Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc_1028
Mmakoma M. Letsoalo, P. Mashela, A. Ndhlala
Artemisia afra is a frequently utilized medicinal plant in diverse cultural traditions for the management of various health conditions. Despite its natural habitat, limited efforts have been dedicated to its systematic cultivation, resulting in a paucity of documented information concerning its seed biology and germination characteristics. This study aimed to determine the effect of different temperatures, scarification, light conditions and priming with biostimulant on the seed germination of Artemisia afra. The seeds were exposed to different scarification methods including rubbing (sandpaper), hot and cold-water soaking, acid (H2SO4) and fermentation (EM) and compared with untreated seeds (control). Photoperiods included constant light, alternating light (16/8 hours) and continuous darkness at 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C. Results revealed that 25 °C temperature significantly improved germination while no germination was obtained at 15°C and 35°C. Hot and cold-water scarification resulted in improved germination. There was no germination observed for fermented seeds in all the experiments. In photoperiod, the highest germination percentage of 70 % was observed under alternating light. Using Moringa based biostimulant under alternating light conditions at 25 °C resulted in improved MGT. The information generated from this study will contribute to bridging the scientific gap by generating information on optimum requirements for propagating A. afra through seeds.
在不同的文化传统中，黄花蒿是一种常用的药用植物，可用于治疗各种健康问题。尽管其自然栖息地很好，但对其进行系统栽培的努力却很有限，因此有关其种子生物学和发芽特性的文献资料很少。本研究旨在确定不同温度、去痕、光照条件和生物刺激剂对黄花蒿种子萌发的影响。对种子进行了不同的去痕处理，包括摩擦（砂纸）、冷热水浸泡、酸（H2SO4）和发酵（EM），并与未经处理的种子（对照）进行了比较。光照周期包括恒定光照、交替光照（16/8 小时）和连续黑暗，温度分别为 15 °C、25 °C 和 35 °C。结果表明，25 °C的温度明显提高了发芽率，而在15 °C和35 °C的温度下没有发芽。热水和冷水灼烧可提高发芽率。在所有实验中都没有观察到发酵种子的萌发。在光周期方面，交替光照下的发芽率最高，达到 70%。在 25 °C 的交替光照条件下使用基于辣木的生物刺激剂可提高 MGT。这项研究产生的信息将有助于弥合科学差距，为通过种子繁殖 A. afra 提供最佳要求方面的信息。
{"title":"Seed priming by cold scarification and Moringa-based bio-stimulant on the germination of Artemisia afra","authors":"Mmakoma M. Letsoalo, P. Mashela, A. Ndhlala","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc_1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc_1028","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisia afra is a frequently utilized medicinal plant in diverse cultural traditions for the management of various health conditions. Despite its natural habitat, limited efforts have been dedicated to its systematic cultivation, resulting in a paucity of documented information concerning its seed biology and germination characteristics. This study aimed to determine the effect of different temperatures, scarification, light conditions and priming with biostimulant on the seed germination of Artemisia afra. The seeds were exposed to different scarification methods including rubbing (sandpaper), hot and cold-water soaking, acid (H2SO4) and fermentation (EM) and compared with untreated seeds (control). Photoperiods included constant light, alternating light (16/8 hours) and continuous darkness at 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C. Results revealed that 25 °C temperature significantly improved germination while no germination was obtained at 15°C and 35°C. Hot and cold-water scarification resulted in improved germination. There was no germination observed for fermented seeds in all the experiments. In photoperiod, the highest germination percentage of 70 % was observed under alternating light. Using Moringa based biostimulant under alternating light conditions at 25 °C resulted in improved MGT. The information generated from this study will contribute to bridging the scientific gap by generating information on optimum requirements for propagating A. afra through seeds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1037
E. Yulia, Meisa Siti Maesyaroh, D. Dono, L. Djaya, T. Suganda, F. Widiantini, C. Nasahi
White root rot disease (WRD), caused by Rigidoporus microporus, poses a serious threat to various tropical trees, resulting in substantial crop damage and even plant death. However, there is still a lack of information regarding WRD in tea plants. Due to soil-borne in nature, synthetic fungicide is not recommended to control WRD. Therefore, biocontrol using natural microorganisms found in the tea's rhizosphere has been explored as a potential solution. This study aimed to identify rhizospheric fungi of tea plants with antagonistic properties that can be used as a biocontrol agent against R. microporus. The study involved a field survey and laboratory works had been conducted in a tea plantation at Rancabali, West Java and the Phytopathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from March to October 2021. The disease incidence and severity were assessed in three blocks of land representing different topographic conditions of the plantation while antagonism tests were conducted using the completely randomized design and dual culture method. The results showed that the highest occurrence of WRD was in the central part of the hill with the disease incidence and severity of 70 and 50%, respectively. Thirteen fungal isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of tea plants, all of which were found to inhibit the growth of R. microporus. These isolates belonged to the genera of Trichoderma, Gliocladium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Aureobasidium, Acremonium and Rhizopus. The considerable inhibition of R. microporus colony growth was performed by the isolates of Aureobasidium sp. (51.23%), Rhizopus sp. (50%), and Trichoderma sp. (43.96%). The results suggested that rhizospheric fungi of tea plants have the potential as biocontrol agents against R. microporus.
