Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1047
T. D. Phung
Globally, climate variability is expected to lead to an increase in temperature resulting in an increase in the water use requirement of various crops. The study was to evaluate the WUR of cassava crops across the rainfed cultivation regions (RCRs) of Phu Yen Province, Vietnam based on the LINTUL-Cassava model simulation under current condition and future climate of the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The LINTUL-Cassava model was assessed with low errors (d = 0.86, R2 = 0.87, RMSE less than 15.0% and NRSME less than 5.0). Results revealed that the water use requirement of spring and summer crops decreased by approximately 10.8-19.0% and 40.2-51.2% correspond to timescales of 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2099 of the RCP4.5 scenario while a significant uptrend up to 13.0% and 32.9% recorded for long term (2071-2099) of the RCP8.5 scenario. The study revealed that rainfed can be utilized effectively if the crop cultivation time (CCT) was fixed to adapt to the changed climate factors.
{"title":"Irrigation benefits for rainfed cassava cultivation regions in Vietnam based on LINTUL-Cassava model","authors":"T. D. Phung","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1047","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, climate variability is expected to lead to an increase in temperature resulting in an increase in the water use requirement of various crops. The study was to evaluate the WUR of cassava crops across the rainfed cultivation regions (RCRs) of Phu Yen Province, Vietnam based on the LINTUL-Cassava model simulation under current condition and future climate of the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The LINTUL-Cassava model was assessed with low errors (d = 0.86, R2 = 0.87, RMSE less than 15.0% and NRSME less than 5.0). Results revealed that the water use requirement of spring and summer crops decreased by approximately 10.8-19.0% and 40.2-51.2% correspond to timescales of 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2099 of the RCP4.5 scenario while a significant uptrend up to 13.0% and 32.9% recorded for long term (2071-2099) of the RCP8.5 scenario. The study revealed that rainfed can be utilized effectively if the crop cultivation time (CCT) was fixed to adapt to the changed climate factors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1031
Kamal, A. Dhaka, Bhagat Singh, E. Kamboj, Preeti, Amit Sharma
Groundnut is an important oilseed crop and belongs to the family Leguminosae. However, the productivity of groundnut in India is less as compared to average productivity of the world. The main cause of low groundnut production is an unbalanced and insufficient usage of nutrients. Because groundnut is a legume-oilseed crop, it has a high phosphorus, calcium, and Sulphur demand. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2021 at crop physiology field lab, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four phosphorus levels (Control, 40, 50, 60 kg P2O5/ha) in main plots and four Sulphur levels (Control, 25, 50, 75 kg S/ha) in sub-plots with three replications. Result revealed that application of 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher total plant biomass and its partitioning into different plant parts viz, leaves, stem, root and pod at different growth stages in groundnut followed by 50 kg P2O5/ha. Among Sulphur levels application of 75 kg S/ha record higher total biomass and its partitioning at all growth stages followed by 50 kg S/ha. So, to obtain a higher total biomass and its partitioning, the crop may be fertilized with phosphorus and sulphur levels of 50 kg/ha each.
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus and sulphur levels on biomass partitioning in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"Kamal, A. Dhaka, Bhagat Singh, E. Kamboj, Preeti, Amit Sharma","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1031","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut is an important oilseed crop and belongs to the family Leguminosae. However, the productivity of groundnut in India is less as compared to average productivity of the world. The main cause of low groundnut production is an unbalanced and insufficient usage of nutrients. Because groundnut is a legume-oilseed crop, it has a high phosphorus, calcium, and Sulphur demand. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2021 at crop physiology field lab, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four phosphorus levels (Control, 40, 50, 60 kg P2O5/ha) in main plots and four Sulphur levels (Control, 25, 50, 75 kg S/ha) in sub-plots with three replications. Result revealed that application of 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher total plant biomass and its partitioning into different plant parts viz, leaves, stem, root and pod at different growth stages in groundnut followed by 50 kg P2O5/ha. Among Sulphur levels application of 75 kg S/ha record higher total biomass and its partitioning at all growth stages followed by 50 kg S/ha. So, to obtain a higher total biomass and its partitioning, the crop may be fertilized with phosphorus and sulphur levels of 50 kg/ha each.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1039
A. Adekiya, O. Ande, S. Dahunsi, Joshua Ogunwole, A. L. Ibaba
