Research in veterinary science最新文献

{"title":"Phenylalanine as a biomarker of disease in animals: Current evidence and future perspectives","authors":"James Mettam ,&nbsp;Nauman Zaheer Ghumman ,&nbsp;Bao-Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Henry Annandale ,&nbsp;Jully Gogoi-Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenylalanine (Phe), an essential aromatic amino acid, is emerging as a potential biomarker of metabolic and health status in animals. Altered Phe concentrations reflect changes in metabolic, inflammatory, and disease processes. In companion animals, shifts in serum or biofluid Phe have been linked to hepatopathies, inflammatory enteropathies, and neoplastic conditions. In livestock, variations in milk or serum Phe accompany mastitis, metabolic stress, lameness, and other production-related disorders. Evidence for cats, horses, poultry, and aquaculture species remains limited. Interpretation is complicated by analytical variability, small sample sizes, and confounding factors such as diet, stress, and microbiome composition.</div><div>Non-invasive sampling of milk, urine, saliva, and breath, shows promise for Phe monitoring across animal species. Advances in multi-omics, particularly metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiome analyses, can clarify mechanisms and support development of composite biomarker panels. This review evaluates current evidence on Phe as a biomarker across species, highlights gaps in research coverage and methodology, and outlines priorities for future work. Expanding studies to underrepresented species, standardizing measurement protocols, and conducting longitudinal research. Addressing these priorities is essential to establish Phe as a robust biomarker, for veterinary diagnostics, health monitoring, and the optimization of animal welfare and production systems.</div></div><div><h3>Short summary</h3><div>This review looks at phenylalanine (Phe), an amino acid, as a possible health indicator in animals. Changes in Phe levels may show problems with metabolism, inflammation, or disease. Evidence is strongest for dogs and dairy cows, but limited for cats, horses, poultry, and fish. Results vary due to measurement methods and other factors. Future studies should standardize testing, include more species, and combine methods to improve Phe's usefulness in monitoring animal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of fresh frozen plasma immunotherapy as an adjuvant treatment of neonatal sepsis in puppies","authors":"Keylla Helena Nobre Pacífico Pereira ,&nbsp;Kárita da Mata Fuchs ,&nbsp;Gleice Mendes Xavier ,&nbsp;Júlia Cosenza Mendonça ,&nbsp;Diogo Ribeiro Câmara ,&nbsp;Luiz Eduardo Cruz dos Santos Correia ,&nbsp;Paulo Fernandes Marcusso ,&nbsp;Fabiana Ferreira de Souza ,&nbsp;Márcio Garcia Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Maria Lucia Gomes Lourenço","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh frozen plasma (passive immunotherapy) on clinical and laboratorial findings in puppies treated for neonatal sepsis. A total of thirty-one puppies were included in this study, 16 were diagnosed with sepsis and treated either with plasma + antibiotic (plasma group, <em>n</em> = 7; PG) or antibiotic only (control group, <em>n</em> = 9; CG); whereas 15 were healthy neonates (HG). The groups were evaluated at the first appointment (M0), after 24 (M24), 48 (M48), 72 h (M72) and at the end of treatment (ME). At M0, neonates with sepsis presented a reduction (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in heart rate (HR), reflexes, blood glucose, body temperature, and leukocytes (leukopenia), with an increase (p &lt; 0.05) in lactate and troponin I, compared to HG puppies. During treatment, significant improvement of laboratory parameters was observed in PG compared to CG puppies, with higher IgM level at M24, and higher blood glucose and leukocyte count at M24 and M48 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). At ME, the lactate was lower in PG than CG puppies (p &lt; 0.05). There were no differences in the serum IgG or IgA concentrations among groups. Evaluating clinical and laboratory improvement between time points within the same group, differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) were observed in the PG puppies, which increased blood glucose, temperature, leukocytes count, and IgM at M24 compared to M0. In the CG, a decrease in IgM concentration was detected at M24 compared to M0 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Approximately 57% (4/7) of the neonates in the PG presented leukograms without alterations at M24. In the CG, leukograms without alterations were observed only at M72 in 55.5% (5/9) of the animals. The mortality rate was 22% (2/9) in the CG. There was no mortality in the PG. This was the first study using fresh frozen plasma as an adjuvant in the treatment of neonatal sepsis in dogs and evaluation of biomarkers in diagnosis. It was concluded that sepsis led to changes in the physiological parameters of neonatal dogs, demonstrating that the evaluation of leukocytes, troponin I and lactate can be used in the diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis. It was concluded that, besides being an important source of IgM, fresh frozen plasma stimulated healing of puppies with neonatal sepsis, by prompt (within 24 h) improvement in both clinical and laboratory parameters. Plasma therapy has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of sepsis and is a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing neonatal mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluated