Bacteria-mediated treatments gained increasing attention as alternative therapies against tumors. An attenuated mutant strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STMΔznuABC) has recently been considered as a potential new anti-cancer strategy. However, it is unclear whether this activity is tumor-induced or species-specific, and no data are available regarding STMΔznuABC on canine mammary tumors (CMTs). This study aimed to investigate the ability of STMΔznuABC in modulating the response of CMTs, focusing on cancer-associated fibroblasts. Four CMT cell lines (CF33, TM51, TM52 TM53) were treated with STMΔznuABC. Then, antiproliferative activity (MTT assay), bacterial invasion, and CMT cell lines gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of genes involved in immune response and cancer aggressiveness were evaluated. STMΔznuABC penetrated in TM51, TM52, TM53, and CF33 cell lines, causing a significant reduction of cell viability. Moreover, the expression of several genes was significantly modulated in all CMT cell lines: STMΔznuABC infection determined a significant up-regulation of CXCL8, IL18, IL10, TLR4 and RAD51, while CD14, IL6, CXCR4, P53, PTEN, STAT5, TLR5 and TGFB1 were downregulated in TM53. In CF33, CXCL8 and P53 were upregulated, while MYD88, MD2, IL18, TLR4,5, TGFB1 were downregulated. In TM52, CXCL8, CD44 and MD2 were upregulated and PTEN was downregulated, while in TM51 CXCL8, CD44 and ErbB2 were downregulated. We demonstrated the anti-proliferative and immuno-modulatory activity of STMΔznuABC in CMTs, paving the way for potential new anti-cancer treatments.
{"title":"Evaluation of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (STMΔznuABC) anticancer activity on canine mammary cancer-associated fibroblasts","authors":"Barbara Chirullo , Floriana Fruscione , Genny Del Zotto , Filippo Dell'Anno , Michela Tarantino , Ilaria Porcellato , Paola Petrucci , Chiara Grazia De Ciucis , Antonello Bufalari , Lisa Guardone , Katia Cappelli , Giulia Moretti , Samanta Mecocci , Eleonora Monti , Livia De Paolis , Elisabetta Razzuoli","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria-mediated treatments gained increasing attention as alternative therapies against tumors. An attenuated mutant strain of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Typhimurium (STMΔznuABC) has recently been considered as a potential new anti-cancer strategy. However, it is unclear whether this activity is tumor-induced or species-specific, and no data are available regarding STMΔznuABC on canine mammary tumors (CMTs). This study aimed to investigate the ability of STMΔznuABC in modulating the response of CMTs, focusing on cancer-associated fibroblasts. Four CMT cell lines (CF33, TM51, TM52 TM53) were treated with STMΔznuABC. Then, antiproliferative activity (MTT assay), bacterial invasion, and CMT cell lines gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of genes involved in immune response and cancer aggressiveness were evaluated. STMΔznuABC penetrated in TM51, TM52, TM53, and CF33 cell lines, causing a significant reduction of cell viability. Moreover, the expression of several genes was significantly modulated in all CMT cell lines: STMΔznuABC infection determined a significant up-regulation of <em>CXCL8</em>, <em>IL18</em>, <em>IL10</em>, <em>TLR4</em> and <em>RAD51</em>, while <em>CD14</em>, <em>IL6</em>, <em>CXCR4</em>, <em>P53</em>, <em>PTEN</em>, <em>STAT5</em>, <em>TLR5</em> and <em>TGFB1</em> were downregulated in TM53. In CF33, <em>CXCL8</em> and <em>P53</em> were upregulated, while <em>MYD88</em>, <em>MD2</em>, <em>IL18</em>, <em>TLR4,5</em>, <em>TGFB1</em> were downregulated. In TM52, <em>CXCL8</em>, <em>CD44</em> and <em>MD2</em> were upregulated and <em>PTEN</em> was downregulated, while in TM51 <em>CXCL8</em>, <em>CD44</em> and <em>ErbB2</em> were downregulated. We demonstrated the anti-proliferative and immuno-modulatory activity of STMΔznuABC in CMTs, paving the way for potential new anti-cancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cats were anesthetized using a standard protocol and randomized to receive ultrasound-guided intraperitoneal 0.9 % saline (US-S) or 0.25 % bupivacaine (US-IPLA) before ovariohysterectomy. On recovery, US-S cats received 2 mg/kg robenacoxib subcutaneously and US-IPLA cats received equivalent volume of 0.9 % saline subcutaneously. Intraoperative outcome variables included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and vaporizer setting associated with relevant surgical events characterized by manipulation of each ovarian pedicle (OP1, OP2) and the uterine body (UB). The postoperative outcome variable was need for rescue analgesia, determined using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale during 6 h after tracheal extubation. Intraoperative data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Šidák's multiple comparisons test. The probability of postoperative rescue analgesia was analyzed using the Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test. Significance was p < 0.05.
