Research in veterinary science最新文献_第3页

Seroprevalence, molecular characterization, biotyping, and associated risk factors of bovine viral diarrhea in dairy cattle in Bangladesh 孟加拉国奶牛病毒性腹泻的血清阳性率、分子特征、生物分型和相关危险因素

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106065

Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana , Md Saiful Islam , Belayet Hossain , Abdul Ahad , David J. Hampson , Sam Abraham , Subir Sarker , Jully Gogoi-Tiwari , Jasim M. Uddin

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is globally endemic, with the ability to establish persistent infection (PI) being central to its complex epidemiology. Currently the genetic variability of BVDV in Bangladesh remains poorly understood. This study involved a survey in commercial dairy herds in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh in 2024/2025. A total of 373 blood samples were collected from cattle in 24 dairy herds. Serum and buffy coat samples were analyzed using antibody-ELISA and RT-qPCR targeting the 5′-UTR region, followed by sequencing. The MDBK cell line was used for virus isolation and biotyping. Herd and animal-level seroprevalences were 83.3% and 15.3%, respectively, while the corresponding viremic rates were 79.2% and 11.0%. Analysis of 41 sequences identified nine distinct BVDV-1 subgenotypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1 k, 1p, 1o, and 1v), with BVDV-1b (41.5%) and BVDV-2a (14.6%) predominating. Additionally, five HoBiPeV-a pestiviruses were detected. Among antigen-positive cattle, 38 (92.68%) were identified as transiently infected and 3 (7.3%) were confirmed as PI. Six (14.6%) and 27 (65.9%) were identified as cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes, respectively. Risk factors for BVDV seropositivity included: female sex (OR: 3.0), clinical disease in the past three months (OR: 2.4), crowding (OR: 2.9), and lack of dedicated clothing for farm workers (OR: 5.7). Active infection was associated with calves (OR: 6.2), heifers (OR: 2.3), stunted growth (OR: 3.0), technician-performed artificial insemination (OR: 10.4), and frequent neighboring farm visits (OR: 3.1). This study has provided data crucial for formulating prevention and control strategies against BVDV to safeguard the Bangladeshi dairy industry.

牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）在全球流行，其建立持续性感染（PI）的能力是其复杂流行病学的核心。目前，孟加拉国BVDV的遗传变异性仍然知之甚少。本研究涉及在2024/2025年对孟加拉国东南部的商业奶牛群进行调查。从24个奶牛群的牛身上共采集了373份血液样本。采用抗体- elisa和靶向5'-UTR区的RT-qPCR对血清和灰褐色皮毛样品进行分析，并进行测序。采用MDBK细胞系进行病毒分离和生物分型。兽群和动物血清感染率分别为83.3%和15.3%，相应的病毒血症率分别为79.2%和11.0%。对41个序列的分析发现9个不同的BVDV-1亚基因型（1a、1b、1c、1d、1e、1k、1p、10和1v），其中BVDV-1b（41.5%）和BVDV-2a（14.6%）占主导地位。此外，还检测到5种HoBiPeV-a鼠疫病毒。在抗原阳性的牛中，短暂感染38头（92.68%），确诊为PI 3头（7.3%）。6例（14.6%）和27例（65.9%）分别被鉴定为细胞病变和非细胞病变生物型。BVDV血清阳性的危险因素包括：女性（OR: 3.0）、过去三个月的临床疾病（OR: 2.4）、拥挤（OR: 2.9）和农场工人缺乏专用服装（OR: 5.7）。活动性感染与犊牛（OR: 6.2）、小母牛（OR: 2.3）、发育不良（OR: 3.0）、技术人员人工授精（OR: 10.4）和频繁访问邻近农场（OR: 3.1）相关。该研究为制定针对BVDV的预防和控制策略以保护孟加拉国乳制品行业提供了至关重要的数据。

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引用次数: 0

Electroretinographic measures and their correlation with retinal vascular calibers in bitches with pyometra-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome 脓脓诱发全身炎症反应综合征母狗视网膜电图测量及其与视网膜血管直径的关系

