Research in veterinary science最新文献_第5页

Bioactive components of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract enhance immunity, health, and production parameters in broilers 印楝叶提取物的生物活性成分可提高肉鸡的免疫力、健康状况和生产参数

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106040

Md. Shafiqul Islam, Md. Abu Rayhan Parvez, Saiful Islam, Md. Tanvir Hasan, Md. Ashraful Alam, Md. Najibul Hoque

This study investigated the efficacy of a chemically characterized neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract as a viable alternative to antibiotics for sustainable broiler production. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis (TLC, HPLC, GC–MS, NMR) identified and quantified key bioactive compounds-azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbolide, gedunin, and salannin-with the ethanolic extract yielding a higher concentration of these limonoids. The comparative efficacy of this standardized neem preparation was evaluated against danofloxacin (antibiotic) and butaphosphan (metabolic booster) in a 28-day trial with one hundred and fifty Lohman meat chicks (10 birds/pen, 3 pens/treatment). The results demonstrated that neem supplementation significantly improved broiler performance. Birds in the neem groups, particularly the ethanolic group, achieved significantly higher final body weight and better feed conversion ratio, performing comparably to the antibiotic and booster groups. Immunologically, neem extracts significantly increased lymphocyte counts and reduced the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, confirming an immunostimulatory and anti-stress effect. Serum biochemistry revealed significantly lower levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALT), indicating a hepatoprotective benefit. Histopathological examination confirmed healthier intestinal morphology, with quantifiably increased villus height and a superior villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio in the duodenum and more caecal folds. Additionally, carcass quality and dressing percentage were significantly higher in neem-treated birds. The study concludes that the synergistic action of the identified bioactive compounds in neem leaf extract is responsible for its multifaceted benefits, making it a promising, natural, and cost-effective phytogenic alternative to in-feed antibiotics for enhancing productivity and ensuring safe broiler meat.

本研究探讨了一种具有化学特征的印楝叶提取物作为可持续肉鸡生产中抗生素的可行替代品的功效。全面的植物化学分析（TLC， HPLC, GC-MS， NMR）鉴定和定量了关键的生物活性化合物-印楝素，nimbin, nimbolide，根都苷和salannin-乙醇提取物产生较高浓度的这些柠檬素。在一项为期28天的试验中，对150只Lohman肉鸡（10只/圈，3只/处理）进行了比较，评估了这种标准化的楝树制剂与danoflo沙星（抗生素）和butaphosphan（代谢促进剂）的比较功效。结果表明，饲粮中添加印楝可显著提高肉鸡生产性能。与抗生素组和加强组相比，印楝树组，特别是乙醇组的最终体重和饲料转化率显著提高。在免疫方面，印楝提取物显著增加淋巴细胞计数，降低异细胞与淋巴细胞的比例，证实了免疫刺激和抗应激作用。血清生化显示肝酶（AST和ALT）水平显著降低，表明肝保护作用。组织病理学检查证实了更健康的肠道形态，定量地增加了绒毛高度，十二指肠的绒毛高度与隐窝深度比更大，盲肠褶皱更多。此外，neem处理的家禽胴体质量和屠宰率显著提高。该研究得出结论，印度楝叶提取物中已鉴定的生物活性化合物的协同作用是其多方面益处的原因，使其成为一种有前途的、天然的、具有成本效益的饲料抗生素替代品，可提高生产力并确保肉鸡的安全。

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引用次数: 0

Anti-inflammatory gut immune modulation induced by direct-fed endospores of bacteriostatic lipopeptide-producing Bacillus velezensis MFF 2.2 and B. subtilis TC12 in BALB/c mice: A first step toward a probiotic additive to prevent post-weaning diarrhea. BALB/c小鼠直接饲喂抑菌脂肽产生芽孢杆菌MFF 2.2和枯草芽孢杆菌TC12内生孢子诱导的抗炎肠道免疫调节：迈向预防断奶后腹泻的益生菌添加剂的第一步

