Research in veterinary science最新文献_第3页

A cluster analysis of veterinarians' antimicrobial prescription preferences for companion animals in Portugal 葡萄牙兽医对伴侣动物抗菌药物处方偏好的聚类分析。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106070

G.L.C. Alcântara , K. Pinello , M. Severo , J. Niza-Ribeiro

Background

Antimicrobial stewardship is essential to tackle antimicrobial resistance, particularly in veterinary practice where antimicrobials of high importance for human health require careful oversight. This study assessed prescribing patterns and concordance with FECAVA recommendations for prudent antimicrobial use across common clinical scenarios, providing a Europe-wide framework for responsible antimicrobial prescribing in companion animals.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among veterinarians in Portugal (October 2019–January 2020), covering 11 clinical scenarios and 18 therapeutic options, including ‘no antimicrobial therapy’. Descriptive, inferential, and cluster analyses were performed.

Results

Among 416 respondents, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (27.4%) and fluoroquinolones (13.8%) were most frequently chosen. Six prescribing clusters were identified: Cluster D (33.2%) was the largest, followed by Clusters C (23.3%) and F (22.1%). Younger veterinarians (<42 years) were more likely to belong to Cluster A (p < 0.001). Clusters A and F frequently selected ‘no antimicrobials,’ whereas Cluster B predominantly relied on amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and aminoglycosides. Concordance with FECAVA recommendations was highest in Cluster A and lowest in Cluster B. Importantly, consensus across clusters was observed for post-operative prophylaxis, wound treatment, and osteomyelitis, where prescription patterns aligned with FECAVA guidance.

Limitations

Limitations include potential recall and social desirability bias inherent to self-reported data, and the hypothetical scenarios did not account for case severity or previous antimicrobial exposure.

Conclusion

Six distinct prescribing profiles were identified, with broad-spectrum antimicrobials frequently selected. The variability in antimicrobial prescription recommendation between the profiles underscores the need for targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions to strengthen adherence to guidelines in companion animal practice.

背景：抗菌素管理对于解决抗菌素耐药性至关重要，特别是在兽医实践中，对人类健康具有高度重要性的抗菌素需要仔细监督。本研究评估了处方模式，并与FECAVA建议在常见临床情况下谨慎使用抗微生物药物的一致性，为伴侣动物中负责任的抗微生物药物处方提供了一个欧洲范围的框架。方法：对葡萄牙兽医进行横断面调查（2019年10月- 2020年1月），涵盖11种临床情况和18种治疗方案，包括“无抗菌治疗”。进行了描述性、推断性和聚类分析。结果：在416名受访者中，选择阿莫西林-克拉维酸（27.4%）和氟喹诺酮类药物（13.8%）的比例最高。共鉴定出6个处方类，其中D类占33.2%，其次是C类（23.3%）和F类（22.1%）。局限性：局限性包括自我报告数据固有的潜在召回和社会期望偏差，并且假设的场景没有考虑病例严重程度或先前的抗微生物药物暴露。结论：确定了6种不同的处方概况，经常选择广谱抗菌药物。不同情况下抗菌素处方推荐的差异强调了有针对性的抗菌素管理干预措施的必要性，以加强对伴侣动物实践指南的遵守。

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引用次数: 0

Bacterially expressed non-glycosylated recombinant bovine interferon lambda demonstrates antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus in cell culture 细菌表达的非糖基化重组牛干扰素lambda在细胞培养中显示出对牛病毒性腹泻病毒的抗病毒活性

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106071

David J. Holthausen , Kathryn A. Bickel , Gisselle N. Medina , Daniel W. Nielsen , Bryan S. Kaplan , Eduardo Casas , Rohana P. Dassanayake