{"title":"Biocontrol potential of rhizospheric fungi against Rigidoporus microporus, the causal agent of white root rot disease in tea plants","authors":"E. Yulia, Meisa Siti Maesyaroh, D. Dono, L. Djaya, T. Suganda, F. Widiantini, C. Nasahi","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1037","url":null,"abstract":"White root rot disease (WRD), caused by Rigidoporus microporus, poses a serious threat to various tropical trees, resulting in substantial crop damage and even plant death. However, there is still a lack of information regarding WRD in tea plants. Due to soil-borne in nature, synthetic fungicide is not recommended to control WRD. Therefore, biocontrol using natural microorganisms found in the tea's rhizosphere has been explored as a potential solution. This study aimed to identify rhizospheric fungi of tea plants with antagonistic properties that can be used as a biocontrol agent against R. microporus. The study involved a field survey and laboratory works had been conducted in a tea plantation at Rancabali, West Java and the Phytopathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from March to October 2021. The disease incidence and severity were assessed in three blocks of land representing different topographic conditions of the plantation while antagonism tests were conducted using the completely randomized design and dual culture method. The results showed that the highest occurrence of WRD was in the central part of the hill with the disease incidence and severity of 70 and 50%, respectively. Thirteen fungal isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of tea plants, all of which were found to inhibit the growth of R. microporus. These isolates belonged to the genera of Trichoderma, Gliocladium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Aureobasidium, Acremonium and Rhizopus. The considerable inhibition of R. microporus colony growth was performed by the isolates of Aureobasidium sp. (51.23%), Rhizopus sp. (50%), and Trichoderma sp. (43.96%). The results suggested that rhizospheric fungi of tea plants have the potential as biocontrol agents against R. microporus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"176 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1019
Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi
Root-knot (Meloidogyne sp.) nematodes are among the most important causes of reduced tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield. Therefore, an investigation was conducted in 2022 at the Aquaculture Research Unit lab to evaluate the effectiveness of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract application in controlling root-knot nematode in tomatoes. During a survey of a tomato field, M. incognita was identified from the rhizosphere soil samples. Fresh leaf extracts of moringa, including positive control (fenamiphos 0.06), were investigated in vivo for efficacy against M. incognita in root and soil. Seedlings of tomato were inoculated with 3000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita in pot trials, with treatments comprising fresh leaf extracts of moringa in a series of concentrations (40 ppm-80 ppm). Fifty-six days after inoculation, the phytonematicide had reduced eggs and J2s in soil by 65-90%, gall number by 45-87%, and gall index by 35-82%. The best treatment was moringa leaf extract (80 ppm), which was significantly different (P less than 0.05) from moringa leaf extract at 60 ppm and 40 ppm (P less than 0.05). However, fenamiphos had no significant difference (P greater than 0.05). The results showed moringa leaf extract (80 ppm) was the best treatment for controlling root-knot nematode in tomatoes.
