Research in veterinary science最新文献_第5页

Multidimensional impacts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide supplementation on weaned piglets: From nutrient metabolism to systemic antioxidant enhancement 添加牛膝多糖对断奶仔猪的多维影响：从营养代谢到全身抗氧化增强

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106020

Xiaofeng Li , Jing Li , Bo Zhang , Bing Yang

This study investigated the dose-dependent effects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) on physiological parameters in weaned piglets. Thirty-six piglets (25 ± 1 days old) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: control (0 mg/kg ABPS), low-dose (800 mg/kg), and high-dose (1600 mg/kg). On day 28 post-treatment, blood samples were collected and analyzed for mineral balance, liver function, metabolic profiles, immune parameters, and antioxidant capacity. Results showed that high-dose ABPS significantly increased serum phosphorus (P < 0.05) without affecting calcium, chloride, or potassium levels. Low-dose ABPS elevated serum iron while reducing ceruloplasmin levels (P < 0.05). High-dose ABPS significantly decreased activities of hepatic enzymes (glutamic pyruvic transaminase, 5′-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase) (P < 0.05). Nutritionally, high-dose ABPS reduced blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, while low-dose ABPS lowered total cholesterol (P < 0.05). Immunologically, low-dose ABPS enhanced IgM, IgG, lysozyme, and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P < 0.05), with both doses reducing serum lactate. Antioxidant effects demonstrated dose dependency: high-dose ABPS upregulated superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while both doses improved total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity while reducing malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ABPS, particularly at 1600 mg/kg, enhances mineral homeostasis, liver function, lipid metabolism, immune response, and oxidative stress resistance in weaned piglets, demonstrating its potential as a functional feed additive to alleviate post-weaning stress.

本试验旨在研究牛膝多糖（ABPS）对断奶仔猪生理参数的剂量依赖性。试验选用36头25±1日龄仔猪，随机分为对照组（0 mg/kg ABPS）、低剂量组（800 mg/kg）和高剂量组（1600 mg/kg）。治疗后第28天，采集血液样本，分析矿物质平衡、肝功能、代谢谱、免疫参数和抗氧化能力。结果显示，大剂量ABPS显著提高血清磷（P < 0.05），但不影响钙、氯、钾水平。低剂量ABPS提高血清铁，降低铜蓝蛋白水平（P < 0.05）。高剂量ABPS显著降低肝酶（谷丙转氨酶、5′-核苷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶）活性（P < 0.05）。在营养方面，高剂量ABPS降低血尿素氮、肌酐、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，而低剂量ABPS降低总胆固醇（P < 0.05）。在免疫学上，低剂量ABPS提高了IgM、IgG、溶菌酶和乳酸脱氢酶水平（P < 0.05），两种剂量的ABPS都降低了血清乳酸水平。抗氧化作用表现出剂量依赖性：高剂量ABPS上调超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性，而两种剂量均可提高总抗氧化能力和过氧化氢酶活性，同时降低丙二醛水平（P < 0.05）。综上所述，ABPS，特别是在1600 mg/kg时，可改善断奶仔猪体内矿物质平衡、肝功能、脂质代谢、免疫反应和氧化应激抵抗，显示其作为缓解断奶后应激的功能性饲料添加剂的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical characterization of the Robert Jones bandage under cyclic compression-bending: An in vitro experimental model 罗伯特·琼斯绷带在循环压缩弯曲下的力学特性：体外实验模型。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106018

Samuel Larcheveque , Stéphanie Claeys , Marc Balligand , Pierre P. Picavet

Objective

To assess the rigidity of Robert-Jones Bandage (RJB) used to stabilize a standardized in vitro fracture model, under cyclic compression/bending.

Study design

In vitro cyclic testing study. Specimens: wooden rods divided into two segments of identical length by a Cardan Joint enclosed in a thick foam tube and supported by a RJB. Procedures: Part 1: incremental loading applied to 6 specimens in successive stages of 50 N from 5 to 150 to 5–300 N with 3000 cycles per stage. Part 2: 9 specimens were loaded at 150 N (5–150 N) during 60,000 cycles.

