Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105531
Jessica Frei, Franziska Feichtner, Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
This study aims to provide an initial database to gain more detailed knowledge of the trabecular and cortical bone structure of pelvic and femur bones in cats and smaller dogs. Additionally, the bony microarchitecture between cats and smaller dogs was compared to identify possible differences between those species. These findings could potentially improve the development of non-cemented total hip replacement (THR). To determine the bony microarchitecture, a total of 48 pelvises and thus 96 acetabuli and femora of smaller dogs (n = 21) and cats (n = 27) were analysed using microcomputed tomography. The parameters bone volume (BV/TV), bone surface (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), degree of anisotropy (DA), connectivity density (Conn. D) and mean bone density were measured and compared between the species. In addition, the femoral angle of antetorsion was determined on both sides of the body.
Overall, cats had fewer but thicker trabeculae than the small dogs in the analysed areas of the pelvis and femur. This resulted in a greater trabecular distance in cats than in small dogs. Together with a higher cortical bone density at the femoral shaft in cats, it could be determined that cats have a more stable bone architecture in the measured areas than smaller dogs. The angle of antetorsion did not differ significantly between the cats and the dogs examined.
{"title":"Microcomputed tomographic analysis of the trabecular and cortical architecture of the proximal femur and hip bone of cats and small breed dogs","authors":"Jessica Frei, Franziska Feichtner, Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to provide an initial database to gain more detailed knowledge of the trabecular and cortical bone structure of pelvic and femur bones in cats and smaller dogs. Additionally, the bony microarchitecture between cats and smaller dogs was compared to identify possible differences between those species. These findings could potentially improve the development of non-cemented total hip replacement (THR). To determine the bony microarchitecture, a total of 48 pelvises and thus 96 acetabuli and femora of smaller dogs (<em>n</em> = 21) and cats (<em>n</em> = 27) were analysed using microcomputed tomography. The parameters bone volume (BV/TV), bone surface (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), degree of anisotropy (DA), connectivity density (Conn. D) and mean bone density were measured and compared between the species. In addition, the femoral angle of antetorsion was determined on both sides of the body.</div><div>Overall, cats had fewer but thicker trabeculae than the small dogs in the analysed areas of the pelvis and femur. This resulted in a greater trabecular distance in cats than in small dogs. Together with a higher cortical bone density at the femoral shaft in cats, it could be determined that cats have a more stable bone architecture in the measured areas than smaller dogs. The angle of antetorsion did not differ significantly between the cats and the dogs examined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 105531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105528
Adriane Toledo da Silva , Debora Castro de Souza , Lisseth Bibiana Puentes Figueroa , Amanda do Carmo Alves , Tiago Moreira Facury , Eustáquio Souza Dias , Fábio Ribeiro Braga , Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares
The aim of this study was to evaluate the proteolytic profile of the cell-free crude extract (CFCE) of Pleurotus djamor and its nematicidal action on Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. larvae in coprocultures. Solid-state fermentation was used to produce proteases by P. djamor. The proteolytic and specific activity of CFCE was measured, and its proteolytic profile was revealed using a zymogram. The nematicidal assay of CFCE in coprocultures was evaluated using two groups: the control group (G1) containing 1 mL of CFCE with denatured enzymes +10 g of positive feces, and the treated group (G2) containing 1 mL of active CFCE +10 g of positive feces. For each group, 10 repetitions were carried out. A proteolytic activity of 7.5 ± 0.9 U mL−1 and a specific activity of 30 ± U mg−1 were measured. With regard to the nematicidal assay, there was a significant 35 % reduction in the number of larvae recovered from G2 compared to G1. The zymogram showed the presence of at least two proteases in the active CFCE of P. djamor with molecular weights between 75 and 100 kDa. The results suggest that the CFCE of P. djamor has nematicidal potential even in the feces environment.
