"Effect of axillary bud number on stem cuttings of sweet potato cv. 'Blesbok' productivity using sack gardening technology ","authors":"M. R., K. Shadung, M. Y. Maila","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-997","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing urbanisation and the rise in global food prices, which results in severe hunger and micronutrient deficiencies, necessitates the identification of innovative, but affordable vegetable growing-based strategies, that can increase access to food by utilising the limited space available in rural and urban areas. Therefore, sack gardening technology could be a solution to both the lack of arable land and water scarcity in urban and rural areas. The objective of the study was to determine whether axillary bud number will have an effect on the agronomic parameters of sweet potato cv. 'Blesbok' produced using the sack gardening technology. The number of axillary buds per stem cutting, namely, 1 (control), 2, 3, 4, and 5 buds, were arranged in RCBD, with 10 replicates. The number of axillary buds had significant effects on vine length (VL), fresh shoot mass (FSM), number of shoots (NOS) and dry shoot mass (DSM). However, no significant effects were observed on fresh tuberous root mass (FTRM), chlorophyll content (CC), stem diameter (ST), tuberous root diameter (TRL), tuberous root length (TRL), dry tuberous root mass (DTRM) and number of tuberous roots (NTR). Relative to the control VL, FSM and DRM was reduced by 8-37, 30-55 and 26-55%, in stem cuttings having 2, 3, 4 and 5 buds, respectively, whereas the NS was increased by 8-17%. The quadratic relationship models were explained by 95, 92, 96 and 98% in VL, NOS, FSM and DSM, respectively. In conclusion, stem cuttings containing 1 and 2 axillary buds showed better growth parameters when grown under sack gardening technology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"59 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1015
Tseke Pontsho, Mulaudzi Clement, Maila Yvonne, Mphosi Maboko
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) vegetables are an important constituent of the diet of rural communities worldwide. It is a suitable substitute for several indigenous leafy vegetables, as it has more or less the same texture after cooking. Consequently, growers tend to grow spinach in any soil type or mixture available to them without modifying it, leading to reduced growth performance and yields. The use of animal manure is common in South Africa and helps to improve soil fertility when used in the correct ratio mixture. Therefore, the study’s objective was to investigate which of the growing media mixture (GMM) ratios of sand, Hutton soil, and goat manure would improve the growth and yield of S. oleracea under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 10 replicates (n=60). Six treatments comprised of different types of GMM namely, sand, Hutton soil, and goat manure at T1 (1:3:0 -control), T2 (1:2:1), T3 (1:1:1), T4 (1:1:2), T5 (2:1:2) and T6 (2:3:2), respectively. Growing media mixture had significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on plant height (PH), number of leaves (NL), chlorophyll content (CC) and root length (RL) of S. oleracea, contributing 78, 62, 76 and 54% of the total treatment variation (TTV) in the respective variables. Relative to the control (T1), treatment T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 increased PH by 22.75 cm, 24.03 cm, 27.92 cm, 22.84 cm and 24.35 cm, respectively. Similarly, the NL in all the treatments T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 was increased by 10.90, 11.70, 11.90, 11.70 and 11.60, respectively, compared to T1. A related trend was observed in the CC, treatments T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, increased the CC by 14.99, 15.08, 26.45, 21.38 and 15.83, respectively when compared to T1. The GMM treatment T4 obtained the highest 27.92, 11.9, 26.45 and 42.38 in PH, NL, CC and RL. In conclusion, GMM T4 had a positive effect on the growth and yield of S. oleraceae, and it is recommended for use to grow the vegetable crop.