Results
Compared to baseline, all surgical events caused significant increases in HR and SAP in both groups, fR increased in US-IPLA but not in US-S, vaporizer settings remained unchanged during OP1, OP2 and UB in group US-IPLA, and were significantly higher only during OP1 in group US-S. There were no significant between-group differences in intraoperative variables and postoperative need for rescue analgesia.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Preoperative intraperitoneal bupivacaine had minimal effects on intraoperative indicators of nociception. The need for rescue analgesia was not significantly different between groups.
{"title":"Evaluation of preoperative intraperitoneal injection of bupivacaine for intraoperative antinociception in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Brandon M. Lawler, Alonso G.P. Guedes, Caitlin C. Tearney, Lauren Ienello, Brian Walters, Adrienne L. Haley, Erin Wendt-Hornickle","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine if preoperative intraperitoneal bupivacaine can minimize intra- and postoperative nociception/pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Forty-seven, intact female cats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cats were anesthetized using a standard protocol and randomized to receive ultrasound-guided intraperitoneal 0.9 % saline (US-S) or 0.25 % bupivacaine (US-IPLA) before ovariohysterectomy. On recovery, US-S cats received 2 mg/kg robenacoxib subcutaneously and US-IPLA cats received equivalent volume of 0.9 % saline subcutaneously. Intraoperative outcome variables included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (<em>f</em>R), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and vaporizer setting associated with relevant surgical events characterized by manipulation of each ovarian pedicle (OP1, OP2) and the uterine body (UB). The postoperative outcome variable was need for rescue analgesia, determined using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale during 6 h after tracheal extubation. Intraoperative data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Šidák's multiple comparisons test. The probability of postoperative rescue analgesia was analyzed using the Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test. Significance was <em>p</em> < 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to baseline, all surgical events caused significant increases in HR and SAP in both groups, <em>f</em>R increased in US-IPLA but not in US-S, vaporizer settings remained unchanged during OP1, OP2 and UB in group US-IPLA, and were significantly higher only during OP1 in group US-S. There were no significant between-group differences in intraoperative variables and postoperative need for rescue analgesia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>Preoperative intraperitoneal bupivacaine had minimal effects on intraoperative indicators of nociception. The need for rescue analgesia was not significantly different between groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105437
Jose Sergio Costa Junior , Eloy Henrique Pares Curuci , Rafael Kretzer Carneiro , Matheus Nobile , Rogério Giufrida , Luís Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias , Alefe Luiz Caliani Carrera , Bruno Watanabe Minto
Considering the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) and concurrent medial patellar luxation (MPL) among dogs, and the concomitant bone deviations routinely identified, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the combination between distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) and modified tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (mTPLO) for the treatment of MPL with distal femoral varus, tibial torsion, and CCLD. Dogs with concurrent MPL and CCLD that underwent DFO and mTPLO procedures were included. Subjective clinical evaluations of gait and pre-operative and immediate post-operative radiographic examinations were performed. Surgical data were documented. The anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral varus angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, and tibial plateau angle (TPA) were compared between the pre- and post-operative periods. A total of 12 dogs were included in this study. Closing-wedge DFO and mTPLO procedures were performed on 14 limbs. The mean pre-operative and post-operative aLDFA values were 104.8 ± 3.9° and 95.4 ± 2.4°, respectively. TPA values were 26.2 ± 3.7° pre-operatively and 6.3 ± 3.2° post-operatively. Bone healing was observed in 7.1 %, 71.3 %, and 85.5 % of patients at the first, second, and third follow-up, respectively. Lameness was resolved in 28.5 %, 78.5 %, and 100 % at 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. No major peri- or post-operative complications were reported. The combination of mTPLO and DFO aligns the stifle extensor mechanism, promoting dynamic stabilization. It can be considered for the treatment of concurrent MPL and CCLD in dogs, performed as a single procedure, and is associated with favorable short-term outcomes.