{"title":"Efficacy of moringa (Moringa oleifera) formulations on suppression of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)","authors":"Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1019","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot (Meloidogyne sp.) nematodes are among the most important causes of reduced tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield. Therefore, an investigation was conducted in 2022 at the Aquaculture Research Unit lab to evaluate the effectiveness of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract application in controlling root-knot nematode in tomatoes. During a survey of a tomato field, M. incognita was identified from the rhizosphere soil samples. Fresh leaf extracts of moringa, including positive control (fenamiphos 0.06), were investigated in vivo for efficacy against M. incognita in root and soil. Seedlings of tomato were inoculated with 3000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita in pot trials, with treatments comprising fresh leaf extracts of moringa in a series of concentrations (40 ppm-80 ppm). Fifty-six days after inoculation, the phytonematicide had reduced eggs and J2s in soil by 65-90%, gall number by 45-87%, and gall index by 35-82%. The best treatment was moringa leaf extract (80 ppm), which was significantly different (P less than 0.05) from moringa leaf extract at 60 ppm and 40 ppm (P less than 0.05). However, fenamiphos had no significant difference (P greater than 0.05). The results showed moringa leaf extract (80 ppm) was the best treatment for controlling root-knot nematode in tomatoes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1027
U. Umiyati, Denny Kurniadie, Rizka Luthfiani Fakhriah
Tea ranks among Indonesia's prominent export commodities, and international market competition necessitates the cultivation of tea plants with maximum efficiency to sustain production levels. An eminent challenge in preserving the productivity of tea plants is the pervasive growth of weeds, which engender competitive pressures on tea plants, consequently diminishing crop yields. This research was conducted during January to May, 2023 to test the effectiveness of Glyphosate Potassium 660 g/L herbicide in controlling various types of weeds in tea plantations. Glyphosate potassium herbicide works by inhibiting the 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme which plays a role in the formation of aromatic amino acids in plants. The research was conducted at the PTPN VIII Rancabali tea plantation, Bandung Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven treatments and four replications, resulting in 28 experimental plots. Treatments included the application of Glyphosate Potassium 660 g/L herbicide with doses of 0.75 L/ha, 1.125 L/ha, 1.5 L/ha, 1.875 L/ha, 2.25 L/ha, manual weeding, and control (without treatment). The results showed that the herbicide with Glyphosate Potassium 660 g/L active ingredient at doses ranging from 0.75 L/ha to 2.25 L/ha was effective to control broadleaf weeds such as Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora, and Diodia sarmentosa, grassy weeds such as Setaria plicata and Axonopus compressus and other weeds (Drymaria cordata, Synedrella nodyflora, Erechtithes valerianifolia and Clidemia hirta) until the observation at 12 Weeks After Application (WAA) without causing phytotoxicity on the tea plants.
{"title":"Effectiveness of glyphosate potassium 660 g/L herbicide in controlling weeds at productive tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)","authors":"U. Umiyati, Denny Kurniadie, Rizka Luthfiani Fakhriah","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1027","url":null,"abstract":"Tea ranks among Indonesia's prominent export commodities, and international market competition necessitates the cultivation of tea plants with maximum efficiency to sustain production levels. An eminent challenge in preserving the productivity of tea plants is the pervasive growth of weeds, which engender competitive pressures on tea plants, consequently diminishing crop yields. This research was conducted during January to May, 2023 to test the effectiveness of Glyphosate Potassium 660 g/L herbicide in controlling various types of weeds in tea plantations. Glyphosate potassium herbicide works by inhibiting the 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme which plays a role in the formation of aromatic amino acids in plants. The research was conducted at the PTPN VIII Rancabali tea plantation, Bandung Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven treatments and four replications, resulting in 28 experimental plots. Treatments included the application of Glyphosate Potassium 660 g/L herbicide with doses of 0.75 L/ha, 1.125 L/ha, 1.5 L/ha, 1.875 L/ha, 2.25 L/ha, manual weeding, and control (without treatment). The results showed that the herbicide with Glyphosate Potassium 660 g/L active ingredient at doses ranging from 0.75 L/ha to 2.25 L/ha was effective to control broadleaf weeds such as Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora, and Diodia sarmentosa, grassy weeds such as Setaria plicata and Axonopus compressus and other weeds (Drymaria cordata, Synedrella nodyflora, Erechtithes valerianifolia and Clidemia hirta) until the observation at 12 Weeks After Application (WAA) without causing phytotoxicity on the tea plants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"152 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-957
Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi
Plant-parasitic nematodes are the main nematodes that live in the soil, causing yield loss in various crops. As endoparasites, Pratylenchus species can reduce the yield of grass and other plants by feeding on their roots. Because of its parasitic nature on plants, this species requires careful identification; in South Africa's Limpopo Province, grasslands are among the most vital agricultural resources. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University to identify the nematode from South Africa's soils using 28S rDNA marker. The recovered nematode was extracted using the tray method, and then its DNA was extracted using the chelex method. The nematode was identified as Pratylenchus. Afterward, 28S rDNA was amplified using specific primers to identify the nematode at the molecular level. The Nblast analysis based on the large subunit ribosomal DNA showed South African Pratylenchus had 99% similarity (OQ343703) with the South African population. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Pratylenchus in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was identified using 28S rDNA; however, other rDNA markers, such as ITS rDNA and mtDNA is recommended for a better understanding of Pratylenchus phylogeny.