Statistics

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare data obtained at 10,000 and 60,000 cycles.

Results

In part 1, 6/6 specimens withstood 150 N for 3000 cycles. Three specimens endured an additional 3000 cycles at 200 N, 2 withstood 250 N for another 3000 cycles, and 1 tolerated 300 N. In part 2, 9/9 specimens withstood 150 N for 60,000 cycles, with displacements ranging from 0.102 mm to 0.309 mm (mean 0.179 ± 0.069 mm) and a median rigidity of 897 ± 375 N/mm. No specimen reached the fixed displacement limit of 2 mm after 60,000 cycles. No statistically significant difference was found between the results at 10,000 and 60,000 cycles (p = 0.129).

Conclusion

The Robert-Jones Bandage showed consistent rigidity under prolonged cyclic loading in an in vitro fracture model.

Clinical relevance

While this in-vitro model cannot replicate the influence of soft tissues, joint motion, or multidirectional physiological forces, the findings suggest that a properly applied Robert Jones bandage may provide short-term mechanical support to a long-bone fracture prior to definitive stabilization. However, clinical applicability should be interpreted with caution given the inherent limitations of the experimental setup.

目的：评估罗伯特-琼斯绷带（RJB）在循环压缩/弯曲下用于稳定标准化体外骨折模型的刚度。研究设计：体外循环试验研究。样品：用粗泡沫管包裹的万向接头将木棒分成两段，长度相同，由RJB支撑。程序：第1部分：在5- 150 - 5-300牛的50牛的连续阶段中对6个试样施加增量加载，每阶段3000次循环。第2部分：9个试样在150n （5- 150n）下加载60000次。统计学：使用Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较10,000和60,000次循环的数据。结果：在第1部分中，6/6的标本承受了150 N的3000次循环。在第2部分中，9/9试件在150 N下承受了60,000次循环，位移范围从0.102 mm到0.309 mm（平均0.179±0.069 mm），中位刚度为897±375 N/mm。6万次循环后，没有试件达到2 mm的固定位移极限。1万次和6万次循环的结果无统计学差异（p = 0.129）。结论：在体外骨折模型中，罗伯特-琼斯绷带在长时间循环载荷下表现出一致的刚性。临床意义：虽然该体外模型不能复制软组织、关节运动或多向生理力的影响，但研究结果表明，在最终稳定之前，适当使用Robert Jones绷带可以为长骨骨折提供短期机械支持。然而，鉴于实验设置的固有局限性，临床适用性应谨慎解释。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the impact of acepromazine on tissue oxygenation in horses sedated with detomidine 评价乙丙嗪对用托咪定镇静马的组织氧合的影响。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106019

Amanda L. James , Enzo Vettorato , Raiane A. Moura , Tatiana Moreira Batista P.R. Azevedo , Martha F. Mallicote , Ludovica Chiavaccini

Sedation with α₂-agonists can impair microcirculation and oxygen delivery. This prospective randomized crossover study investigated whether administering acepromazine maleate before detomidine hydrochloride maintains higher peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) in sedated horses. Eight healthy adult horses randomly received intravenous detomidine (10 μg/kg) either alone (D) or in combination with acepromazine (20 μg/kg; DA), with a one-week washout. Hemoglobin concentration and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) were measured at baseline. Tissue oxygen saturation, tissue hemoglobin index (THI), sedation depth, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), gastrointestinal motility, and serum lactate concentrations were recorded at baseline, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection. Mixed-effects linear models were used to assess time and treatment effects, and correlations were analyzed using the Bland-Altman Repeated Measures correlation. Across both treatment groups, StO₂ (p < 0.011), HR (p ≤ 0.007), fR (p < 0.0001), MAP (p ≤ 0.024), and gastrointestinal motility (p < 0.0001) declined significantly over time with no significant difference between groups. A negative correlation between StO₂ and serum lactate was found (r = −0.37, p = 0.0004); however, no correlation with ScvO₂ was observed. Sedation scores increased from 5 to 60 min (p < 0.001), ranging between 5 and 8 regardless of group allocation and were overall higher in the DA group (p = 0.02). These findings suggest that acepromazine enhances the sedative effect of detomidine but may not fully counteract its adverse impact on peripheral tissue oxygenation.