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106067

Fábio Dumit Pizzinatto , Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro , Bianca Eidt Rodrigues , Emilio Fernandes Rodrigues Junior

Pyometra is characterized by a uterine inflammatory process that leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Bitches with pyometra-induced SIRS (P-SIRS) develop marked retinal microvascular alterations that may affect ERG findings. Therefore, this study aimed to assess potential changes in implicit times, wave amplitudes in pyometra-induced SIRS. Furthermore, we evaluated possible correlations between retinal vascular calibers and ERG parameters in the same patients. A prospective observational study was conducted on 14 bitches diagnosed with P-SIRS and 10 clinically healthy bitches (CG). In the P-SIRS group, the caliber of the retinal arterioles was significantly smaller (p = 0.0004), whereas venules were significantly larger (p = 0.008). The amplitude of the a-wave in the mixed rod–cone response was significantly smaller in the P-SIRS group compared to the CG (p = 0.03). The a-wave implicit times in the mixed rod–cone response were negatively correlated with both retinal arteriolar (p = 0.01) and venular (p = 0.03) calibers (Table 5; Fig. 3). Positive correlations were also observed between arteriolar (p = 0.04) and venular (p = 0.01) calibers and photoreceptor negative response (PhNR). This study demonstrated that retinal arteriolar constriction and venular dilation in pyometra-induced SIRS reduces the a-wave amplitude in the mixed rod–cone response. The observed correlations between retinal vascular calibers and the implicit times of the a- and b-waves, as well as between PhNR and vessel calibers, suggest that SIRS-induced changes in retinal vasculature can alter retinal blood flow, which is reflected in ERG parameters.

脓膜炎的特点是子宫炎症过程，导致全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）。脓脓诱发SIRS （P-SIRS）的母狗会出现明显的视网膜微血管改变，这可能会影响ERG结果。因此，本研究旨在评估脓脓引起的SIRS中隐含时间和波幅的潜在变化。此外，我们评估了同一患者视网膜血管直径和ERG参数之间可能的相关性。对14只诊断为P-SIRS的公犬和10只临床健康公犬进行了前瞻性观察研究。p - sirs组视网膜小动脉直径明显减小（p = 0.0004），小静脉明显增大（p = 0.008）。p - sirs组混合杆锥反应的a波振幅明显小于CG组（p = 0.03）。混合杆锥反应中的a波隐式次数与视网膜小动脉（p = 0.01）和静脉（p = 0.03）直径呈负相关（表5；图3）。小动脉直径（p = 0.04）和静脉直径（p = 0.01）与光感受器负反应（PhNR）呈正相关。本研究表明，脓膜诱发的SIRS视网膜小动脉收缩和静脉扩张降低了混合杆-锥反应的a波振幅。观察到的视网膜血管直径与a波和b波隐含时间之间的相关性，以及PhNR与血管直径之间的相关性表明，sirs诱导的视网膜血管变化可以改变视网膜血流，这反映在ERG参数中。

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引用次数: 0

Intrauterine oxygen/ozone mixture for the treatment of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeder cows 宫内氧/臭氧混合液治疗重复种牛亚临床子宫内膜炎

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106075

Alice Carbonari , Matteo Burgio , Lorenza Frattina , Vincenzo Cicirelli , Fabrizio Iarussi , Maria Tempesta , Maria Stella Lucente , Annalisa Rizzo , Grazia Greco

Repeat Breeder Syndrome is a multifactorial condition in which subclinical endometritis (SCE) may represent an underlying cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an intrauterine oxygen/ozone gas mixture administered at heat in Repeat Breeder (RB) cows with SCE. Of 156 RB cows, 57 affected with SCE based on cytological evaluation using the cytobrush technique were enrolled in the controlled clinical trial. These cows were randomly allocated, using randomization software, into two groups including treated (GM; 30) and untreated (CON; 27) animals. The intrauterine bacteria occurrence was monitored before (T0) and 12 h (T12) after treatment, along with an evaluation of reproductive parameters after the 1st and 2nd artificial insemination (AI). At T0, both groups showed similar bacterial positivity rates (12/30, 40% GM vs. 14/27, 51.85% CON; p = 0.43). At T12, all GM-positive cows had cleared cultivable bacteria, whereas all CON-positive cows remained bacteriological positive (p = 0.00001). This result indicated a 100% in-vivo clearance of cultivable bacteria. Furthermore, increasing pregnancy percentages were recorded after the 1st and 2nd AI in GM group (9/30, 30% and 9/21, 43%, respectively; p < 0.05) compared to the CON group (2/27, 7% and 1/25, 4%, respectively; p < 0.001).