{"title":"Phylogenetic position of Pratylenchus sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) associated with grasslands using 28S rDNA from South Africa","authors":"Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-957","url":null,"abstract":" Plant-parasitic nematodes are the main nematodes that live in the soil, causing yield loss in various crops. As endoparasites, Pratylenchus species can reduce the yield of grass and other plants by feeding on their roots. Because of its parasitic nature on plants, this species requires careful identification; in South Africa's Limpopo Province, grasslands are among the most vital agricultural resources. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University to identify the nematode from South Africa's soils using 28S rDNA marker. The recovered nematode was extracted using the tray method, and then its DNA was extracted using the chelex method. The nematode was identified as Pratylenchus. Afterward, 28S rDNA was amplified using specific primers to identify the nematode at the molecular level. The Nblast analysis based on the large subunit ribosomal DNA showed South African Pratylenchus had 99% similarity (OQ343703) with the South African population. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Pratylenchus in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was identified using 28S rDNA; however, other rDNA markers, such as ITS rDNA and mtDNA is recommended for a better understanding of Pratylenchus phylogeny.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1038
H. Bango, M. Mphosi, K. Shadung
Fertilization of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) is an effective strategy for improving tea yield and quality. Even though, NPK fertilization enhances tea yield and quality, addressing soil deficiencies to boost growth, but also impacts soil microbes, influencing nutrient cycling and yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of different NPK fertilizer application rates on microbial composition of J. zeyheri tea under greenhouse conditions. Six treatments constituting NPK fertilizer rates (2:3:2 ratio) @ 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 g were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with five replications. 130 days after initiating treatments, leaves were harvested and oven-dried for 72 h at a temperature of 60°C. After laboratory preparations, microorganisms on tea leaves were determined by the principle most probable number using the Tempo reader (BioMerieux, Rodolphe, Durham, United States) instrument. Treatments had a highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) on Bacillus cereus contributing 39% in total treatment variation (TTV), whereas increasing NPK fertilizer rates had significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) on Enterobacteriaceae contributing 58% in TTV. Increasing rates of NPK fertilizer did not influence total coliforms contained in J. zeyheri tea leaf tissues. Bacillus cereus and Enterobacteriaceae over increasing NPK fertilizer rates exhibited positive quadratic relations, with density dependent growth pattern. Fertilizer requirements for Bacillus cereus and Enterobacteriaceae under greenhouse conditions were optimized at 1.75 g fertilizer/plant. In conclusion, Bacillus cereus and Enterobacteriaceae were affected by increasing NPK fertilizer rates.
{"title":"Impact of varied rates of NPK fertilizer on the microbial diversity of Jatropha zeyheri tea leaves under greenhouse conditions","authors":"H. Bango, M. Mphosi, K. Shadung","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1038","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilization of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) is an effective strategy for improving tea yield and quality. Even though, NPK fertilization enhances tea yield and quality, addressing soil deficiencies to boost growth, but also impacts soil microbes, influencing nutrient cycling and yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of different NPK fertilizer application rates on microbial composition of J. zeyheri tea under greenhouse conditions. Six treatments constituting NPK fertilizer rates (2:3:2 ratio) @ 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 g were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with five replications. 130 days after initiating treatments, leaves were harvested and oven-dried for 72 h at a temperature of 60°C. After laboratory preparations, microorganisms on tea leaves were determined by the principle most probable number using the Tempo reader (BioMerieux, Rodolphe, Durham, United States) instrument. Treatments had a highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) on Bacillus cereus contributing 39% in total treatment variation (TTV), whereas increasing NPK fertilizer rates had significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) on Enterobacteriaceae contributing 58% in TTV. Increasing rates of NPK fertilizer did not influence total coliforms contained in J. zeyheri tea leaf tissues. Bacillus cereus and Enterobacteriaceae over increasing NPK fertilizer rates exhibited positive quadratic relations, with density dependent growth pattern. Fertilizer requirements for Bacillus cereus and Enterobacteriaceae under greenhouse conditions were optimized at 1.75 g fertilizer/plant. In conclusion, Bacillus cereus and Enterobacteriaceae were affected by increasing NPK fertilizer rates.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1043