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106038

Ana Lucía Di Giácomo , Lorena Nadia Azcurra , Gisela Romina García , José María Raviolo , María Carolina Grosso , Cecilia Ana Dogi , María Laura González Pereyra

Restrictions on the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the increasing pressure to reduce prophylactic antibiotic use due to rising antimicrobial resistance have intensified the need for safer strategies to prevent post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in swine. Probiotic Bacillus strains represent a promising alternative because of their resilience, stability, and capacity to modulate gut microbial and immune responses. This study assessed the safety and immunomodulatory effects of endospores from Bacillus velezensis MFF 2.2 and B. subtilis TC 12 in a mouse model, as an initial screening step before conducting trials in the target species. Mice (n = 6 per group) received a daily oral dose of 10⁸ CFU/ml for 10 consecutive days, or saline as control. No signs of toxicity or histopathological alterations were observed. In the small intestine, goblet cell counts and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers did not differ significantly from controls, and no increases in TNF-α or IFN-γ were detected. However, treated mice showed a significant rise in IL-10 and in the IL-10/IFN-γ ratio. Previous studies demonstrated that lipopeptide extracts (LPE) from MFF 2.2 exert anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic effects against PWD-associated pathogens. Based on the modest anti-inflammatory response elicited by the endospores, a combined endospore + LPE formulation appears to be the most suitable candidate for future evaluation in swine.

对抗生素生长促进剂使用的限制，以及由于抗菌素耐药性上升而减少预防性抗生素使用的压力越来越大，都加强了对更安全策略的需求，以防止猪断奶后腹泻（PWD）。益生菌杆菌菌株因其弹性、稳定性和调节肠道微生物和免疫反应的能力而成为一种很有前途的选择。本研究在小鼠模型中评估了velezensis芽孢杆菌MFF 2.2和枯草芽孢杆菌TC 12内生孢子的安全性和免疫调节作用，作为在目标物种中进行试验之前的初步筛选步骤。小鼠（每组6只）每天口服108 CFU/ml，连续10天，或生理盐水作为对照。没有观察到毒性或组织病理学改变的迹象。在小肠中，杯状细胞计数和上皮内淋巴细胞数量与对照组无显著差异，TNF-α和IFN-γ均未升高。然而，治疗小鼠IL-10和IL-10/IFN-γ比值显著升高。先前的研究表明，MFF 2.2脂肽提取物（LPE）对pwd相关病原体具有抗炎和抑菌作用。基于内生孢子引起的适度抗炎反应，内生孢子+ LPE组合配方似乎是未来猪评估中最合适的候选方案。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveal the complex molecular regulatory network of chicken house PM2.5 induced lung injury 转录组和代谢组的综合分析揭示了鸡舍PM2.5诱导肺损伤的复杂分子调控网络。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106039

Bo Wu , Wendan Zheng , Yu Bai , Hongrui Huang , Tongjie Chai

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is the main component of air pollution. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 could easily damage the respiratory system of animals. In this study, we first investigated the changes in lung tissue morphology and serum cytokines in SPF chickens after exposure to poultry house PM2.5 and further conduct a combined analysis of its lung transcriptome and metabolome. The results showed that chicken exposed to PM2.5 led to decrease in body weight and cause inflammatory damage such as pulmonary fibrosis in chickens. It also significantly upregulated the expression levels of serum cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TLR-2, TLR-4, IFN-α, TGF-β and CCL2. Additionally, it affected Arachidonic acid metabolism, Ferroptosis, and mTOR signaling pathways, disrupting metabolic processes and the expression of genes related to pulmonary inflammation. In addition, we validated the results of the multi-omics combined analysis and found that the interaction between the differential metabolite Arachidonic acid and the three differentially expressed genes LTA4H, FTL and PLA2G4A led to pulmonary inflammatory damage and metabolic disorders. The above results indicate that the interaction between pulmonary inflammation-related genes and lung metabolites may play a crucial role in the process of PM2.5-induced lung injury in chickens.