Overall, these preliminary findings suggest that intrauterine ozone therapy may represent a promising complementary tool for the management of SCE in RB cows, although further studies are required to confirm its efficacy and long-term benefits.

重复繁殖综合征是一种多因素疾病，其中亚临床子宫内膜炎（SCE）可能是潜在原因。本研究的目的是评价在高温下给予子宫内氧/臭氧混合气体对重复繁殖（RB） SCE奶牛的效果。选取156头RB奶牛进行对照临床试验，其中57头采用细胞刷技术进行细胞学评价。使用随机化软件将这些奶牛随机分配为两组，包括治疗组（转基因30头）和未治疗组（CON 27头）。在治疗前（T0）和治疗后12 h （T12）监测宫内细菌的发生情况，并在第一次和第二次人工授精（AI）后评估生殖参数。T0时，两组细菌阳性率相似（12/ 30,40% GM vs. 14/ 27,51.85% CON; p = 0.43）。在T12时，所有转基因阳性奶牛清除了可培养细菌，而所有con阳性奶牛仍保持细菌学阳性（p = 0.00001）。该结果表明可培养细菌的体内清除率为100%。GM组第1次和第2次人工授精后的妊娠率（分别为9/ 30,30%和9/ 21,43%,p < 0.05）高于CON组（分别为2/ 27.7%和1/ 25.4%,p < 0.001）。总的来说，这些初步研究结果表明，子宫内臭氧治疗可能是治疗RB奶牛SCE的一种有希望的补充工具，尽管需要进一步的研究来证实其有效性和长期效益。

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引用次数: 0

Primary phthalate metabolite concentrations in the hair of dairy cows in Kyrgyzstan 吉尔吉斯斯坦奶牛毛发中初级邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106074

Slawomir Gonkowski , Nariste Kadyralieva , Elena Vakonaki , Thomas Lamprakis , Manolis Tzatzarakis

Phthalates are commonly used in industry, contaminating the environment and harming living organisms. However, there is very limited information regarding farm animal exposure to these chemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of primary phthalate metabolites (monomethyl phthalate - MMP, monoethyl phthalate - MEP, mono-isobutyl phthalate - MiBP, monobutyl phthalate - MBP, monobenzyl phthalate - MBzP, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate - MCHP and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate - MEHP) in dairy cows' hair. Hair samples were collected from dairy cows bred in three regions of Kyrgyzstan. Phthalate metabolite levels were analysed using the liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method.

Phthalate metabolites were detected in dairy cow hair. MEHP was the most frequently observed (in 70.8% of samples), with a mean concentration (±standard deviation) of 27.3 ± 27.8 pg/mg. MiBP and MBP were found less frequently (in 60.4% of samples), with mean concentrations of 50.7 ± 103.9 pg/mg and 18.8 ± 31.7 pg/mg, respectively. MMP and MBzP were noted in 15% and 2.1% of the samples, respectively, and their mean concentrations were below the limit of detection (LOD). MEP and MCHP were not observed in hair samples in this study. Statistically significant differences in MEHP levels were noted between the regions included in the study.

The study has demonstrated that hair analysis is a suitable method for biomonitoring phthalates in cow's hair. Moreover, it has been shown that dairy cows in Kyrgyzstan are primarily exposed to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate, which are the parent substances of MEHP, MiBP, and MBP, respectively.