{"title":"Proteolytic profile and nematicidal potential of proteases produced by Pleurotus djamor in coprocultures","authors":"Adriane Toledo da Silva , Debora Castro de Souza , Lisseth Bibiana Puentes Figueroa , Amanda do Carmo Alves , Tiago Moreira Facury , Eustáquio Souza Dias , Fábio Ribeiro Braga , Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the proteolytic profile of the cell-free crude extract (CFCE) of <em>Pleurotus djamor</em> and its nematicidal action on <em>Haemonchus</em> spp. and <em>Trichostrongylus</em> spp. larvae in coprocultures. Solid-state fermentation was used to produce proteases by <em>P. djamor</em>. The proteolytic and specific activity of CFCE was measured, and its proteolytic profile was revealed using a zymogram. The nematicidal assay of CFCE in coprocultures was evaluated using two groups: the control group (G1) containing 1 mL of CFCE with denatured enzymes +10 g of positive feces, and the treated group (G2) containing 1 mL of active CFCE +10 g of positive feces. For each group, 10 repetitions were carried out. A proteolytic activity of 7.5 ± 0.9 U mL<sup>−1</sup> and a specific activity of 30 ± U mg<sup>−1</sup> were measured. With regard to the nematicidal assay, there was a significant 35 % reduction in the number of larvae recovered from G2 compared to G1. The zymogram showed the presence of at least two proteases in the active CFCE of <em>P. djamor</em> with molecular weights between 75 and 100 kDa. The results suggest that the CFCE of <em>P. djamor</em> has nematicidal potential even in the feces environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105524
Md. Matiur Rahman , Yasuo Inoshima
Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes or small EV (sEV) derived from biological fluids, such as milk, have garnered increasing interest in veterinary medicine because of their role in the pathophysiology and understanding of the disease status of the host. Bovine milk serves as a rich source of sEV, containing diverse cargoes of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which play a critical role in intercellular communication and regulation of host status. Although it is more difficult to isolate and purify sEV from bovine milk than from human breast milk, challenges persist in enabling the enrichment and analysis of sEV populations, facilitating the elucidation of their functional roles and prognostic potential in cattle diseases. Moreover, owing to their availability, ease of collection, noninvasive nature, and low cost, bovine milk sEV could be an excellent resource for research in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, the development of sEV-based prognosis is promising for improving veterinary medicine through the early detection of diseases and personalized therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of bovine milk sEV related to disease monitoring, host physiology, and immune regulation, and highlight their potential applications in advancing veterinary medicine. The prognostic and therapeutic potential of bovine milk sEV could be unlocked by combining knowledge from many fields, creating new opportunities for the development of precise, early prognostic, and focused therapeutic interventions for diseases in veterinary medicine.
{"title":"Prospects of bovine milk small extracellular vesicles in veterinary medicine","authors":"Md. Matiur Rahman , Yasuo Inoshima","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes or small EV (sEV) derived from biological fluids, such as milk, have garnered increasing interest in veterinary medicine because of their role in the pathophysiology and understanding of the disease status of the host. Bovine milk serves as a rich source of sEV, containing diverse cargoes of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which play a critical role in intercellular communication and regulation of host status. Although it is more difficult to isolate and purify sEV from bovine milk than from human breast milk, challenges persist in enabling the enrichment and analysis of sEV populations, facilitating the elucidation of their functional roles and prognostic potential in cattle diseases. Moreover, owing to their availability, ease of collection, noninvasive nature, and low cost, bovine milk sEV could be an excellent resource for research in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, the development of sEV-based prognosis is promising for improving veterinary medicine through the early detection of diseases and personalized therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of bovine milk sEV related to disease monitoring, host physiology, and immune regulation, and highlight their potential applications in advancing veterinary medicine. The prognostic and therapeutic potential of bovine milk sEV could be unlocked by combining knowledge from many fields, creating new opportunities for the development of precise, early prognostic, and focused therapeutic interventions for diseases in veterinary medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105527
Ke Wang, Ying Hu, Jiangjiang Nie, Qinghua Zeng, Yu Hu, Huansheng Wu
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is a well-known RNA-binding protein initially identified for its role in inhibiting the growth of various human tumors. Members of the hnRNP family have also been implicated in both interferon production and RNA virus replication. However, the role of chicken hnRNPK (chhnRNPK) in the replication of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) remains unclear. In this study, we identified chhnRNPK as a protein that interacts with genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Following IBDV infection, chhnRNPK was recruited to the virus replication complex in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, chhnRNPK expression inhibited dsRNA-induced interferon production, specifically at the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) step. Overexpression of chhnRNPK significantly enhanced virus replication, while knockdown of chhnRNPK increased dsRNA-induced interferon production and subsequently disrupted IBDV replication. Collectively, these findings suggest that chhnRNPK promotes IBDV replication by interacting with genomic dsRNA, highlighting a novel host factor that regulates viral replication.