Recognizing the significance of maize cultivation, it is imperative to determine the appropriate levels of NPK fertilizer along with the supplementary inclusion of bio-digestate (an organic fertilizer), to achieve optimal soil chemical properties and crop yields. Hence, a field study was conducted in 2022 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study evaluated the effects of bio-digestate fertilizer (D), applied alone and integrated with urea (N), single superphosphate (P) and muriate of potash fertilizers (K) at low (N1K1P1) and high (N2P2K2) rates on soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize (Zea mays (L.). The treatments consisted of application of: D at 2500 L/ha alone, D + N1 P1 K1, D + N1 P1 K2, D + N1 P2 K1, D + N1 P2 K2, D + N2 P1 K1, D + N2 P1 K2, D + N2 P2 K1, D + N2 P2 K2, Control. N1 = 60 kg N/ha, N2 = 120 kg N/ha, P1 = 30 kg P2O5/ha, P2 = 60 kg P2O5/ha, K1 = 30 kg K/ha, K2 = 60 kg K/ha. The 10 treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Results showed that bio-digestate (D) fertilizer applied alone or integrated with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize compared with the control. High rate of fertilizer DN2P2K2 increased soil chemical properties and growth parameters of maize relative to low rates DN1P1K1 whereas a higher yield was recorded at a low rate DN1P1K1 relative to a high rate of fertilizer DN2P2K2. Overall, the treatment DN1P1K1 demonstrated the highest grain yield. D alone increased shelled maize yield by 187.9 % relative to no application of any amendment (control), also integrating D with N1P1K1 (DN1P1K1) increased maize yield by 97.2% relative to D alone. Bio-digestate can be used for maize cultivation in lonely soil especially when integrated with NPK fertilizer. Therefore, to avoid waste of fertilizer due to cost and negative environmental effects of excessive fertilization, the lower rate of NPK fertilizer: N (60 kg N/ha), P (30 kg P2O5/ha), and K (30 kg K/ha) with 2500 L/ha of bio-digestate (DN1P1K1) is recommended for sustainable maize production.
{"title":"Impact of bio-digestate and fertilization on the soil chemical properties, growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"A. Adekiya, O. Ande, S. Dahunsi, Joshua Ogunwole, A. L. Ibaba","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1039","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing the significance of maize cultivation, it is imperative to determine the appropriate levels of NPK fertilizer along with the supplementary inclusion of bio-digestate (an organic fertilizer), to achieve optimal soil chemical properties and crop yields. Hence, a field study was conducted in 2022 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study evaluated the effects of bio-digestate fertilizer (D), applied alone and integrated with urea (N), single superphosphate (P) and muriate of potash fertilizers (K) at low (N1K1P1) and high (N2P2K2) rates on soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize (Zea mays (L.). The treatments consisted of application of: D at 2500 L/ha alone, D + N1 P1 K1, D + N1 P1 K2, D + N1 P2 K1, D + N1 P2 K2, D + N2 P1 K1, D + N2 P1 K2, D + N2 P2 K1, D + N2 P2 K2, Control. N1 = 60 kg N/ha, N2 = 120 kg N/ha, P1 = 30 kg P2O5/ha, P2 = 60 kg P2O5/ha, K1 = 30 kg K/ha, K2 = 60 kg K/ha. The 10 treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Results showed that bio-digestate (D) fertilizer applied alone or integrated with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize compared with the control. High rate of fertilizer DN2P2K2 increased soil chemical properties and growth parameters of maize relative to low rates DN1P1K1 whereas a higher yield was recorded at a low rate DN1P1K1 relative to a high rate of fertilizer DN2P2K2. Overall, the treatment DN1P1K1 demonstrated the highest grain yield. D alone increased shelled maize yield by 187.9 % relative to no application of any amendment (control), also integrating D with N1P1K1 (DN1P1K1) increased maize yield by 97.2% relative to D alone. Bio-digestate can be used for maize cultivation in lonely soil especially when integrated with NPK fertilizer. Therefore, to avoid waste of fertilizer due to cost and negative environmental effects of excessive fertilization, the lower rate of NPK fertilizer: N (60 kg N/ha), P (30 kg P2O5/ha), and K (30 kg K/ha) with 2500 L/ha of bio-digestate (DN1P1K1) is recommended for sustainable maize production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"52 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1040
O. Alexandrov, P. Kroupin, G. I. Karlov, M. Divashuk
In the Triticeae tribe, several subgenomes (St, J, V and others) were described, and a subgenome-specific molecular marker development is an actual branch of studies. Non-transcribed spacers (NTS) of 5S rDNA are perspective to create species-specific or genome-specific molecular markers in closely related organisms. Early, the 5S rDNA NTS based CAPS marker (StJV-f/StJV-r primers with the SmiM1 enzyme digestion) was designed for identification of the St, J and V subgenomes. The V subgenome amplicons were differed from the St and J amplicons in length. The St amplicons were distinguishable from the J amplicons after the SmiM1 enzyme digestion (St fragments were digested, J fragments were not digested, which is a disadvantage, because a failure with the digestion of St amplicons can be mistaken for J amplicons). This article presents the results of the StJV marker improvement. Comparative analysis of restriction enzyme maps revealed that the Hpy166 II enzyme cuts the StJV amplicons of all studied subgenomes in such a way that different product patterns are obtained. Experimental testing confirmed this finding. Thus, the improved CAPS marker can serve as a promising tool for verifying samples in Triticeae plant collections, screening herbarium materials, as well as in the breeding process aimed at improving wheat by involving its wild relatives in traditional breeding programs efficiently.