{"title":"Combination of closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy and modified tibial plateau levelling osteotomy for the treatment of medial patellar luxation and concomitant cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs","authors":"Jose Sergio Costa Junior , Eloy Henrique Pares Curuci , Rafael Kretzer Carneiro , Matheus Nobile , Rogério Giufrida , Luís Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias , Alefe Luiz Caliani Carrera , Bruno Watanabe Minto","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) and concurrent medial patellar luxation (MPL) among dogs, and the concomitant bone deviations routinely identified, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the combination between distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) and modified tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (mTPLO) for the treatment of MPL with distal femoral varus, tibial torsion, and CCLD. Dogs with concurrent MPL and CCLD that underwent DFO and mTPLO procedures were included. Subjective clinical evaluations of gait and pre-operative and immediate post-operative radiographic examinations were performed. Surgical data were documented. The anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral varus angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, and tibial plateau angle (TPA) were compared between the pre- and post-operative periods. A total of 12 dogs were included in this study. Closing-wedge DFO and mTPLO procedures were performed on 14 limbs. The mean pre-operative and post-operative aLDFA values were 104.8 ± 3.9° and 95.4 ± 2.4°, respectively. TPA values were 26.2 ± 3.7° pre-operatively and 6.3 ± 3.2° post-operatively. Bone healing was observed in 7.1 %, 71.3 %, and 85.5 % of patients at the first, second, and third follow-up, respectively. Lameness was resolved in 28.5 %, 78.5 %, and 100 % at 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. No major peri- or post-operative complications were reported. The combination of mTPLO and DFO aligns the stifle extensor mechanism, promoting dynamic stabilization. It can be considered for the treatment of concurrent MPL and CCLD in dogs, performed as a single procedure, and is associated with favorable short-term outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105436
Chenxi Ling , Shufan Liu , Keqi Meng , Yake Wang , Xuanxuan Zhang , Jiaxin Liu , Xinfeng Li , Kun Liu , Hongyu Deng , Congcong Li
This study investigated the protective effect of Vitamin U on liver injury induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in maternal mice. 25 pregnant ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups: the AFB1 group (AF, 0.3 mg AFB1/kg b.w.), the Vitamin U group (U, 50 mg Vitamin U/kg b.w.), the AFB1 + Vitamin U group (AU, 50 mg Vitamin U /kg b.w. + 0.3 mg AFB1/kg b.w.), the control group (DMSO), and the MOCK group (distilled water). They were administered substances by gavage every day for 28 days. Results indicated that exposure to AFB1 increased the liver index and caused histological disruptions. Elevated serum levels of ALT and ALP were observed, along with a significant increase in liver MDA content and a decrease in GSH-Px and T-SOD levels. Moreover, the Keap1 and Hmox1 gene was downregulated with statistical significance, while the IL1β and TNFα gene were significantly upregulated. Vitamin U was demonstrated by the organized structure of liver cells in tissue slices, effectively reducing liver cell necrosis. This intervention was associated with a significant decrease in serum ALT and ALP activities, as well as a significant decrease in liver MDA content. Additionally, there were significant increases in liver T-SOD and GSH-Px levels, along with upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of Nfr2, Hmox1 and Keap1, and downregulation of mRNA expression of the IL1β gene. In summary, Vitamin U mitigated oxidative stress-induced liver injury by modulating the Nrf2/Hmox1 signaling pathway and inflammatory factors affected by AFB1.