鸡舍内的细颗粒物（PM2.5）是空气污染的主要组成部分。长期暴露在高浓度的PM2.5中，很容易损害动物的呼吸系统。在本研究中，我们首先研究SPF鸡暴露于鸡舍PM2.5后肺组织形态和血清细胞因子的变化，并进一步对其肺转录组和代谢组进行联合分析。结果表明，暴露在PM2.5环境中的鸡体重下降，并引起肺纤维化等炎症性损伤。显著上调血清细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TLR-2、TLR-4、IFN-α、TGF-β、CCL2的表达水平。此外，它还影响花生四烯酸代谢、铁下垂和mTOR信号通路，破坏代谢过程和与肺部炎症相关的基因表达。此外，我们验证了多组学联合分析的结果，发现差异代谢物花生四烯酸与三个差异表达基因LTA4H、FTL和PLA2G4A之间的相互作用导致肺部炎症损伤和代谢紊乱。上述结果表明，肺炎症相关基因与肺代谢物的相互作用可能在pm2.5诱导的鸡肺损伤过程中起着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Microsatellite-based genetic diversity and population structure of local goat breeds in Cyprus 塞浦路斯当地山羊品种基于微卫星的遗传多样性和种群结构。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106033

Raziye Işık Kalpar , Emel Özkan Ünal , Abdullah Taner Önaldi , Nazan Koluman , Gönen Vurana , Ersin Gözenler , Bulut Olgu , Ayşen Bulancak , Ahmet Ince

This study investigated the genetic diversity of three economically important goat breeds, Damascus, Pisuri, and Mahari, from Cyprus, utilizing 20 heterologous microsatellite loci. A total of 200 alleles were detected, averaging 10 alleles per locus. Damascus showed the highest genetic diversity (Na = 8.5), followed by Pisuri and Mahari (Na = 8.3). The effective number of alleles ranged from 2.589 (INRA005) to 8.891 (HSC), and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values (0.55–0.86) confirmed high polymorphism across loci. Observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosities ranged from 0.4118 to 0.9574 and 0.4890 to 0.9016, respectively, with Pisuri displaying the highest genetic diversity. The mean inbreeding coefficient (F_IS = 0.061) indicated moderate inbreeding. Genetic differentiation was low to moderate (F_ST = 0.0068–0.1298), with Damascus being the most distinct population. STRUCTURE and factorial analyses supported the presence of three genetic clusters, clearly separating Damascus from Pisuri and Mahari. Despite minor deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, the overall results revealed limited differentiation and high genetic diversity, particularly in Damascus. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic composition of Cyprus goat breeds and highlight their importance for conservation and selective breeding strategies.

本研究利用20个异源微卫星位点，对塞浦路斯3个重要山羊品种大马士革山羊、皮苏里山羊和马哈里山羊的遗传多样性进行了研究。共检测到200个等位基因，平均每个位点10个等位基因。遗传多样性最高的是大马士革（Na = 8.5），其次是Pisuri和Mahari （Na = 8.3）。有效等位基因数为2.589 (INRA005) ~ 8.891 (HSC)，多态信息含量（PIC）值为0.55 ~ 0.86，表明基因座间存在较高的多态性。观察杂合度（HO）和期望杂合度（HE）分别为0.4118 ~ 0.9574和0.4890 ~ 0.9016，其中Pisuri的遗传多样性最高。平均近交系数（FIS = 0.061）为中度近交。遗传分化程度为中低（FST = 0.0068 ~ 0.1298），大马士革居群遗传分化程度最高。结构和析因分析支持三个基因簇的存在，清楚地将大马士革人与Pisuri和Mahari人分开。尽管与Hardy-Weinberg平衡有轻微偏差，但总体结果显示分化有限，遗传多样性高，特别是在大马士革。这些发现为了解塞浦路斯山羊品种的遗传组成提供了有价值的见解，并强调了它们对保护和选择性育种策略的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Emergence of a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain inducing biphasic temperature fluctuations in Tianjin, northern China 在中国北方天津出现一种新的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒株，引起双期温度波动。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106037