{"title":"The improvement of the CAPS-marker for St, J and V subgenome identification in Triticeae tribe plants using the 5S non-transcribed spacer polymorphism ","authors":"O. Alexandrov, P. Kroupin, G. I. Karlov, M. Divashuk","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1040","url":null,"abstract":"In the Triticeae tribe, several subgenomes (St, J, V and others) were described, and a subgenome-specific molecular marker development is an actual branch of studies. Non-transcribed spacers (NTS) of 5S rDNA are perspective to create species-specific or genome-specific molecular markers in closely related organisms. Early, the 5S rDNA NTS based CAPS marker (StJV-f/StJV-r primers with the SmiM1 enzyme digestion) was designed for identification of the St, J and V subgenomes. The V subgenome amplicons were differed from the St and J amplicons in length. The St amplicons were distinguishable from the J amplicons after the SmiM1 enzyme digestion (St fragments were digested, J fragments were not digested, which is a disadvantage, because a failure with the digestion of St amplicons can be mistaken for J amplicons). This article presents the results of the StJV marker improvement. Comparative analysis of restriction enzyme maps revealed that the Hpy166 II enzyme cuts the StJV amplicons of all studied subgenomes in such a way that different product patterns are obtained. Experimental testing confirmed this finding. Thus, the improved CAPS marker can serve as a promising tool for verifying samples in Triticeae plant collections, screening herbarium materials, as well as in the breeding process aimed at improving wheat by involving its wild relatives in traditional breeding programs efficiently.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1036
Somya Said Ahmed, H. Soussa, Nagy Ali Ali Hassan, A. E., R. R.
Due to the scarcity of fresh water in dry areas, including Egypt, emphasis has been placed on the importance of studying non-traditional water sources as an alternative source of irrigation. Therefore, this research aimed at investigating the impact of saline agricultural drainage water, drip irrigation and organic mulching using rice straw on maize water productivity under Egypt’s arid condition. The field experiment included sixteen treatments during two seasons, 2022 and 2023. Irrigation systems were [Furrow irrigation system (FIS) and drip irrigation system (DIS)] while saline agricultural drainage water strategies were [FW (0.55 dS/m), SW1 (1.35 dS/m), SW2 (3 dS/m) and SW3 (5 dS/m)] represented as sub main plot and organic mulching using rice straw (OMRS) was also investigated. The highest MY values were achieved with DIS with FW and also with irrigation with salty agricultural drainage water, with the necessity of using organic mulches of rice straw. The highest MY values were achieved as a result of achieving the best water-salt balance within the root propagation zone. The highest values were 10.89 t/ha with FW and there were no significant differences between them and the values of 10.83 t/ha when irrigated with saline agricultural drainage water for 2022 and the similar results were achieved during the 2023 season. Based on the above, SW1 can be used directly without mixing with FW1 if the ability of the grown plant to tolerate the level of salinity concentration, with the necessity of using organic mulches. The SALTMED model simulated reasonably well the soil moisture and soil salinity as well as maize yield and for all treatments, with R2 of 0.87, 0.98 and 0.96, respectively.