本研究探讨了维生素 U 对黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）引起的母鼠肝损伤的保护作用。25 只怀孕的 ICR 小鼠被随机分为五组：AFB1 组（AF，0.3 毫克 AFB1/千克体重）、维生素 U 组（U，50 毫克维生素 U/千克体重）、AFB1 + 维生素 U 组（AU，50 毫克维生素 U/千克体重 + 0.3 毫克 AFB1/千克体重）、对照组（二甲基亚砜）和 MOCK 组（蒸馏水）。它们每天灌胃给药，连续 28 天。结果表明，暴露于 AFB1 会增加肝脏指数并导致组织学破坏。观察到血清 ALT 和 ALP 水平升高，肝脏 MDA 含量显著增加，GSH-Px 和 T-SOD 水平下降。此外，Keap1 和 Hmox1 基因的下调具有统计学意义，而 IL1β 和 TNFα 基因则明显上调。组织切片中肝细胞的有序结构表明，维生素 U 能有效减少肝细胞坏死。这种干预与血清 ALT 和 ALP 活性的显著降低以及肝脏 MDA 含量的显著降低有关。此外，肝脏中的 T-SOD 和 GSH-Px 含量也有明显增加，Nfr2、Hmox1 和 Keap1 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达上调，IL1β 基因的 mRNA 表达下调。总之，维生素U通过调节Nrf2/Hmox1信号通路和受AFB1影响的炎症因子，减轻了氧化应激诱导的肝损伤。
{"title":"Vitamin U alleviates AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in pregnant and lactating mice by regulating the Nrf2/Hmox1 pathway","authors":"Chenxi Ling , Shufan Liu , Keqi Meng , Yake Wang , Xuanxuan Zhang , Jiaxin Liu , Xinfeng Li , Kun Liu , Hongyu Deng , Congcong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the protective effect of Vitamin U on liver injury induced by aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) in maternal mice. 25 pregnant ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups: the AFB<sub>1</sub> group (AF, 0.3 mg AFB<sub>1</sub>/kg b.w.), the Vitamin U group (U, 50 mg Vitamin U/kg b.w.), the AFB<sub>1</sub> + Vitamin U group (AU, 50 mg Vitamin U /kg b.w. + 0.3 mg AFB<sub>1</sub>/kg b.w.), the control group (DMSO), and the MOCK group (distilled water). They were administered substances by gavage every day for 28 days. Results indicated that exposure to AFB<sub>1</sub> increased the liver index and caused histological disruptions. Elevated serum levels of ALT and ALP were observed, along with a significant increase in liver MDA content and a decrease in GSH-Px and T-SOD levels. Moreover, the Keap1 and Hmox1 gene was downregulated with statistical significance, while the IL1β and TNFα gene were significantly upregulated. Vitamin U was demonstrated by the organized structure of liver cells in tissue slices, effectively reducing liver cell necrosis. This intervention was associated with a significant decrease in serum ALT and ALP activities, as well as a significant decrease in liver MDA content. Additionally, there were significant increases in liver T-SOD and GSH-Px levels, along with upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of Nfr2, Hmox1 and Keap1, and downregulation of mRNA expression of the IL1β gene. In summary, Vitamin U mitigated oxidative stress-induced liver injury by modulating the Nrf2/Hmox1 signaling pathway and inflammatory factors affected by AFB<sub>1</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105435
Yoshiyasu Takefuji
This tutorial, rooted in the context of livestock research, is designed to assist novice or non-programmers in visualizing trends in livestock exports between the US and Japan using Python and generative AI systems such as Microsoft's Copilot and Google's Gemini. The analysis of these trends plays a pivotal role in optimizing livestock production. The tutorial offers a thorough guide on preparing data using reliable federal datasets, generating Python code, and tackling potential issues such as overlapping data points. It effectively simplifies complex tasks into manageable steps and includes Python code in the appendices for easy reference. By enabling researchers to extract insights and make predictions from livestock data, this tutorial addresses a significant void in the existing literature. This innovative approach has the potential to transform the way researchers engage with and interpret livestock data, thereby making a substantial contribution to the field.