Jia Wang , Yi-Han Lu , Bo-Han , Hai-Tao Yang , Xin-lei Li , Wen Sun , Shi-Qin Zhang , Zhuo-Ran Miao , Xue-Jiao Cheng , Chun-Xue You , Ying-Feng Sun

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has imposed significant economic burdens on the global swine industry. The majority of PRRSV strains can induce high fever at various stages of pig development. However, the PRRSV strain that triggers the biphasic temperature phenomenon remains relatively rare. In this study, a novel PRRSV variant, designated SJ0107, was isolated from local pig farms in Tianjin, Northern China, in 2024. Recombination analysis reveals that SJ0107 is a recombinant PRRSV strain resulting from the interaction between lineage 1.8 and lineage 8.3, with four potential recombination breakpoints located in Nsp2 (nt 766/1997), Nsp4 (nt 5413), and Nsp9 (nt 7750). Animal challenge experiments conducted on four-week-old piglets demonstrated that SJ0107 can induce rare initial hypothermia symptoms within 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). Subsequently, the body temperature returned to normal, and high-grade fever symptoms emerged at 11 dpi, lasting for one week before normalizing again. Meanwhile, severe histopathological lung lesions were also detected in the pathological sections. In conclusion, the findings reveal that the SJ0107 strain undergoes a dual-phase temperature alteration, which not only complicates traditional diagnostic criteria reliant on persistent fever but also heightens the risk of misdiagnosis in the initial phases of infection. These insights underscore the necessity of revising surveillance protocols for emerging PRRSV variants that exhibit atypical pathogenic characteristics.

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）给全球养猪业带来了巨大的经济负担。大多数PRRSV毒株可在猪发育的不同阶段引起高热。然而，触发双相温度现象的PRRSV菌株仍然相对罕见。在这项研究中，一种新的PRRSV变异，命名为SJ0107，于2024年从中国北方天津的当地猪场分离出来。重组分析表明，SJ0107是由1.8系和8.3系相互作用产生的重组PRRSV毒株，有4个重组断点分别位于Nsp2 （nt 766/1997）、Nsp4 （nt 5413）和Nsp9 （nt 7750）。在4周龄仔猪上进行的动物激发实验表明，SJ0107可在接种后5天内引起罕见的初始低体温症状。随后体温恢复正常，11 dpi出现高热症状，持续1周后再次恢复正常。同时病理切片也可见严重的组织病理学病变。总之，研究结果表明，SJ0107菌株经历了双期温度变化，这不仅使依赖持续发热的传统诊断标准复杂化，而且增加了感染初期误诊的风险。这些见解强调了修订新出现的PRRSV变异监测方案的必要性，这些变异具有非典型致病特征。

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引用次数: 0

A genetic analysis of the causes of lamb mortality determined by an on-farm postmortem procedure 通过农场尸检程序确定羔羊死亡原因的遗传分析。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106032

K. Hay , N. Lambe , J. Roden , S. Jarvis , C.M. Dwyer

Lamb mortality is a major challenge in sheep production with significant implications for animal welfare and farm profitability. This study investigated the causes of lamb mortality within the first three days of life in a lowland outdoor lambing flock in the Scottish Borders, UK, over three lambing seasons (2021−2023). Dead lambs were collected from the pastures during checking rounds three times a day, and simple on-farm postmortems were conducted once a day. A total of 468 lamb postmortem examinations were conducted to classify the most likely cause of death as dystocia, starvation/mismothering/exposure (SME), stillbirth, other, or unknown causes. Overall mortality to three days of age was 12 %, with SME (28 %) and stillbirth (27 %) the most common causes, followed by dystocia (13 %). Single and triplet born lambs (p < 0.01) were most likely to die from dystocia compared to other litter sizes and the risk of death from SME increased with litter size (p < 0.01). Direct lamb heritability estimates for death by dystocia and stillbirth were moderate (0.31 and 0.27, respectively), indicating potential for improvement via genetic selection. However, heritability for SME was not significant, highlighting the increased influence of environmental factors for this cause of lamb death. The findings demonstrate that the use of simple postmortems could be used to increase the accuracy of selection for lamb survival in breeding programmes, through the integration of breeding values for specific causes of death. This would be most applicable in well-recorded nucleus flocks that are well connected to the rest of the breeding programme.