the immune efficacy of a bivalent inactivated vaccine against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine","authors":"Jianli Shi ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wu ,&nbsp;Yongming Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PMWS and MPS are severe respiratory diseases in piglets, causing developmental disorders and significant economic losses. The conventional approach to control these diseases relies on separate immunization with individual vaccines, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and may induce stress reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune efficacy of a bivalent inactivated vaccine containing the clinically isolated Mhp Q strain and purified PCV2 Cap VLPs. Thirty-five Changbai piglets were randomly divided into seven groups (<em>n</em> = 5, per group): A (bivalent inactivated vaccine with PCV2 challenged), B (bivalent inactivated vaccine with Mhp challenged), C (commercial PCV2 vaccine with PCV2 challenged), D (commercial Mps vaccine with Mhp challenged), E (sham-vaccinated with PCV2 challenged), F (sham-vaccinated with Mhp challenged), and G (sham-vaccinated with sham challenged). The immune efficacy results demonstrated that 5/5 protection with bivalent inactivated vaccine and 4/5 protection with commercial vaccine against PCV2 challenge, which was consistent with the serology results. The pneumonia lesion scores result demonstrated that the immune protection effect provided by the bivalent inactivated vaccine was comparable to that of the commercial Mps vaccines. Furthermore, the overall clinical trial results indicated that the bivalent inactivated vaccine was safe and controllable, with no adverse reactions observed in both age-matched and non-age-matched pigs. Following immunization, the pigs exhibited significant resistance to infections with both PCV2 and Mhp, reflecting a robust immunoprotective capacity. Collectively, these results support the bivalent inactivated vaccine as a safe and effective strategy for preventing and controlling PMWS and MPS, with promising potential for further clinical development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiparasitic practices in Portuguese animal shelters: A survey of veterinarians","authors":"Ana Luísa Martins ,&nbsp;Joana Mourão ,&nbsp;Irina Amorim ,&nbsp;Luís Cardoso ,&nbsp;João Rodrigo Mesquita","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal shelters often operate under significant resource constraints while caring for large populations of dogs and cats, many of whom are affected by parasitic infections that impact animal health and pose zoonotic risks. These limitations hinder the implementation of standardized, evidence-based parasite control protocols. This study surveyed veterinarians working in Portuguese shelters to describe current antiparasitic treatment practices and identify key limitations. A structured questionnaire was distributed to veterinarians in shelters or kennels affiliated with ICBAS, University of Porto, collecting data on animal populations, location, diagnostic testing, and antiparasitic drug use. A total of 41 responses were analysed. Additionally, a cost analysis was performed using 2024 wholesale antiparasitic treatment prices, based on average weights (20 kg dogs, 5 kg cats). Commercially available products were reviewed for active ingredients, target parasites, and cost per treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses; no inferential analyses were performed given the limited sample size. Ectoparasiticides were the most frequently used treatments, followed by broad-spectrum nematocides and cestocides. Only 12% of shelters reported conducting diagnostic testing prior to treatment. Drug selection was primarily influenced by cost and perceived efficacy. Commonly used compounds included praziquantel, pyrantel, fipronil, fenbendazole, and milbemycin oxime, several of which have reported resistance in parasite populations. Treatment costs ranged from €0.82 to €219 per dose for 20 kg dogs and €0.73 to €34.84 for 5 kg cats. The limited use of diagnostics and reliance on broad-spectrum drugs reflect a reactive rather than preventative approach. Findings underscore the need for improved diagnostic protocols and strategic drug selection to enhance parasite control and animal welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the nucleoli in the spermatocytes of three canid species","authors":"Katarzyna Andraszek ,&nbsp;Marta Kuchta-Gładysz ,&nbsp;Piotr Niedbała","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nucleolus is a structure of the cell nucleus associated mainly with ribosome biogenesis and indirectly responsible for protein biosynthesis. The nucleolus also plays a role in the regulation of cell growth and cell cycle progression, the detection and repair of DNA damage, and the export or degradation of mRNA. It is also involved in the most critical processes for the organism, such as ageing at the cellular level and broadly defined carcinogenesis. Analysis of the structure of nucleoli, which are the products of nucleolar organizer regions, can be an alternative source of information on the activity of rRNA-encoding genes. The material for the study was testes collected post mortem from sexually mature males of three canid species: silver fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>), blue fox (<em>Alopex lagopus</em>) and Chinese raccoon dog (<em>Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides</em>). The morphology and morphometry of nucleoli identified in early primary spermatocytes were analysed. The values for