Agusalim Masulili, Ismail Astar, I. A. Suci, Paiman
The crucial aspect of cocoa cultivation is ensuring the availability of seedlings with robust growth. Ultisols, a type of soil with potential for cocoa plant propagation, necessitate materials to enhance fertility when used as a growing medium. This includes the application of liquid smoke derived from coconut shells. To further study on this aspect this research aimed to determine the role of liquid coconut shell smoke on the growth of cocoa seedlings in Ultisols soil. The research was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Panca Bhakti University, Pontianak, for 90 days from July to October 2023. The research used a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with four replications. The treatment concentrations of liquid coconut shell smoke (%) consisted of six levels: 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25%. Each replication consisted of three cocoa plant seedling samples, resulting in a total of 72 plants for the entire research unit. The observed parameters included plant height increase (cm), the increase in the number of leaves (leaves), and the increase in stem diameter (mm). The research results found a very significant influence on all observed parameters. The treatment of liquid coconut shell smoke at a concentration of 0.75% yielded the highest results in terms of seedling height increase (29.09 cm), the number of leaves (14.08 leaves), and stem diameter (9.87 mm) compared to the control. This research finding shows that a concentration of 0.75% liquid coconut shell smoke can maximize the growth of cocoa seedlings in Ultisols soil through soil fertility improvement.
{"title":"Maximizing cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedling growth through liquid coconut shell smoke in Ultisols soil ","authors":"Agusalim Masulili, Ismail Astar, I. A. Suci, Paiman","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1043","url":null,"abstract":"The crucial aspect of cocoa cultivation is ensuring the availability of seedlings with robust growth. Ultisols, a type of soil with potential for cocoa plant propagation, necessitate materials to enhance fertility when used as a growing medium. This includes the application of liquid smoke derived from coconut shells. To further study on this aspect this research aimed to determine the role of liquid coconut shell smoke on the growth of cocoa seedlings in Ultisols soil. The research was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Panca Bhakti University, Pontianak, for 90 days from July to October 2023. The research used a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with four replications. The treatment concentrations of liquid coconut shell smoke (%) consisted of six levels: 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25%. Each replication consisted of three cocoa plant seedling samples, resulting in a total of 72 plants for the entire research unit. The observed parameters included plant height increase (cm), the increase in the number of leaves (leaves), and the increase in stem diameter (mm). The research results found a very significant influence on all observed parameters. The treatment of liquid coconut shell smoke at a concentration of 0.75% yielded the highest results in terms of seedling height increase (29.09 cm), the number of leaves (14.08 leaves), and stem diameter (9.87 mm) compared to the control. This research finding shows that a concentration of 0.75% liquid coconut shell smoke can maximize the growth of cocoa seedlings in Ultisols soil through soil fertility improvement.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"179 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1054
Kyoung-Sun Seo, K. Yun
The fruit and bark of Broussonetia × hanjiana M. Kim (Kkujidaknamu, Korean paper mulberry) have been used as a resource for medicine and paper in Korea and Korean traditional paper (Hanji), made from extract of the B. × hanjiana bark, has been used to package dry foods. The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of B.× hanjiana extract. The antimicrobial activity of four fractions of ethanol extract of the plant collected in July was evaluated through disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) method against three Gram-positive strains, two Gram-negative strains, and one yeast. The ether and ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract from B. × hanjiana bark exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with the lowest MIC value against the tested Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of the hexane and ether fraction against Gram-negative bacteria was not detected in any sample extracts and the MIC was not observed against Saccharomyces cerevisiae in any fractions. The antioxidant activity of ethanol and hot water extract of the plant was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The ethanol extract showed relatively higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity than the hot water extract, regardless of the samples. The results of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were not consistent with the results of antioxidant activity and it shows antioxidant activity is not only affected by the polyphenol content but also can occur by some other phytochemicals. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was influenced by plant organ or extract solvent. These findings may confirm the potential of this plant as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.
