{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Paper A survey to evaluate the use of the Erector Spinae Plane block (ESPB) in small animal practice title of article' Research in Veterinary Science 204 (2026) 106126.","authors":"Cristian Cabellos Clemente, Patricia Pawson, Josephine Robertson","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":" ","pages":"106145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106146
Junhao Zhao, Ligan Cai, Zhilong Wang, Yueli Zhang, Yan Cui
Routine intramuscular neck injections, including vaccination, are frequently associated with persistent injection-site lesions (ISLs) in finishing pigs, leading to carcass trimming and economic loss. Here, we performed paired transcriptomic and TMT-based proteomic profiling of chronic neck ISLs and matched grossly normal neck muscle from the same animals. Grossly, lesions were palpable nodules with cavitary changes and turbid contents. Histology showed chronic inflammation with focal myofiber degeneration/necrosis and fibrous encapsulation. Integrative analysis identified 130 overlapping features with concordance between transcript and protein fold-changes. Enrichment analysis indicated a distinct split: upregulated features involved innate immune and phagosome-related pathways, whereas downregulated features were dominated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation modules in bulk tissue. These data support a bulk immunometabolic signature of sustained inflammatory programs alongside suppressed oxidative phosphorylation in chronic ISLs, which may inform mitigation strategies under field conditions.
{"title":"Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal immune activation and suppressed oxidative phosphorylation modules in chronic neck injection-site lesions of finishing pigs.","authors":"Junhao Zhao, Ligan Cai, Zhilong Wang, Yueli Zhang, Yan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Routine intramuscular neck injections, including vaccination, are frequently associated with persistent injection-site lesions (ISLs) in finishing pigs, leading to carcass trimming and economic loss. Here, we performed paired transcriptomic and TMT-based proteomic profiling of chronic neck ISLs and matched grossly normal neck muscle from the same animals. Grossly, lesions were palpable nodules with cavitary changes and turbid contents. Histology showed chronic inflammation with focal myofiber degeneration/necrosis and fibrous encapsulation. Integrative analysis identified 130 overlapping features with concordance between transcript and protein fold-changes. Enrichment analysis indicated a distinct split: upregulated features involved innate immune and phagosome-related pathways, whereas downregulated features were dominated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation modules in bulk tissue. These data support a bulk immunometabolic signature of sustained inflammatory programs alongside suppressed oxidative phosphorylation in chronic ISLs, which may inform mitigation strategies under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"204 ","pages":"106146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106143
Amir Nahal
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Prevalence and distribution of anisakid species in fish from North African marine waters: A systematic review and meta-Analysis\" [Research in Veterinary Science 203 (2026) 1-10/ 106123].","authors":"Amir Nahal","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":" ","pages":"106143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106128
Shengyi Han, Shuping Li, Lingxia Li, Shengqing Li
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Genetic characterization of four bacteriophages of Salmonella enterica derived from different geographic regions in China via genomic comparison\" [Research in Veterinary Science 189 (2025) 105608. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105608].","authors":"Shengyi Han, Shuping Li, Lingxia Li, Shengqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":" ","pages":"106128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147370030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106038
Ana Lucía Di Giácomo , Lorena Nadia Azcurra , Gisela Romina García , José María Raviolo , María Carolina Grosso , Cecilia Ana Dogi , María Laura González Pereyra