α 2激动剂镇静可损害微循环和氧气输送。这项前瞻性随机交叉研究调查了在盐酸托咪定之前给药马来酸乙酰丙嗪是否能维持镇静马较高的外周组织氧饱和度（StO 2）。8匹健康成年马随机接受静脉注射德托咪定（10 μg/kg）单独(D)或与乙酰丙嗪（20 μg/kg； DA），并进行为期一周的洗脱。在基线时测量血红蛋白浓度和中心静脉氧饱和度（ScvO 2）。分别于注射后基线、5、15、30、60、120 min记录组织氧饱和度、组织血红蛋白指数（THI）、镇静深度、心率（HR）、呼吸频率（fR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、胃肠动力和血清乳酸浓度。混合效应线性模型用于评估时间和治疗效果，并使用Bland-Altman重复测量相关性分析相关性。在两个治疗组中，StO 2 (p

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引用次数: 0

Strategic use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis 战略性地使用酶联免疫吸附试验作为牛结核病诊断的补充工具。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106017

C. Camussone , R.D. Moyano , M.N. Alonso , J. Cicotello , A. Peña , A.I. Molineri , D.M. Astesana , G. Suárez-Archilla , F. Tello D'Elia , D. Aliprandi , N.M. Welschen , M.L. Signorini , M.V. Zbrun

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a global chronic disease. Argentina's bTB eradication program consists of the Caudal-Fold Tuberculin test (CFT) and the sacrifice of positive animals as the principal measure. However, despite the implementation of the control program, CFT-positive animals continue to appear in some herds, which generates skepticism about the potential to eradicate tuberculosis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the suitability of an ELISA test for the detection of M. bovis specific antibodies (bTB-ELISA) in CFT-negative animals as a complementary strategy to control bTB. A convenience sampling of dairy farms was conducted through contact with owners, and those who agreed to the research protocol were selected. Two studies were conducted in eight (study 1) and six (study 2) dairy farms. Cows were tested by CFT, and those negative to this test were tested using ELISA in three cycles, one cycle per year during three consecutive years (study 1) and three cycles applied consecutively for 1 year (study 2). The prevalence of bTB-ELISA-positive animals showed a significant reduction towards the third sampling in both strategies. Although the general trend was towards a reduction in bTB-positive animals using CFT, this behavior was not homogeneous among dairy farms, evidencing that intra-farm factors are relevant. The repeated application of the CFT test together with ELISA was a useful strategy for the reduction of CFT-positive animals. It should be noted that this approach must be accompanied by good management practices in the herd to prevent the entry and spread of the disease.

牛结核病（bTB）是一种全球性的慢性病。阿根廷的bTB根除规划包括尾褶结核菌素试验（CFT）和作为主要措施的阳性动物的牺牲。然而，尽管实施了控制规划，一些畜群中仍出现cft阳性动物，这使人们对根除结核病的潜力产生怀疑。本研究的目的是评估ELISA检测牛分枝杆菌特异性抗体（bTB-ELISA）在cft阴性动物中作为控制bTB的补充策略的适用性。通过与奶牛场所有者的联系，对奶牛场进行了方便的抽样，并选择了同意研究方案的奶牛场。两项研究分别在8个（研究1）和6个（研究2）奶牛场进行。采用CFT法对奶牛进行检测，检测阴性奶牛采用ELISA法分3个周期进行检测，连续3年每年1个周期（研究1），连续1年3个周期（研究2）。在这两种策略中，btb - elisa阳性动物的患病率在第三次采样时均显着降低。尽管使用CFT的总体趋势是减少结核杆菌阳性动物，但这种行为在奶牛场之间并不均匀，这表明农场内部因素是相关的。重复应用CFT测试和ELISA是减少CFT阳性动物的有效策略。应该指出的是，这种方法必须伴随着良好的牛群管理做法，以防止疾病的进入和传播。

