Research in veterinary science最新文献_第4页

Biomechanical evaluation of a cemented femoral stem for canine total hip replacement across two breeds 两个犬种全髋关节置换术中骨水泥股骨干的生物力学评价。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106057

K.S. Kamalesh Kumar , Rohit Kumar , T. Sai Kumar , Aman Kumar Tiwari , Abhishek C. Saxena , O.R. Vinodh Kumar , Bhanu Pratap Singh , Abhijit Pawde , Amarpal

Cemented total hip replacement (THR) remains an established procedure for restoring hip joint function in dogs with degenerative or traumatic coxofemoral disease; however, limited evidence exists regarding the mechanical integrity and load-transfer characteristics of cemented femoral stem constructs within native canine femora. This study critically evaluated the biomechanical performance of a novel modular cemented femoral stem using cadaveric femora from German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs) and Labrador Retrievers (LABs), emphasizing axial, bending, and torsional behaviors in correlation with radiographic and morphometric parameters. Eighteen pairs of adult canine femora were harvested postmortem, with one side implanted following standardized second-generation cementation protocols and the contralateral side retained intact. Following radiographic and CT-based templating, specimens underwent displacement-controlled axial compression, three-point bending, and torsion tests. Cemented implantation significantly reduced ultimate compressive, bending, and torsional strengths compared to intact femora (p < 0.05), though stiffness remained unaffected, suggesting preservation of elastic response despite altered failure thresholds. GSD femora consistently exhibited greater load-bearing capacity, yield strength, and energy absorption than LABs, reflecting breed-specific variations in cortical geometry and canal morphology. Radiographs confirmed precise stem alignment, uniform cement mantles averaging 5 mm, and consistent canal fill exceeding 60 %, indicative of optimized cementation. Failure patterns transitioned from brittle cortical fractures in intact specimens to ductile interfacial shear at the bone-cement interface in implanted constructs, demonstrating efficient load redistribution through the composite system. Collectively, these findings highlight the mechanical reliability and breed-dependent adaptability of the cemented THR system, supporting its translational potential for achieving durable fixation and functional load transfer in canine clinical applications while offering valuable insights relevant to comparative orthopedic biomechanics.

骨水泥全髋关节置换术（THR）仍然是恢复退行性或外伤性髋股疾病犬髋关节功能的一种成熟手术；然而，关于原生犬股骨内骨水泥股骨干结构的机械完整性和载荷传递特性的证据有限。本研究利用德国牧羊犬（gsd）和拉布拉多猎犬（LABs）的尸体股骨，严格评估了新型模块化骨水泥股骨干的生物力学性能，强调了轴向、弯曲和扭转行为与x线摄影和形态测量参数的相关性。18对成年犬股骨在死后取出，一侧按照标准化的第二代骨水泥方案植入，对侧完整保留。在x线摄影和基于ct的模板之后，标本进行了位移控制的轴向压缩、三点弯曲和扭转测试。与完整股骨相比，骨水泥植入显著降低了最终的抗压、弯曲和扭转强度(p

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引用次数: 0

The availability of outdoor spaces enhances social play in dairy cows 室外空间的可用性增强了奶牛的社交性

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106048

Alfredo Di Lucrezia , Daria Lotito , Valeria Iervolino , Pietro Lombardi , Biagio D'Aniello , Vincenzo Mastellone

Social behaviors are widely recognized as valuable indicators of animal welfare. This study examined the behavioral profiles of two groups of cows: one with daytime access to an open outdoor area and one housed exclusively in a free-stall barn. Observations were conducted when both groups were in the same indoor environment, allowing for a direct comparison of their behavioral expressions. Cows with outdoor access engaged significantly more in social play, while no statistically significant differences were observed for other social behaviors such as allogrooming, social rubbing, or submission/avoidance. Since play behavior typically emerges under favorable psychological conditions, these findings suggest that outdoor access during the day contributes to enhanced psychological wellbeing, with positive effects that persist even when cows return to the confined barn setting. In contrast, negative social interactions such as submission/ avoidance were expressed at similar levels across both groups, indicating that access to open space may not be sufficient to mitigate all forms of social stress.