Restrictions on the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the increasing pressure to reduce prophylactic antibiotic use due to rising antimicrobial resistance have intensified the need for safer strategies to prevent post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in swine. Probiotic Bacillus strains represent a promising alternative because of their resilience, stability, and capacity to modulate gut microbial and immune responses. This study assessed the safety and immunomodulatory effects of endospores from Bacillus velezensis MFF 2.2 and B. subtilis TC 12 in a mouse model, as an initial screening step before conducting trials in the target species. Mice (n = 6 per group) received a daily oral dose of 108 CFU/ml for 10 consecutive days, or saline as control. No signs of toxicity or histopathological alterations were observed. In the small intestine, goblet cell counts and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers did not differ significantly from controls, and no increases in TNF-α or IFN-γ were detected. However, treated mice showed a significant rise in IL-10 and in the IL-10/IFN-γ ratio. Previous studies demonstrated that lipopeptide extracts (LPE) from MFF 2.2 exert anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic effects against PWD-associated pathogens. Based on the modest anti-inflammatory response elicited by the endospores, a combined endospore + LPE formulation appears to be the most suitable candidate for future evaluation in swine.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory gut immune modulation induced by direct-fed endospores of bacteriostatic lipopeptide-producing Bacillus velezensis MFF 2.2 and B. subtilis TC12 in BALB/c mice: A first step toward a probiotic additive to prevent post-weaning diarrhea.","authors":"Ana Lucía Di Giácomo , Lorena Nadia Azcurra , Gisela Romina García , José María Raviolo , María Carolina Grosso , Cecilia Ana Dogi , María Laura González Pereyra","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Restrictions on the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the increasing pressure to reduce prophylactic antibiotic use due to rising antimicrobial resistance have intensified the need for safer strategies to prevent post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in swine. Probiotic <em>Bacillus</em> strains represent a promising alternative because of their resilience, stability, and capacity to modulate gut microbial and immune responses. This study assessed the safety and immunomodulatory effects of endospores from <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> MFF 2.2 and <em>B. subtilis</em> TC 12 in a mouse model, as an initial screening step before conducting trials in the target species. Mice (<em>n</em> = 6 per group) received a daily oral dose of 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/ml for 10 consecutive days, or saline as control. No signs of toxicity or histopathological alterations were observed. In the small intestine, goblet cell counts and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers did not differ significantly from controls, and no increases in TNF-α or IFN-γ were detected. However, treated mice showed a significant rise in IL-10 and in the IL-10/IFN-γ ratio. Previous studies demonstrated that lipopeptide extracts (LPE) from MFF 2.2 exert anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic effects against PWD-associated pathogens. Based on the modest anti-inflammatory response elicited by the endospores, a combined endospore + LPE formulation appears to be the most suitable candidate for future evaluation in swine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106059
Débora Matilde de Almeida , Laura de Vargas Maiocchi , Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira , Camila Moura de Lima , Martha Bravo Cruz Piñeiro , Gabriela Ladeira Sanzo , Tatiélen Hernandez Severo , Odir Antonio Dellagostin , Marcia de Oliveira Nobre , Sérgio Jorge
Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic infection caused by fungi of the Sporothrix schenkii complex, with S. brasiliensis being the most prevalent etiological agent in animals, particularly cats. Felines are highly susceptible to infection and may develop severe clinical forms characterized by extensive cutaneous lesions and systemic dissemination. In addition, infected cats play a major role in zoonotic transmission, as Sporothrix spp. can be transmitted to humans through bites and scratches. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis remains the isolation and identification of Sporothrix species from clinical samples, a process that requires prolonged culture prior to identification. However, the increasing number of cases highlights the need for a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic method. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of feline sporotrichosis using a recombinant chimeric S. brasiliensis protein. The antigen was designed from immunogenic fragments of two S. brasiliensis proteins, SsEno and Gp70, and expressed in a prokaryotic system. A total of 201 feline serum samples were analyzed, including 66 from cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis, 73 from healthy animals, and 62 from cats with other medical conditions. The assay demonstrated 97.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 89.4–99.6%) and 94.1% specificity (95% CI: 88.6%–97.4%). The recombinant chimeric antigen showed strong reactivity with sera from infected cats and no cross-reactivity with controls samples. These results indicate that this recombinant antigen-based ELISA is a simple, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic alternative with promising potential for validation and routine application in the diagnosis of feline sporotrichosis.