all morphometric parameters of the spermatocyte nucleus were lowest for the silver fox and highest for the raccoon dog. In the case of nucleolus parameters, the lowest values were found in the raccoon dog and the lowest in the blue fox. The size of the nucleoli and spermatocyte nucleus proved to be a species-specific trait associated with the karyotype and number of nucleolar organizer regions in the species. The nucleolus is believed to play an important role in controlling meiosis. It is involved in preventing chromosome segregation during crossing over, and proteins associated with the nucleoli identify damaged synaptonemal complexes. Epigenetic regulations at the level of the nucleolus and rRNA genes remain a crucial subject of genetic research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological factors of Eucoleus aerophilus infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from semi-arid Mediterranean environments","authors":"I. Arcenillas-Hernández ,&nbsp;M. Català-Barrasetas ,&nbsp;P. Pérez-Cutillas ,&nbsp;M.R. Ruiz de Ybáñez ,&nbsp;C. Martínez-Carrasco","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eucoleus aerophilus</em> is a ubiquitous zoonotic nematode found in the tracheobronchial mucosa of the definitive hosts, described in wild and domestic canids, including the red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>). To assess <em>E. aerophilus</em> occurrence and intensity in red foxes, the respiratory system of 126 foxes from Region of Murcia (SE, Spain) were examined. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the parasite's occurrence. The occurrence of <em>E. aerophilus</em> was 28.6% (95% CI: 20.6–36.4), with a mean intensity of 3.1 nematodes per parasitised fox. The infection rate and parasite intensity were higher in forested areas, suggesting that earthworm abundance and a longer survival of infective <em>E. aerophilus</em> eggs increase the risk of transmission and maintenance in the environment. Moreover, an inverse relationship between <em>E. aerophilus</em> occurrence and temperature (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) was observed. Results demonstrated that foxes participate in maintaining the cycle of <em>E. aerophilus</em> in semi-arid Mediterranean environments. This should be taken into account at the wild-domestic-human interface. The development of a predictive model of <em>E. aerophilus</em> infection risk in red foxes will allow the design of future strategies for the prevention of capillariosis, especially in areas where contact between foxes, domestic carnivores, and humans exists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence, molecular characterization, biotyping, and associated risk factors of bovine viral diarrhea in dairy cattle in Bangladesh","authors":"Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana ,&nbsp;Md Saiful Islam ,&nbsp;Belayet Hossain ,&nbsp;Abdul Ahad ,&nbsp;David J. Hampson ,&nbsp;Sam Abraham ,&nbsp;Subir Sarker ,&nbsp;Jully Gogoi-Tiwari ,&nbsp;Jasim M. Uddin","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is globally endemic, with the ability to establish persistent infection (PI) being central to its complex epidemiology. Currently the genetic variability of BVDV in Bangladesh remains poorly understood. This study involved a survey in commercial dairy herds in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh in 2024/2025. A total of 373 blood samples were collected from cattle in 24 dairy herds. Serum and buffy coat samples were analyzed using antibody-ELISA and RT-qPCR targeting the 5′-UTR region, followed by sequencing. The MDBK cell line was used for virus isolation and biotyping. Herd and animal-level seroprevalences were 83.3% and 15.3%, respectively, while the corresponding viremic rates were 79.2% and 11.0%. Analysis of 41 sequences identified nine distinct BVDV-1 subgenotypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1 k, 1p, 1o, and 1v), with BVDV-1b (41.5%) and BVDV-2a (14.6%) predominating. Additionally, five HoBiPeV-a pestiviruses were detected. Among antigen-positive cattle, 38 (92.68%) were identified as transiently infected and 3 (7.3%) were confirmed as PI. Six (14.6%) and 27 (65.9%) were identified as cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes, respectively. Risk factors for BVDV seropositivity included: female sex (OR: 3.0), clinical disease in the past three months (OR: 2.4), crowding (OR: 2.9), and lack of dedicated clothing for farm workers (OR: 5.7). Active infection was associated with calves (OR: 6.2), heifers (OR: 2.3), stunted growth (OR: 3.0), technician-performed artificial insemination (OR: 10.4), and frequent neighboring farm visits (OR: 3.1). This study has provided data crucial for formulating prevention and control strategies against BVDV to safeguard the Bangladeshi dairy industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroretinographic measures and their correlation with retinal vascular calibers in bitches with pyometra-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome","authors":"Fábio Dumit Pizzinatto ,&nbsp;Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Bianca Eidt Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Emilio Fernandes Rodrigues Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyometra is characterized by a uterine inflammatory process that leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS (P-SIRS) develop marked retinal microvascular alterations that may affect ERG findings. Therefore, this study aimed to assess potential changes in implicit times, wave amplitudes in pyometra-induced SIRS. Furthermore, we