社会行为被广泛认为是动物福利的有价值的指标。这项研究检查了两组奶牛的行为特征：一组白天可以进入露天区域，另一组只饲养在自由马厩里。观察时，两组在相同的室内环境，允许直接比较他们的行为表达。有户外活动的奶牛明显更多地参与社交游戏，而在其他社交行为（如异体梳理、社交摩擦或服从/回避）方面没有统计学上的显著差异。由于玩耍行为通常出现在良好的心理条件下，这些研究结果表明，白天的户外活动有助于增强心理健康，即使奶牛回到密闭的谷仓环境，其积极影响也会持续存在。相比之下，消极的社会互动，如服从/回避，在两个群体中表达的水平相似，这表明进入开放空间可能不足以减轻所有形式的社会压力。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of Brucella spp. in compost-bedding pack barn and its relationship with infections in dairy cows during the transition period 过渡时期堆肥垫料堆场布鲁氏菌的检测及其与奶牛感染的关系

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106047

Marcilene Daniel Damasceno , Maysa Serpa Gonçalves , Maria Eduarda de Souza Teixeira Campos , Amanda Carvalho Rosado Ferreira , Dircéia Aparecida Costa Custódio , Eduarda Moraes Magossi Silva , Vivian Aparecida Malta , Alice Gonçalves dos Reis , Bruno Borges Silva , Ana Clara de Serpa Carvalho , Júlia Lima Paz , Pedro Felipe Rodrigues e Oliveira , Bruno Campos de Carvalho , Guilherme Nunes Souza , Carine Rodrigues Pereira , Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles , Alessandro de Sá Guimarães

Compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) is a used intensive system for dairy cow confinement, however, information about the possible role of the bed in the maintenance and transmission of pathogens among housed animals is still scarce. This study investigates the presence of Brucella spp. in dairy cows in the transition period housed in CBP and the detection of the pathogen in the CBP. The analyzes were conducted using samples of CBP and samples from cows up to 45 days post-partum from 20 different farms in Goiás and Minas Gerais states, Brazil. Animals were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. Samples of vaginal swab, endometrial sample and CBP were tested for the presence of Brucella spp. using conventional PCR targeting the bscp31 gene, as a screening test, and the real-time PCR targeting the IS711 gene, as confirmatory test. A total of 16 [16/20 (80 %)] properties exhibited at least one positive animal in at least one test (serology or molecular tests), and four [4/20 (25 %)] of these properties had at least one positive animal in at least two tests performed. Additionally, three CBP [3/44 (6.88 %)] showed PCR positive result to Brucella spp. The results demonstrated the presence of Brucella spp. in sample collected from dairy cows in transition period housed in CBP and the bed of the system, suggesting the CBP may have a role in brucellosis transmission in the system, by favoring the spread of the agent and transmission to other housed cows.

堆肥床窝（CBP）是一种用于奶牛禁闭的集约化系统，然而，关于床在饲养动物之间维持和传播病原体方面可能发挥的作用的信息仍然很少。本研究调查了饲养过渡期奶牛的布鲁氏菌感染情况及在CBP内的病原体检测情况。对来自巴西Goiás和米纳斯吉拉斯州20个不同农场的CBP样本和产后45天的奶牛样本进行了分析。对动物进行了抗布鲁氏菌抗体检测。对阴道拭子样本、子宫内膜样本和CBP样本进行布鲁氏菌的检测，采用常规PCR检测bscp31基因作为筛选试验，实时PCR检测IS711基因作为确认试验。共有16种[16/20(80%)]特性在至少一项试验（血清学或分子试验）中至少有一种动物呈阳性，其中4种[4/20(25%)]特性在至少两项试验中至少有一种动物呈阳性。另外，3头CBP[3/44(6.88%)]对布鲁氏菌的PCR检测结果呈阳性，表明在隔离区和隔离区床床的过渡期奶牛样本中均存在布鲁氏菌，提示CBP可能在隔离区布鲁氏菌病的传播中发挥了作用，有利于病原体的传播并传播给其他圈养奶牛。

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引用次数: 0

Establishment of detection method of chicken infectious anemia virus based on CRISPR/Cas12a system 基于CRISPR/Cas12a系统的鸡传染性贫血病毒检测方法的建立。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106046

Chenchen Sheng , Jingfang Wang , Mengyuan Tan , jingwen Zhang , Mengran Sun , Jiumeng Sun , Ying Shao , Jian Tu , Liangqiang Zhu , Xiangjun Song

Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV) causes chicken infectious anemia, characterized by anemia and immune dysfunction. The rapid dissemination of this virus is generating substantial economic consequences for poultry producers.