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of economic concern for the cattle industry due to reproductive losses, persistently infected animals, and for contributing to the bovine respiratory disease complex. Bovine interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) is a type III interferon and a glycosylated cytokine with potent antiviral activity. The recombinant glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 (rbIFN-λ3) has antiviral activity against BVDV in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Bacterial expression systems provide a higher-yield and more cost-effective alternative to eukaryotic expression systems. The antiviral properties of bacterially expressed non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 against BVDV in cell culture was determined in this study. The coding sequence for the mature bovine IFN-λ3 was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 was expressed and purified. Cells were pre-treated with serial dilutions of rbIFN-λ3 one day prior to infection with BVDV. The rbIFN-λ3 treatment was repeated daily, and viral infection status was assessed three days post-infection using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody specific to the BVDV E2 glycoprotein. A single band corresponding to non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 with the expected molecular mass was observed on SDS-PAGE, and the identity of rbIFN-λ3 was confirmed via western blotting. Our results indicated that bacterially expressed rbIFN-λ3 without glycosylation demonstrated concentration-dependent antiviral activity, effectively reducing BVDV replication. These results indicate that glycosylation is not required for the antiviral function of bovine IFN-λ3, and supports the potential of using bacterially expressed, non-glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 in antiviral therapies against BVDV infections.

牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是一种对养牛业造成经济关注的病原体，因为它会造成繁殖损失，持续感染动物，并导致牛呼吸道疾病。牛干扰素λ3 （IFN-λ3）是一种III型干扰素和糖基化细胞因子，具有强大的抗病毒活性。重组糖基化牛IFN-λ3 （rbIFN-λ3）对牛肾（MDBK）细胞中BVDV具有抗病毒活性。细菌表达系统为真核表达系统提供了一种更高产量和更具成本效益的替代方案。本研究测定了细菌表达的非糖基化rbin -λ3在细胞培养中对BVDV的抗病毒性能。将成熟牛IFN-λ3的编码序列克隆到细菌表达载体上，表达并纯化了非糖基化的rbIFN-λ3。在感染BVDV前1天，用连续稀释的rbin -λ3预处理细胞。每天重复rbIFN-λ3治疗，并在感染后3天使用BVDV E2糖蛋白特异性单克隆抗体免疫组织化学评估病毒感染状态。在SDS-PAGE上观察到一条与预期分子质量相符的非糖基化rbIFN-λ3对应的单条带，并通过western blotting证实了rbIFN-λ3的身份。我们的研究结果表明，细菌表达的无糖基化的rbIFN-λ3具有浓度依赖性的抗病毒活性，有效地减少了BVDV的复制。这些结果表明，牛IFN-λ3的抗病毒功能不需要糖基化，并且支持使用细菌表达的非糖基化牛IFN-λ3抗病毒治疗BVDV感染的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

An evaluation of alternative buffers for the transport and detection of Moraxella bovis and M. bovoculi on cotton wool swabs 在棉签上对牛莫拉菌和博氏分枝杆菌进行运输和检测的备选缓冲液的评价

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106069

Louis H. Maartens , Bruce Gummow , John D. Grewar , Peter N. Thompson , Jacqueline A. Picard

Bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a globally important inflammatory condition affecting the eyes of cattle. The reliable detection of Moraxella bovis and M. bovoculi on conjunctival specimens is crucial for observational studies aiming to unravel the complex epidemiology of this disease. The stability of Moraxella DNA was evaluated in three experiments using cotton wool swabs spiked with varying concentrations of sample suspensions and submitted either with or without DNA stabilizers. Swabs were subjected to different storage temperatures (4 °C or 25 °C), and DNA was extracted at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h using an automated system, followed by qPCR analysis. DNA from both species remained detectable on damp cotton-wool swabs under all conditions, indicating resilience to transport delays and cold-chain interruptions. Although MagNA Pure Bacteria Lysis Buffer and MagNA Pure DNA Tissue Lysis Buffer provided acceptable stabilization, specimen submission without stabilizers was analytically more sensitive, detecting Moraxella DNA at higher dilutions and yielding higher inferred DNA concentrations (lower Cq values). These results indicate that Moraxella specimens can be packaged for transport without stabilizing buffers.