{"title":"Unveiling livestock trade trends: A beginner's guide to generative AI-powered visualization","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This tutorial, rooted in the context of livestock research, is designed to assist novice or non-programmers in visualizing trends in livestock exports between the US and Japan using Python and generative AI systems such as Microsoft's Copilot and Google's Gemini. The analysis of these trends plays a pivotal role in optimizing livestock production. The tutorial offers a thorough guide on preparing data using reliable federal datasets, generating Python code, and tackling potential issues such as overlapping data points. It effectively simplifies complex tasks into manageable steps and includes Python code in the appendices for easy reference. By enabling researchers to extract insights and make predictions from livestock data, this tutorial addresses a significant void in the existing literature. This innovative approach has the potential to transform the way researchers engage with and interpret livestock data, thereby making a substantial contribution to the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105433
Solmaz Karaarslan, Mehmet Kaya, M. Kenan Türkyılmaz
This study aims to analyze the impact of cooled perches and different floor types on broiler chicken welfare under high ambient temperatures. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 234 male broiler chickens. They were randomly assigned to two perch treatments (cooled and non-cooled) and three-floor treatments (slatted floor, zeolite, and wood shavings) with three replicates consisting of 13 broiler chickens each. The presence of cooled perches increased (P < 0.0001) the incidence of foot pad dermatitis. The incidence of foot pad dermatitis and hock burn in the treatment of slatted floor was higher (P < 0.0001). The litter moisture concentration was lower in the zeolite treatment at the end of the trial (P < 0.0001). Cooled perch availability in hot weather reduced (P = 0.006) the heterophil-lymphocyte ratio, indicating reduced stress levels. No significant effect of the floor types on stress levels was observed. Notably, an increase in perch-contacting behavior was observed in the presence of cooled perches (3rd, 4th, and 5th weeks P < 0.0001). In brief, cooled perches increased perch-contacting behavior and mitigated stress but increased foot pad dermatitis. Slatted floors negatively impacted footpad and hock health.
{"title":"Effects of cooled perch and different floor types on animal- and management-based welfare indicators, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, and perching behavior in broiler chickens reared at high ambient temperature","authors":"Solmaz Karaarslan, Mehmet Kaya, M. Kenan Türkyılmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to analyze the impact of cooled perches and different floor types on broiler chicken welfare under high ambient temperatures. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 234 male broiler chickens. They were randomly assigned to two perch treatments (cooled and non-cooled) and three-floor treatments (slatted floor, zeolite, and wood shavings) with three replicates consisting of 13 broiler chickens each. The presence of cooled perches increased (<em>P</em> < 0.0001) the incidence of foot pad dermatitis. The incidence of foot pad dermatitis and hock burn in the treatment of slatted floor was higher (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). The litter moisture concentration was lower in the zeolite treatment at the end of the trial (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Cooled perch availability in hot weather reduced (<em>P</em> = 0.006) the heterophil-lymphocyte ratio, indicating reduced stress levels. No significant effect of the floor types on stress levels was observed. Notably, an increase in perch-contacting behavior was observed in the presence of cooled perches (3rd, 4th, and 5th weeks <em>P</em> < 0.0001). In brief, cooled perches increased perch-contacting behavior and mitigated stress but increased foot pad dermatitis. Slatted floors negatively impacted footpad and hock health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a means of preventing mastitis, deep learning for classifying teat-end conditions in dairy cows has not yet been optimized. By using 1426 digital images of dairy cow udders, the extent of teat-end hyperkeratosis was assessed using a four-point scale. Several deep-learning networks based on the transfer learning approach have been used to evaluate the conditions of the teat ends displayed in the digital images. The images of the teat ends were partitioned into training (70 %) and validation datasets (15 %); afterwards, the network was evaluated based on the remaining test dataset (15 %). The results demonstrated that eight different ImageNet models consistently achieved high accuracy (80.3–86.6 %). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the normal, smooth, rough, and very rough classification scores in the test data set ranged from 0.825 to 0.999. Thus, improved accuracy in image-based classification of teat tissue conditions in dairy cattle using deep learning requires more training images. This method could help farmers reduce the risks of intramammary infections, decrease the use of antimicrobials, and better manage costs associated with mastitis detection and treatment.