The CRISPR/Cas12a system is widely used for virus detection through crRNA-guided target recognition and the paracrine activity of Cas12a. To enable rapid and highly sensitive detection of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV), a CRISPR-Cas12a-based fluorescence assay was refined. Through optimization of the CRISPR/Cas12a system and integration of enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA), the assay achieved a detection limit of 1 copy/μL, demonstrating its significant utility for CIAV diagnostics. In addition, a CRISPR/Cas12a lateral flow assay was developed and optimized, achieving a sensitivity of 10^3 copies/μL for the rapid and visual detection of target analytes. This technique exhibits high specificity for CIAV, showing no cross-reactivity with other chicken viruses. Overall, the system enables rapid CIAV detection with cost-effective equipment, making it suitable for virus monitoring.

鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV）引起鸡传染性贫血，以贫血和免疫功能障碍为特征。这种病毒的迅速传播正在给家禽生产者造成严重的经济后果。CRISPR/Cas12a系统通过crrna引导的靶标识别和Cas12a的旁分泌活性被广泛用于病毒检测。为了快速、高灵敏度地检测鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV），改进了一种基于crispr - cas12的荧光检测方法。通过对CRISPR/Cas12a系统的优化和酶重组酶扩增（ERA）的整合，该方法的检出限达到1拷贝/μL，证明了其在CIAV诊断中的重要应用。此外，建立并优化了CRISPR/Cas12a横向流动检测方法，灵敏度为10^3 copies/μL，可快速、直观地检测目标分析物。该技术对CIAV具有高特异性，与其他鸡病毒无交叉反应性。总体而言，该系统能够使用经济高效的设备快速检测CIAV，使其适用于病毒监测。

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引用次数: 0

Escherichia coli strains from wild birds in Türkiye: Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and phylogroups 来自<s:1>基耶野生鸟类的大肠杆菌菌株：抗生素耐药性、毒力因子和系群。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106045

Doğancan Yarım, Emre Karakaya, Fuat Aydın, Seçil Abay

This study aimed to isolate and identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the feces of wild bird species and to determine antibiotic susceptibilities, phylogroups, and virulence genes in the isolates obtained.

For this purpose, a total of 575 fecal samples from 100 Eurasian Tree Sparrow, 250 Eurasian Jackdaw, 156 Eurasian Magpie, 4 Short-toed Snake-Eagle, 60 Rock dove, and 5 Long-legged Buzzard were used. E. coli isolation was performed using direct inoculation on MacConkey agar. The isolates were identified through phenotypic tests, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The susceptibility of the isolates to nine antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. Phylogroups and the presence of virulence genes were determined by Clermont typing and the multiplex PCR (mPCR) methods, respectively. Among 575 feces samples, E. coli was isolated from 37 (6.43 %). The highest antibiotic resistance was found in ampicillin, azithromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 35.1 %. Moreover, 43.2 % of the E. coli isolates were detected as Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), and these isolates exhibited 13 different MDR patterns by demonstrating resistance to three to eight various antibiotic classes. While the most common phylogroup detected among isolates was A (18.9 %), none belonged to phylogroups C and F. 72.9 % had at least one virulence gene. The most frequently detected virulence gene was stx1 + stx2 (32.4 %), and all isolates were negative for bfpA and lt genes.

In conclusion, considering the role of birds of prey in the ecological balance, the data obtained in this study suggest that wild birds may contribute to the spread of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains globally.