{"title":"Diagnostic evaluation of a recombinant chimeric Sporothrix brasiliensis protein-based ELISA for serological detection of feline sporotrichosis","authors":"Débora Matilde de Almeida , Laura de Vargas Maiocchi , Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira , Camila Moura de Lima , Martha Bravo Cruz Piñeiro , Gabriela Ladeira Sanzo , Tatiélen Hernandez Severo , Odir Antonio Dellagostin , Marcia de Oliveira Nobre , Sérgio Jorge","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic infection caused by fungi of the <em>Sporothrix schenkii</em> complex, with <em>S. brasiliensis</em> being the most prevalent etiological agent in animals, particularly cats. Felines are highly susceptible to infection and may develop severe clinical forms characterized by extensive cutaneous lesions and systemic dissemination. In addition, infected cats play a major role in zoonotic transmission, as <em>Sporothrix</em> spp. can be transmitted to humans through bites and scratches. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis remains the isolation and identification of <em>Sporothrix</em> species from clinical samples, a process that requires prolonged culture prior to identification. However, the increasing number of cases highlights the need for a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic method. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of feline sporotrichosis using a recombinant chimeric <em>S. brasiliensis</em> protein. The antigen was designed from immunogenic fragments of two <em>S. brasiliensis</em> proteins, SsEno and Gp70, and expressed in a prokaryotic system. A total of 201 feline serum samples were analyzed, including 66 from cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis, 73 from healthy animals, and 62 from cats with other medical conditions. The assay demonstrated 97.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 89.4–99.6%) and 94.1% specificity (95% CI: 88.6%–97.4%). The recombinant chimeric antigen showed strong reactivity with sera from infected cats and no cross-reactivity with controls samples. These results indicate that this recombinant antigen-based ELISA is a simple, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic alternative with promising potential for validation and routine application in the diagnosis of feline sporotrichosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q fever, caused by the gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, remains a globally relevant but underappreciated zoonosis in the 21st century. Despite decades of research, the disease continues to pose diagnostic, epidemiological, and clinical challenges that hinder timely recognition and effective management. This review aims to synthesize current advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of C. burnetii, while critically examining the One Health gaps that sustain its persistence as a re-emerging zoonosis. We evaluate the strengths and limitations of existing diagnostic platforms, summarize recent progress in molecular epidemiology, and explore the underrecognized contributions of environmental and wildlife reservoirs to transmission. We further highlight disparities in surveillance and reporting, particularly in regions such as Africa and Asia, where the disease remains neglected. Looking ahead, we outline key priorities for research and practice. These include elucidating molecular mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions, identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers, deploying genomic epidemiology to capture global strain diversity, developing safer and more accessible vaccines, and operationalizing One Health frameworks to integrate veterinary, medical, and environmental surveillance. By clarifying these research and policy gaps, this review provides a roadmap for reducing the global burden of Q fever and offers broader insights into tackling other neglected zoonotic diseases at the human–animal–environment interface.
{"title":"Q fever in the 21st century: Uncovering diagnostic, epidemiological, and one health gaps in a re-emerging zoonosis","authors":"Foluke Olajumoke Jemilehin , Adelekan Oluseyi Okunlade , Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola , Happiness Chibuzo Obiechefu , Akeem Olayiwola Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Q fever, caused by the gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium <em>Coxiella burnetii</em>, remains a globally relevant but underappreciated zoonosis in the 21st century. Despite decades of research, the disease continues to pose diagnostic, epidemiological, and clinical challenges that hinder timely recognition and effective management. This review aims to synthesize current advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of <em>C. burnetii</em>, while critically examining the One Health gaps that sustain its persistence as a re-emerging zoonosis. We evaluate the strengths and limitations of existing diagnostic platforms, summarize recent progress in molecular epidemiology, and explore the underrecognized contributions of environmental and wildlife reservoirs to transmission. We further highlight disparities in surveillance and reporting, particularly in regions such as Africa and Asia, where the disease remains neglected. Looking ahead, we outline key priorities for research and practice. These include elucidating molecular mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions, identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers, deploying genomic epidemiology to capture global strain diversity, developing safer and more accessible vaccines, and operationalizing One Health frameworks to integrate veterinary, medical, and environmental surveillance. By clarifying these research and policy gaps, this review provides a roadmap for reducing the global burden of Q fever and offers broader insights into tackling other neglected zoonotic diseases at the human–animal–environment interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poultry immunity is negatively impacted by heat stress (HS), resulting in reduced efficacy of vaccines. In this study, we determined whether dietary chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic) and the nano formulation (Nano-CrPic) could help alleviate the negative effects of HS on cellular immunity in vaccinated broilers against Newcastle disease (ND). Ross 308 broilers were subjected to continuing heat exposure and received supplementations of either CrPic or Nano-CrPic at 500, 1000, or 1500 ppb. Following ND vaccination, we quantified the expression of IFN-γ mRNA from splenic tissues. Importantly, IFN-γ expression increased between about 2.5–4 fold in vaccinated versus control broilers at 3 days after vaccination. In addition, under HS conditions, Nano-CrPic at 500 and 1000 ppb increased IFN-γ expression by 35–50 % compared to broilers in the HS Controls (p < 0.01) and 20–30 % compared to broilers fed traditional CrPic at comparable levels of supplementation. On the other hand, no significant change in IFN-γ expression was observed following either CrPic or Nano-CrPic supplementation in non-vaccinated birds. Supplementation with Nano-CrPic at the highest-level of 1500 ppb had diminished enhancements on IFN-γ expression, suggesting a non-linear dose-response pattern. The findings indicate that dietary supplementation using Nano-CrPic at 500–1000 ppb provides a practical means of improving cellular immunity responses that are generated after vaccination, particularly in heat-stressed broilers, thereby improving potential vaccination response under heat stress.