{"title":"Improving irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) production with saline agricultural drainage water using drip irrigation system and organic mulches: Field study and simulation modelling ","authors":"Somya Said Ahmed, H. Soussa, Nagy Ali Ali Hassan, A. E., R. R.","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1036","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the scarcity of fresh water in dry areas, including Egypt, emphasis has been placed on the importance of studying non-traditional water sources as an alternative source of irrigation. Therefore, this research aimed at investigating the impact of saline agricultural drainage water, drip irrigation and organic mulching using rice straw on maize water productivity under Egypt’s arid condition. The field experiment included sixteen treatments during two seasons, 2022 and 2023. Irrigation systems were [Furrow irrigation system (FIS) and drip irrigation system (DIS)] while saline agricultural drainage water strategies were [FW (0.55 dS/m), SW1 (1.35 dS/m), SW2 (3 dS/m) and SW3 (5 dS/m)] represented as sub main plot and organic mulching using rice straw (OMRS) was also investigated. The highest MY values were achieved with DIS with FW and also with irrigation with salty agricultural drainage water, with the necessity of using organic mulches of rice straw. The highest MY values were achieved as a result of achieving the best water-salt balance within the root propagation zone. The highest values were 10.89 t/ha with FW and there were no significant differences between them and the values of 10.83 t/ha when irrigated with saline agricultural drainage water for 2022 and the similar results were achieved during the 2023 season. Based on the above, SW1 can be used directly without mixing with FW1 if the ability of the grown plant to tolerate the level of salinity concentration, with the necessity of using organic mulches. The SALTMED model simulated reasonably well the soil moisture and soil salinity as well as maize yield and for all treatments, with R2 of 0.87, 0.98 and 0.96, respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1052
M. Poudel, H. K. Poudel, Radhakrishna Bhandari
Heat stress has been a major abiotic stress that has been a key factor for poor production and the productivity of wheat. To understand the impact of heat stress and to evaluate the performance and stability of elite wheat genotypes under irrigated and heat stress environment, a field experiment was conducted under Alpha lattice design at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal from 2019-2023 comprising 20 elite wheat genotypes collected from Nepal Agriculture Research Council. The combined analysis of variance showed, heat stress had the significant impact on all the traits evaluated with a 29% yield reduction under heat stress condition as compared to irrigated. NL 1368 (21.5%) and NL 1386 (41.4%) had the least and highest yield reduction under heat stress environment as compared to irrigated. BL 4919 was the highest yielding wheat genotype under both irrigated (4287.9 kg/ha) and heat stress environment (2905.4 kg/ha). WWW model revealed, NL 1387 was the most stable wheat genotypes while BL 4919 and NL 1350 were the most adaptable genotypes under irrigated and heat stress environment. Hence, these selected adaptive and stable genotypes should be promoted in the wheat improvement program as a parent material for heat stress breeding.
{"title":"Impact of terminal heat stress on performance of Nepalese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes ","authors":"M. Poudel, H. K. Poudel, Radhakrishna Bhandari","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1052","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress has been a major abiotic stress that has been a key factor for poor production and the productivity of wheat. To understand the impact of heat stress and to evaluate the performance and stability of elite wheat genotypes under irrigated and heat stress environment, a field experiment was conducted under Alpha lattice design at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal from 2019-2023 comprising 20 elite wheat genotypes collected from Nepal Agriculture Research Council. The combined analysis of variance showed, heat stress had the significant impact on all the traits evaluated with a 29% yield reduction under heat stress condition as compared to irrigated. NL 1368 (21.5%) and NL 1386 (41.4%) had the least and highest yield reduction under heat stress environment as compared to irrigated. BL 4919 was the highest yielding wheat genotype under both irrigated (4287.9 kg/ha) and heat stress environment (2905.4 kg/ha). WWW model revealed, NL 1387 was the most stable wheat genotypes while BL 4919 and NL 1350 were the most adaptable genotypes under irrigated and heat stress environment. Hence, these selected adaptive and stable genotypes should be promoted in the wheat improvement program as a parent material for heat stress breeding.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"74 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1051
A. W. Irwan, T. Nurmala, Ruminta, Denny Kurniadie, A. Yuniarti
Adlay plant (Coix lacryma-jobi) grown in many Asian countries, as a source of carbohydrates. The cultivation of adlay faces challenges such as long growth periods, low yields, and hard seeds. Efforts to enhance productivity are crucial, specifically by applying Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium fertilizers at the appropriate and balanced doses that have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between seed weight and seed coat characteristics under optimal N, P, and K fertilizer doses. The exploration process was conducted at the Research Station and Plant Production Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from April 2019 to November 2020. Features of the location included an altitude of 750 – 800 m above sea level, a climate type C3 (Oldeman), an average temperature of 23.8oC, and a soil classified as Inceptisols with a pH of 5.83. The experimental design incorporated several treatments at minimum, optimum, and maximum dosage levels, namely N (90kg/ha, 180 kg/ha, and 270 kg/ha), P (37.5kg/ha, 75 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha), and K (60 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) fertilizers, each was repeated twice. Fertilizer application was administered at the beginning of growth and the late vegetative phase, while P was given during the late vegetative phase and before seed formation. Subsequently, a regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of the weight of 100 seeds with thickness and hardness, generating the equation: Y = 13.755 + 0.061 X1 + 0.012 X2, where X1 = seed hardness and X2 = seed coat thickness. Observations were carried out on the weight, thickness, and hardness of adlay seeds, both macroscopically by measuring length and width or diameter and microscopically through the evaluation of coat and silica layer thickness). The results showed a significant relationship between seed weight, thickness, and hardness, yielding 5.56 t/ha with an 80% land efficiency.