本研究旨在从野生鸟类粪便中分离和鉴定大肠杆菌（E. coli），并对分离得到的菌株进行抗生素敏感性、系统群和毒力基因的测定。为此，共收集了100只欧亚树雀、250只欧亚寒鸦、156只欧亚喜鹊、4只短趾蛇鹰、60只岩鸽和5只长腿秃鹰的粪便样本575份。采用麦康基琼脂直接接种法分离大肠杆菌。通过表型检测、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）和聚合酶链反应（PCR）对分离菌株进行鉴定。采用纸片扩散法测定菌株对9种抗生素的药敏。分别用clemont分型法和多重PCR （mPCR）法测定系统群和毒力基因的存在。575份粪便标本中，检出大肠杆菌37份（6.43%）。抗生素耐药性最高的是氨苄西林、阿奇霉素和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑，占35.1%。此外，43.2%的大肠杆菌分离株被检测为耐多药（MDR），这些分离株表现出13种不同的耐多药模式，对3至8种不同的抗生素类具有耐药性。在分离株中检测到的最常见的系统群是A(18.9%)，而不属于系统群C和f。72.9%至少有一个毒力基因。最常见的毒力基因为stx1 + stx2(32.4%)，所有分离株bfpA和lt基因均为阴性。综上所述，考虑到猛禽在生态平衡中的作用，本研究获得的数据表明，野生鸟类可能促进了致病性和耐药大肠杆菌菌株在全球的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary nano‑chromium picolinate enhances interferon-gamma expression in heat-stressed broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease 饲粮纳米吡啶甲酸铬可提高接种新城疫热应激肉鸡的干扰素γ表达。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106044

Farhad Hajializadeh , Alireza Talebi , Raziallah Jafari Jozani

Poultry immunity is negatively impacted by heat stress (HS), resulting in reduced efficacy of vaccines. In this study, we determined whether dietary chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic) and the nano formulation (Nano-CrPic) could help alleviate the negative effects of HS on cellular immunity in vaccinated broilers against Newcastle disease (ND). Ross 308 broilers were subjected to continuing heat exposure and received supplementations of either CrPic or Nano-CrPic at 500, 1000, or 1500 ppb. Following ND vaccination, we quantified the expression of IFN-γ mRNA from splenic tissues. Importantly, IFN-γ expression increased between about 2.5–4 fold in vaccinated versus control broilers at 3 days after vaccination. In addition, under HS conditions, Nano-CrPic at 500 and 1000 ppb increased IFN-γ expression by 35–50 % compared to broilers in the HS Controls (p < 0.01) and 20–30 % compared to broilers fed traditional CrPic at comparable levels of supplementation. On the other hand, no significant change in IFN-γ expression was observed following either CrPic or Nano-CrPic supplementation in non-vaccinated birds. Supplementation with Nano-CrPic at the highest-level of 1500 ppb had diminished enhancements on IFN-γ expression, suggesting a non-linear dose-response pattern. The findings indicate that dietary supplementation using Nano-CrPic at 500–1000 ppb provides a practical means of improving cellular immunity responses that are generated after vaccination, particularly in heat-stressed broilers, thereby improving potential vaccination response under heat stress.

家禽的免疫力受到热应激（HS）的负面影响，导致疫苗的效力降低。在本研究中，我们研究了饲粮中添加吡啶甲酸铬（CrPic）和纳米配方（nano -CrPic）是否有助于缓解HS对接种新城疫（ND）肉鸡细胞免疫的负面影响。Ross 308肉鸡接受持续的热暴露，并接受500、1000或1500 ppb的CrPic或纳米CrPic补充。接种ND疫苗后，我们定量分析脾脏组织中IFN-γ mRNA的表达。重要的是，在接种疫苗后3天，接种疫苗的肉鸡的IFN-γ表达量比对照增加了约2.5-4倍。此外，在HS条件下，与HS对照组相比，500和1000 ppb的纳米crpic使IFN-γ的表达增加了35- 50%

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引用次数: 0

Remedial effects of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Arthrospira platensis against Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) toxicity on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) 平节螺旋藻细胞外聚合物（EPS）对浅头海鲷（Sparus aurata）邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）毒性的治疗作用

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106041

Amira Bemri , Fethi Jebali , Jihene Ammar , Tahar Gharred , Jamel Jebali , Hamadi Guerbej , Hatem Ben Ouada , Zied Bouraoui