{"title":"Responses of different growing media ratios growth performance of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under greenhouse conditions ","authors":"Tseke Pontsho, Mulaudzi Clement, Maila Yvonne, Mphosi Maboko","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1015","url":null,"abstract":"Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) vegetables are an important constituent of the diet of rural communities worldwide. It is a suitable substitute for several indigenous leafy vegetables, as it has more or less the same texture after cooking. Consequently, growers tend to grow spinach in any soil type or mixture available to them without modifying it, leading to reduced growth performance and yields. The use of animal manure is common in South Africa and helps to improve soil fertility when used in the correct ratio mixture. Therefore, the study’s objective was to investigate which of the growing media mixture (GMM) ratios of sand, Hutton soil, and goat manure would improve the growth and yield of S. oleracea under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 10 replicates (n=60). Six treatments comprised of different types of GMM namely, sand, Hutton soil, and goat manure at T1 (1:3:0 -control), T2 (1:2:1), T3 (1:1:1), T4 (1:1:2), T5 (2:1:2) and T6 (2:3:2), respectively. Growing media mixture had significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on plant height (PH), number of leaves (NL), chlorophyll content (CC) and root length (RL) of S. oleracea, contributing 78, 62, 76 and 54% of the total treatment variation (TTV) in the respective variables. Relative to the control (T1), treatment T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 increased PH by 22.75 cm, 24.03 cm, 27.92 cm, 22.84 cm and 24.35 cm, respectively. Similarly, the NL in all the treatments T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 was increased by 10.90, 11.70, 11.90, 11.70 and 11.60, respectively, compared to T1. A related trend was observed in the CC, treatments T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, increased the CC by 14.99, 15.08, 26.45, 21.38 and 15.83, respectively when compared to T1. The GMM treatment T4 obtained the highest 27.92, 11.9, 26.45 and 42.38 in PH, NL, CC and RL. In conclusion, GMM T4 had a positive effect on the growth and yield of S. oleraceae, and it is recommended for use to grow the vegetable crop.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1049
T. Tran, D. K. Tran, D. H. Tran
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important and commercial vegetable crop. Organic farming is increasingly popular in Vietnam. Vermicompost, an organic fertilizer processed from red earthworm and cow manure, has a positive effect on plant growth, yield and quality of plant, and improved the soil fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vermicompost named BioGrow01 on the growth, yield, quality of lettuce plants and soil property under organic cultivation. A field experiment was conducted in the spring season from January to May 2022 at an organic farm at Huong An commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam (N16047’2660”; E107052’6904”) with five application levels (e.g. 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 tons per one hectare) of the vermicompost of BioGrow01. Growth parameters, yield components, yield of lettuce and soil property were investigated. The results showed that the vermicompost produced from cow manure and red worm had a positive effect on the growth and yield of lettuce. Application at the level of 12 and 15 t/ha was optimal levels produced highest yield of 20.3 and 22.7 t/ha, respectively. The soils decomposed with the vermicompost were increased organic matter and improved soil physical, chemical and biological properties. As results, farmers are recommended to use the vermicompost as an organic fertilizer for organic lettuce production.
{"title":"Effect of vermicompost application on growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under organic cultivation","authors":"T. Tran, D. K. Tran, D. H. Tran","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1049","url":null,"abstract":"Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important and commercial vegetable crop. Organic farming is increasingly popular in Vietnam. Vermicompost, an organic fertilizer processed from red earthworm and cow manure, has a positive effect on plant growth, yield and quality of plant, and improved the soil fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vermicompost named BioGrow01 on the growth, yield, quality of lettuce plants and soil property under organic cultivation. A field experiment was conducted in the spring season from January to May 2022 at an organic farm at Huong An commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam (N16047’2660”; E107052’6904”) with five application levels (e.g. 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 tons per one hectare) of the vermicompost of BioGrow01. Growth parameters, yield components, yield of lettuce and soil property were investigated. The results showed that the vermicompost produced from cow manure and red worm had a positive effect on the growth and yield of lettuce. Application at the level of 12 and 15 t/ha was optimal levels produced highest yield of 20.3 and 22.7 t/ha, respectively. The soils decomposed with the vermicompost were increased organic matter and improved soil physical, chemical and biological properties. As results, farmers are recommended to use the vermicompost as an organic fertilizer for organic lettuce production.","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1055
S. Maitra, Masina Sairam, D. T. Santosh
Cultivation of crops under protected conditions can enhance the yield and quality of agricultural produce. Gerbera is one of the high-value cut flowers which can be commercially cultivated under greenhouse conditions in tropical and subtropical regions. The choice of commercially viable cultivars is essential for obtaining its marketability. Moreover, cultivars of gerbera should be highly productive. Considering the above facts, the present study was conducted in 2020-2022 in the Protected Cultivation Unit of the Centurion University of Technology and Management where 10 cultivars were chosen as treatments. They were Intense, White house, Stanza, Dune, Dana-ellen, Artist, Sunway, Silvester, Pre-intenzz and Ankur. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The data collected on the growth parameters, quality, yield, and vase life revealed that among all the cultivars of gerbera, Dana-ellen showed its superiority over others in terms of plant height and number of leaves (49.3 cm and 31.0 at 120 days after sowing respectively), days to first flowering (84.3), flower stalk length (64.8 cm), flower stalk girth (67.2 cm), ray floret length (8.7 mm) and suckers per plant (3.4); however, it remained on par with Dune, Intense, and Silvester in expression of most of the crop parameters. Similarly, the same variety Dana-ellen registered the highest yields (27.3, 33.7 and 34.7 flowers per plant during first, second and third years of the study respectively) among all the cultivars. Moreover, the variety Dune recorded the maximum vase life of 8.4 days and 9.2 days with citric acid and sucrose solutions, respectively. The study concluded that the cultivation of Dana-ellen, Dune, Silvester, and Artist under open-ventilated saw-tooth polyhouse conditions can be commercially viable for achieving higher flower quality and yield.