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引用次数: 0

Declining female representation with advancing academic rank in veterinary institutions from non-Western countries 非西方国家兽医机构的女性比例随着学术排名的提高而下降

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106016

Ursula Norton , Rebecca Dunlop , Rachel Allavena , María José Navarrete Talloni , Chiara Palmieri

Gender equity in academic veterinary science remains underexplored outside of Western countries. This study aimed to evaluate gender representation across academic ranks within veterinary institutions in Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East and North Africa.

Data on academic staff were collected from 96 veterinary schools across 39 countries between September 2023 and April 2024. Gender was inferred through institutional websites, online academic platforms, and machine-learning tools, and academic ranks were standardised into four categories: Lecturer, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor. Generalised linear models were used to assess the relationship between gender and academic rank in each region.

Across all regions, male academics were more represented at higher academic ranks. Female representation declined significantly with increasing rank in all regions (p < 0.0001). The percentage of female academics ranged widely, from 7 % (Nepal) to 68 % (Myanmar and Peru). Asia had the lowest overall female representation (29 %), followed by the Middle East (40 %), Latin America (43 %), and Sub-Saharan Africa (44 %). The decline in female representation across ranks was steepest in Asia and the Middle East, while Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited a slower decline and was the only region where female representation increased at the Professor level compared to Associate Professor.

Despite regional variation, veterinary academia in non-Western countries remains male-dominated, particularly at senior levels. However, the observed patterns in Africa and Latin America may reflect emerging progress in gender equity. Addressing structural and cultural barriers to academic advancement is essential to support the career progression of women in veterinary science globally.

在西方国家之外，兽医学术中的性别平等问题仍未得到充分探讨。本研究旨在评估亚洲、撒哈拉以南非洲、拉丁美洲、中东和北非兽医机构学术级别的性别代表性。在2023年9月至2024年4月期间，从39个国家的96所兽医学校收集了学术人员的数据。性别通过机构网站、在线学术平台和机器学习工具推断，学术排名标准化为讲师、助理教授、副教授和教授四类。使用广义线性模型来评估每个地区性别与学术排名之间的关系。在所有地区，男性学者在更高的学术级别中所占比例更高。在所有地区，女性代表人数随着级别的增加而显著下降（p < 0.0001）。女性学者的比例差别很大，从7%（尼泊尔）到68%（缅甸和秘鲁）不等。亚洲的女性比例最低（29%），其次是中东（40%）、拉丁美洲（43%）和撒哈拉以南非洲（44%）。亚洲和中东的女性比例下降幅度最大，而撒哈拉以南非洲的下降速度较慢，是唯一一个教授级别的女性比例比副教授级别增加的地区。尽管存在地区差异，但非西方国家的兽医学术界仍以男性为主，特别是在高级级别。然而，在非洲和拉丁美洲观察到的情况可能反映了在性别平等方面正在出现的进展。解决阻碍学术进步的结构性和文化障碍对于支持全球兽医科学领域女性的职业发展至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative evaluation and multivariate analysis-based ranking of factors influencing blood proviral load in breeding cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus 牛白血病病毒感染种牛血液原病毒载量影响因素的定量评价和多变量分析排序。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105995

Yuki Fujii , Masaki Maezawa , Shun Ishizuka , Yuki Ishida , Shoko Ooya , Yuki Kashima , Kaoru Yamashita , Nahoko Kawanishi , Masataka Akagami , Yoshiko Ootani , Akiyuki Watanabe , Satoshi Takahashi , Masato Ishii , Junko Kawakami , Yuri Fujimoto , Hisashi Inokuma