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is an organic compound of phthalate, commonly used in the production of various plastic materials and its detrimental effects on marine ecosystems and human health have a great concern. Bioactive compounds derived from microalgae have numerous biological and pharmacological activities and their remedial role in alleviating the adverse effects of toxicity induced by environmental and other agents has also been reported. Thus, in this work, we carried out studies to ascertain if exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from Arthrospira platensis (Cyanobacteria) would ameliorate DBP-induced toxicity in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), used as model organism, focusing on growth performance, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, histopathological changes in liver and intestine, and muscle nutritional quality. Firstly, fish in triplicate were fed separately a supplemented diet with 0 % (control group) and 6 % of EPS (EPS group) for 21 days. Consequently, each group were intraperitoneally exposed to DBP at a concentration of 85 μg /kg body weight. The results showed that DBP impaired growth, induced antioxidant-oxidative stress imbalance and caused genotoxicity and liver and intestine damage. Also, DBP disrupted muscle proximate composition and fatty acid profiles. Interestingly, feeding the DBP-exposed fish with EPS partially restored, histopathological damage in liver and intestine, antioxidant markers, lipid balance, notably improving the ω3/ω6 ratio, likely through EPS's antioxidant and metabolic regulatory effects.

Overall, this study offered further insights on the antioxidative and chemopreventive properties of exopolysaccharides (EPS) extracted from Arthrospira platensis to modulate fish health and to enhance growth and protect against DBP-induced toxicity.

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）是邻苯二甲酸酯的一种有机化合物，常用于生产各种塑料材料，其对海洋生态系统和人类健康的有害影响已引起极大关注。从微藻中提取的生物活性化合物具有许多生物学和药理学活性，在减轻环境和其他物质引起的毒性不良影响方面也有报道。因此，在这项工作中，我们进行了研究，以确定从Arthrospira platensis（蓝藻）中提取的外多糖（EPS）是否会改善dbp诱导的对作为模式生物的gilhead seabream （Sparus aurata）的毒性，重点研究生长性能、氧化应激、神经毒性、肝脏和肠道的组织病理学变化以及肌肉营养质量。首先，3个重复分别饲喂添加0%（对照组）和6% EPS （EPS组）的饲料，为期21 d。因此，各组腹腔内暴露于浓度为85 μg /kg体重的DBP。结果表明，DBP损害生长，诱导抗氧化应激失衡，造成遗传毒性和肝、肠损伤。此外，DBP破坏了肌肉的近端组成和脂肪酸谱。有趣的是，给暴露于dbp的鱼喂食EPS可以部分恢复肝脏和肠道的组织病理学损伤、抗氧化标志物、脂质平衡，显著改善ω3/ω6比率，这可能是通过EPS的抗氧化和代谢调节作用。总的来说，本研究进一步揭示了从platarthrospira platensis中提取的外多糖（EPS）的抗氧化和化学预防特性，以调节鱼类健康，促进生长和保护免受dbp诱导的毒性。

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引用次数: 0

A field observational study evaluating antemortem inspection as a predictive tool for postmortem lesion findings at a Portuguese pig abattoir 在葡萄牙猪屠宰场进行的一项实地观察研究，评估死前检查作为死后病变发现的预测工具

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106043

Márcia Santos Nunes , Abbey Olsen , Rui Pedro Cordeiro , Madalena Vieira-Pinto

Risk-based inspection of pigs at the abattoir depends on accurately identifying high-risk animals before slaughter. Food Chain Information (FCI) provides data on farm management, animal health, and treatments that can support this process; however, its limited completeness and reliability highlight the need for complementary approaches. Antemortem (AM) conditions may serve as practical predictors of postmortem (PM) lesions, supporting the development of risk-based inspection systems. This study investigated the potential of AM inspection in detecting PM lesions in finisher pigs, slaughtered at a commercial abattoir in Portugal. Data were collected from 62 batches (n = 9542 pigs) for a cross-sectional study, and 245 pigs for a case control study. Detection of coughing, skin lesions, and growth retardation was significantly higher when pigs were inspected from inside the pens, compared with unloading or outside the pens observations. At batch-level coughing at AM inspection was associated with a higher number of PM lesions, particularly pneumonia (OR = 1.08) and pleurisy (OR = 1.03). At animal-level, AM conditions showed consistent associations with PM lesions, including coughing with pneumonia (OR = 6.7), and lung lesion (OR = 6.2), lameness with arthritis (OR = 14.9) and growth retardation with several PM lesions. These findings are consistent with those reported in other countries and confirm that specific AM conditions can reliably predict certain PM lesions, contributing to the refinement of risk-based inspection approaches in Portugal.