羔羊死亡率是绵羊生产中的一个重大挑战，对动物福利和农场盈利能力有重大影响。本研究调查了三个产羔季节（2021-2023）英国苏格兰边境低地户外羔羊群中羔羊在出生后三天内死亡的原因。每天三次检查期间从牧场收集死羊羔，每天进行一次简单的农场尸检。共对468只羔羊进行了尸检，将最可能的死亡原因分类为难产、饥饿/母胎不当/暴露（SME）、死产、其他或未知原因。3天大的总死亡率为12%，其中最常见的原因是SME（28%）和死产（27%），其次是难产（13%）。单羔和三胞胎出生的羔羊(p

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the usual signs: Pseudo-pericarditis as an under-appreciated outcome of tropical theileriosis 除了通常的迹象：假性心包炎作为一个不被重视的结果热带结核。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106029

Vikrant Sudan , Priyanka Syal , Jasleen Kaur

Pseudopericarditis is an often-overlooked clinical manifestation of tropical theileriosis, with only a few sporadic reports describing its occurrence. The present note documents clinical cases of tropical theileriosis exhibiting characteristic signs of pseudopericarditis, including jugular vein distension and brisket oedema. The proposed pathogenesis, supported by a schematic illustration, suggests that enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes exert pressure on major intrathoracic vessels, thereby impairing venous return and producing the clinical signs observed. Additionally, the roles of oncotic, osmotic, and hydrostatic pressure imbalances in the pathobiology of pseudopericarditis have been emphasised. Field veterinarians should therefore consider tropical theileriosis as a differential diagnosis in animals presenting with brisket oedema and/or jugular vein distension.

假性心包炎是一种经常被忽视的热带肺脏病的临床表现，只有少数零星的报告描述其发生。本文记录了热带肺脏病的临床病例，表现出假性心包炎的特征性体征，包括颈静脉扩张和胸部水肿。该发病机制由示意图支持，表明增大的纵隔淋巴结对主要胸内血管施加压力，从而阻碍静脉回流并产生观察到的临床症状。此外，肿瘤、渗透和静水压力失衡在假性心包炎病理生物学中的作用也得到了强调。因此，现场兽医应考虑将热带血吸虫病作为表现为胸肌水肿和/或颈静脉扩张的动物的鉴别诊断。

引用次数: 0

Emergence of a novel subgenotype 2.4 of classical swine fever virus in India 经典猪瘟病毒一种新型2.4亚基因型在印度出现。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106031

Sharanagouda Shiddanagouda Patil , Jayaramareddy Harish , Kothapete Ramakrishna Ganesh, Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh, Jagadish Hiremath, Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi

Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) remains a major constraint to pig production worldwide, despite vaccination and control efforts. This study investigated the genetic diversity, phylogeography, and population structure of CSFV using E2 gene sequences from 53 Indian isolates spanning 18 states and union territories and 85 global isolates from 28 countries. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Indian CSFV strains predominantly belong to genotype 2, with subgenotype 2.2 as the dominant and widely distributed lineage across India, reflecting long-term endemic circulation. Subgenotype 2.4, restricted mainly to Northeast India, clustered closely with Southeast Asian strains, suggesting regional evolution and transboundary transmission, while subgenotype 1.1 persisted as an older lineage alongside genotype 2 viruses. Global analysis demonstrated extensive genetic structuring, with genotype 2 exhibiting the highest diversity and broader geographic spread compared to other genotypes. Haplotype analysis identified high haplotype diversity in both Indian (Hd = 0.9853) and global (Hd = 0.9871) datasets, characterized by numerous region-specific haplotypes and limited shared haplotypes indicative of localized evolution punctuated by occasional long-distance dissemination. Shared haplotypes among Indian states and between countries highlight the role of animal movement and trade in CSFV spread. Overall, the combined phylogenetic and population genetic analyses underscore the complex evolutionary dynamics of CSFV in India and globally, emphasizing the need for continuous molecular surveillance and region-specific control.