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle results in variable proviral load (PVL), a key indicator of viral transmission and disease progression. However, the relative contributions of host and viral factors to PVL are not fully understood. The present study evaluated four potential determinants of PVL in BLV-infected cattle: two host-related factors (BoLA-DRB3 alleles and age) and two viral factors (Tax amino acid 233 (TAX-233) and 5’LTR nucleotide 175 (LTR-175)) in 1673 Japanese Black (JB) and 979 Holstein Friesian (HF) breeding cows. The contribution of each factor to PVL was quantified using Quantification Theory Type I. BoLA-DRB3 and age accounted for the greatest variation in both JB (55.1 % and 32.4 %) and HF (65.6 % and 18.2 %) cattle, while TAX-233 and LTR-175 made smaller contributions. Notably, the L233 and 175C variants—linked to increased tumorigenicity and transmissibility—were significantly associated with higher PVL in HF but not JB cattle, suggesting breed-specific viral effects. Despite their clinical relevance, these viral markers explained PVL variation to a lesser degree than host factors. These findings underscore the limitations of PVL-based culling strategies, since low-PVL animals may still harbor high-risk viral genotypes. We recommend the integration of viral genotyping into risk assessment frameworks to improve control measures. Although our multivariable models explained only a modest portion of PVL variance (R² = 5.5–11.7 %), the independent contributions of each factor were confirmed. Future studies incorporating additional host, viral, and environmental variables will be essential to refine predictive models for BLV pathogenesis and transmission.

牛白血病病毒（BLV）感染导致可变前病毒载量（PVL），这是病毒传播和疾病进展的关键指标。然而，宿主和病毒因子对PVL的相对贡献尚未完全了解。本研究在1673头日本黑牛（JB）和979头荷斯坦黑牛（HF）中评估了blv感染牛PVL的四个潜在决定因素：两个宿主相关因素（BoLA-DRB3等位基因和年龄）和两个病毒因素（Tax氨基酸233 （Tax -233）和5'LTR核苷酸175 (LTR-175)）。各因子对PVL的贡献采用量化理论类型1进行了量化。BoLA-DRB3和年龄对JB牛（55.1%和32.4%）和HF牛（65.6%和18.2%）的贡献最大，而TAX-233和LTR-175的贡献较小。值得注意的是，与增加的致瘤性和传播性相关的L233和175C变异与HF牛的PVL升高显著相关，而与JB牛的PVL升高无关，这表明了品种特异性病毒效应。尽管它们具有临床相关性，但这些病毒标记物对PVL变异的解释程度低于宿主因素。这些发现强调了基于pvl的扑杀策略的局限性，因为低pvl的动物可能仍然携带高风险的病毒基因型。我们建议将病毒基因分型纳入风险评估框架，以改进控制措施。虽然我们的多变量模型只解释了PVL方差的一小部分（R2 = 5.5- 11.7%），但每个因素的独立贡献都得到了证实。纳入其他宿主、病毒和环境变量的未来研究对于完善BLV发病机制和传播的预测模型至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ochratoxin A induces intestinal barrier impairment and concurrent hepatorenal toxicity in broiler chicks via modulation of autophagy, ferroptosis, and the intestinal microbiota 赭曲霉毒素A通过调节肉仔鸡的自噬、铁中毒和肠道微生物群，诱导肠屏障损伤和并发肝肾毒性

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106007

Qixi Li, Ting Wu, Yueqing Xie, Mingzhen Jiang, Xuhai Li, Hongsen Yu, Ershun Zhou, Zhengtao Yang, Jingjing Wang