在韩国，Broussonetia × hanjiana M. Kim（Kkujidaknamu，韩国纸桑）的果实和树皮一直被用作药物和纸张资源，用 B. × hanjiana 树皮提取物制成的韩国传统纸张（Hanji）一直被用来包装干燥食品。本研究旨在评估 B.× hanjiana 提取物的体外抗菌和抗氧化活性。通过盘扩散和最小抑菌浓度（MIC）法，评估了七月份采集的该植物乙醇提取物的四种馏分对三种革兰氏阳性菌株、两种革兰氏阴性菌株和一种酵母菌的抗菌活性。B. × hanjiana 树皮乙醇提取物的乙醚和乙酸乙酯馏分对测试的革兰氏阳性菌具有最高的抗菌活性和最低的 MIC 值。正己烷和乙醚萃取物对革兰氏阴性菌的 MIC 值在任何样品萃取物中都未检测到，对酿酒酵母的 MIC 值在任何萃取物中都未观察到。通过 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和 2,2′-偶氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）自由基清除试验评估了该植物乙醇和热水提取物的抗氧化活性。无论哪种样品，乙醇提取物的 DPPH 和 ABTS 自由基清除活性都比热水提取物高。总酚和类黄酮含量的结果与抗氧化活性的结果不一致，这表明抗氧化活性不仅受多酚含量的影响，还可能受其他植物化学物质的影响。抗菌和抗氧化活性受植物器官或提取溶剂的影响。这些发现可能证实了这种植物作为抗菌剂和抗氧化剂的潜力。
{"title":"Assessment of in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Broussonetia × hanjiana M. Kim ","authors":"Kyoung-Sun Seo, K. Yun","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1054","url":null,"abstract":"The fruit and bark of Broussonetia × hanjiana M. Kim (Kkujidaknamu, Korean paper mulberry) have been used as a resource for medicine and paper in Korea and Korean traditional paper (Hanji), made from extract of the B. × hanjiana bark, has been used to package dry foods. The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of B.× hanjiana extract. The antimicrobial activity of four fractions of ethanol extract of the plant collected in July was evaluated through disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) method against three Gram-positive strains, two Gram-negative strains, and one yeast. The ether and ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract from B. × hanjiana bark exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with the lowest MIC value against the tested Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of the hexane and ether fraction against Gram-negative bacteria was not detected in any sample extracts and the MIC was not observed against Saccharomyces cerevisiae in any fractions. The antioxidant activity of ethanol and hot water extract of the plant was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The ethanol extract showed relatively higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity than the hot water extract, regardless of the samples. The results of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were not consistent with the results of antioxidant activity and it shows antioxidant activity is not only affected by the polyphenol content but also can occur by some other phytochemicals. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was influenced by plant organ or extract solvent. These findings may confirm the potential of this plant as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-17DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1041
S. Kala
Under the uncongenial growth condition imposed by salts in the edaphic environment, several biochemical changes take place in plants, which help them to survive under such a hostile environment. In the present study, an attempt has been made to obtain basic information about the effect of salt stress on relative membrane injury, lipid peroxidation content and reactive oxygen species content in isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) genotypes. The changes in relative membrane injury, lipid peroxidation content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content of P. ovata genotypes viz. GI-2, HI-96, PB-80 and HI-5 were studied under NaCl salt stress at different EC levels viz. control (without salt), 5 and 10 dS/m of nutrient supplemented NaCl salt solutions in sand filled polythene bags during 1st week of November 2022 in the Department of Botany Government College, Hisar. RMI, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and ROS content of leaves increased with increasing EC levels in all the isabgol genotypes as studied at 58 days after showing. The highest increase in RMI was found in the genotype PB-80 and lowest in the genotype GI-2 at higher (10 dS/m) EC level over control. Increase in lipid peroxidation content which was measured in terms of MDA content was found highest in the genotype PB-80 while the lowest increase was detected in the genotype HI-5 at higher level (10 dS/m) of salt stress over control. Highest enhancement in ROS content of leaves in the genotype PB-80 and lowest increase in the genotype GI-2 was observed at higher (10 dS/m) EC level over control. The relative order of these parameters in various genotypes under salt stress was PB-80 greater than HI-5 greater than HI-96 greater than GI-2.