牛角膜结膜炎是一种影响牛眼睛的全球性重要炎症性疾病。结膜标本上牛莫拉菌和bovoculi分枝杆菌的可靠检测对于旨在揭示该疾病复杂流行病学的观察性研究至关重要。莫拉菌DNA的稳定性在三个实验中进行了评估，使用棉签加入不同浓度的样品悬浮液，并在有或没有DNA稳定剂的情况下提交。将拭子置于不同的储存温度（4°C或25°C）下，在0、24、48和72 h使用自动系统提取DNA，然后进行qPCR分析。在所有条件下，湿棉签上都能检测到这两个物种的DNA，这表明它们对运输延误和冷链中断的适应能力。尽管MagNA纯细菌裂解缓冲液和MagNA纯DNA组织裂解缓冲液提供了可接受的稳定性，但不使用稳定剂的样品提交在分析上更敏感，在更高的稀释度下检测莫拉氏菌DNA，并产生更高的推断DNA浓度（更低的Cq值）。这些结果表明莫拉菌标本可以在没有稳定缓冲液的情况下包装运输。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative effects of monensin and alternative feed additives on productive performance and rumen fermentation in Zebu beef cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis 莫能菌素和替代饲料添加剂对瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106072

Ingrid Guidi Ribeiro , Ana Clara Nogueira Gonçalves , Letícia Gobbo Oliveira , Guilherme Lobato Menezes , Ângela Maria Quintão Lana , Rafahel Carvalho Souza , Alan Figueiredo de Oliveira

Zebu cattle predominate in tropical beef systems, but no meta-analysis has compared monensin with alternative additives specifically in Zebu cattle. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of monensin and alternative feed additives on productive performance and rumen fermentation in Zebu beef cattle. Forty-seven studies (408 comparisons) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals and explored heterogeneity using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Average daily gain (ADG) was greater in animals receiving natural additives (+5.01%; MD = 0.063; CI: 0.048 to 0.078) or probiotics (+5.03%; MD = 0.083; CI: 0.021 to 0.145) than in those receiving monensin. In contrast, ADG was lower in animals treated with virginiamycin (−3.42%; MD = −0.042; CI: −0.073 to −0.010) or lasalocid (−14.5%; MD = −0.076; CI: −0.081 to −0.072). These increases in ADG with natural additives and probiotics could potentially shorten finishing time under typical feedlot conditions. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher in animals receiving monensin plus virginiamycin, natural additives, virginiamycin, monensin plus narasin, probiotics, narasin, and monensin plus probiotics compared with monensin alone. Feed efficiency (FE) was higher in animals supplemented with monensin plus virginiamycin (+2.05%; MD = 0.003; CI: 0.0003 to 0.006) but lower in those receiving virginiamycin alone (−9.90%; MD = −0.014; CI: −0.016 to −0.011) compared with monensin. Methane emissions did not differ among treatments, indicating similar effects on enteric methane production. Natural additives and probiotics increased ADG, but the diversity of compounds and inclusion levels limits identifying which specific components drive the response. Overall, monensin remains a consistent additive for improving FE in Zebu cattle, whereas combining it with virginiamycin resulted in even greater FE and may represent a useful strategy.