{"title":"Exploring the relationship between seed weight and seed coat characteristics in the adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) cultivar WATANI-2 through N, P and K treatment compositions","authors":"A. W. Irwan, T. Nurmala, Ruminta, Denny Kurniadie, A. Yuniarti","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1051","url":null,"abstract":"Adlay plant (Coix lacryma-jobi) grown in many Asian countries, as a source of carbohydrates. The cultivation of adlay faces challenges such as long growth periods, low yields, and hard seeds. Efforts to enhance productivity are crucial, specifically by applying Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium fertilizers at the appropriate and balanced doses that have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between seed weight and seed coat characteristics under optimal N, P, and K fertilizer doses. The exploration process was conducted at the Research Station and Plant Production Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from April 2019 to November 2020. Features of the location included an altitude of 750 – 800 m above sea level, a climate type C3 (Oldeman), an average temperature of 23.8oC, and a soil classified as Inceptisols with a pH of 5.83. The experimental design incorporated several treatments at minimum, optimum, and maximum dosage levels, namely N (90kg/ha, 180 kg/ha, and 270 kg/ha), P (37.5kg/ha, 75 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha), and K (60 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) fertilizers, each was repeated twice. Fertilizer application was administered at the beginning of growth and the late vegetative phase, while P was given during the late vegetative phase and before seed formation. Subsequently, a regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of the weight of 100 seeds with thickness and hardness, generating the equation: Y = 13.755 + 0.061 X1 + 0.012 X2, where X1 = seed hardness and X2 = seed coat thickness. Observations were carried out on the weight, thickness, and hardness of adlay seeds, both macroscopically by measuring length and width or diameter and microscopically through the evaluation of coat and silica layer thickness). The results showed a significant relationship between seed weight, thickness, and hardness, yielding 5.56 t/ha with an 80% land efficiency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-11154
L. S. Shestakov
This study s carried out because the marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) appeared in the south of Russia a few years ago and is actively expanding its habitat. The repertoire of vibration signals of marmorated stink bug from the population in Sochi, Krasnodar region of Russia was studied. It was found that the repertoire of songs partially differed from the repertoire described for populations of this species from other regions. We recorded two types of songs: the signal of males emitted in the presence of a female, and the “tremulation” before copulation. Therefore, these vibration signals registered from the marmorated stink bug from the population of the south Russia were further studied.wa
{"title":"Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stl) vibration signals from a recently established invasive population in Krasnodar region of Russia ","authors":"L. S. Shestakov","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-11154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-11154","url":null,"abstract":"This study s carried out because the marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) appeared in the south of Russia a few years ago and is actively expanding its habitat. The repertoire of vibration signals of marmorated stink bug from the population in Sochi, Krasnodar region of Russia was studied. It was found that the repertoire of songs partially differed from the repertoire described for populations of this species from other regions. We recorded two types of songs: the signal of males emitted in the presence of a female, and the “tremulation” before copulation. Therefore, these vibration signals registered from the marmorated stink bug from the population of the south Russia were further studied.wa\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48077417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-917
K. Lê, T. Tran, D. H. Tran
The coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) has been one of the most serious defoliators of coconut plants in Vietnam. This study was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Vietnam during 2020-21 to determine some biological characteristics of O. arenosella at a constant temperature of 28oC and a photoperiod of 12L : 12D. It was concluded from this study that the total developmental time from egg to adult emergence of O. arenosella was 57.7 days for female and 52.6 days for male. The eggs hatched in 6.1 days after oviposition. The duration of the larval period was 41.2 days. The pupal development lasted for an average of 3.6 days. The females produced a mean of 278.8 eggs during an average lifespan of 4.9 days. The longevity of the female (4.9 days) was shorter than that of the male (10.7 days). The knowledge of the basic biological characteristics of this caterpillar is of fundamental importance for facilitating improved timing of application of control measures and mass-rearing techniques for O. arenosella to supply insect hosts to mass-rearing of its parasitoids.
