In present study, rhizobacterial strains were isolated from soil sample and screened for plant growth promoting and antagonistic potential in vitro condition. The isolate exhibiting maximum plant growth promoting and antagonistic potential was subjected to biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Based on molecular characterization, the isolate was identified as Variovorax soli with NCBI accession number LC372534. The PGP potential of Variovorax soli was established as it augmented plant growth in control and under salt, drought, heavy metal stress conditions. Positive results for in-vitro tests viz. amylase, hydrogen cyanide, lipase, catalase, protease and chitinase production confirmed the antagonistic efficacy of Variovorax soli. Nutrient acquisition enhancing efficiency of V. soli was established as positive results were recorded for PGP tests viz. siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and exopolysaccharide production. Plants inoculated with V. soli induced phytohormonal modulation (viz. increase in IAA level and reduction in stress ethylene level) for enhanced shoot, root length, increased plant fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll and proline content for extensive root system, plant growth and alleviation of salt, drought, arsenic stress impact as compared to uninoculated plants, thus confirming its ability as biological fertilizers. Along with (IAA) indole 3-acetic acid and (ACC deaminase) 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid deaminase, certain other extracellular exudates of PGPR serve as signaling molecules to trigger abiotic stress responsive pathway. V. soli is therefore a promising green alternative to chemical fertilizers to induce abiotic stress tolerance and reclaim soil fertility to elevate agricultural productivity.
{"title":"Variovorax soli mediated growth amelioration and abiotic stress alleviation in Capsicum annuum","authors":"A. Maxton, S. Masih","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt079086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt079086","url":null,"abstract":"In present study, rhizobacterial strains were isolated from soil sample and screened for plant growth promoting and antagonistic potential in vitro condition. The isolate exhibiting maximum plant growth promoting and antagonistic potential was subjected to biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Based on molecular characterization, the isolate was identified as Variovorax soli with NCBI accession number LC372534. The PGP potential of Variovorax soli was established as it augmented plant growth in control and under salt, drought, heavy metal stress conditions. Positive results for in-vitro tests viz. amylase, hydrogen cyanide, lipase, catalase, protease and chitinase production confirmed the antagonistic efficacy of Variovorax soli. Nutrient acquisition enhancing efficiency of V. soli was established as positive results were recorded for PGP tests viz. siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and exopolysaccharide production. Plants inoculated with V. soli induced phytohormonal modulation (viz. increase in IAA level and reduction in stress ethylene level) for enhanced shoot, root length, increased plant fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll and proline content for extensive root system, plant growth and alleviation of salt, drought, arsenic stress impact as compared to uninoculated plants, thus confirming its ability as biological fertilizers. Along with (IAA) indole 3-acetic acid and (ACC deaminase) 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid deaminase, certain other extracellular exudates of PGPR serve as signaling molecules to trigger abiotic stress responsive pathway. V. soli is therefore a promising green alternative to chemical fertilizers to induce abiotic stress tolerance and reclaim soil fertility to elevate agricultural productivity.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine the ability of Pseudomonad fluorescens isolates Pf-122 and Pf-142 secondary metabolites against R. solanacearum pathogen in vitro and in vivo. The study used a two-factor factorial experiment with RAL design and the observed data were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) of 5%. The first factor was the type of isolate of Pseudomonad fluorescens: P1 (Pf-122) and P2 (Pf-142). The second factor was the concentration of the secondary metabolites: K1 (10%), K2 (20%) and K3 (30%), so six treatments were done and repeated five times. The in vitro results indicated all treatments could weakly inhibit R. solanacearum development indicated by the small inhibition zone. This may be due to the presence of siderophore antibacterial compounds; pioverdin, pioluteorin, HCN and phenazine. This study observed the largest inhibition zone in P2K3 treatment (Pf-142, 30%). The in vivo antagonist test indicated that all treatments could suppress bacterial wilt disease. The disease index was 0% for 4 weeks of observation while it reached 57.33% in control.