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin prevalent in contaminated feed, induces systemic toxicity upon intestinal absorption. In this study, broiler chicks were randomly divided into control, vehicle, or OTA-treated groups (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg bw/day). The results indicated that OTA caused histopathological damage to the intestine, liver, and kidney. Notably, OTA at 0.2 mg/kg bw induced hepatocellular injury, as evidenced by significantly elevated serum AST levels and hepatic inflammatory infiltration, and triggered renal damage characterized by increased relative kidney weight and tubular cell fragmentation. In the intestine, Structural alterations included shortened intestinal villi, deepened crypts, and disrupted tight junctions, accompanied by downregulated tight junction gene expression. Concurrently, OTA exposure induced intestinal oxidative stress. Mechanistically, OTA exposure reduced autophagy-related genes (SQSTM1, mTOR, and PI3K) while upregulating LC3B, ATG5, and BECN1, and triggered ferroptosis via increased jejunal mucosal iron accumulation, elevated ACSL4 and PTGS2 mRNA levels, and reduced GPX4, SLC7A11, and FTH1 expression. Additionally, 16S rRNA analysis revealed OTA changed the microbiota composition, marked by enrichment of g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae, g__Alloprevotella, g__Alistipes, and g__Bacteroides. Altogether, these findings indicated that OTA impaired the intestinal barrier resulting in intestinal injury, involving modulation of autophagy, ferroptosis, and microbial composition, while also inducing concurrent hepatorenal toxicity.

赭曲霉毒素A （OTA）是一种普遍存在于受污染饲料中的霉菌毒素，在肠道吸收后会引起全身毒性。试验将肉仔鸡随机分为对照组、载药组和乙酸乙酯处理组（0.05、0.1和0.2 mg/kg bw/d）。结果表明，OTA对肠、肝、肾造成组织病理学损害。值得注意的是，0.2 mg/kg bw的OTA诱导肝细胞损伤，表现为血清AST水平显著升高和肝脏炎症浸润，并引发肾损伤，表现为相对肾重增加和肾小管细胞碎裂。在肠道中，结构改变包括肠绒毛缩短，隐窝加深，紧密连接中断，并伴有紧密连接基因表达下调。同时，OTA暴露诱导肠道氧化应激。在机制上，OTA暴露降低了自噬相关基因（SQSTM1、mTOR和PI3K），同时上调了LC3B、ATG5和BECN1，并通过增加空肠粘膜铁积累、升高ACSL4和PTGS2 mRNA水平、降低GPX4、SLC7A11和FTH1表达引发铁凋亡。此外，16S rRNA分析显示，OTA改变了微生物群的组成，其特征是富集了g__norank_ _ muribaculaceae， g__Alloprevotella， g__Alistipes和g__Bacteroides。总之，这些发现表明，OTA损害肠道屏障，导致肠道损伤，包括自噬、铁死亡和微生物组成的调节，同时也诱导并发的肝肾毒性。

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引用次数: 0

Activity of selected phytogenic feed additives against Ascaris suum infection in pigs 植物性饲料添加剂对猪猪蛔虫感染的抑制作用

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105994

Amalie C. Pedersen , Geng Pan , Helena Mejer , Thibaut Chabrillat , Simon Guillaume , Sylvain Kerros , Stig M. Thamsborg , Andrew R. Williams

Gastrointestinal nematodes are a serious problem in pig production, and control relies mainly on the use of synthetic anthelmintics. Alternative control options would be of high value to pig producers. In this study, we tested three different feed supplements for their anthelmintic properties using in vitro assays and an acute, controlled 15-day infection study with Ascaris suum in growing pigs. In vitro assays showed dose-dependent activity against A. suum for all three supplements. In vivo, A. suum larvae numbers were reduced by 57.9 % and 58.0 % by two of the supplements (containing garlic/areca and essential oils, respectively), but these differences were not statistically significant when compared to the control group (p = 0.13 and 0.09, respectively). Further large-scale cohort studies are required to confirm whether the tested feed supplements could act as alternative options to control A. suum infections.