{"title":"Evaluation of the growth, flower quality, yield and vase life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) cultivars under open ventilated saw-tooth type polyhouse","authors":"S. Maitra, Masina Sairam, D. T. Santosh","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1055","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of crops under protected conditions can enhance the yield and quality of agricultural produce. Gerbera is one of the high-value cut flowers which can be commercially cultivated under greenhouse conditions in tropical and subtropical regions. The choice of commercially viable cultivars is essential for obtaining its marketability. Moreover, cultivars of gerbera should be highly productive. Considering the above facts, the present study was conducted in 2020-2022 in the Protected Cultivation Unit of the Centurion University of Technology and Management where 10 cultivars were chosen as treatments. They were Intense, White house, Stanza, Dune, Dana-ellen, Artist, Sunway, Silvester, Pre-intenzz and Ankur. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The data collected on the growth parameters, quality, yield, and vase life revealed that among all the cultivars of gerbera, Dana-ellen showed its superiority over others in terms of plant height and number of leaves (49.3 cm and 31.0 at 120 days after sowing respectively), days to first flowering (84.3), flower stalk length (64.8 cm), flower stalk girth (67.2 cm), ray floret length (8.7 mm) and suckers per plant (3.4); however, it remained on par with Dune, Intense, and Silvester in expression of most of the crop parameters. Similarly, the same variety Dana-ellen registered the highest yields (27.3, 33.7 and 34.7 flowers per plant during first, second and third years of the study respectively) among all the cultivars. Moreover, the variety Dune recorded the maximum vase life of 8.4 days and 9.2 days with citric acid and sucrose solutions, respectively. The study concluded that the cultivation of Dana-ellen, Dune, Silvester, and Artist under open-ventilated saw-tooth polyhouse conditions can be commercially viable for achieving higher flower quality and yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"77 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1042
S. Rosniawaty, Farhan Putra Prasasta, M. Ariyanti, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, M. A. Soleh, Syariful Mubarok, Rija Sudirja
Sappan wood plants are one of the medicinal plants in Indonesia. Considering the potential of Sappan wood plants in the health and industrial sectors, special cultivation techniques are required to ensure that Sappan wood plants can grow with a large stem diameter. A large stem diameter can be achieved by using the appropriate planting distance. The right planting distance requires land with sufficient organic content. This research aims to determine the optimum planting distance and the appropriate type of organic material to produce Sappan wood plants with a large diameter. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design, with planting distance (J) as the main plot and organic fertilizer (P) as the sub-plot. The planting distance factor levels were J1 = 1m x 1m, J2 = 2mx2m cm, J3 = 3m x3m. The organic fertilizer factor levels were P1 = Cow Manure Fertilizer, P2 = Chicken Manure Fertilizer, and P3 = Sheep Manure Fertilizer. The results showed an interaction between the planting distance treatment and the use of manure fertilizer on the parameters of stem diameter and soil pH of Sappan wood plants at 3 MAP (months after planting). The planting distance treatment independently influenced the results, with a 1m x 1m planting distance providing the best results for plant height and stem diameter. In general, the application of different types of manure did not significantly affect the growth of Sappan wood plants.