{"title":"The Potential of Pseudomonad fluorescens Secondary Metabolites to inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum Bacterial Wilt Disease","authors":"Yenny Wuryandari, Tu’nas Fuaidah, Penta Suryaminarsih","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt041048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt041048","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the ability of Pseudomonad fluorescens isolates Pf-122 and Pf-142 secondary metabolites against R. solanacearum pathogen in vitro and in vivo. The study used a two-factor factorial experiment with RAL design and the observed data were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) of 5%. The first factor was the type of isolate of Pseudomonad fluorescens: P1 (Pf-122) and P2 (Pf-142). The second factor was the concentration of the secondary metabolites: K1 (10%), K2 (20%) and K3 (30%), so six treatments were done and repeated five times. The in vitro results indicated all treatments could weakly inhibit R. solanacearum development indicated by the small inhibition zone. This may be due to the presence of siderophore antibacterial compounds; pioverdin, pioluteorin, HCN and phenazine. This study observed the largest inhibition zone in P2K3 treatment (Pf-142, 30%). The in vivo antagonist test indicated that all treatments could suppress bacterial wilt disease. The disease index was 0% for 4 weeks of observation while it reached 57.33% in control.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A stable housekeeping gene is required for precise and consistent qPCR data analysis. Palmyra palm is an important tropical dioecious tree crop with diverse uses. However, no reliable gene expression studies or housekeeping gene standardization have been documented, which limit crop improvement and utilization. In this work, four frequently used statistical tools such as RefFinder, NormFinder, Delta CT method and BestKeeper were applied to evaluate the constancy and fluctuation in expression of a chosen 10 internal control genes such as NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5-like (NAD5), β-actin, ACTIN CRD, alpha-tubulin, UBCE, EIF, EF2, AP1, GAPDH and UBQ2 in both vegetative and reproductive tissues of dioecious Palmyra palm. Six flower tissues and two leaf tissues from male and female palms were used in this study. The findings indicated that NAD5-2 is the most reliable and constant housekeeping gene expressed during Palmyra palm flower development. The AGAMOUS and SEEDSTICK genes expression pattern in the flower development were used to validate the normalized expression of the four housekeeping genes that were chosen in order to further support the stability of those genes. Our results will be useful for further research on gene transcription level in Palmyra palms and also the above mentioned tool is very useful for the normalization of housekeeping genes of biological samples with different experimental conditions.
{"title":"Identification of a dominant housekeeping genes to normalize mRNA level in dioecious Palmyra palm","authors":"Soorya Suchilkumar, Sukumaran Swapna Thacheril, Siju Senan, Kalluvettankuzhy Krishnan Nair Sabu","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt01021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt01021","url":null,"abstract":"A stable housekeeping gene is required for precise and consistent qPCR data analysis. Palmyra palm is an important tropical dioecious tree crop with diverse uses. However, no reliable gene expression studies or housekeeping gene standardization have been documented, which limit crop improvement and utilization. In this work, four frequently used statistical tools such as RefFinder, NormFinder, Delta CT method and BestKeeper were applied to evaluate the constancy and fluctuation in expression of a chosen 10 internal control genes such as NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5-like (NAD5), β-actin, ACTIN CRD, alpha-tubulin, UBCE, EIF, EF2, AP1, GAPDH and UBQ2 in both vegetative and reproductive tissues of dioecious Palmyra palm. Six flower tissues and two leaf tissues from male and female palms were used in this study. The findings indicated that NAD5-2 is the most reliable and constant housekeeping gene expressed during Palmyra palm flower development. The AGAMOUS and SEEDSTICK genes expression pattern in the flower development were used to validate the normalized expression of the four housekeeping genes that were chosen in order to further support the stability of those genes. Our results will be useful for further research on gene transcription level in Palmyra palms and also the above mentioned tool is very useful for the normalization of housekeeping genes of biological samples with different experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahdiye Ziyaee, Somaye Imanparast, Fatemeh Salimi, H. Jahandar
Recently, microbial lipases isolated from probiotic bacteria have attracted the attention of many scientists because they have significantly beneficial properties for human health. As a highly nutritious substrate, dairy products possess great potential for probiotic bacteria isolation. The main purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic bacteria in order to search for lipase producing bacteria. The bacteria were isolated from dairy products and purified by repeated sub-culturing on MRS medium at 37°C. The isolates were subjected to primary and secondary screening via fluorometric and colorimetric methods respectively. The isolates showing orange fluorescence under UV light at 350 nm around their colonies were selected for the colorimetric method. In this method, lipase activity was investigated by p-nitrophenyl palmitate. Probiotic characterizations of lipase-producing isolates were performed by acid resistance test, cell surface hydrophobicity assay, auto-aggregation and co-aggregation. The optimization of lipase production was performed by Central Composite Design (CCD). In the present study, 92 isolates were recovered from 71 samples. The results showed that 41 isolates were positive for fluorometric assay. According to the amount of enzyme production, seven strains were selected for probiotic characterizations. Finally, a potential probiotic strain of genus Lactobacillus showed the highest enzyme activity with 3.4 U.ml-1 compared to other isolates. This strain showed 100% similarity to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. This research indicated that the lipase of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can be used as a promising enzyme in the food and medicine industries.