Zebu牛在热带牛肉系统中占主导地位，但没有荟萃分析将莫能菌素与替代添加剂特别在Zebu牛中进行比较。本荟萃分析旨在比较莫能菌素和替代饲料添加剂对瘤胃肉牛生产性能和瘤胃发酵的影响。纳入了47项研究（408项比较）。我们进行了随机效应荟萃分析，以95%的置信区间估计平均差异（MD），并使用亚组分析和荟萃回归探讨异质性。食用天然添加剂（+5.01%;MD = 0.063; CI: 0.048 ~ 0.078）或益生菌（+5.03%;MD = 0.083; CI: 0.021 ~ 0.145）的动物平均日增重（ADG）高于食用莫能菌素的动物。相比之下，维吉尼霉素（- 3.42%;MD = - 0.042; CI: - 0.073至- 0.010）或lasalocid （- 14.5%; MD = - 0.076; CI: - 0.081至- 0.072）处理的动物的ADG较低。在典型的饲养场条件下，添加天然添加剂和益生菌提高日增重可能会缩短育肥时间。与单用莫能菌素相比，莫能菌素加维吉尼霉素、天然添加剂、维吉尼霉素、莫能菌素加那霉素、益生菌、那霉素和莫能菌素加益生菌组的干物质采食量（DMI）更高。与莫能菌素相比，莫能菌素加维吉尼霉素组的饲料效率（FE）较高（+2.05%;MD = 0.003; CI: 0.0003 ~ 0.006），而单用维吉尼霉素组的饲料效率较低（- 9.90%;MD = - 0.014; CI: - 0.016 ~ - 0.011）。甲烷排放量在不同处理之间没有差异，表明对肠道甲烷产生的影响相似。天然添加剂和益生菌增加了平均日增重，但化合物的多样性和包含水平限制了确定哪些特定成分驱动反应。总的来说，莫能菌素仍然是提高瘤牛FE的一致添加剂，而将其与维吉尼霉素结合使用可以获得更高的FE，可能是一种有用的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes in Escherichia coli from young healthy chickens 来自健康雏鸡的大肠杆菌的抗微生物药物耐药性和毒力相关基因

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106062

Giulia Cagnoli , Fabrizio Bertelloni , Flavia Zendri , Dorina Timofte , Alessia Di Paolo , Margherita Marzoni Fecia di Cossato , Valentina Virginia Ebani

Escherichia coli is a commensal intestinal bacterium of humans and animals and is frequently associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR and virulence factors in E. coli isolated from 120 young healthy chickens never treated with antibiotics and coccidiostats. The disk diffusion method employed on all 120 isolates revealed the highest resistance (11.67%) to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to aztreonam and gentamicin, whereas over 95% showed susceptibility to amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and ertapenem. Minimum inhibition concentration test found 7 (5.83%) isolates resistant to colistin. Eight strains (6.67%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). Molecular analyses conducted on resistant and intermediate isolates showed that 11/13 penicillin-resistant strains carried the blaTEM gene, 12/12 tetracycline-resistant strains had tetA, 4/14 chloramphenicol-resistant and 1/2 chloramphenicol-intermediate strains had cmlA. The astA gene, potentially indicative of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), was found in 15% of isolates. Virulence genes characterizing other pathotypes investigated were not detected. Chickens reared in optimal conditions and never treated with antibiotics may harbor antimicrobial-resistant and pathogenic bacterial strains that could become a public health hazard. Good farm management and hygiene are fundamental to reducing the circulation of pathogenic strains and the need for antimicrobial treatments.

大肠杆菌是人类和动物的一种共生肠道细菌，通常与抗菌素耐药性（AMR）有关。本研究对120只未使用抗生素和抗球虫药的健康雏鸡分离的大肠杆菌的表型和基因型AMR及毒力因子进行了研究。采用纸片扩散法对120株分离菌株对氯霉素和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑的耐药性最高（11.67%）。所有菌株对氨曲南和庆大霉素敏感，95%以上的菌株对阿米卡星、头孢西丁、环丙沙星和厄他培南敏感。最小抑制浓度试验发现7株（5.83%）对粘菌素耐药。发现8株（6.67%）耐多药（MDR）。耐药株和中间株分子分析结果显示，11/13株青霉素耐药株携带blaTEM基因，12/12株四环素耐药株携带tetA， 4/14株氯霉素耐药株和1/2氯霉素中间株携带cmlA。在15%的分离株中发现了可能指示肠聚集性大肠杆菌（EAEC）的astA基因。未检测到表征其他病原的毒力基因。在最佳条件下饲养的鸡，从未使用过抗生素，可能含有抗微生物和致病性细菌菌株，可能成为公共卫生危害。良好的农场管理和卫生对于减少病原菌株的传播和抗菌素治疗的需求至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Lumpy skin disease threat in Europe: Current situation, transmission dynamics and future prospects 欧洲肿块性皮肤病的威胁：现状、传播动态和未来前景