萨班木是印度尼西亚的药用植物之一。考虑到萨班木植物在保健和工业领域的潜力，需要采用特殊的栽培技术，以确保萨班木植物能够以较大的茎径生长。通过适当的种植距离可以获得较大的茎径。适当的种植距离要求土地具有足够的有机物含量。本研究旨在确定最佳种植距离和适当的有机材料类型，以培育出大茎直径的萨班木植物。采用的实验设计是分割小区设计，以种植距离（J）为主小区，有机肥（P）为副小区。种植距离因子水平为 J1 = 1m x 1m，J2 = 2m x 2m cm，J3 = 3m x 3m。有机肥因素水平为 P1 = 牛粪肥料、P2 = 鸡粪肥料和 P3 = 羊粪肥料。结果表明，在 3 MAP（种植后数月）时，种植距离处理和使用粪肥对萨班木植株的茎径和土壤酸碱度参数有交互作用。种植距离处理对结果有独立影响，1 米 x 1 米的种植距离对植株高度和茎秆直径的影响最佳。总的来说，施用不同类型的肥料对萨班木植物的生长没有显著影响。
{"title":"Effect of crop pattern and types of manure on the growth of Sappan wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) in Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia","authors":"S. Rosniawaty, Farhan Putra Prasasta, M. Ariyanti, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, M. A. Soleh, Syariful Mubarok, Rija Sudirja","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1042","url":null,"abstract":" Sappan wood plants are one of the medicinal plants in Indonesia. Considering the potential of Sappan wood plants in the health and industrial sectors, special cultivation techniques are required to ensure that Sappan wood plants can grow with a large stem diameter. A large stem diameter can be achieved by using the appropriate planting distance. The right planting distance requires land with sufficient organic content. This research aims to determine the optimum planting distance and the appropriate type of organic material to produce Sappan wood plants with a large diameter. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design, with planting distance (J) as the main plot and organic fertilizer (P) as the sub-plot. The planting distance factor levels were J1 = 1m x 1m, J2 = 2mx2m cm, J3 = 3m x3m. The organic fertilizer factor levels were P1 = Cow Manure Fertilizer, P2 = Chicken Manure Fertilizer, and P3 = Sheep Manure Fertilizer. The results showed an interaction between the planting distance treatment and the use of manure fertilizer on the parameters of stem diameter and soil pH of Sappan wood plants at 3 MAP (months after planting). The planting distance treatment independently influenced the results, with a 1m x 1m planting distance providing the best results for plant height and stem diameter. In general, the application of different types of manure did not significantly affect the growth of Sappan wood plants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1053
N. Q. T. Thai, T. Tran, D. H. Tran
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), a perennial fruit and oil crop, holds significant economic importance globally. Its inherent high salt tolerance has led to natural adaptation in coastal environmental areas. Nevertheless, the substantial and prolonged intrusion of salinity poses a severe threat to the growth and productivity of coconut in various regions of Vietnam. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of saline water on the growth and biomass of coconut seedlings named Dua Ta variety under green house condition. The experiment was carried out from July 2022 to July 2023 in a greenhouse condition at Research Institute for Oil and Oil Plants, Vietnam with five increasing levels of water salinity, or EC of 0.89, 6.25, 12.0, 18.25 and 24.5 dS/m. Various growth parameters and biomass of the coconut seedlings were investigated. The results showed that the salinity of irrigated water had a negative effect on the growth and biomass of coconut seeldings. Increasing salinity of irrigated water delined the plant height, collar girth, leaf number and biomass of the coconut seedlings. The seedling of Dua Ta coconut was classified as tolerant when irrigated with saline water of 6.25 dS/m, moderately sensitive with saline water of 12.0 dS/m up to 18.25 dS/m and sensitive with saline water of 24.5 dS/m. As result, it is showing evidence of ecological adaptation of the seedlings of Dua Ta to the maritime environment in which are commonly grown in Vietnam.