邻苯二甲酸酯通常用于工业，污染环境并危害生物。然而，关于农场动物接触这些化学物质的信息非常有限。因此，本研究旨在评估奶牛毛发中邻苯二甲酸一甲酯代谢物（邻苯二甲酸一乙酯- MMP、邻苯二甲酸一乙酯- MEP、邻苯二甲酸一异丁酯- MiBP、邻苯二甲酸一丁酯- MBP、邻苯二甲酸一苯二酯- MBzP、邻苯二甲酸一环己酯- MCHP和邻苯二甲酸一（2-乙基己酯）- MEHP）的水平。毛发样本采集自吉尔吉斯斯坦三个地区饲养的奶牛。采用液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）法分析邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物水平。在奶牛毛发中检测到邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物。MEHP是最常见的（占70.8%），平均浓度（±标准差）为27.3±27.8 pg/mg。MiBP和MBP的检测频率较低（占60.4%），平均浓度分别为50.7±103.9 pg/mg和18.8±31.7 pg/mg。MMP和MBzP的检出率分别为15%和2.1%，平均浓度均低于检出限（LOD）。本研究未在毛发样本中观察到MEP和MCHP。MEHP水平在纳入研究的地区之间有统计学上的显著差异。研究表明，毛发分析是一种适用于牛毛发中邻苯二甲酸盐生物监测的方法。此外，研究表明，吉尔吉斯斯坦的奶牛主要暴露于邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，它们分别是MEHP、MiBP和MBP的母体物质。

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引用次数: 0

A cluster analysis of veterinarians' antimicrobial prescription preferences for companion animals in Portugal 葡萄牙兽医对伴侣动物抗菌药物处方偏好的聚类分析。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106070

G.L.C. Alcântara , K. Pinello , M. Severo , J. Niza-Ribeiro

Background

Antimicrobial stewardship is essential to tackle antimicrobial resistance, particularly in veterinary practice where antimicrobials of high importance for human health require careful oversight. This study assessed prescribing patterns and concordance with FECAVA recommendations for prudent antimicrobial use across common clinical scenarios, providing a Europe-wide framework for responsible antimicrobial prescribing in companion animals.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among veterinarians in Portugal (October 2019–January 2020), covering 11 clinical scenarios and 18 therapeutic options, including ‘no antimicrobial therapy’. Descriptive, inferential, and cluster analyses were performed.

Results

Among 416 respondents, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (27.4%) and fluoroquinolones (13.8%) were most frequently chosen. Six prescribing clusters were identified: Cluster D (33.2%) was the largest, followed by Clusters C (23.3%) and F (22.1%). Younger veterinarians (<42 years) were more likely to belong to Cluster A (p < 0.001). Clusters A and F frequently selected ‘no antimicrobials,’ whereas Cluster B predominantly relied on amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and aminoglycosides. Concordance with FECAVA recommendations was highest in Cluster A and lowest in Cluster B. Importantly, consensus across clusters was observed for post-operative prophylaxis, wound treatment, and osteomyelitis, where prescription patterns aligned with FECAVA guidance.

Limitations

Limitations include potential recall and social desirability bias inherent to self-reported data, and the hypothetical scenarios did not account for case severity or previous antimicrobial exposure.

Conclusion

Six distinct prescribing profiles were identified, with broad-spectrum antimicrobials frequently selected. The variability in antimicrobial prescription recommendation between the profiles underscores the need for targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions to strengthen adherence to guidelines in companion animal practice.

背景：抗菌素管理对于解决抗菌素耐药性至关重要，特别是在兽医实践中，对人类健康具有高度重要性的抗菌素需要仔细监督。本研究评估了处方模式，并与FECAVA建议在常见临床情况下谨慎使用抗微生物药物的一致性，为伴侣动物中负责任的抗微生物药物处方提供了一个欧洲范围的框架。方法：对葡萄牙兽医进行横断面调查（2019年10月- 2020年1月），涵盖11种临床情况和18种治疗方案，包括“无抗菌治疗”。进行了描述性、推断性和聚类分析。结果：在416名受访者中，选择阿莫西林-克拉维酸（27.4%）和氟喹诺酮类药物（13.8%）的比例最高。共鉴定出6个处方类，其中D类占33.2%，其次是C类（23.3%）和F类（22.1%）。局限性：局限性包括自我报告数据固有的潜在召回和社会期望偏差，并且假设的场景没有考虑病例严重程度或先前的抗微生物药物暴露。结论：确定了6种不同的处方概况，经常选择广谱抗菌药物。不同情况下抗菌素处方推荐的差异强调了有针对性的抗菌素管理干预措施的必要性，以加强对伴侣动物实践指南的遵守。