{"title":"Effect of salt stress on relative membrane injury, lipid peroxidation content and reactive oxygen species content of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) genotypes ","authors":"S. Kala","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1041","url":null,"abstract":"Under the uncongenial growth condition imposed by salts in the edaphic environment, several biochemical changes take place in plants, which help them to survive under such a hostile environment. In the present study, an attempt has been made to obtain basic information about the effect of salt stress on relative membrane injury, lipid peroxidation content and reactive oxygen species content in isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) genotypes. The changes in relative membrane injury, lipid peroxidation content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content of P. ovata genotypes viz. GI-2, HI-96, PB-80 and HI-5 were studied under NaCl salt stress at different EC levels viz. control (without salt), 5 and 10 dS/m of nutrient supplemented NaCl salt solutions in sand filled polythene bags during 1st week of November 2022 in the Department of Botany Government College, Hisar. RMI, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and ROS content of leaves increased with increasing EC levels in all the isabgol genotypes as studied at 58 days after showing. The highest increase in RMI was found in the genotype PB-80 and lowest in the genotype GI-2 at higher (10 dS/m) EC level over control. Increase in lipid peroxidation content which was measured in terms of MDA content was found highest in the genotype PB-80 while the lowest increase was detected in the genotype HI-5 at higher level (10 dS/m) of salt stress over control. Highest enhancement in ROS content of leaves in the genotype PB-80 and lowest increase in the genotype GI-2 was observed at higher (10 dS/m) EC level over control. The relative order of these parameters in various genotypes under salt stress was PB-80 greater than HI-5 greater than HI-96 greater than GI-2.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"185 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1045
D. Widayat, Denny Kurniadie, Itha Naila Putri Permatasari
Lack of knowledge in weed control techniques in oil palm cultivation practices can lead to decreased productivity. One of the herbicides that can be used to control weeds in oil palm cultivation is a mixed herbicide made from isopropylamine glyphosate 486 g/L and methyl metsulfuron 1 g/L. The use of mixed herbicides with two or more active ingredients can broaden the spectrum of weed control, reduce herbicide residues, slow the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, and reduce production costs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of mixed herbicides IPA glyphosate 486 g/L and methyl metsulfuron 1 g/L in controlling weeds in oil palm plants in the producing phase. This research was conducted at Bukit Nyomot oil palm plantation Subang Regency, Jawa Barat Province from February to May 2023. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and each treatment was replicate 4 times. The treatments are consisted of the application of mixed herbicides IPA glyphosate 486 g/L and methyl metsulfuron 1 g/L at doses of 1 L/ha; 1.5 L/ha; 2 L/ha; 2.5 L/ha; manual weeding; and control (no treatment). The results shows that the mixed herbicide IPA glyphosate 486 g/L and methyl metsulfuron 1 g/L at a dose of 1 L/ha to 2.5 l/ha is effective in controlling weeds in oil palm, such as Paspalum conjugatum, Ottochloa nodosa, Asystasia intrusa, Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata, other weeds, and total weeds up to 12 Weeks After Application (WAA).
{"title":"The effectiveness of isopropylamine glyphosate 486 g/L + metsulfuron methyl 1 g/L herbicidal combination in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)","authors":"D. Widayat, Denny Kurniadie, Itha Naila Putri Permatasari","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1045","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of knowledge in weed control techniques in oil palm cultivation practices can lead to decreased productivity. One of the herbicides that can be used to control weeds in oil palm cultivation is a mixed herbicide made from isopropylamine glyphosate 486 g/L and methyl metsulfuron 1 g/L. The use of mixed herbicides with two or more active ingredients can broaden the spectrum of weed control, reduce herbicide residues, slow the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, and reduce production costs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of mixed herbicides IPA glyphosate 486 g/L and methyl metsulfuron 1 g/L in controlling weeds in oil palm plants in the producing phase. This research was conducted at Bukit Nyomot oil palm plantation Subang Regency, Jawa Barat Province from February to May 2023. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and each treatment was replicate 4 times. The treatments are consisted of the application of mixed herbicides IPA glyphosate 486 g/L and methyl metsulfuron 1 g/L at doses of 1 L/ha; 1.5 L/ha; 2 L/ha; 2.5 L/ha; manual weeding; and control (no treatment). The results shows that the mixed herbicide IPA glyphosate 486 g/L and methyl metsulfuron 1 g/L at a dose of 1 L/ha to 2.5 l/ha is effective in controlling weeds in oil palm, such as Paspalum conjugatum, Ottochloa nodosa, Asystasia intrusa, Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata, other weeds, and total weeds up to 12 Weeks After Application (WAA).\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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