{"title":"Isolation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum producing Extracellular Lipase from Dairy Products and Optimization of the Enzyme Production","authors":"Mahdiye Ziyaee, Somaye Imanparast, Fatemeh Salimi, H. Jahandar","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt0109","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, microbial lipases isolated from probiotic bacteria have attracted the attention of many scientists because they have significantly beneficial properties for human health. As a highly nutritious substrate, dairy products possess great potential for probiotic bacteria isolation. The main purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic bacteria in order to search for lipase producing bacteria. The bacteria were isolated from dairy products and purified by repeated sub-culturing on MRS medium at 37°C. The isolates were subjected to primary and secondary screening via fluorometric and colorimetric methods respectively. The isolates showing orange fluorescence under UV light at 350 nm around their colonies were selected for the colorimetric method. In this method, lipase activity was investigated by p-nitrophenyl palmitate. Probiotic characterizations of lipase-producing isolates were performed by acid resistance test, cell surface hydrophobicity assay, auto-aggregation and co-aggregation. The optimization of lipase production was performed by Central Composite Design (CCD). In the present study, 92 isolates were recovered from 71 samples. The results showed that 41 isolates were positive for fluorometric assay. According to the amount of enzyme production, seven strains were selected for probiotic characterizations. Finally, a potential probiotic strain of genus Lactobacillus showed the highest enzyme activity with 3.4 U.ml-1 compared to other isolates. This strain showed 100% similarity to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. This research indicated that the lipase of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can be used as a promising enzyme in the food and medicine industries.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.25303/1901rjbt1220125
Krihna C. Muddu, N.K. Jayaprakash, S. Asha, Kumar Reddy T. Sravan
Most of the drugs have side effects in patients due to drug induced toxicity. The drug induced toxicity has to be reduced by addition of antioxidants which are available naturally. For example, ethyl gallate is one of the promising agents which has great antioxidant properties. Apart from antioxidant properties, it has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV properties. Combination dosing of drugs with ethyl gallate will reduce the drug induced toxicity by improving their actual potency. The motive of this review is to understand the importance of ethyl gallate showing antioxidant activity which when induced with a certain drug, decreases the toxic effects of drugs and has beneficial properties such as anti-inflammation and anti-HIV. The major benefit of ethyl gallate is that it is available in many natural products and can be obtained easily.
{"title":"Biological Potential of Ethyl Gallate","authors":"Krihna C. Muddu, N.K. Jayaprakash, S. Asha, Kumar Reddy T. Sravan","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt1220125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt1220125","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the drugs have side effects in patients due to drug induced toxicity. The drug induced toxicity has to be reduced by addition of antioxidants which are available naturally. For example, ethyl gallate is one of the promising agents which has great antioxidant properties. Apart from antioxidant properties, it has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV properties. Combination dosing of drugs with ethyl gallate will reduce the drug induced toxicity by improving their actual potency. The motive of this review is to understand the importance of ethyl gallate showing antioxidant activity which when induced with a certain drug, decreases the toxic effects of drugs and has beneficial properties such as anti-inflammation and anti-HIV. The major benefit of ethyl gallate is that it is available in many natural products and can be obtained easily.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U.B. Prapthi, S. Akarsh, D.S. Somashekar, H. V. Sowmya, B. Thippeswamy
Fungal infections are very serious diseases in culturable freshwater fishes. The present research work aimed to investigate the fungal infections in four economically important freshwater carps i.e. Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala and Cyprinus carpio which were collected from the Fish seed production unit at Bhadra Reservoir Project (BRP). The infected fishes were collected in polythene bags and brought for mycological study in the laboratory. The fungal strains were isolated using potato dextrose agar and Sabourd’s dextrose agar media. Out of 240 fishes, 168 (70%) infection have been recorded with six different fungal genera of Saprolegnia sp. (54.167%), Penicillium sp. (7.14%), Aspergillus sp. (14.285%), Trichoderma sp. (6.546%), Rhizopus sp. (4.167%) and Mucor sp. (13.695%). These fungi were frequently isolated and identified based on spore structure and morphological characteristics. The monthly variation and percentage of fungal infection in Catla catla was 35.10 %, Labeo rohita was 24.99%, Cirrhinus mrigala was 21.41% and Cyprinus carpio was 18.42%. Winter season (57.5%) and the rainy season (39%) was more favorable for the growth of Saprolegnia sp. than summer season (10%). Histopathological study was carried out to study the effect of Saprolegnia sp. on infected fish. Based on the results, Catla catla fishes were more susceptible to Saprolegnia sp. than other varieties of fishes.