椰子（Cocos nucifera L.）是一种多年生水果和油料作物，在全球具有重要的经济意义。其固有的高耐盐性使其自然适应沿海环境地区。然而，盐度的长期大量入侵对越南各地区椰子的生长和产量构成了严重威胁。因此，本研究旨在确定盐水对温室条件下名为 Dua Ta 品种的椰子幼苗的生长和生物量的影响。实验于 2022 年 7 月至 2023 年 7 月在越南石油和油料植物研究所的温室条件下进行，水盐度或 EC 值分别为 0.89、6.25、12.0、18.25 和 24.5 dS/m。对椰子苗的各种生长参数和生物量进行了调查。结果表明，灌溉水的盐度对椰苗的生长和生物量有负面影响。灌溉水盐度的增加会降低椰苗的株高、颈围、叶片数和生物量。当用 6.25 dS/m 的盐水灌溉时，Dua Ta 椰子苗被归类为耐盐性，用 12.0 dS/m 至 18.25 dS/m 的盐水灌溉时被归类为中度敏感性，用 24.5 dS/m 的盐水灌溉时被归类为敏感性。因此，这表明 Dua Ta 的幼苗对越南通常种植的海洋环境具有生态适应性。
{"title":"Impact of saline water irrigation on the growth and development of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) seedlings ","authors":"N. Q. T. Thai, T. Tran, D. H. Tran","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1053","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), a perennial fruit and oil crop, holds significant economic importance globally. Its inherent high salt tolerance has led to natural adaptation in coastal environmental areas. Nevertheless, the substantial and prolonged intrusion of salinity poses a severe threat to the growth and productivity of coconut in various regions of Vietnam. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of saline water on the growth and biomass of coconut seedlings named Dua Ta variety under green house condition. The experiment was carried out from July 2022 to July 2023 in a greenhouse condition at Research Institute for Oil and Oil Plants, Vietnam with five increasing levels of water salinity, or EC of 0.89, 6.25, 12.0, 18.25 and 24.5 dS/m. Various growth parameters and biomass of the coconut seedlings were investigated. The results showed that the salinity of irrigated water had a negative effect on the growth and biomass of coconut seeldings. Increasing salinity of irrigated water delined the plant height, collar girth, leaf number and biomass of the coconut seedlings. The seedling of Dua Ta coconut was classified as tolerant when irrigated with saline water of 6.25 dS/m, moderately sensitive with saline water of 12.0 dS/m up to 18.25 dS/m and sensitive with saline water of 24.5 dS/m. As result, it is showing evidence of ecological adaptation of the seedlings of Dua Ta to the maritime environment in which are commonly grown in Vietnam.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-998
N. Mathebula, K. Pofu, P. Mashela
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are the most important group of plant nematodes in potato-producing regions of South Africa. Prior to the withdrawal of synthetic chemical fumigant nematicides from the agrochemical markets, Meloidogyne species were viewed as a minor pest in potato-producing regions. Currently, it has been established that all potato cultivars are host to Meloidogyne species, with the preferred management option of the genus being the use of resistant crops. However, the host status of most crops used in potato-based crop rotations intended to manage nematode population densities of the genus had not been established. Globally, M. incognita is viewed as being more aggressive than M. javanica, whereas in South Africa the opposite is true. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine whether the reproduction potential (RP) values of M. javanica on 16 crops used in potato crop rotation systems would be below unity. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the University of Limpopo during autumn (February-April) 2022 and validated in spring (September-November) of the same year in South Africa. Treatments (16 crops) were laid out in a randomized complete block design, with six replications. The crops were inoculated with 250 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2). At 56 days after inoculation, nematodes variables were collected and expressed as RP, which demonstrated that there were similarities and differences in RP of the 16 crops to infection by M. javanica, but with the values being below one in white maluti oats, tillage radish, forage sorghum, and jap radish. In conclusion, the four crops with RP values below one could be used in a potato-crop rotation system intended to manage the population densities of M. javanica.