{"title":"Deep-learning classification of teat-end conditions in Holstein cattle","authors":"Miho Takahashi, Akira Goto, Keiichi Hisaeda, Yoichi Inoue, Toshio Inaba","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a means of preventing mastitis, deep learning for classifying teat-end conditions in dairy cows has not yet been optimized. By using 1426 digital images of dairy cow udders, the extent of teat-end hyperkeratosis was assessed using a four-point scale. Several deep-learning networks based on the transfer learning approach have been used to evaluate the conditions of the teat ends displayed in the digital images. The images of the teat ends were partitioned into training (70 %) and validation datasets (15 %); afterwards, the network was evaluated based on the remaining test dataset (15 %). The results demonstrated that eight different ImageNet models consistently achieved high accuracy (80.3–86.6 %). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the normal, smooth, rough, and very rough classification scores in the test data set ranged from 0.825 to 0.999. Thus, improved accuracy in image-based classification of teat tissue conditions in dairy cattle using deep learning requires more training images. This method could help farmers reduce the risks of intramammary infections, decrease the use of antimicrobials, and better manage costs associated with mastitis detection and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105431
Murilo Duarte de Oliveira , Davidianne de Andrade Morais , Ana Milena César Lima , Nathália Maria de Andrade Magalhães , Nathanael Natércio da Costa Barnabé , Raimundo Rizaldo Pinheiro , Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves , Sérgio Santos de Azevedo , Clécio Henrique Limeira , Clebert José Alves
Leptospira spp. infection is a worldwide zoonosis that causes economic losses to goat rearing, mainly due to reproductive disorders. Hence, the objective of this research was to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in a goat milk-producing region in the states of Paraiba and Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. The microscopic agglutination test was used as serological method and risk factor analysis was carried out using univariable and multivariable analyses. Out of the 937 animals sampled, 102 (10.9 %; 95 % CI = 8.9–12.9 %) were seropositive for Leptospira spp. and the most frequent serogroups were Ballum (41.2 %; 95 % CI = 31.6–50.7 %), Icterohaemorrhagiae (25.5 %, 95 % CI = 17–33.9 %) and Semaranga (23.5 %, 95 % CI = 15.3–31.8 %), with antibody titres ranging from 1:50 to 1:200. Thirty-four of 51 herds (66.7 %; 95 % CI = 53.7–79.6 %) had at least one seropositive animal. The risk factor identified in the multivariable two-level random effect binary logistic regression was the animal being an adult (odds ratio = 4.2; 95 % CI = 1.93–9.13; P < 0.001). Our results provide important information on the epidemiology and risk factors associated with goat leptospirosis seroprevalence in one of the main Brazilian goat milk-producing regions. Furthermore, the need for adopting sanitary control measures, especially those involving sanitary management practices, is highlighted.