{"title":"Dietary nano‑chromium picolinate enhances interferon-gamma expression in heat-stressed broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease","authors":"Farhad Hajializadeh , Alireza Talebi , Raziallah Jafari Jozani","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry immunity is negatively impacted by heat stress (HS), resulting in reduced efficacy of vaccines. In this study, we determined whether dietary chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic) and the nano formulation (Nano-CrPic) could help alleviate the negative effects of HS on cellular immunity in vaccinated broilers against Newcastle disease (ND). Ross 308 broilers were subjected to continuing heat exposure and received supplementations of either CrPic or Nano-CrPic at 500, 1000, or 1500 ppb. Following ND vaccination, we quantified the expression of IFN-γ mRNA from splenic tissues. Importantly, IFN-γ expression increased between about 2.5–4 fold in vaccinated versus control broilers at 3 days after vaccination. In addition, under HS conditions, Nano-CrPic at 500 and 1000 ppb increased IFN-γ expression by 35–50 % compared to broilers in the HS Controls (<em>p</em> < 0.01) and 20–30 % compared to broilers fed traditional CrPic at comparable levels of supplementation. On the other hand, no significant change in IFN-γ expression was observed following either CrPic or Nano-CrPic supplementation in non-vaccinated birds. Supplementation with Nano-CrPic at the highest-level of 1500 ppb had diminished enhancements on IFN-γ expression, suggesting a non-linear dose-response pattern. The findings indicate that dietary supplementation using Nano-CrPic at 500–1000 ppb provides a practical means of improving cellular immunity responses that are generated after vaccination, particularly in heat-stressed broilers, thereby improving potential vaccination response under heat stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145864842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106071
David J. Holthausen , Kathryn A. Bickel , Gisselle N. Medina , Daniel W. Nielsen , Bryan S. Kaplan , Eduardo Casas , Rohana P. Dassanayake
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of economic concern for the cattle industry due to reproductive losses, persistently infected animals, and for contributing to the bovine respiratory disease complex. Bovine interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) is a type III interferon and a glycosylated cytokine with potent antiviral activity. The recombinant glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 (rbIFN-λ3) has antiviral activity against BVDV in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Bacterial expression systems provide a higher-yield and more cost-effective alternative to eukaryotic expression systems. The antiviral properties of bacterially expressed non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 against BVDV in cell culture was determined in this study. The coding sequence for the mature bovine IFN-λ3 was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 was expressed and purified. Cells were pre-treated with serial dilutions of rbIFN-λ3 one day prior to infection with BVDV. The rbIFN-λ3 treatment was repeated daily, and viral infection status was assessed three days post-infection using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody specific to the BVDV E2 glycoprotein. A single band corresponding to non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 with the expected molecular mass was observed on SDS-PAGE, and the identity of rbIFN-λ3 was confirmed via western blotting. Our results indicated that bacterially expressed rbIFN-λ3 without glycosylation demonstrated concentration-dependent antiviral activity, effectively reducing BVDV replication. These results indicate that glycosylation is not required for the antiviral function of bovine IFN-λ3, and supports the potential of using bacterially expressed, non-glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 in antiviral therapies against BVDV infections.