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引用次数: 0

Bacterially expressed non-glycosylated recombinant bovine interferon lambda demonstrates antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus in cell culture 细菌表达的非糖基化重组牛干扰素lambda在细胞培养中显示出对牛病毒性腹泻病毒的抗病毒活性

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106071

David J. Holthausen , Kathryn A. Bickel , Gisselle N. Medina , Daniel W. Nielsen , Bryan S. Kaplan , Eduardo Casas , Rohana P. Dassanayake

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of economic concern for the cattle industry due to reproductive losses, persistently infected animals, and for contributing to the bovine respiratory disease complex. Bovine interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) is a type III interferon and a glycosylated cytokine with potent antiviral activity. The recombinant glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 (rbIFN-λ3) has antiviral activity against BVDV in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Bacterial expression systems provide a higher-yield and more cost-effective alternative to eukaryotic expression systems. The antiviral properties of bacterially expressed non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 against BVDV in cell culture was determined in this study. The coding sequence for the mature bovine IFN-λ3 was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 was expressed and purified. Cells were pre-treated with serial dilutions of rbIFN-λ3 one day prior to infection with BVDV. The rbIFN-λ3 treatment was repeated daily, and viral infection status was assessed three days post-infection using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody specific to the BVDV E2 glycoprotein. A single band corresponding to non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 with the expected molecular mass was observed on SDS-PAGE, and the identity of rbIFN-λ3 was confirmed via western blotting. Our results indicated that bacterially expressed rbIFN-λ3 without glycosylation demonstrated concentration-dependent antiviral activity, effectively reducing BVDV replication. These results indicate that glycosylation is not required for the antiviral function of bovine IFN-λ3, and supports the potential of using bacterially expressed, non-glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 in antiviral therapies against BVDV infections.

牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是一种对养牛业造成经济关注的病原体，因为它会造成繁殖损失，持续感染动物，并导致牛呼吸道疾病。牛干扰素λ3 （IFN-λ3）是一种III型干扰素和糖基化细胞因子，具有强大的抗病毒活性。重组糖基化牛IFN-λ3 （rbIFN-λ3）对牛肾（MDBK）细胞中BVDV具有抗病毒活性。细菌表达系统为真核表达系统提供了一种更高产量和更具成本效益的替代方案。本研究测定了细菌表达的非糖基化rbin -λ3在细胞培养中对BVDV的抗病毒性能。将成熟牛IFN-λ3的编码序列克隆到细菌表达载体上，表达并纯化了非糖基化的rbIFN-λ3。在感染BVDV前1天，用连续稀释的rbin -λ3预处理细胞。每天重复rbIFN-λ3治疗，并在感染后3天使用BVDV E2糖蛋白特异性单克隆抗体免疫组织化学评估病毒感染状态。在SDS-PAGE上观察到一条与预期分子质量相符的非糖基化rbIFN-λ3对应的单条带，并通过western blotting证实了rbIFN-λ3的身份。我们的研究结果表明，细菌表达的无糖基化的rbIFN-λ3具有浓度依赖性的抗病毒活性，有效地减少了BVDV的复制。这些结果表明，牛IFN-λ3的抗病毒功能不需要糖基化，并且支持使用细菌表达的非糖基化牛IFN-λ3抗病毒治疗BVDV感染的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

An evaluation of alternative buffers for the transport and detection of Moraxella bovis and M. bovoculi on cotton wool swabs 在棉签上对牛莫拉菌和博氏分枝杆菌进行运输和检测的备选缓冲液的评价