钩端螺旋体感染是一种世界性人畜共患病，主要由于繁殖障碍给山羊饲养造成经济损失。因此，本研究旨在确定巴西东北部帕拉伊巴州和伯南布哥州山羊奶产区钩端螺旋体病的血清流行率和相关风险因素。血清学方法采用显微凝集试验，风险因素分析采用单变量和多变量分析。在采样的 937 头动物中，102 头（10.9%；95 % CI = 8.9-12.9%）的钩端螺旋体血清反应呈阳性，最常见的血清群为 Ballum（41.2%；95 % CI = 31.6-50.7 %）、Icterohaemorrhagiae（25.5 %，95 % CI = 17-33.9 %）和 Semaranga（23.5 %，95 % CI = 15.3-31.8 %），抗体滴度从 1:50 到 1:200 不等。51 个畜群中有 34 个（66.7%；95 % CI = 53.7-79.6%）至少有一只动物血清反应呈阳性。在多变量两级随机效应二元逻辑回归中确定的风险因素是动物为成年动物（几率比 = 4.2; 95 % CI = 1.93-9.13; P
{"title":"Leptospirosis seroprevalence and associated risk factors in dairy goats in the Brazilian semi-arid region","authors":"Murilo Duarte de Oliveira , Davidianne de Andrade Morais , Ana Milena César Lima , Nathália Maria de Andrade Magalhães , Nathanael Natércio da Costa Barnabé , Raimundo Rizaldo Pinheiro , Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves , Sérgio Santos de Azevedo , Clécio Henrique Limeira , Clebert José Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Leptospira</em> spp. infection is a worldwide zoonosis that causes economic losses to goat rearing, mainly due to reproductive disorders. Hence, the objective of this research was to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in a goat milk-producing region in the states of Paraiba and Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. The microscopic agglutination test was used as serological method and risk factor analysis was carried out using univariable and multivariable analyses. Out of the 937 animals sampled, 102 (10.9 %; 95 % CI = 8.9–12.9 %) were seropositive for <em>Leptospira</em> spp. and the most frequent serogroups were Ballum (41.2 %; 95 % CI = 31.6–50.7 %), Icterohaemorrhagiae (25.5 %, 95 % CI = 17–33.9 %) and Semaranga (23.5 %, 95 % CI = 15.3–31.8 %), with antibody titres ranging from 1:50 to 1:200. Thirty-four of 51 herds (66.7 %; 95 % CI = 53.7–79.6 %) had at least one seropositive animal. The risk factor identified in the multivariable two-level random effect binary logistic regression was the animal being an adult (odds ratio = 4.2; 95 % CI = 1.93–9.13; <em>P</em> < 0.001). Our results provide important information on the epidemiology and risk factors associated with goat leptospirosis seroprevalence in one of the main Brazilian goat milk-producing regions. Furthermore, the need for adopting sanitary control measures, especially those involving sanitary management practices, is highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105430
Andrew Chong , Jessica Joshua , Shari Raheb , Ananda Pires , Michelle Colpitts , Jeff L. Caswell , Sonja Fonfara
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy in cats. The diagnosis can be difficult, requiring advanced echocardiographic skills. Additionally, circulating biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I) have several limitations when used for HCM screening. In previous work, we identified interleukin 18 (IL-18), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), brain-type glycogen phosphorylase B (PYGB), and WNT Family Member 5 A (WNT5A) as myocardial genes that show significant differential expression between cats with HCM and healthy cats. The products of these genes are released into the circulation, and we hypothesized that IL-18, IGFBP-2, PYGB, and WNT5A serum RNA and protein concentrations differ between healthy cats, cats with subclinical HCM, and those with HCM and congestive heart failure (HCM + CHF).
Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to evaluate gene and protein expression, respectively, in the serum of eight healthy controls, eight cats with subclinical HCM, and six cats with HCM + CHF. Serum IGFBP-2 RNA concentrations were significantly different among groups and were highest in cats with subclinical HCM. Compared to healthy controls, serum IL-18 and WNT5A gene expression were significantly higher in cats with HCM + CHF, and WNT5A was higher in cats with subclinical HCM. No differences were observed for PYGB.
These results indicate that further investigation via large scale clinical studies for IGFBP-2, WNT5A, and IL-18 may be valuable in diagnosing and staging feline HCM.