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106061

Kadir Yeşilbağ , Eda Baldan Toker , Mevlüt Yaşar , Jordi Casal , Annamaria Pratelli

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV, genus Capripoxvirus), is an emerging transboundary disease of cattle and water buffalo. Although rarely fatal, it results in severe economic losses due to decreased productivity, hide damage, infertility, and trade limitations. This review summarizes the etiology, susceptible hosts, modes of transmission, and advances in control, vaccination, and treatment strategies, with a particular focus on Europe, where spread into previously unaffected areas has recently been reported. Since its first identification in Zambia in 1929, LSD remained endemic in Africa for six decades before spreading into the Middle East, Asia, and Europe. Major outbreaks have subsequently occurred in Türkiye, the Balkans, Russia, Asian territories, and, most recently, in Italy, France, and Spain in 2025. Transmission is primarily vector-borne through blood-feeding arthropods, while animal movements and inadequate farm-level biosecurity further exacerbate the spread. Control measures such as vaccination with homologous live-attenuated vaccines, quarantine, and movement restrictions have proven effective in limiting outbreaks. LSD poses a significant threat to livestock health and trade globally. Coordinated surveillance, improved biosecurity, and vaccination remain the cornerstones of control. Continued research into antiviral and alternative therapeutic strategies to complement existing prevention measures is warranted. Killed vaccines may currently help to protect animals in pre-epidemic areas and slow the rate of epidemics.

肿块性皮肤病（LSD）是由肿块性皮肤病病毒（LSDV， Capripoxvirus属）引起的牛和水牛的一种新出现的跨界疾病。虽然很少致命，但由于生产力下降、隐藏损害、不育和贸易限制，它会造成严重的经济损失。本综述总结了该病的病原学、易感宿主、传播方式以及控制、疫苗接种和治疗策略方面的进展，并特别关注欧洲，因为最近有报告称欧洲向以前未受影响的地区传播了该病。自1929年首次在赞比亚被发现以来，LSD在非洲流行了60年，然后传播到中东、亚洲和欧洲。随后在乌克兰、巴尔干半岛、俄罗斯、亚洲领土以及最近的2025年在意大利、法国和西班牙发生了重大疫情。传播主要是通过吸血节肢动物媒介传播的，而动物运动和农场一级生物安全不足进一步加剧了传播。事实证明，接种同源减毒活疫苗、隔离和限制人员流动等控制措施对控制疫情是有效的。迷幻药对全球牲畜健康和贸易构成重大威胁。协调监测、改善生物安全和疫苗接种仍然是控制的基石。有必要继续研究抗病毒和替代治疗策略，以补充现有的预防措施。灭活疫苗目前可能有助于保护疫情前地区的动物，并减缓流行病的速度。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnostic evaluation of a recombinant chimeric Sporothrix brasiliensis protein-based ELISA for serological detection of feline sporotrichosis 重组嵌合巴西孢子菌蛋白酶联免疫吸附试验对猫孢子菌病血清学检测的诊断价值

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106059

Débora Matilde de Almeida , Laura de Vargas Maiocchi , Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira , Camila Moura de Lima , Martha Bravo Cruz Piñeiro , Gabriela Ladeira Sanzo , Tatiélen Hernandez Severo , Odir Antonio Dellagostin , Marcia de Oliveira Nobre , Sérgio Jorge

Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic infection caused by fungi of the Sporothrix schenkii complex, with S. brasiliensis being the most prevalent etiological agent in animals, particularly cats. Felines are highly susceptible to infection and may develop severe clinical forms characterized by extensive cutaneous lesions and systemic dissemination. In addition, infected cats play a major role in zoonotic transmission, as Sporothrix spp. can be transmitted to humans through bites and scratches. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis remains the isolation and identification of Sporothrix species from clinical samples, a process that requires prolonged culture prior to identification. However, the increasing number of cases highlights the need for a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic method. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of feline sporotrichosis using a recombinant chimeric S. brasiliensis protein. The antigen was designed from immunogenic fragments of two S. brasiliensis proteins, SsEno and Gp70, and expressed in a prokaryotic system. A total of 201 feline serum samples were analyzed, including 66 from cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis, 73 from healthy animals, and 62 from cats with other medical conditions. The assay demonstrated 97.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 89.4–99.6%) and 94.1% specificity (95% CI: 88.6%–97.4%). The recombinant chimeric antigen showed strong reactivity with sera from infected cats and no cross-reactivity with controls samples. These results indicate that this recombinant antigen-based ELISA is a simple, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic alternative with promising potential for validation and routine application in the diagnosis of feline sporotrichosis.

孢子菌病是一种由申氏孢子丝菌复合体真菌引起的人畜共患感染，其中巴西孢子丝菌是动物，特别是猫中最常见的病原。猫极易受到感染，并可能发展为严重的临床形式，其特征是广泛的皮肤病变和全身传播。此外，受感染的猫在人畜共患疾病传播中起主要作用，因为孢子丝虫可通过咬伤和抓伤传播给人类。孢子菌病诊断的金标准仍然是从临床样本中分离和鉴定孢子菌，这一过程需要在鉴定之前进行长时间的培养。然而，越来越多的病例强调需要一种可靠、快速和具有成本效益的诊断方法。本研究旨在建立一种间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA），利用重组嵌合巴西孢子虫蛋白诊断猫孢子虫病。该抗原由巴西葡萄球菌两种蛋白SsEno和Gp70的免疫原性片段设计而成，并在原核系统中表达。共分析了201份猫血清样本，其中66份来自被诊断患有孢子虫病的猫，73份来自健康动物，62份来自患有其他疾病的猫。该检测显示97.0%的敏感性（95% CI: 89.4-99.6%）和94.1%的特异性（95% CI: 88.6%-97.4%）。重组嵌合抗原与感染猫血清有较强的反应性，与对照无交叉反应性。这些结果表明，基于重组抗原的ELISA是一种简单、准确、低成本的诊断方法，在猫孢子虫病的诊断中具有验证和常规应用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Q fever in the 21st century: Uncovering diagnostic, epidemiological, and one health gaps in a re-emerging zoonosis 21世纪的Q热：揭示再次出现的人畜共患病的诊断、流行病学和一个卫生缺口。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106060

Foluke Olajumoke Jemilehin , Adelekan Oluseyi Okunlade , Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola , Happiness Chibuzo Obiechefu , Akeem Olayiwola Ahmed

Q fever, caused by the gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, remains a globally relevant but underappreciated zoonosis in the 21st century. Despite decades of research, the disease continues to pose diagnostic, epidemiological, and clinical challenges that hinder timely recognition and effective management. This review aims to synthesize current advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of C. burnetii, while critically examining the One Health gaps that sustain its persistence as a re-emerging zoonosis. We evaluate the strengths and limitations of existing diagnostic platforms, summarize recent progress in molecular epidemiology, and explore the underrecognized contributions of environmental and wildlife reservoirs to transmission. We further highlight disparities in surveillance and reporting, particularly in regions such as Africa and Asia, where the disease remains neglected. Looking ahead, we outline key priorities for research and practice. These include elucidating molecular mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions, identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers, deploying genomic epidemiology to capture global strain diversity, developing safer and more accessible vaccines, and operationalizing One Health frameworks to integrate veterinary, medical, and environmental surveillance. By clarifying these research and policy gaps, this review provides a roadmap for reducing the global burden of Q fever and offers broader insights into tackling other neglected zoonotic diseases at the human–animal–environment interface.