{"title":"Chicken hnRNPK suppresses interferon production, thereby enhancing IBDV replication","authors":"Ke Wang, Ying Hu, Jiangjiang Nie, Qinghua Zeng, Yu Hu, Huansheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is a well-known RNA-binding protein initially identified for its role in inhibiting the growth of various human tumors. Members of the hnRNP family have also been implicated in both interferon production and RNA virus replication. However, the role of chicken hnRNPK (chhnRNPK) in the replication of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) remains unclear. In this study, we identified chhnRNPK as a protein that interacts with genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Following IBDV infection, chhnRNPK was recruited to the virus replication complex in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, chhnRNPK expression inhibited dsRNA-induced interferon production, specifically at the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) step. Overexpression of chhnRNPK significantly enhanced virus replication, while knockdown of chhnRNPK increased dsRNA-induced interferon production and subsequently disrupted IBDV replication. Collectively, these findings suggest that chhnRNPK promotes IBDV replication by interacting with genomic dsRNA, highlighting a novel host factor that regulates viral replication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105526
Guoqiang Fan , Wenjing Chen , Jianxing He , Danping Wang , Xiaojing Yang
Previous research has identified bile acids (BAs) as a valuable supplement for animal feed, especially in the poultry industry. However, there is limited research on the use of bile acids as a preventative measure against intestinal inflammation in broilers. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary BAs on LPS-triggered intestinal inflammation in broilers. 180 Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four group: (1) broilers receiving a standard diet (Con group); (2) broilers from the Con category subjected to LPS challenge (LPS group); (3) broilers on a diet supplemented with BAs compound and exposed to LPS (BA+LPS group); and (4) broilers on a diet enriched with lithocholic acid (LCA) and challenged with LPS (LCA + LPS group).The results showed that the LPS challenge caused a notable rise in liver mass, plasma AST concentrations, and levels of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). BAs compounds or LCA improved intestinal morphological damage, inflammation response and bile acid metabolism (P < 0.05). Furthermore, analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that supplementation with BAs compounds or LCA mitigated the reduction in bacterial diversity, while also increasing the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Additionally, the increased abundance of Candidatus_Arthromitus due to BAs compound or LCA supplementation showed a significant negative correlation with the concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the supplementation of BAs compound or LCA has the potential to alleviate intestinal inflammation and regulate gut microbiota in broilers subjected to LPS challenge.
{"title":"Bile acids alleviate intestinal inflammation by modulating gut microbiota composition in LPS-challenged broilers","authors":"Guoqiang Fan , Wenjing Chen , Jianxing He , Danping Wang , Xiaojing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has identified bile acids (BAs) as a valuable supplement for animal feed, especially in the poultry industry. However, there is limited research on the use of bile acids as a preventative measure against intestinal inflammation in broilers. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary BAs on LPS-triggered intestinal inflammation in broilers. 180 Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four group: (1) broilers receiving a standard diet (Con group); (2) broilers from the Con category subjected to LPS challenge (LPS group); (3) broilers on a diet supplemented with BAs compound and exposed to LPS (BA+LPS group); and (4) broilers on a diet enriched with lithocholic acid (LCA) and challenged with LPS (LCA + LPS group).The results showed that the LPS challenge caused a notable rise in liver mass, plasma AST concentrations, and levels of inflammatory cytokines (<em>P</em> < 0.05). BAs compounds or LCA improved intestinal morphological damage, inflammation response and bile acid metabolism (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Furthermore, analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that supplementation with BAs compounds or LCA mitigated the reduction in bacterial diversity, while also increasing the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Additionally, the increased abundance of Candidatus_Arthromitus due to BAs compound or LCA supplementation showed a significant negative correlation with the concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines (<em>P</em> < 0.05). These results suggest that the supplementation of BAs compound or LCA has the potential to alleviate intestinal inflammation and regulate gut microbiota in broilers subjected to LPS challenge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105525
Lady Consuelo Calixto-Vega , Andrés Felipe Castro-Mesa , José Ramón Martínez-Aranzales
This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the presence of gastric habronematidosis using gastroscopy and histopathology as diagnostic methods, in addition to evaluating the relationship between the parasite presence and concurrent gastric diseases. Numerous studies have been carried out with equines, mules not being targeted even though these are representative species because of number and the various agricultural tasks they perform worldwide. To fill this gap in the literature, this study evaluated a population of 97 male and female mules over two years old using two diagnostic methods. Samples were taken from the gastric mucosa of mules presenting lesions compatible with Squamous Gastric Disease (SGD) or Glandular Gastric Disease (GGD). The Spearman's test was used to determine the correlation coefficients between the outcomes and explanatory variables of the study, i.e., parasites with gastritis/equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS)/GGD/SGD/age/sex/body condition score (BCS). Gastroscopy evidenced the presence of nematodes morphologically compatible with Habronema spp. in 11.3 % of the individuals, and histopathology showed that 5.6 % of the mules had inflammatory processes associated with chronic eosinophilic gastritis with intralesional parasites. No correlation (p > 0,05) was found between the presence of parasites and the variables studied. These results confirm the presence of gastric habronematidosis in mules, which has not been reported for this species.