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106069

Louis H. Maartens , Bruce Gummow , John D. Grewar , Peter N. Thompson , Jacqueline A. Picard

Bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a globally important inflammatory condition affecting the eyes of cattle. The reliable detection of Moraxella bovis and M. bovoculi on conjunctival specimens is crucial for observational studies aiming to unravel the complex epidemiology of this disease. The stability of Moraxella DNA was evaluated in three experiments using cotton wool swabs spiked with varying concentrations of sample suspensions and submitted either with or without DNA stabilizers. Swabs were subjected to different storage temperatures (4 °C or 25 °C), and DNA was extracted at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h using an automated system, followed by qPCR analysis. DNA from both species remained detectable on damp cotton-wool swabs under all conditions, indicating resilience to transport delays and cold-chain interruptions. Although MagNA Pure Bacteria Lysis Buffer and MagNA Pure DNA Tissue Lysis Buffer provided acceptable stabilization, specimen submission without stabilizers was analytically more sensitive, detecting Moraxella DNA at higher dilutions and yielding higher inferred DNA concentrations (lower Cq values). These results indicate that Moraxella specimens can be packaged for transport without stabilizing buffers.

牛角膜结膜炎是一种影响牛眼睛的全球性重要炎症性疾病。结膜标本上牛莫拉菌和bovoculi分枝杆菌的可靠检测对于旨在揭示该疾病复杂流行病学的观察性研究至关重要。莫拉菌DNA的稳定性在三个实验中进行了评估，使用棉签加入不同浓度的样品悬浮液，并在有或没有DNA稳定剂的情况下提交。将拭子置于不同的储存温度（4°C或25°C）下，在0、24、48和72 h使用自动系统提取DNA，然后进行qPCR分析。在所有条件下，湿棉签上都能检测到这两个物种的DNA，这表明它们对运输延误和冷链中断的适应能力。尽管MagNA纯细菌裂解缓冲液和MagNA纯DNA组织裂解缓冲液提供了可接受的稳定性，但不使用稳定剂的样品提交在分析上更敏感，在更高的稀释度下检测莫拉氏菌DNA，并产生更高的推断DNA浓度（更低的Cq值）。这些结果表明莫拉菌标本可以在没有稳定缓冲液的情况下包装运输。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative effects of monensin and alternative feed additives on productive performance and rumen fermentation in Zebu beef cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis 莫能菌素和替代饲料添加剂对瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106072

Ingrid Guidi Ribeiro , Ana Clara Nogueira Gonçalves , Letícia Gobbo Oliveira , Guilherme Lobato Menezes , Ângela Maria Quintão Lana , Rafahel Carvalho Souza , Alan Figueiredo de Oliveira

Zebu cattle predominate in tropical beef systems, but no meta-analysis has compared monensin with alternative additives specifically in Zebu cattle. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of monensin and alternative feed additives on productive performance and rumen fermentation in Zebu beef cattle. Forty-seven studies (408 comparisons) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals and explored heterogeneity using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Average daily gain (ADG) was greater in animals receiving natural additives (+5.01%; MD = 0.063; CI: 0.048 to 0.078) or probiotics (+5.03%; MD = 0.083; CI: 0.021 to 0.145) than in those receiving monensin. In contrast, ADG was lower in animals treated with virginiamycin (−3.42%; MD = −0.042; CI: −0.073 to −0.010) or lasalocid (−14.5%; MD = −0.076; CI: −0.081 to −0.072). These increases in ADG with natural additives and probiotics could potentially shorten finishing time under typical feedlot conditions. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher in animals receiving monensin plus virginiamycin, natural additives, virginiamycin, monensin plus narasin, probiotics, narasin, and monensin plus probiotics compared with monensin alone. Feed efficiency (FE) was higher in animals supplemented with monensin plus virginiamycin (+2.05%; MD = 0.003; CI: 0.0003 to 0.006) but lower in those receiving virginiamycin alone (−9.90%; MD = −0.014; CI: −0.016 to −0.011) compared with monensin. Methane emissions did not differ among treatments, indicating similar effects on enteric methane production. Natural additives and probiotics increased ADG, but the diversity of compounds and inclusion levels limits identifying which specific components drive the response. Overall, monensin remains a consistent additive for improving FE in Zebu cattle, whereas combining it with virginiamycin resulted in even greater FE and may represent a useful strategy.