尽管进行了疫苗接种和控制工作，经典猪瘟病毒（CSFV）仍然是全球生猪生产的主要制约因素。本研究利用来自印度18个邦和联邦属地的53株CSFV分离株和来自28个国家的85株CSFV分离株的E2基因序列，研究了CSFV的遗传多样性、系统地理和群体结构。系统发育分析显示，印度猪瘟毒株主要属于基因2型，基因2.2亚型为优势毒株，在印度广泛分布，反映了长期的地方性流行。亚基因型2.4主要局限于印度东北部，与东南亚毒株紧密聚集，提示区域进化和跨界传播，而亚基因型1.1与基因型2病毒一起作为一个更古老的谱系存在。全球分析显示了广泛的遗传结构，与其他基因型相比，基因型2表现出最高的多样性和更广泛的地理分布。单倍型分析发现，印度（Hd = 0.9853）和全球（Hd = 0.9871）数据集的单倍型多样性较高，具有大量的区域特异性单倍型和有限的共享单倍型，表明局部进化穿插着偶尔的远距离传播。印度各邦之间以及国与国之间共享的单倍型突出了动物流动和贸易在猪瘟传播中的作用。总体而言，综合系统发育和群体遗传分析强调了CSFV在印度和全球的复杂进化动态，强调了持续的分子监测和区域特异性控制的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Shannon entropy as a stable diffusion tensor parameter for evaluating normal spinal cord regions in dogs Shannon熵作为一种稳定的扩散张量参数用于评价狗的正常脊髓区域

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106036

Yoshimichi Goda , Yuko Mizutani , Mizuki Hirayama , Taketoshi Asanuma , Hiroyuki Satoh

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used in veterinary medicine for cerebral infarctions and degenerative diseases in recent years. Defining normal values for the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) to detect lesions is challenging because these values depend on anatomical differences in the spinal cord, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine model, magnetic field strength, and measurement protocol. Shannon entropy is the average amount of information and is a measure of the variability or complexity, of distributed numbers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether Shannon entropy can serve as a useful new indicator for interpreting the structural integrity of the canine spinal cord. We used six beagle dogs with no spinal cord disease, as confirmed by neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging. We calculated the respective values for the cervical and thoracolumbar spinal cord under the 3 T magnetic field. The ADC and FA values (mean ± standard error) of the cervical spinal cord were 1.11 ± 0.05 × 10⁻³ mm²/s and 0.64 ± 0.02. The thoracolumbar spinal cord had values of 1.16 ± 0.04 × 10⁻³ mm²/s and 0.58 ± 0.02. The ADC and FA values of the spinal cord reflected anatomical differences, and no fixed normal values were observed for the entire spinal cord. Shannon entropy was 5.67 ± 0.45. No significant differences were observed in the values at any intervertebral level. These results suggest that Shannon entropy is more useful than the ADC and FA values. Shannon entropy may be able to differentiate between normal tissue and lesions, independent of various MRI conditions.

近年来，弥散张量成像（DTI）在兽医学中用于脑梗死和退行性疾病的诊断。定义表观扩散系数（ADC）和分数各向异性（FA）的正常值以检测病变是具有挑战性的，因为这些值取决于脊髓的解剖差异、磁共振成像（MRI）机器模型、磁场强度和测量方案。香农熵是信息的平均量，是对分布式数字的可变性或复杂性的度量。本研究的目的是评估香农熵是否可以作为一个有用的新指标来解释犬脊髓的结构完整性。我们使用6只没有脊髓疾病的比格犬，经神经学检查和磁共振成像证实。我们计算了在3t磁场下颈脊髓和胸腰椎的相应值。颈脊髓的ADC和FA值（平均±标准误差）分别为1.11±0.05 × 10−3 mm2/s和0.64±0.02。胸腰段脊髓分别为1.16±0.04 × 10−3 mm2/s和0.58±0.02。脊髓的ADC和FA值反映了解剖上的差异，整个脊髓没有固定的正常值。Shannon熵为5.67±0.45。在任何椎间水平的数值均未观察到显著差异。这些结果表明香农熵比ADC和FA值更有用。香农熵可能能够区分正常组织和病变，独立于各种MRI条件。