{"title":"Gastric habronematidosis in mules: Gastroscopy and histopathology-based diagnosis","authors":"Lady Consuelo Calixto-Vega , Andrés Felipe Castro-Mesa , José Ramón Martínez-Aranzales","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the presence of gastric habronematidosis using gastroscopy and histopathology as diagnostic methods, in addition to evaluating the relationship between the parasite presence and concurrent gastric diseases. Numerous studies have been carried out with equines, mules not being targeted even though these are representative species because of number and the various agricultural tasks they perform worldwide. To fill this gap in the literature, this study evaluated a population of 97 male and female mules over two years old using two diagnostic methods. Samples were taken from the gastric mucosa of mules presenting lesions compatible with Squamous Gastric Disease (SGD) or Glandular Gastric Disease (GGD). The Spearman's test was used to determine the correlation coefficients between the outcomes and explanatory variables of the study, i.e., parasites with gastritis/equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS)/GGD/SGD/age/sex/body condition score (BCS). Gastroscopy evidenced the presence of nematodes morphologically compatible with <em>Habronema</em> spp. in 11.3 % of the individuals, and histopathology showed that 5.6 % of the mules had inflammatory processes associated with chronic eosinophilic gastritis with intralesional parasites. No correlation (<em>p</em> > 0,05) was found between the presence of parasites and the variables studied. These results confirm the presence of gastric habronematidosis in mules, which has not been reported for this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105518
Javier Caballero-Gómez , Gabriel Ávalos , Pablo Matas-Méndez , Ana M. Figueiredo , Sabrina Castro-Scholten , Débora Jiménez-Martín , Pamela C. Köster , Mónica Santín , Begoña Bailo , David Cano-Terriza , Pedro Sarmento , Nuno Neves , Carlos Carrapato , David González-Barrio , Marta Mateo , Ignacio García-Bocanegra , Alejandro Dashti , Sergio Sánchez , David Carmena
Recent molecular and metagenomic studies have revealed that the obligate anaerobic protist Blastocystis is found more prevalently and with higher subtype diversities in herbivore species than in carnivore species. However, information on wild carnivore species is scarce. Here, we investigated the presence of Blastocystis by molecular methods in fecal DNA samples of free-ranging and captive Iberian lynxes from Spain (n = 243) and Portugal (n = 30). In addition, a systematic review was conducted to obtain information on the Blastocystis prevalence rates and subtype diversities reported in free-living and captive wild carnivores worldwide during the period 2000–2024. Blastocystis was not detected by PCR in any of the samples investigated. Analyses of the data gathered from our systematic review revealed that Blastocystis is uncommon either in free-living (2.1 %, 29/1377) or captive (8.5 %, 100/1175) wild carnivore species. Many of these findings seem to result from accidental acquisition via prey animals, scavenging, contaminated water/feed (free-ranging wild carnivores), or cross-species transmission among animals sharing enclosures (captive wild carnivores). Comparative metagenomic studies analyzing gut microbiota profiles of carnivores are needed to fully understand how microbial communities affect Blastocystis colonization.