在屠宰场对猪进行基于风险的检查取决于在屠宰前准确识别高风险动物。食物链信息（FCI）提供有关农场管理、动物健康和治疗的数据，支持这一进程；然而，其有限的完整性和可靠性突出了对补充方法的需求。死前（AM）条件可以作为死后（PM）病变的实际预测指标，支持基于风险的检查系统的发展。本研究调查了AM检查在葡萄牙一家商业屠宰场屠宰的育肥猪中检测PM病变的潜力。横断面研究收集了62批次（n = 9542头猪）的数据，病例对照研究收集了245头猪的数据。在猪圈内检查时，咳嗽、皮肤损伤和生长迟缓的检出率明显高于在猪圈外或猪圈外观察时的检出率。在批量水平上，AM检查时咳嗽与PM病变数量增加有关，特别是肺炎（OR = 1.08）和胸膜炎（OR = 1.03）。在动物水平上，AM条件与PM病变一致，包括肺炎咳嗽（OR = 6.7），肺部病变（OR = 6.2），关节炎跛行（OR = 14.9）和几种PM病变的生长迟缓。这些发现与其他国家报道的结果一致，并证实了特定的AM条件可以可靠地预测某些PM病变，有助于改进葡萄牙基于风险的检查方法。

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引用次数: 0

Wild UK deer as carriers of livestock lameness associated pathogens 野生英国鹿是家畜跛行相关病原体的携带者。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106042

Simon R. Clegg , Andrew S. Cooke , Elektra Poluha , Stefan H. Millson , Joseph W. Angell , Nicholas J. Evans

Lameness is one of the major diseases on UK farms and worldwide and can be caused by environmental damage and/or infection. The pathogens associated with infectious lameness, namely Fusobacterium necrophorum, Dichelobacter nodosus and pathogenic Treponema species are responsible for substantial economic losses. The lack of knowledge on reservoirs of these pathogens is concerning and wild deer may pose a potential risk for livestock infection. This study investigated the prevalence of lameness associated bacteria on the feet of culled wild deer using molecular methods and subsequent isolation to characterise bacteria and allow comparison to livestock pathogens. With the exception of Treponema medium, all the other pathogens were detected on deer feet with sika deer carrying the fewest pathogens and muntjac and roe carrying the most. Muntjac deer were significantly more likely than other deer species to carry F. necrophorum. Body condition score was a significant factor associated with pathogen carriage, with a higher body condition score leading to lower pathogen carriage. Identical treponemes based on 16S rRNA genes were isolated to those found in cattle and sheep. The assessment of the antimicrobials which the Treponema isolates were susceptible to, showed a high similarity to those previously reported in livestock, thus further suggesting carriage of similar bacteria. This study shows that wild deer within the UK are carriers for lameness bacteria but are asymptomatic. The infection risk which these wild ruminant ungulates pose to livestock species requires further research. This study begins to suggest a potential wildlife reservoir for lameness associated bacteria.