Q热是由革兰氏阴性专性胞内细菌伯纳克希菌引起的，在21世纪仍是一种与全球相关但未得到充分重视的人畜共患病。尽管进行了数十年的研究，但该病继续构成诊断、流行病学和临床方面的挑战，阻碍了及时识别和有效管理。本综述旨在综合目前在伯纳蒂菌流行病学、发病机制和诊断方面的进展，同时严格审查使其作为再次出现的人畜共患病持续存在的“同一个健康”差距。我们评估了现有诊断平台的优势和局限性，总结了分子流行病学的最新进展，并探讨了环境和野生水库对传播的未被充分认识的贡献。我们进一步强调监测和报告方面的差异，特别是在非洲和亚洲等疾病仍然被忽视的区域。展望未来，我们概述了研究和实践的重点。其中包括阐明宿主-病原体相互作用的分子机制，确定新的诊断性生物标志物，部署基因组流行病学以捕获全球菌株多样性，开发更安全、更容易获得的疫苗，以及实施“同一个健康”框架以整合兽医、医疗和环境监测。通过澄清这些研究和政策差距，本综述为减轻Q热的全球负担提供了路线图，并为在人-动物-环境界面处理其他被忽视的人畜共患疾病提供了更广泛的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Development and evaluation of recombinant protective antigen (rPA)-based indirect-ELISA for sero-monitoring of anthrax-specific antibodies in sheep 基于重组保护性抗原（rPA）间接elisa法检测绵羊炭疽特异性抗体的建立与评价

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106058

Sripada Sairam , Roopa Anandamurthy Hemanth , Suresh Bindu , Mandrira Ramakrishna Namrutha , Anand Shirisha , Pillenahalli Sadashivappa Pooja , Awadhesh Prajapati , Revanaiah Yogisharadhya , Nihar Nalini Mohanty , Sandeep Kumar Singh , Mohammed Mudassar Chanda , Sathish Bhadravati Shivachandra

Protective antigen (PA), a key exotoxin of Bacillus anthracis, is involved in the pathogenesis of anthrax, leading to ‘sudden death’ of affected herbivores. PA is also known to induce protective neutralizing antibodies following vaccination. Although an effective anthrax live spore vaccine is used to immunize susceptible animals, pre- and post-vaccination antibody titres are not regularly monitored, which is of immunological significance in endemic areas, and it is important to evaluate the vaccine efficacy at the field level. Hence, this study describes a standardized indirect-ELISA, a simple and rapid immuno-assay based on recombinant protective antigen (603 aa, ∼67 kDa) to detect anti-PA-specific IgG antibodies in sheep serum samples to assess serological evidence of exposure and/or vaccination to anthrax. Further, rPA-iELISA was used to assess prevailing antibody titers in randomly collected sheep (n = 1289) serum samples from three different states representing anthrax-endemic (Telangana) and non-endemic (Punjab and Haryana) geographical regions of India. A standardized rPA antigen (200 ng/well) based indirect-ELISA was found to possess an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.980 and 95 % CI of 0.932–0.992 with sensitivity of 93.7 %, and specificity of 94.9 % (p < 0.001) against an optimal cut-off criterion of >25.3 PP (>0.46 OD). A higher degree of sero-positivity in Telangana (>66.98 %), and a lower positivity was noted in Punjab and Haryana (6.83 % and 15.95 %, respectively) among sheep. The study indicated the potential utility of rPA-iELISA for sero-monitoring of anthrax / anti-PA-specific IgG antibodies in sheep.