evaluated possible correlations between retinal vascular calibers and ERG parameters in the same patients. A prospective observational study was conducted on 14 bitches diagnosed with P-SIRS and 10 clinically healthy bitches (CG). In the P-SIRS group, the caliber of the retinal arterioles was significantly smaller (<em>p</em> = 0.0004), whereas venules were significantly larger (<em>p</em> = 0.008). The amplitude of the a-wave in the mixed rod–cone response was significantly smaller in the P-SIRS group compared to the CG (<em>p</em> = 0.03). The a-wave implicit times in the mixed rod–cone response were negatively correlated with both retinal arteriolar (<em>p</em> = 0.01) and venular (<em>p</em> = 0.03) calibers (Table 5; Fig. 3). Positive correlations were also observed between arteriolar (<em>p</em> = 0.04) and venular (<em>p</em> = 0.01) calibers and photoreceptor negative response (PhNR). This study demonstrated that retinal arteriolar constriction and venular dilation in pyometra-induced SIRS reduces the a-wave amplitude in the mixed rod–cone response. The observed correlations between retinal vascular calibers and the implicit times of the a- and b-waves, as well as between PhNR and vessel calibers, suggest that SIRS-induced changes in retinal vasculature can alter retinal blood flow, which is reflected in ERG parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrauterine oxygen/ozone mixture for the treatment of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeder cows","authors":"Alice Carbonari ,&nbsp;Matteo Burgio ,&nbsp;Lorenza Frattina ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Cicirelli ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Iarussi ,&nbsp;Maria Tempesta ,&nbsp;Maria Stella Lucente ,&nbsp;Annalisa Rizzo ,&nbsp;Grazia Greco","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Repeat Breeder Syndrome is a multifactorial condition in which subclinical endometritis (SCE) may represent an underlying cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an intrauterine oxygen/ozone gas mixture administered at heat in Repeat Breeder (RB) cows with SCE. Of 156 RB cows, 57 affected with SCE based on cytological evaluation using the cytobrush technique were enrolled in the controlled clinical trial. These cows were randomly allocated, using randomization software, into two groups including treated (GM; 30) and untreated (CON; 27) animals. The intrauterine bacteria occurrence was monitored before (T0) and 12 h (T12) after treatment, along with an evaluation of reproductive parameters after the 1st and 2nd artificial insemination (AI). At T0, both groups showed similar bacterial positivity rates (12/30, 40% GM vs. 14/27, 51.85% CON; <em>p</em> = 0.43). At T12, all GM-positive cows had cleared cultivable bacteria, whereas all CON-positive cows remained bacteriological positive (<em>p</em> = 0.00001). This result indicated a 100% in-vivo clearance of cultivable bacteria. Furthermore, increasing pregnancy percentages were recorded after the 1st and 2nd AI in GM group (9/30, 30% and 9/21, 43%, respectively; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) compared to the CON group (2/27, 7% and 1/25, 4%, respectively; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div><div>Overall, these preliminary findings suggest that intrauterine ozone therapy may represent a promising complementary tool for the management of SCE in RB cows, although further studies are required to confirm its efficacy and long-term benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary phthalate metabolite concentrations in the hair of dairy cows in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Slawomir Gonkowski ,&nbsp;Nariste Kadyralieva ,&nbsp;Elena Vakonaki ,&nbsp;Thomas Lamprakis ,&nbsp;Manolis Tzatzarakis","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phthalates are commonly used in industry, contaminating the environment and harming living organisms. However, there is very limited information regarding farm animal exposure to these chemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of primary phthalate metabolites (monomethyl phthalate - MMP, monoethyl phthalate - MEP, mono-isobutyl phthalate - MiBP, monobutyl phthalate - MBP, monobenzyl phthalate - MBzP, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate - MCHP and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate - MEHP) in dairy cows' hair. Hair samples were collected from dairy cows bred in three regions of Kyrgyzstan. Phthalate metabolite levels were analysed using the liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method.</div><div>Phthalate metabolites were detected in dairy cow hair. MEHP was the most frequently observed (in 70.8% of samples), with a mean concentration (±standard deviation) of 27.3 ± 27.8 pg/mg. MiBP and MBP were found less frequently (in 60.4% of samples), with mean concentrations of 50.7 ± 103.9 pg/mg and 18.8 ± 31.7 pg/mg, respectively. MMP and MBzP were noted in 15% and 2.1% of the samples, respectively, and their mean concentrations were below the limit of detection (LOD). MEP and MCHP were not observed in hair samples in this study. Statistically significant differences in MEHP levels were noted between the regions included in the study.</div><div>The study has demonstrated that hair analysis is a suitable method for biomonitoring phthalates in cow's hair. Moreover, it has been shown that dairy cows in Kyrgyzstan are primarily exposed to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate, which are the parent substances of MEHP, MiBP, and MBP, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}