Zebu牛在热带牛肉系统中占主导地位，但没有荟萃分析将莫能菌素与替代添加剂特别在Zebu牛中进行比较。本荟萃分析旨在比较莫能菌素和替代饲料添加剂对瘤胃肉牛生产性能和瘤胃发酵的影响。纳入了47项研究（408项比较）。我们进行了随机效应荟萃分析，以95%的置信区间估计平均差异（MD），并使用亚组分析和荟萃回归探讨异质性。食用天然添加剂（+5.01%;MD = 0.063; CI: 0.048 ~ 0.078）或益生菌（+5.03%;MD = 0.083; CI: 0.021 ~ 0.145）的动物平均日增重（ADG）高于食用莫能菌素的动物。相比之下，维吉尼霉素（- 3.42%;MD = - 0.042; CI: - 0.073至- 0.010）或lasalocid （- 14.5%; MD = - 0.076; CI: - 0.081至- 0.072）处理的动物的ADG较低。在典型的饲养场条件下，添加天然添加剂和益生菌提高日增重可能会缩短育肥时间。与单用莫能菌素相比，莫能菌素加维吉尼霉素、天然添加剂、维吉尼霉素、莫能菌素加那霉素、益生菌、那霉素和莫能菌素加益生菌组的干物质采食量（DMI）更高。与莫能菌素相比，莫能菌素加维吉尼霉素组的饲料效率（FE）较高（+2.05%;MD = 0.003; CI: 0.0003 ~ 0.006），而单用维吉尼霉素组的饲料效率较低（- 9.90%;MD = - 0.014; CI: - 0.016 ~ - 0.011）。甲烷排放量在不同处理之间没有差异，表明对肠道甲烷产生的影响相似。天然添加剂和益生菌增加了平均日增重，但化合物的多样性和包含水平限制了确定哪些特定成分驱动反应。总的来说，莫能菌素仍然是提高瘤牛FE的一致添加剂，而将其与维吉尼霉素结合使用可以获得更高的FE，可能是一种有用的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes in Escherichia coli from young healthy chickens 来自健康雏鸡的大肠杆菌的抗微生物药物耐药性和毒力相关基因

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106062

Giulia Cagnoli , Fabrizio Bertelloni , Flavia Zendri , Dorina Timofte , Alessia Di Paolo , Margherita Marzoni Fecia di Cossato , Valentina Virginia Ebani

Escherichia coli is a commensal intestinal bacterium of humans and animals and is frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR and virulence factors in E. coli isolated from 120 young healthy chickens never treated with antibiotics and coccidiostats. The disk diffusion method employed on all 120 isolates revealed the highest resistance (11.67%) to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to aztreonam and gentamicin, whereas over 95% showed susceptibility to amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and ertapenem. Minimum inhibition concentration test found 7 (5.83%) isolates resistant to colistin. Eight strains (6.67%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). Molecular analyses conducted on resistant and intermediate isolates showed that 11/13 penicillin-resistant strains carried the blaTEM gene, 12/12 tetracycline-resistant strains had tetA, 4/14 chloramphenicol-resistant and 1/2 chloramphenicol-intermediate strains had cmlA. The astA gene, potentially indicative of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), was found in 15% of isolates. Virulence genes characterizing other pathotypes investigated were not detected. Chickens reared in optimal conditions and never treated with antibiotics may harbor antimicrobial-resistant and pathogenic bacterial strains that could become a public health hazard. Good farm management and hygiene are fundamental to reducing the circulation of pathogenic strains and the need for antimicrobial treatments.