保护性抗原（PA）是炭疽芽孢杆菌的一种关键外毒素，它参与炭疽的发病机制，导致受感染的食草动物“猝死”。已知PA在接种疫苗后也可诱导保护性中和抗体。虽然使用有效的炭疽活孢子疫苗对易感动物进行免疫，但未定期监测疫苗接种前后的抗体滴度，这在流行地区具有免疫学意义，对实地评价疫苗效力具有重要意义。因此，本研究描述了一种标准化的间接elisa，一种基于重组保护性抗原（603 aa, ~ 67 kDa）的简单快速免疫检测方法，用于检测绵羊血清样本中的抗pa特异性IgG抗体，以评估炭疽暴露和/或接种炭疽疫苗的血清学证据。此外，rPA-iELISA用于评估随机收集的绵羊（n = 1289）血清样本的流行抗体滴度，这些样本来自代表印度炭疽流行（特伦甘纳邦）和非炭疽流行（旁遮普邦和哈里亚纳邦）地理区域的三个不同邦。标准化rPA抗原（200 ng/孔）间接elisa法的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.980,95% CI为0.932 ~ 0.992，灵敏度为93.7%，特异性为94.9% (p < 0.001)，最佳截止标准为25.3 PP （>0.46 OD）。泰伦甘纳羊血清阳性程度较高（66.98%），旁遮普和哈里亚纳羊血清阳性程度较低（分别为6.83%和15.95%）。本研究提示rPA-iELISA在绵羊炭疽/抗pa特异性IgG抗体血清监测中的潜在应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Biomechanical evaluation of a cemented femoral stem for canine total hip replacement across two breeds 两个犬种全髋关节置换术中骨水泥股骨干的生物力学评价。

IF 1.8 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106057

K.S. Kamalesh Kumar , Rohit Kumar , T. Sai Kumar , Aman Kumar Tiwari , Abhishek C. Saxena , O.R. Vinodh Kumar , Bhanu Pratap Singh , Abhijit Pawde , Amarpal

Cemented total hip replacement (THR) remains an established procedure for restoring hip joint function in dogs with degenerative or traumatic coxofemoral disease; however, limited evidence exists regarding the mechanical integrity and load-transfer characteristics of cemented femoral stem constructs within native canine femora. This study critically evaluated the biomechanical performance of a novel modular cemented femoral stem using cadaveric femora from German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs) and Labrador Retrievers (LABs), emphasizing axial, bending, and torsional behaviors in correlation with radiographic and morphometric parameters. Eighteen pairs of adult canine femora were harvested postmortem, with one side implanted following standardized second-generation cementation protocols and the contralateral side retained intact. Following radiographic and CT-based templating, specimens underwent displacement-controlled axial compression, three-point bending, and torsion tests. Cemented implantation significantly reduced ultimate compressive, bending, and torsional strengths compared to intact femora (p < 0.05), though stiffness remained unaffected, suggesting preservation of elastic response despite altered failure thresholds. GSD femora consistently exhibited greater load-bearing capacity, yield strength, and energy absorption than LABs, reflecting breed-specific variations in cortical geometry and canal morphology. Radiographs confirmed precise stem alignment, uniform cement mantles averaging 5 mm, and consistent canal fill exceeding 60 %, indicative of optimized cementation. Failure patterns transitioned from brittle cortical fractures in intact specimens to ductile interfacial shear at the bone-cement interface in implanted constructs, demonstrating efficient load redistribution through the composite system. Collectively, these findings highlight the mechanical reliability and breed-dependent adaptability of the cemented THR system, supporting its translational potential for achieving durable fixation and functional load transfer in canine clinical applications while offering valuable insights relevant to comparative orthopedic biomechanics.

骨水泥全髋关节置换术（THR）仍然是恢复退行性或外伤性髋股疾病犬髋关节功能的一种成熟手术；然而，关于原生犬股骨内骨水泥股骨干结构的机械完整性和载荷传递特性的证据有限。本研究利用德国牧羊犬（gsd）和拉布拉多猎犬（LABs）的尸体股骨，严格评估了新型模块化骨水泥股骨干的生物力学性能，强调了轴向、弯曲和扭转行为与x线摄影和形态测量参数的相关性。18对成年犬股骨在死后取出，一侧按照标准化的第二代骨水泥方案植入，对侧完整保留。在x线摄影和基于ct的模板之后，标本进行了位移控制的轴向压缩、三点弯曲和扭转测试。与完整股骨相比，骨水泥植入显著降低了最终的抗压、弯曲和扭转强度(p

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引用次数: 0