{"title":"Diversity of Fungal infections and Histopathological preparations of some economically important Fresh Water Fishes in Bhadra Reservoir Project, Karnataka, INDIA","authors":"U.B. Prapthi, S. Akarsh, D.S. Somashekar, H. V. Sowmya, B. Thippeswamy","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt059070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt059070","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal infections are very serious diseases in culturable freshwater fishes. The present research work aimed to investigate the fungal infections in four economically important freshwater carps i.e. Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala and Cyprinus carpio which were collected from the Fish seed production unit at Bhadra Reservoir Project (BRP). The infected fishes were collected in polythene bags and brought for mycological study in the laboratory. The fungal strains were isolated using potato dextrose agar and Sabourd’s dextrose agar media. Out of 240 fishes, 168 (70%) infection have been recorded with six different fungal genera of Saprolegnia sp. (54.167%), Penicillium sp. (7.14%), Aspergillus sp. (14.285%), Trichoderma sp. (6.546%), Rhizopus sp. (4.167%) and Mucor sp. (13.695%). These fungi were frequently isolated and identified based on spore structure and morphological characteristics. The monthly variation and percentage of fungal infection in Catla catla was 35.10 %, Labeo rohita was 24.99%, Cirrhinus mrigala was 21.41% and Cyprinus carpio was 18.42%. Winter season (57.5%) and the rainy season (39%) was more favorable for the growth of Saprolegnia sp. than summer season (10%). Histopathological study was carried out to study the effect of Saprolegnia sp. on infected fish. Based on the results, Catla catla fishes were more susceptible to Saprolegnia sp. than other varieties of fishes.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Shivani, Reshma A. Shetty, Vijith V. Shetty, Rajesh Krishna, Prashanth D. Shetty
A myeloproliferative disorder known as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the clonal proliferation of haematopoietic progenitor stem cell leading to a marked raise in the granulocyte series of cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The present study focused on evaluating clinical and haematological parameters. It is an observational study conducted over a period of 3 years which constitutes 50 diagnosed CML patients. Clinical and haematological details were collected. Prognostic Sokal and European treatment and Outcomes Study (EUTOS) scoring were applied to stratify different risk groups of patients. Study population showed male preponderance. The most common presenting symptom was splenomegaly (98%) followed by anaemia (94%). The patients were divided into Chronic Phase (CP), Accelerated Phase (AP) and Blast phase (BP) in males and females. In males, there was a significant reduction in haemoglobin levels as the disease progressed whereas in females, there was a reduction in haemoglobin levels. Haemoglobin count reflected the anaemic picture and was lowest in the blast phase. The blood cell indices and differential counts were within their normal range in both male and female patients. There was variation in the levels of lymphocytes among males and females but lower than the normal range. Basophil levels were significant between the different phases in females whereas platelet count was significant in males. The current study expected that there would be significant variations between male and female CML patients in a number of haematological measures which can be used as a good prognostic indicator.