跛行是英国农场和世界范围内的主要疾病之一，可由环境破坏和/或感染引起。与感染性跛行相关的病原体，即坏死梭杆菌、结节双杆菌和致病性密螺旋体，造成了巨大的经济损失。缺乏对这些病原体宿主的了解令人担忧，野鹿可能对牲畜感染构成潜在风险。本研究利用分子方法和随后的分离方法调查了被扑杀的野鹿足上与跛行相关的细菌的流行情况，以确定细菌的特征，并与牲畜病原体进行比较。除密螺旋体培养基外，其余病原体均在鹿足上检出，其中梅花鹿携带病原体最少，麂和狍子携带最多。与其他鹿种相比，麂鹿携带坏死镰孢菌的可能性更大。体况评分是影响病原菌携带量的显著因素，体况评分越高，病原菌携带量越低。基于16S rRNA基因的相同的密螺旋体被分离到牛和羊身上。对密螺旋体分离株易感染的抗菌素的评估显示，这些抗菌素与以前在牲畜中报道的抗菌素高度相似，从而进一步表明携带了类似的细菌。这项研究表明，在英国的野鹿是跛足细菌的携带者，但没有症状。这些野生反刍有蹄类动物对牲畜造成的感染风险需要进一步研究。这项研究开始提示跛足相关细菌的潜在野生水库。

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引用次数: 0

Bioactive components of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract enhance immunity, health, and production parameters in broilers 印楝叶提取物的生物活性成分可提高肉鸡的免疫力、健康状况和生产参数

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106040

Md. Shafiqul Islam, Md. Abu Rayhan Parvez, Saiful Islam, Md. Tanvir Hasan, Md. Ashraful Alam, Md. Najibul Hoque

This study investigated the efficacy of a chemically characterized neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract as a viable alternative to antibiotics for sustainable broiler production. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis (TLC, HPLC, GC–MS, NMR) identified and quantified key bioactive compounds-azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbolide, gedunin, and salannin-with the ethanolic extract yielding a higher concentration of these limonoids. The comparative efficacy of this standardized neem preparation was evaluated against danofloxacin (antibiotic) and butaphosphan (metabolic booster) in a 28-day trial with one hundred and fifty Lohman meat chicks (10 birds/pen, 3 pens/treatment). The results demonstrated that neem supplementation significantly improved broiler performance. Birds in the neem groups, particularly the ethanolic group, achieved significantly higher final body weight and better feed conversion ratio, performing comparably to the antibiotic and booster groups. Immunologically, neem extracts significantly increased lymphocyte counts and reduced the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, confirming an immunostimulatory and anti-stress effect. Serum biochemistry revealed significantly lower levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALT), indicating a hepatoprotective benefit. Histopathological examination confirmed healthier intestinal morphology, with quantifiably increased villus height and a superior villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio in the duodenum and more caecal folds. Additionally, carcass quality and dressing percentage were significantly higher in neem-treated birds. The study concludes that the synergistic action of the identified bioactive compounds in neem leaf extract is responsible for its multifaceted benefits, making it a promising, natural, and cost-effective phytogenic alternative to in-feed antibiotics for enhancing productivity and ensuring safe broiler meat.

本研究探讨了一种具有化学特征的印楝叶提取物作为可持续肉鸡生产中抗生素的可行替代品的功效。全面的植物化学分析（TLC， HPLC, GC-MS， NMR）鉴定和定量了关键的生物活性化合物-印楝素，nimbin, nimbolide，根都苷和salannin-乙醇提取物产生较高浓度的这些柠檬素。在一项为期28天的试验中，对150只Lohman肉鸡（10只/圈，3只/处理）进行了比较，评估了这种标准化的楝树制剂与danoflo沙星（抗生素）和butaphosphan（代谢促进剂）的比较功效。结果表明，饲粮中添加印楝可显著提高肉鸡生产性能。与抗生素组和加强组相比，印楝树组，特别是乙醇组的最终体重和饲料转化率显著提高。在免疫方面，印楝提取物显著增加淋巴细胞计数，降低异细胞与淋巴细胞的比例，证实了免疫刺激和抗应激作用。血清生化显示肝酶（AST和ALT）水平显著降低，表明肝保护作用。组织病理学检查证实了更健康的肠道形态，定量地增加了绒毛高度，十二指肠的绒毛高度与隐窝深度比更大，盲肠褶皱更多。此外，neem处理的家禽胴体质量和屠宰率显著提高。该研究得出结论，印度楝叶提取物中已鉴定的生物活性化合物的协同作用是其多方面益处的原因，使其成为一种有前途的、天然的、具有成本效益的饲料抗生素替代品，可提高生产力并确保肉鸡的安全。

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引用次数: 0