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引用次数: 0

Pathological and epidemiological assessment of cranial crassicaudiasis in stranded cetaceans from the Canary Islands (1999–2024) 1999-2024年加那利群岛搁浅鲸类颅骨棘虫病的病理和流行病学评估。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106035

Zuleima Suárez-González , Antonio Fernández , Jorge F. González , Noelia Salgado-Jiménez , Ignacio Molpeceres-Diego , Paula Alonso-Almorox , Eva Sierra

Crassicauda nematodes in cetaceans infect various organs, including the genitourinary system, subcutaneous tissues, circulatory system, and cranial structures such as the pterygoid sacs. In the cranial region, they may induce osteolytic lesions, potentially leading to neurological impairment, disorientation, and contributing to stranding and death. This study investigated the epidemiology and pathology of cranial crassicaudiasis in cetaceans stranded in the Canary Islands between 1999 and 2024, with emphasis on associated central nervous system (CNS) lesions. The pterygoid sacs of 438 cetaceans were systematically examined, and Crassicauda sp.-induced sacculitis was detected in 49 individuals (11.2 %) of the family Delphinidae. Prevalence was highest in Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus; 11/18, 61.1 %), and juvenile and subadult animals were more frequently affected (24/49, 49 %), with no sex-related differences. Molecular characterization targeting COX1 and ITS2 gene regions was performed on nematodes from an Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and a Risso's dolphin, confirming C. grampicola in both species. Histopathology in selected cases (26; 5 %) revealed epithelial hyperkeratosis, desquamation, and mild lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in parasitized pterygoid sacs. CNS inflammation was observed in 16/49 cases (32.6 %), including co-infections with Brucella spp., Cetacean Morbillivirus (CeMV), Herpesvirus and Nocardia otitidiscaviarum. No statistically significant association was found between cranial crassicaudiasis and CNS lesions. These findings highlight cranial crassicaudiasis as a relevant pathological condition in stranded cetaceans, suggesting that parasite-associated lesions may contribute to morbidity and mortality, and provide the first molecular confirmation of C. grampicola in S. frontalis, contributing novel sequences to GenBank.

鲸类动物中的粗尾线虫感染各种器官，包括生殖泌尿系统、皮下组织、循环系统和翼状囊等颅骨结构。在颅骨区域，它们可能诱发溶骨损伤，潜在地导致神经损伤、定向障碍，并导致搁浅和死亡。本研究调查了1999年至2024年在加那利群岛搁浅的鲸类动物颅骨棘虫病的流行病学和病理学，重点研究了相关的中枢神经系统（CNS）病变。对438只鲸类的翼状囊进行了系统检查，发现有49只（11.2%）的海豚科（Delphinidae）发生了由Crassicauda sp.引起的囊炎。发病率最高的是灰海豚（Grampus griseus, 11/18, 61.1%），幼海豚和亚成年海豚发病率较高（24/49,49%），无性别差异。对来自大西洋斑点海豚（Stenella frontalis）和Risso海豚的线虫进行了针对COX1和ITS2基因区域的分子表征，证实这两个物种都存在C. grampicola。部分病例（26.5%）的组织病理学检查显示，被寄生的翼状囊上皮组织角化过度、脱屑和轻度淋巴浆细胞性炎症。49例患者中有16例（32.6%）出现中枢神经系统炎症，包括布鲁氏菌、鲸类麻疹病毒（CeMV）、疱疹病毒和耳诺卡菌共感染。颅内棘球蚴病与中枢神经系统病变之间无统计学意义的关联。这些发现强调了颅棘虫病是搁浅鲸类动物的一种相关病理状况，表明寄生虫相关病变可能导致发病率和死亡率，并首次从分子上证实了棘球绦虫在frontalis中的存在，为GenBank提供了新的序列。

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