胃肠道线虫是生猪生产中的一个严重问题，其控制主要依赖于使用合成驱虫药。替代控制方案对养猪生产者具有很高的价值。在这项研究中，我们通过体外实验和对生长猪进行为期15天的猪蛔虫急性感染研究，测试了三种不同饲料添加剂的驱虫特性。体外试验显示，三种补品对葡萄球菌的抗药活性均呈剂量依赖性。在体内，两种补充剂（分别含有大蒜/槟榔和精油）分别减少了57.9%和58.0%，但与对照组相比，这些差异无统计学意义（p分别= 0.13和0.09）。需要进一步的大规模队列研究来确认所测试的饲料补充剂是否可以作为控制猪单胞菌感染的替代选择。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of phytogenic additive and sodium monensin on broiler gut microbiota and immune response to Eimeria infection 植物性添加剂和莫能菌素钠对肉仔鸡肠道菌群及对艾美耳球虫感染免疫反应的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105989

T.B. Stefanello , K.M. Cardinal , C. Orso , C.H. Franceschi , J.P. Silva , M.B. Mann , A.P.M. Varela , J. Severo , J. Frazzon , A.M.L. Ribeiro

This study evaluated the effect of Sodium Monensin or Phytogenic additive (based on Acacia concinna and Saccharum officinarum) on the gut microbiota and immune response of broiler chickens infected with E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima. A total of 120 male broiler were divided in 3 treatments: Control group (without infection and additives); Ionophore group (sodium monensin, 100 ppm + Eimeria challenged) and Phytogenic group (poly-herbal product at 750 ppm + Eimeria challenged). At 28 days, the intestinal content of four birds per treatment was collected for microbiota analysis by Miseq Illumina platform. Samples of jejunum-ileum were collected for mRNA gene transcription reactions using StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System. The intestinal microbiota was dominated by members of the phylum Firmicutes, regardless of treatment. Phytogenic group had a higher relative proportion of Firmicutes in the ileum-jejunum, and a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes in the cecum, while Ionophore group exhibited a higher relative proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The Phytogenic group enhanced the relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae, while monensin enhanced Lactobacillaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Clostridiaceae. Under a coccidiosis challenge, the ionophore and phytogenic additives modulated the immune system by increasing IL-6 and MUC13 gene transcription compared to the Control group. The phytogenic product, a mixture composed by A. concinna and S. officinarum, and sodium monensin enhanced the abundance of important bacterial groups for the establishment of a favorable intestinal microbiota in the face of an intestinal challenge. This study found that both phytogenic additives and sodium monensin altered gut microbiota composition and enhanced immune responses in broilers infected with Eimeria spp.

本研究评价了莫能菌素钠或植物性添加剂（以金合欢和甘蔗渣为原料）对肉鸡感染柔嫩芽胞杆菌、尖角芽胞杆菌和大芽胞杆菌后肠道菌群和免疫反应的影响。选取120只雄性肉鸡，分为3个处理：对照组（无感染，无添加物）；离子载体组（莫能菌素钠，100 ppm +艾美耳球虫）和植物源组（多草药产品，750 ppm +艾美耳球虫）。第28天，每次治疗收集4只鸟的肠道内容物，通过Miseq Illumina平台进行微生物群分析。采用StepOnePlus™实时荧光定量PCR系统采集空肠-回肠标本进行mRNA基因转录反应。无论处理方式如何，肠道菌群都以厚壁菌门的成员为主。植源组回肠-空肠中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和盲肠中拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的相对比例较高，而离子吸收组变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria）的相对比例较高。植物原组提高了乳酸杆菌科、拟杆菌科和Peptostreptococcaceae的相对丰度，而莫能菌素组提高了乳酸杆菌科、Rikenellaceae、拟杆菌科和梭菌科的相对丰度。在球虫病侵袭下，与对照组相比，离子载体和植物性添加剂通过增加IL-6和MUC13基因转录来调节免疫系统。该植物性产物是由a . concinna和S. officinarum和莫能菌素钠组成的混合物，可在肠道面临挑战时增强重要细菌群的丰度，从而建立有利的肠道微生物群。本研究发现，植物性添加剂和莫能菌素均可改变艾美耳球虫感染肉鸡肠道菌群组成，增强免疫反应。