{"title":"Developmental biology of the coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)","authors":"K. Lê, T. Tran, D. H. Tran","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-917","url":null,"abstract":"The coconut black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) has been one of the most serious defoliators of coconut plants in Vietnam. This study was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Vietnam during 2020-21 to determine some biological characteristics of O. arenosella at a constant temperature of 28oC and a photoperiod of 12L : 12D. It was concluded from this study that the total developmental time from egg to adult emergence of O. arenosella was 57.7 days for female and 52.6 days for male. The eggs hatched in 6.1 days after oviposition. The duration of the larval period was 41.2 days. The pupal development lasted for an average of 3.6 days. The females produced a mean of 278.8 eggs during an average lifespan of 4.9 days. The longevity of the female (4.9 days) was shorter than that of the male (10.7 days). The knowledge of the basic biological characteristics of this caterpillar is of fundamental importance for facilitating improved timing of application of control measures and mass-rearing techniques for O. arenosella to supply insect hosts to mass-rearing of its parasitoids.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42847840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-896
S. Rosniawaty, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, R. Sudirja, S. Mubarok, Dwi Fatmawati
Sappan wood is a useful woody plant from Brazil that could possibly be utilized as a natural dye. The generative proliferation of Sappan wood is hindered by its sluggish seed germination (dormancy), which necessitates greater efforts to break seed dormancy through the use of plant growth regulator (PGR) and organic matter as a planting media mixture to improve seedling growth. This study was conducted during dry season from June to September 2022 at experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran_with an aim to determine the effect of PGR (IAA, NAA, BAP) and organic matter (cow manure) on the growth of Sappan wood seeds. The design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 14 combination treatments of different types of PGR with the concentration of 1.25 ppm and the use of organic matter that is cow manure (comparison 2:1) with three replications. The data obtained were then processed using one-way ANOVA and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. The use of plant growth regulators (auxin and cytokinin) and organic matter affected the growth of Sappan wood seedlings, especially on the variables of seedling height (22.37 cm), stem diameter (3.89 mm), number of leaves (8.67), leaf area (104.84 cm2), root length (26.03 cm), dry weight of roots (1.15 g) and dry weight of the stem (1.6 g), but it was not significantly affected by the root volume. The combination of IAA+BAP 1.25 ppm and organic matter in the form of cow manure (2 : 1) was selected as the best treatment to increase the growth of Sappan wood seedlings.
{"title":"Effect of growth regulators and organic matter on the growth of Sappan wood seedlings (Caesalpinia sappan L.) ","authors":"S. Rosniawaty, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, R. Sudirja, S. Mubarok, Dwi Fatmawati","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-896","url":null,"abstract":"Sappan wood is a useful woody plant from Brazil that could possibly be utilized as a natural dye. The generative proliferation of Sappan wood is hindered by its sluggish seed germination (dormancy), which necessitates greater efforts to break seed dormancy through the use of plant growth regulator (PGR) and organic matter as a planting media mixture to improve seedling growth. This study was conducted during dry season from June to September 2022 at experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran_with an aim to determine the effect of PGR (IAA, NAA, BAP) and organic matter (cow manure) on the growth of Sappan wood seeds. The design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 14 combination treatments of different types of PGR with the concentration of 1.25 ppm and the use of organic matter that is cow manure (comparison 2:1) with three replications. The data obtained were then processed using one-way ANOVA and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. The use of plant growth regulators (auxin and cytokinin) and organic matter affected the growth of Sappan wood seedlings, especially on the variables of seedling height (22.37 cm), stem diameter (3.89 mm), number of leaves (8.67), leaf area (104.84 cm2), root length (26.03 cm), dry weight of roots (1.15 g) and dry weight of the stem (1.6 g), but it was not significantly affected by the root volume. The combination of IAA+BAP 1.25 ppm and organic matter in the form of cow manure (2 : 1) was selected as the best treatment to increase the growth of Sappan wood seedlings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41527711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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