{"title":"Bacterially expressed non-glycosylated recombinant bovine interferon lambda demonstrates antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus in cell culture","authors":"David J. Holthausen , Kathryn A. Bickel , Gisselle N. Medina , Daniel W. Nielsen , Bryan S. Kaplan , Eduardo Casas , Rohana P. Dassanayake","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of economic concern for the cattle industry due to reproductive losses, persistently infected animals, and for contributing to the bovine respiratory disease complex. Bovine interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) is a type III interferon and a glycosylated cytokine with potent antiviral activity. The recombinant glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 (rbIFN-λ3) has antiviral activity against BVDV in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Bacterial expression systems provide a higher-yield and more cost-effective alternative to eukaryotic expression systems. The antiviral properties of bacterially expressed non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 against BVDV in cell culture was determined in this study. The coding sequence for the mature bovine IFN-λ3 was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 was expressed and purified. Cells were pre-treated with serial dilutions of rbIFN-λ3 one day prior to infection with BVDV. The rbIFN-λ3 treatment was repeated daily, and viral infection status was assessed three days post-infection using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody specific to the BVDV E2 glycoprotein. A single band corresponding to non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 with the expected molecular mass was observed on SDS-PAGE, and the identity of rbIFN-λ3 was confirmed <em>via</em> western blotting. Our results indicated that bacterially expressed rbIFN-λ3 without glycosylation demonstrated concentration-dependent antiviral activity, effectively reducing BVDV replication. These results indicate that glycosylation is not required for the antiviral function of bovine IFN-λ3, and supports the potential of using bacterially expressed, non-glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 in antiviral therapies against BVDV infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106042
Simon R. Clegg , Andrew S. Cooke , Elektra Poluha , Stefan H. Millson , Joseph W. Angell , Nicholas J. Evans
Lameness is one of the major diseases on UK farms and worldwide and can be caused by environmental damage and/or infection. The pathogens associated with infectious lameness, namely Fusobacterium necrophorum, Dichelobacter nodosus and pathogenic Treponema species are responsible for substantial economic losses. The lack of knowledge on reservoirs of these pathogens is concerning and wild deer may pose a potential risk for livestock infection. This study investigated the prevalence of lameness associated bacteria on the feet of culled wild deer using molecular methods and subsequent isolation to characterise bacteria and allow comparison to livestock pathogens. With the exception of Treponema medium, all the other pathogens were detected on deer feet with sika deer carrying the fewest pathogens and muntjac and roe carrying the most. Muntjac deer were significantly more likely than other deer species to carry F. necrophorum. Body condition score was a significant factor associated with pathogen carriage, with a higher body condition score leading to lower pathogen carriage. Identical treponemes based on 16S rRNA genes were isolated to those found in cattle and sheep. The assessment of the antimicrobials which the Treponema isolates were susceptible to, showed a high similarity to those previously reported in livestock, thus further suggesting carriage of similar bacteria. This study shows that wild deer within the UK are carriers for lameness bacteria but are asymptomatic. The infection risk which these wild ruminant ungulates pose to livestock species requires further research. This study begins to suggest a potential wildlife reservoir for lameness associated bacteria.
{"title":"Wild UK deer as carriers of livestock lameness associated pathogens","authors":"Simon R. Clegg , Andrew S. Cooke , Elektra Poluha , Stefan H. Millson , Joseph W. Angell , Nicholas J. Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lameness is one of the major diseases on UK farms and worldwide and can be caused by environmental damage and/or infection. The pathogens associated with infectious lameness, namely <em>Fusobacterium necrophorum</em>, <em>Dichelobacter nodosus</em> and pathogenic <em>Treponema</em> species are responsible for substantial economic losses. The lack of knowledge on reservoirs of these pathogens is concerning and wild deer may pose a potential risk for livestock infection. This study investigated the prevalence of lameness associated bacteria on the feet of culled wild deer using molecular methods and subsequent isolation to characterise bacteria and allow comparison to livestock pathogens. With the exception of <em>Treponema medium</em>, all the other pathogens were detected on deer feet with sika deer carrying the fewest pathogens and muntjac and roe carrying the most. Muntjac deer were significantly more likely than other deer species to carry <em>F. necrophorum</em>. Body condition score was a significant factor associated with pathogen carriage, with a higher body condition score leading to lower pathogen carriage. Identical treponemes based on 16S rRNA genes were isolated to those found in cattle and sheep. The assessment of the antimicrobials which the <em>Treponema</em> isolates were susceptible to, showed a high similarity to those previously reported in livestock, thus further suggesting carriage of similar bacteria. This study shows that wild deer within the UK are carriers for lameness bacteria but are asymptomatic. The infection risk which these wild ruminant ungulates pose to livestock species requires further research. This study begins to suggest a potential wildlife reservoir for lameness associated bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106042"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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