{"title":"Dietary profiles of wild carnivores and Blastocystis occurrence: The case of the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and systematic review","authors":"Javier Caballero-Gómez , Gabriel Ávalos , Pablo Matas-Méndez , Ana M. Figueiredo , Sabrina Castro-Scholten , Débora Jiménez-Martín , Pamela C. Köster , Mónica Santín , Begoña Bailo , David Cano-Terriza , Pedro Sarmento , Nuno Neves , Carlos Carrapato , David González-Barrio , Marta Mateo , Ignacio García-Bocanegra , Alejandro Dashti , Sergio Sánchez , David Carmena","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent molecular and metagenomic studies have revealed that the obligate anaerobic protist <em>Blastocystis</em> is found more prevalently and with higher subtype diversities in herbivore species than in carnivore species. However, information on wild carnivore species is scarce. Here, we investigated the presence of <em>Blastocystis</em> by molecular methods in fecal DNA samples of free-ranging and captive Iberian lynxes from Spain (<em>n</em> = 243) and Portugal (<em>n</em> = 30). In addition, a systematic review was conducted to obtain information on the <em>Blastocystis</em> prevalence rates and subtype diversities reported in free-living and captive wild carnivores worldwide during the period 2000–2024. <em>Blastocystis</em> was not detected by PCR in any of the samples investigated. Analyses of the data gathered from our systematic review revealed that <em>Blastocystis</em> is uncommon either in free-living (2.1 %, 29/1377) or captive (8.5 %, 100/1175) wild carnivore species. Many of these findings seem to result from accidental acquisition via prey animals, scavenging, contaminated water/feed (free-ranging wild carnivores), or cross-species transmission among animals sharing enclosures (captive wild carnivores). Comparative metagenomic studies analyzing gut microbiota profiles of carnivores are needed to fully understand how microbial communities affect <em>Blastocystis</em> colonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105523
Liliana Basabe-Tuero , Lázara Ayala , Ivette Espinosa , Yeleiny Machín , Liany Coto , Carlos Duarte , Soraya Piloto , Antonio Morales , Osmany Rodrigo , David Diago , Iliana Sosa , Mario Pablo Estrada , Rebeca Martínez
Porcine respiratory diseases have a huge economic impact on pig production. The highest incidence of these diseases is commonly linked to Streptococcus suis, Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica, some of which are zoonotic posing a risk to human health. The inappropriate and excessive use of conventional antibiotics, as usual procedure for treating respiratory diseases in pigs, has generated the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which urgently requires the development of alternative approaches to current antimicrobials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have rapidly garnered interest as novel therapeutic candidates. Oreochromicin-2 (Oreoch-2), an AMP previously isolated from Oreochromis niloticus gills, has shown broad antibacterial properties against several species. However, studies about its effect on porcine respiratory pathogens and its potential use for the treatment of swine respiratory diseases are not available. In this work we determined the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the peptide against S. suis by a broth microdilution method. Oreoch-2 showed a MIC of 3.13 μM against this pathogen. For in vivo experiments, Yorkshire x Landrace crossbred (LYxL35) weaning pigs aged 30–33 days were allocated in pens containing ten pigs each. To study the influence of the peptide on health status, a total clinical score was determined. The administration of Oreoch-2 improved the clinical behavior of the animals, similar to the conventional antibiotic shotapen, respect to the placebo group. A reduction of bacterial loads in the respiratory tract and lungs was observed in Oreoch-2-treated animals as compared to the placebo group. It was shown that peptide treated-piglets displayed significantly higher serum IgG concentration compared to the control group. These results demonstrated Oreoch-2 potential as an antimicrobial and immunostimulant drug candidate against respiratory diseases in pigs.