根结线虫（Meloidogyne 种）是南非马铃薯产区最重要的植物线虫。在合成化学熏蒸杀线虫剂退出农用化学品市场之前，马铃薯根结线虫被视为马铃薯产区的次要害虫。目前，已确定所有马铃薯栽培品种都是黑僵菌的寄主，对黑僵菌的首选管理办法是使用抗性作物。然而，马铃薯轮作中用于管理线虫种群密度的大多数作物的寄主地位尚未确定。在全球范围内，M. incognita 被认为比 M. javanica更具攻击性，而南非的情况恰恰相反。因此，本研究的目的是确定马铃薯轮作系统中使用的 16 种作物上的 M. javanica 的繁殖潜力 (RP) 值是否低于统一值。实验于 2022 年秋季（2 月至 4 月）在南非林波波大学的温室条件下进行，并于同年春季（9 月至 11 月）进行验证。处理（16 种作物）采用随机完全区组设计，6 次重复。作物接种 250 粒卵+第二阶段幼虫（J2）。接种后 56 天，收集线虫变量并用 RP 表示，结果表明，16 种作物感染爪哇线虫的 RP 有相似之处，也有差异，但白马鲁蒂燕麦、耕作萝卜、饲用高粱和日本萝卜的 RP 值低于 1。总之，RP 值低于 1 的四种作物可用于马铃薯-作物轮作系统，以管理马铃薯的种群密度。
{"title":"Host-status of sixteen crops used in potato-based crop rotation systems against Meloidogyne javanica in South Africa","authors":"N. Mathebula, K. Pofu, P. Mashela","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-998","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are the most important group of plant nematodes in potato-producing regions of South Africa. Prior to the withdrawal of synthetic chemical fumigant nematicides from the agrochemical markets, Meloidogyne species were viewed as a minor pest in potato-producing regions. Currently, it has been established that all potato cultivars are host to Meloidogyne species, with the preferred management option of the genus being the use of resistant crops. However, the host status of most crops used in potato-based crop rotations intended to manage nematode population densities of the genus had not been established. Globally, M. incognita is viewed as being more aggressive than M. javanica, whereas in South Africa the opposite is true. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine whether the reproduction potential (RP) values of M. javanica on 16 crops used in potato crop rotation systems would be below unity. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the University of Limpopo during autumn (February-April) 2022 and validated in spring (September-November) of the same year in South Africa. Treatments (16 crops) were laid out in a randomized complete block design, with six replications. The crops were inoculated with 250 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2). At 56 days after inoculation, nematodes variables were collected and expressed as RP, which demonstrated that there were similarities and differences in RP of the 16 crops to infection by M. javanica, but with the values being below one in white maluti oats, tillage radish, forage sorghum, and jap radish. In conclusion, the four crops with RP values below one could be used in a potato-crop rotation system intended to manage the population densities of M. javanica.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"87 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1048
S. T., S. Maitra, K. N. Tiwari
The use of plastic mulch, water-soluble fertilizers, and drip irrigation has grown in popularity recently for banana (Musa acuminata L.) farming. A field experiment was carried out at Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, to examine the impact of different fertigation intervals and plastic mulch on the response of the Grand Naine cultivar of banana. A randomized complete block design with four fertigation intervals both with and without plastic mulch was used in the study. Biometric characteristics including plant height, pseudo stem girth, leaf area, number of suckers, and crop duration were measured. The outcomes demonstrated the superiority of two-day fertigation interval and black plastic mulchtreatment by displaying higher plants height, a greater stem girth, more leaf area, the greatest number of suckers, and a shorter crop duration. For both the main crop and the ratoon crop, the maximum banana production was achieved with a fertigation interval of two days alongwith black plastic mulch (T1), yielding 66.3 t/ha and 52.2 t/ha, respectively. The yield obtained under the T1 treatment was statistically similar to the fertigation intervals of bi-weekly and weekly treatments for both main and ratoon crops. Fertigation intervals of bi-weekly and weekly treatments showed statistically similar values for pulp: peel ratio, TSS, and reducing sugar of banana fruit when compared to the fruit quality parameters of the T1 treatment. Consequently, using fertilizer interval advised at weekly for the banana. The results highlight the significance of systematic fertigation scheduling and mulching procedures, providing insightful information for effective banana growing practices.