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引用次数: 0

Growth, physiological responses, and histopathological changes of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings exposed to aqueous gold nanoparticles (AuNs) at high stocking density 高放养密度条件下尼罗鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）鱼种生长、生理反应及组织病理学变化

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105991

Randa Y. Thabet , Sameh M. Farouk , Shahad M. Elkim , Ashraf Y. El-Dakar , Sherifa H. Ahmed , Dalia S. Hamza , Omar Abdel-hamed Ahmed-Farid , Mohamed F. Abdel-Aziz

Despite the ubiquitous usage of nanoparticles (Ns), there are still significant gaps of knowledge regarding the impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNs) on one of the economically important fish species as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of gold nanoparticles (AuNs) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzymes levels, digestive enzyme activity, and histopathological changes of different studied tissues such as gills and liver in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that exposed to various concentrations of AuNs (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μgL⁻¹) respectively as aqueous exposure, particularly in the context of heavy metal exposure. Fish were randomly distributed in 15 glass aquariums (70 L) at a stocking rate of 20 fish/aquarium (treatment = 3 aquariums: 60 fish). Fish were within an initial average weight of 4.02 g ± 0.27 and fed a commercial diet containing 30 % crude protein (CP) at a feeding rate of 4 % of biomass. Results showed improvements in growth with AuNs exposure, but the survival rate decreased with increasing concentrations of AuNs exposure. The 20 μg L⁻¹ AuNs group exhibited the highest specific growth rate (SGR: 3.45 %/day), representing a 17.7 %/day increase compared to the control (2.93 %/day), alongside a 44.7 % reduction in survival rate (52.55 % vs. 95 % in controls). Intermediate concentrations (e.g., 5 or 10 μg L-1 AuNs) improved SGR (3.16 and 3.23 %/day) with less severe survival impacts (92.5 and 75 %, respectively).

Also, increasing doses of AuNs led to negative effects on physiological status and histological study of the liver and gills. Fish that were exposed to ≤5 μg L⁻¹ exhibited the highest survival rate and enhanced resistance to heavy-metal challenge. It can be recommended that aqueous exposure to gold nanoparticles requires further studies, and it appears that doses less than 5 μm may have positive effects on growth and immune functions.

尽管纳米颗粒（Ns）的广泛使用，但关于金纳米颗粒（AuNs）对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）这一重要经济鱼类的影响，人们仍然存在重大的知识空白。因此，本研究旨在研究金纳米粒子（AuNs）对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）生长性能、血清生化、抗氧化酶水平、消化酶活性以及不同组织（如鳃和肝脏）的影响，这些组织分别暴露于不同浓度的AuNs（分别为0、5、10、15和20 μgL−1）中，特别是在重金属暴露的背景下。鱼随机分布在15个玻璃水族箱（70 L）中，放养率为20只/个水族箱（处理= 3个水族箱：60只）。试验鱼初始平均体重为4.02 g±0.27，投喂含30%粗蛋白质（CP）的商品饲料，投喂率为生物量的4%。结果显示，AuNs暴露改善了生长，但存活率随着AuNs暴露浓度的增加而下降。20 μg L−1 AuNs组的特定生长率最高（SGR: 3.45% /天），比对照组（2.93% /天）提高了17.7% /天，而存活率降低了44.7%（52.55%比95%）。中等浓度（例如，5或10 μg L-1 AuNs）提高了SGR（3.16%和3.23% /天），对生存的影响较轻（分别为92.5%和75%）。此外，增加AuNs的剂量会对肝脏和鳃的生理状态和组织学研究产生负面影响。当浓度≤5 μg L−1时，鱼的存活率最高，对重金属的抗性增强。可以建议，在水中暴露于金纳米颗粒需要进一步的研究，似乎剂量小于5 μm可能对生长和免疫功能有积极影响。

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引用次数: 0