{"title":"Oreochromicin-2 shows antimicrobial and immunostimulant effect against respiratory pathogens in pigs","authors":"Liliana Basabe-Tuero , Lázara Ayala , Ivette Espinosa , Yeleiny Machín , Liany Coto , Carlos Duarte , Soraya Piloto , Antonio Morales , Osmany Rodrigo , David Diago , Iliana Sosa , Mario Pablo Estrada , Rebeca Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine respiratory diseases have a huge economic impact on pig production. The highest incidence of these diseases is commonly linked to <em>Streptococcus suis</em>, <em>Pasteurella multocida</em> and <em>Bordetella bronchiseptica</em>, some of which are zoonotic posing a risk to human health. The inappropriate and excessive use of conventional antibiotics, as usual procedure for treating respiratory diseases in pigs, has generated the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which urgently requires the development of alternative approaches to current antimicrobials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have rapidly garnered interest as novel therapeutic candidates. Oreochromicin-2 (Oreoch-2), an AMP previously isolated from <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> gills, has shown broad antibacterial properties against several species. However, studies about its effect on porcine respiratory pathogens and its potential use for the treatment of swine respiratory diseases are not available. In this work we determined the <em>in vitro</em> antimicrobial activity of the peptide against <em>S. suis</em> by a broth microdilution method. Oreoch-2 showed a MIC of 3.13 μM against this pathogen. For <em>in vivo</em> experiments, Yorkshire x Landrace crossbred (LYxL35) weaning pigs aged 30–33 days were allocated in pens containing ten pigs each. To study the influence of the peptide on health status, a total clinical score was determined. The administration of Oreoch-2 improved the clinical behavior of the animals, similar to the conventional antibiotic shotapen, respect to the placebo group. A reduction of bacterial loads in the respiratory tract and lungs was observed in Oreoch-2-treated animals as compared to the placebo group. It was shown that peptide treated-piglets displayed significantly higher serum IgG concentration compared to the control group. These results demonstrated Oreoch-2 potential as an antimicrobial and immunostimulant drug candidate against respiratory diseases in pigs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lymphoma is the most common neoplasia in the intestine of cats. According to ACVIM consensus statement, low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITCL) represents a monomorphic infiltration of the lamina propria or epithelium or both of cats with small, mature, neoplastic (clonal) T lymphocytes. Despite the importance as contributing factors of inheritance and environment in the pathogenesis of LGITCL, the chronic inflammatory status plays a fundamental role. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible diagnostic and prognostic parameters in LGITCL. Selected fecal bacteria and serum biomarkers (serum amyloid A [SAA]; citrulline; total protein; amylase; lipase; DGGR lipase; cholesterol; lipopolysaccharides [LPS], and zonulin) were evaluated in 12 cats (lymphoma group – LG) with histologically diagnosed low-grade intestinal T- cell lymphoma (LGITCL) and then compared with a control group consisting of 12 clinically healthy cats (CG). The evaluation of fecal bacterial population showed the significant decrease of Faecalibacterium spp. (P = 0,045) and Clostridium hiranonis (P = 0,0433) and a significant increase in E. coli (P = 0,045), Streptococcus spp. (P = 0,0003) and Turicibacter spp. (P = 0,0056) in the lymphoma group. Serology showed a significant decrease of total proteins (P = 0,092), amylase (P = 0,092) and cholesterol (P = 0,0112) in LG group compared to controls. The present results allowed the authors to state that in cats LGITCL is possibly associated to a change in the gastrointestinal environment and to a condition of protein losing enteropathy. Further studies with a larger cohort of patients are needed to confirm the present results and to point out other possible changes.
{"title":"Evaluation of serum and fecal parameters in cats with low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITCL)","authors":"Alessandra Gavazza , Sara Mangiaterra , Livio Galosi , Alessia Dottori , Lucia Biagini , Graziano Pengo , Jan Suchodolski , Matteo Cerquetella , Giacomo Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lymphoma is the most common neoplasia in the intestine of cats. According to ACVIM consensus statement, low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITCL) represents a monomorphic infiltration of the lamina propria or epithelium or both of cats with small, mature, neoplastic (clonal) T lymphocytes. Despite the importance as contributing factors of inheritance and environment in the pathogenesis of LGITCL, the chronic inflammatory status plays a fundamental role. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible diagnostic and prognostic parameters in LGITCL. Selected fecal bacteria and serum biomarkers (serum amyloid A [SAA]; citrulline; total protein; amylase; lipase; DGGR lipase; cholesterol; lipopolysaccharides [LPS], and zonulin) were evaluated in 12 cats (lymphoma group – LG) with histologically diagnosed low-grade intestinal T- cell lymphoma (LGITCL) and then compared with a control group consisting of 12 clinically healthy cats (CG). The evaluation of fecal bacterial population showed the significant decrease of <em>Faecalibacterium</em> spp. (<em>P</em> = 0,045) and <em>Clostridium hiranonis</em> (<em>P</em> = 0,0433) and a significant increase in <em>E. coli</em> (P = 0,045), <em>Streptococcus</em> spp. (P = 0,0003) and <em>Turicibacter</em> spp. (<em>P</em> = 0,0056) in the lymphoma group. Serology showed a significant decrease of total proteins (<em>P</em> = 0,092), amylase (P = 0,092) and cholesterol (P = 0,0112) in LG group compared to controls. The present results allowed the authors to state that in cats LGITCL is possibly associated to a change in the gastrointestinal environment and to a condition of protein losing enteropathy. Further studies with a larger cohort of patients are needed to confirm the present results and to point out other possible changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105513
Ximena Ferrara Muñiz , Wanderson Marques da Silva , Sergio Gabriel Garbaccio , Carlos Javier Garro , Romina Ayelén Sammarruco , Micaela Encinas , Hugo Adrián Carignano , María Verónica Bianco , Martín José Zumárraga , Ángel Adrián Cataldi , María Emilia Eirin
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a global zoonotic disease, causes negative effects on human and animal health. PhoP protein is a key regulator of pathogenic phenotypes in members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which includes the causative agent of bTB. Despite extensive research on this protein focused in deciphering its regulatory role, little was explored about it as a diagnostic antigen. In humans, a novel role of anti-PhoP antibodies as a possible marker for the diagnosis of TB was demonstrated. However, this issue was not addressed in bovines. In this study, antigenic properties of the PhoP protein were evaluated in naturally Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infected bovines. A high homology of PhoP (≥ 75 %) was observed in environmental mycobacterial species and other genera such as Salmonella and Pasteurella. Using the IFN-gamma release assay (IGRA), we detected cell-mediated immune response against PhoP in cattle from infected herds (25 %; IC 95 % 3.2–65.1), although it was significantly lower than that evoked by the reference antigens, ESAT-6/CFP-10/Rv3615c (75 %; IC95 % 34.9–96.8), and the purified protein derivative (87.5 %; IC 95 % 47.4–99.7) (p < 0.05)). Animals from a bTB free area showed no response against PhoP when analyzed by IGRA. Although, the humoral response detected 62.5 % (CI95% 24.5–91.5) of naturally infected animals, there was 100 % cross-reactivity among TB-free cattle. These results suggest that the PhoP protein is not a promising candidate for bTB diagnosis, due to it had relatively low levels of test sensitivity in the IGRA test, and very low specificity in a humoral antibody western blot assay.
{"title":"Performance of the PhoP (Rv0757/Mb0780) protein as diagnostic antigen for bovine tuberculosis","authors":"Ximena Ferrara Muñiz , Wanderson Marques da Silva , Sergio Gabriel Garbaccio , Carlos Javier Garro , Romina Ayelén Sammarruco , Micaela Encinas , Hugo Adrián Carignano , María Verónica Bianco , Martín José Zumárraga , Ángel Adrián Cataldi , María Emilia Eirin","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a global zoonotic disease, causes negative effects on human and animal health. PhoP protein is a key regulator of pathogenic phenotypes in members of the <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex</em>, which includes the causative agent of bTB. Despite extensive research on this protein focused in deciphering its regulatory role, little was explored about it as a diagnostic antigen. In humans, a novel role of anti-PhoP antibodies as a possible marker for the diagnosis of TB was demonstrated. However, this issue was not addressed in bovines. In this study, antigenic properties of the PhoP protein were evaluated in naturally <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> (<em>M. bovis</em>) infected bovines. A high homology of PhoP (≥ 75 %) was observed in environmental mycobacterial species and other genera such as <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Pasteurella</em>. Using the IFN-gamma release assay (IGRA), we detected cell-mediated immune response against PhoP in cattle from infected herds (25 %; IC 95 % 3.2–65.1), although it was significantly lower than that evoked by the reference antigens, ESAT-6/CFP-10/Rv3615c (75 %; IC95 % 34.9–96.8), and the purified protein derivative (87.5 %; IC 95 % 47.4–99.7) (<em>p</em> < 0.05)). Animals from a bTB free area showed no response against PhoP when analyzed by IGRA. Although, the humoral response detected 62.5 % (CI95% 24.5–91.5) of naturally infected animals, there was 100 % cross-reactivity among TB-free cattle. These results suggest that the PhoP protein is not a promising candidate for bTB diagnosis, due to it had relatively low levels of test sensitivity in the IGRA test, and very low specificity in a humoral antibody western blot assay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号