最近，塑料地膜、水溶性肥料和滴灌在香蕉（Musa acuminata L. Musa）种植中越来越受欢迎。在印度西孟加拉邦的哈拉格布尔进行了一项田间试验，以研究不同的施肥间隔和塑料地膜对 Grand Naine 香蕉栽培品种反应的影响。研究采用了随机完全区组设计，有四个施肥间隔期，有塑料地膜和无塑料地膜。研究测量了植株高度、假茎周长、叶面积、吸盘数量和作物生长期等生物特征。结果表明，施肥间隔两天和黑色塑料地膜覆盖处理的作物具有更高的株高、更大的茎围、更多的叶面积、最多的吸盘数量和更短的作物生长期。对于主栽作物和轮作作物，施肥间隔两天并采用黑色塑料地膜（T1）处理的香蕉产量最高，分别为 66.3 吨/公顷和 52.2 吨/公顷。据统计，T1 处理的产量与主栽作物和轮作作物的双周施肥间隔和每周施肥间隔相似。与 T1 处理的果实质量参数相比，双周施肥间隔和每周施肥间隔在香蕉果实的果肉：果皮比、总悬浮固体和还原糖方面显示出相似的统计值。因此，建议香蕉每周施肥一次。这些结果凸显了系统施肥时间安排和覆盖程序的重要性，为有效的香蕉种植实践提供了有价值的信息。
{"title":"Enhancing banana production through effective fertigation frequency management and plastic mulch: Impacts on crop growth and yield","authors":"S. T., S. Maitra, K. N. Tiwari","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1048","url":null,"abstract":"The use of plastic mulch, water-soluble fertilizers, and drip irrigation has grown in popularity recently for banana (Musa acuminata L.) farming. A field experiment was carried out at Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, to examine the impact of different fertigation intervals and plastic mulch on the response of the Grand Naine cultivar of banana. A randomized complete block design with four fertigation intervals both with and without plastic mulch was used in the study. Biometric characteristics including plant height, pseudo stem girth, leaf area, number of suckers, and crop duration were measured. The outcomes demonstrated the superiority of two-day fertigation interval and black plastic mulchtreatment by displaying higher plants height, a greater stem girth, more leaf area, the greatest number of suckers, and a shorter crop duration. For both the main crop and the ratoon crop, the maximum banana production was achieved with a fertigation interval of two days alongwith black plastic mulch (T1), yielding 66.3 t/ha and 52.2 t/ha, respectively. The yield obtained under the T1 treatment was statistically similar to the fertigation intervals of bi-weekly and weekly treatments for both main and ratoon crops. Fertigation intervals of bi-weekly and weekly treatments showed statistically similar values for pulp: peel ratio, TSS, and reducing sugar of banana fruit when compared to the fruit quality parameters of the T1 treatment. Consequently, using fertilizer interval advised at weekly for the banana. The results highlight the significance of systematic fertigation scheduling and mulching procedures, providing insightful information for effective banana growing practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1044
R. Chintey, R. K. Goswami, B. Bharali, R. Das, R. K. Thakuria, R. P. Paswan, P. K. Debchoudhury
Rapeseed is a short duration, self-pollinated and long day crop. It is an important and widely used oil seed crops among the people of Assam and North-East India. However, there is still lack of sufficient rapeseed genotypes for the local farmers. Only a few improved genotypes are recommended in the region. To increase the production and productivity, more numbers of improved genotypes have to be identified. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, during rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23 to study the genotypic variations of phenological and growth parameters in rapeseed genotypes. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising of 22 different genotypes of rapeseed including TS-38 (Check), TS-46, TS-67, TS-36, TS-29, TS-75-1, TS-75-1TL, TS-75-2ME, TS-75-2-MM, TS-76-1, TS-76-2, JT-90-1, Panchali, Bhawani, CG Toria-4, TKM-20-1, TKM-20-2, JT-14-5, PT-2018-09, CG Toria-3, Tapeshwari and PT-303. The crops were grown following the recommended package of practice. All the phenological and growth parameters were taken following the standard methodologies. The result of the experiment indicated significant difference in reaching phenological and growth parameters among the genotypes. The genotype JT-14-5 and TKM-20-2 took the longest duration for 50% flowering and siliqua initiation. However, JT-14-5 and JT-90-1 took the longest duration for physiological maturity. On the other hand, TS-67 and TS-75-1TL took the shortest duration for physiological maturity. The genotype TS-75-2ME showed highest dry weight followed by the genotype TS-38 at harvest. There was gradual increase in Absolute Growth Rate and Crop Growth Rate with the advancement of growth. However, in case of Relative Growth Rate, a decline was noticed in the values from 30-60 DAS to 60 DAS-harvest. The genotype TS-75-2ME and TS-38 were recorded highest yield and highest Crop Growth Rate during 30-60 DAS indicating that the parameter at that particular stage of growth, has positive impact on seed yield.