大肠杆菌是人类和动物的一种共生肠道细菌，通常与抗菌素耐药性（AMR）有关。本研究对120只未使用抗生素和抗球虫药的健康雏鸡分离的大肠杆菌的表型和基因型AMR及毒力因子进行了研究。采用纸片扩散法对120株分离菌株对氯霉素和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑的耐药性最高（11.67%）。所有菌株对氨曲南和庆大霉素敏感，95%以上的菌株对阿米卡星、头孢西丁、环丙沙星和厄他培南敏感。最小抑制浓度试验发现7株（5.83%）对粘菌素耐药。发现8株（6.67%）耐多药（MDR）。耐药株和中间株分子分析结果显示，11/13株青霉素耐药株携带blaTEM基因，12/12株四环素耐药株携带tetA， 4/14株氯霉素耐药株和1/2氯霉素中间株携带cmlA。在15%的分离株中发现了可能指示肠聚集性大肠杆菌（EAEC）的astA基因。未检测到表征其他病原的毒力基因。在最佳条件下饲养的鸡，从未使用过抗生素，可能含有抗微生物和致病性细菌菌株，可能成为公共卫生危害。良好的农场管理和卫生对于减少病原菌株的传播和抗菌素治疗的需求至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Lumpy skin disease threat in Europe: Current situation, transmission dynamics and future prospects 欧洲肿块性皮肤病的威胁：现状、传播动态和未来前景

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106061

Kadir Yeşilbağ , Eda Baldan Toker , Mevlüt Yaşar , Jordi Casal , Annamaria Pratelli

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV, genus Capripoxvirus), is an emerging transboundary disease of cattle and water buffalo. Although rarely fatal, it results in severe economic losses due to decreased productivity, hide damage, infertility, and trade limitations. This review summarizes the etiology, susceptible hosts, modes of transmission, and advances in control, vaccination, and treatment strategies, with a particular focus on Europe, where spread into previously unaffected areas has recently been reported. Since its first identification in Zambia in 1929, LSD remained endemic in Africa for six decades before spreading into the Middle East, Asia, and Europe. Major outbreaks have subsequently occurred in Türkiye, the Balkans, Russia, Asian territories, and, most recently, in Italy, France, and Spain in 2025. Transmission is primarily vector-borne through blood-feeding arthropods, while animal movements and inadequate farm-level biosecurity further exacerbate the spread. Control measures such as vaccination with homologous live-attenuated vaccines, quarantine, and movement restrictions have proven effective in limiting outbreaks. LSD poses a significant threat to livestock health and trade globally. Coordinated surveillance, improved biosecurity, and vaccination remain the cornerstones of control. Continued research into antiviral and alternative therapeutic strategies to complement existing prevention measures is warranted. Killed vaccines may currently help to protect animals in pre-epidemic areas and slow the rate of epidemics.

肿块性皮肤病（LSD）是由肿块性皮肤病病毒（LSDV， Capripoxvirus属）引起的牛和水牛的一种新出现的跨界疾病。虽然很少致命，但由于生产力下降、隐藏损害、不育和贸易限制，它会造成严重的经济损失。本综述总结了该病的病原学、易感宿主、传播方式以及控制、疫苗接种和治疗策略方面的进展，并特别关注欧洲，因为最近有报告称欧洲向以前未受影响的地区传播了该病。自1929年首次在赞比亚被发现以来，LSD在非洲流行了60年，然后传播到中东、亚洲和欧洲。随后在乌克兰、巴尔干半岛、俄罗斯、亚洲领土以及最近的2025年在意大利、法国和西班牙发生了重大疫情。传播主要是通过吸血节肢动物媒介传播的，而动物运动和农场一级生物安全不足进一步加剧了传播。事实证明，接种同源减毒活疫苗、隔离和限制人员流动等控制措施对控制疫情是有效的。迷幻药对全球牲畜健康和贸易构成重大威胁。协调监测、改善生物安全和疫苗接种仍然是控制的基石。有必要继续研究抗病毒和替代治疗策略，以补充现有的预防措施。灭活疫苗目前可能有助于保护疫情前地区的动物，并减缓流行病的速度。

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引用次数: 0