{"title":"Evaluation of potential novel biomarkers for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","authors":"Andrew Chong , Jessica Joshua , Shari Raheb , Ananda Pires , Michelle Colpitts , Jeff L. Caswell , Sonja Fonfara","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy in cats. The diagnosis can be difficult, requiring advanced echocardiographic skills. Additionally, circulating biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I) have several limitations when used for HCM screening. In previous work, we identified interleukin 18 (IL-18), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), brain-type glycogen phosphorylase B (PYGB), and WNT Family Member 5 A (WNT5A) as myocardial genes that show significant differential expression between cats with HCM and healthy cats. The products of these genes are released into the circulation, and we hypothesized that IL-18, IGFBP-2, PYGB, and WNT5A serum RNA and protein concentrations differ between healthy cats, cats with subclinical HCM, and those with HCM and congestive heart failure (HCM + CHF).</div><div>Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to evaluate gene and protein expression, respectively, in the serum of eight healthy controls, eight cats with subclinical HCM, and six cats with HCM + CHF. Serum IGFBP-2 RNA concentrations were significantly different among groups and were highest in cats with subclinical HCM. Compared to healthy controls, serum IL-18 and WNT5A gene expression were significantly higher in cats with HCM + CHF, and WNT5A was higher in cats with subclinical HCM. No differences were observed for PYGB.</div><div>These results indicate that further investigation via large scale clinical studies for IGFBP-2, WNT5A, and IL-18 may be valuable in diagnosing and staging feline HCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105432
M. Piñeiro , M. Matas-Quintanilla , A. Miralles , A.M. Gutiérrez
The purpose of the study is to develop a sensitive assay for the proper quantification of the acute phase protein Pig-MAP in pig saliva samples. A time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) was developed using two pig-MAP-specific monoclonal antibodies. The limit of detection of the assay was 4 ng/mL, enough to measure pig-MAP concentration in saliva. Precision was evaluated for saliva samples of low, medium and high concentration, with inter assay CV of 4–14 % and inter-assay CV of 8–20 %. The assay kept linearity under dilution and a method comparison study performed with serum samples showed good correlation with ELISA. Median Pig-MAP concentration in saliva from healthy animals was 19 ng/mL whereas in pigs with different inflammatory conditions was 11 times higher. In the same animals median pig-MAP serum concentrations were 0.72 mg/mL in the healthy group and 4.61 in the diseased group. The Spearman coefficient of correlation between Pig-MAP concentration in serum and saliva was of 0.72. A correlation was also observed between the salivary concentration of pig-MAP and other two acute phase proteins such as haptoglobin (r = 0.62) or C-reactive protein (r = 0.65). The concentration of Pig-MAP in saliva of pigs with severe respiratory disease decreased significantly from a median value of 128 ng/mL at the time of disease detection to 8 ng/mL after 1 day of antibiotic therapy. Studies performed show that pig-MAP is present in saliva and this specimen may be an alternative to serum for pig-MAP quantification.
{"title":"A sensitive immunoassay for the quantitation of Pig-MAP in pig saliva samples","authors":"M. Piñeiro , M. Matas-Quintanilla , A. Miralles , A.M. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of the study is to develop a sensitive assay for the proper quantification of the acute phase protein Pig-MAP in pig saliva samples. A time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) was developed using two pig-MAP-specific monoclonal antibodies. The limit of detection of the assay was 4 ng/mL, enough to measure pig-MAP concentration in saliva. Precision was evaluated for saliva samples of low, medium and high concentration, with inter assay CV of 4–14 % and inter-assay CV of 8–20 %. The assay kept linearity under dilution and a method comparison study performed with serum samples showed good correlation with ELISA. Median Pig-MAP concentration in saliva from healthy animals was 19 ng/mL whereas in pigs with different inflammatory conditions was 11 times higher. In the same animals median pig-MAP serum concentrations were 0.72 mg/mL in the healthy group and 4.61 in the diseased group. The Spearman coefficient of correlation between Pig-MAP concentration in serum and saliva was of 0.72. A correlation was also observed between the salivary concentration of pig-MAP and other two acute phase proteins such as haptoglobin (<em>r</em> = 0.62) or C-reactive protein (<em>r</em> = 0.65). The concentration of Pig-MAP in saliva of pigs with severe respiratory disease decreased significantly from a median value of 128 ng/mL at the time of disease detection to 8 ng/mL after 1 day of antibiotic therapy. Studies performed show that pig-MAP is present in saliva and this specimen may be an alternative to serum for pig-MAP quantification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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