{"title":"Genotypic variations of phenological and growth parameters in rapeseed (Brassica rapa, var. Toria)","authors":"R. Chintey, R. K. Goswami, B. Bharali, R. Das, R. K. Thakuria, R. P. Paswan, P. K. Debchoudhury","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1044","url":null,"abstract":"Rapeseed is a short duration, self-pollinated and long day crop. It is an important and widely used oil seed crops among the people of Assam and North-East India. However, there is still lack of sufficient rapeseed genotypes for the local farmers. Only a few improved genotypes are recommended in the region. To increase the production and productivity, more numbers of improved genotypes have to be identified. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, during rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23 to study the genotypic variations of phenological and growth parameters in rapeseed genotypes. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising of 22 different genotypes of rapeseed including TS-38 (Check), TS-46, TS-67, TS-36, TS-29, TS-75-1, TS-75-1TL, TS-75-2ME, TS-75-2-MM, TS-76-1, TS-76-2, JT-90-1, Panchali, Bhawani, CG Toria-4, TKM-20-1, TKM-20-2, JT-14-5, PT-2018-09, CG Toria-3, Tapeshwari and PT-303. The crops were grown following the recommended package of practice. All the phenological and growth parameters were taken following the standard methodologies. The result of the experiment indicated significant difference in reaching phenological and growth parameters among the genotypes. The genotype JT-14-5 and TKM-20-2 took the longest duration for 50% flowering and siliqua initiation. However, JT-14-5 and JT-90-1 took the longest duration for physiological maturity. On the other hand, TS-67 and TS-75-1TL took the shortest duration for physiological maturity. The genotype TS-75-2ME showed highest dry weight followed by the genotype TS-38 at harvest. There was gradual increase in Absolute Growth Rate and Crop Growth Rate with the advancement of growth. However, in case of Relative Growth Rate, a decline was noticed in the values from 30-60 DAS to 60 DAS-harvest. The genotype TS-75-2ME and TS-38 were recorded highest yield and highest Crop Growth Rate during 30-60 DAS indicating that the parameter at that particular stage of growth, has positive impact on seed yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1056
Mohammed Bustan Hanoon, Mohammed Saeed Haran, AHMED. S. K., D. Al-Taey, A. Jasim, Marwa Fadhil ALSAFFAR4
In this study, 10 isolates of Aspergillus fungus were isolated from the soil of the rhizosphere and roots of rice, sorghum and barley plants that were cultivated in the areas of Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. The types of isolates were identified by studying their biochemical, morphological, and microscopic characteristics. The results showed that all isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus. The study also estimated the quantity of growth hormones produced by the studied isolates. The study found that 5 isolates, labeled as P1, P2, P5, P7 and P9, had a high efficiency in secreting growth hormones. To determine the effect of growth hormones of Aspergillus fungus on plant growth, a potted experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The bio-inoculation increased the plant height, dry weight of the vegetative/root parts and root length by 34.15%, 45.77% and 34.97%, respectively compared to control treatment. Likewise, the percentage of nitrogen in bio-inoculated sorghum leaves, vegetative roots and root parts increased by 26.39%, 29.56% and 33.15%, respectively compared to the control treatment where no inoculation was done.
{"title":"Response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to plant growth hormones produced by Aspergillus sp. ","authors":"Mohammed Bustan Hanoon, Mohammed Saeed Haran, AHMED. S. K., D. Al-Taey, A. Jasim, Marwa Fadhil ALSAFFAR4","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1056","url":null,"abstract":" In this study, 10 isolates of Aspergillus fungus were isolated from the soil of the rhizosphere and roots of rice, sorghum and barley plants that were cultivated in the areas of Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. The types of isolates were identified by studying their biochemical, morphological, and microscopic characteristics. The results showed that all isolates belong to the genus Aspergillus. The study also estimated the quantity of growth hormones produced by the studied isolates. The study found that 5 isolates, labeled as P1, P2, P5, P7 and P9, had a high efficiency in secreting growth hormones. To determine the effect of growth hormones of Aspergillus fungus on plant growth, a potted experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The bio-inoculation increased the plant height, dry weight of the vegetative/root parts and root length by 34.15%, 45.77% and 34.97%, respectively compared to control treatment. Likewise, the percentage of nitrogen in bio-inoculated sorghum leaves, vegetative roots and root parts increased by 26.39%, 29.56% and 33.15%, respectively compared to the control treatment where no inoculation was done.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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