{"title":"Haematological and Clinical Characterization of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia","authors":"U. Shivani, Reshma A. Shetty, Vijith V. Shetty, Rajesh Krishna, Prashanth D. Shetty","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt049054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt049054","url":null,"abstract":"A myeloproliferative disorder known as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the clonal proliferation of haematopoietic progenitor stem cell leading to a marked raise in the granulocyte series of cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The present study focused on evaluating clinical and haematological parameters. It is an observational study conducted over a period of 3 years which constitutes 50 diagnosed CML patients. Clinical and haematological details were collected. Prognostic Sokal and European treatment and Outcomes Study (EUTOS) scoring were applied to stratify different risk groups of patients. Study population showed male preponderance. The most common presenting symptom was splenomegaly (98%) followed by anaemia (94%). The patients were divided into Chronic Phase (CP), Accelerated Phase (AP) and Blast phase (BP) in males and females. In males, there was a significant reduction in haemoglobin levels as the disease progressed whereas in females, there was a reduction in haemoglobin levels. Haemoglobin count reflected the anaemic picture and was lowest in the blast phase. The blood cell indices and differential counts were within their normal range in both male and female patients. There was variation in the levels of lymphocytes among males and females but lower than the normal range. Basophil levels were significant between the different phases in females whereas platelet count was significant in males. The current study expected that there would be significant variations between male and female CML patients in a number of haematological measures which can be used as a good prognostic indicator.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemolysin is one of the major pathogenic factors for pathogenic bacteria. Hemolysin can break down erythrocytes (RBC) which is called hemolysis. Hemolysins act on the cell membrane of erythrocytes, resulting in pore formation in the membrane and liberating hemoglobin into the growing environment. Hemoglobin is used as an iron source by pathogenic bacteria with the help of a siderophore or is taken up via iron receptors present on the bacterial cell membrane. Despite the pore formation into erythrocytes, hemolysin or cytolysin has also the ability to pore formation in a broad range of the cells such as mast cells, neutrophils and polymorphonuclear cells. It also enhances virulence by causing tissue and cell damage. Hemolysin is associated with the pathogenesis of different Vibrio spp. that cause either wound infection or intestinal infection. V. cholerae and V. parahemolyticus are popularly known for intestinal infection whereas V. alginolyticus and V. vulnificus cause would infections. The genome of Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749 was analyzed for the gene responsible for the biosynthesis of hemolysins. Its genome encodes for five hemolysins that might play an important role in hemolysis and pathogenesis. Physiological properties functional annotation and predicted structure will significantly increase the level of understanding of hemolysins of Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 117749.
{"title":"In silico analysis of putative hemolysin proteins in the genome of Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749 and their structure prediction","authors":"R. Vibhuti, Yatin Kumar, Avijit Pramanik","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt055058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt055058","url":null,"abstract":"Hemolysin is one of the major pathogenic factors for pathogenic bacteria. Hemolysin can break down erythrocytes (RBC) which is called hemolysis. Hemolysins act on the cell membrane of erythrocytes, resulting in pore formation in the membrane and liberating hemoglobin into the growing environment. Hemoglobin is used as an iron source by pathogenic bacteria with the help of a siderophore or is taken up via iron receptors present on the bacterial cell membrane. Despite the pore formation into erythrocytes, hemolysin or cytolysin has also the ability to pore formation in a broad range of the cells such as mast cells, neutrophils and polymorphonuclear cells. It also enhances virulence by causing tissue and cell damage. Hemolysin is associated with the pathogenesis of different Vibrio spp. that cause either wound infection or intestinal infection. V. cholerae and V. parahemolyticus are popularly known for intestinal infection whereas V. alginolyticus and V. vulnificus cause would infections. The genome of Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749 was analyzed for the gene responsible for the biosynthesis of hemolysins. Its genome encodes for five hemolysins that might play an important role in hemolysis and pathogenesis. Physiological properties functional annotation and predicted structure will significantly increase the level of understanding of hemolysins of Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 117749.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El-Imam Amina Ahmed, Mardhiyah A. Sanusi, Eromosele Ighalo, M. A. Oke, P. F. Omojasola
Microbial fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass into lactic acid (LA) has received considerable attention because it ensures the valorisation of wastes and reduces dependence on fossil sources. First, the proximate and phytochemical compositions of Prosopis africana pods (PAP) were determined. Previous biologically-pretreated pods of Prosopis africana were then saccharified using dilute acid hydrolysis following a full factorial design. The factors optimized were acid type (HCl and H2SO4), acid concentration (1 %, 3 % and 5 %), solid loading ratio (5 %, 10 % and 20 %) and reaction time (15, 30 and 60 minutes). Several Rhizopus oryzae isolates were screened for LA production and the most prolific was molecularly identified. The factors affecting LA yield from PAP hydrolysate were screened using a half-factorial design. The significant factors were then optimised using Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The proximate analysis showed high levels of protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrates. The phytochemical analysis of PAP revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, glycosides and terpenoids. The hydrolysis conditions of 3 % HCl, 20 % solid loading and 15 minutes hydrolysis time yielded the highest reducing sugars of 42.5 g/L. The most promising isolate, identified as R. oryzae strain AK-22, produced 19.7 g/L after RSM optimization, a 38.1 % increase over yields from non-optimised conditions. These findings are on the biotechnological production of LA from the pods of Prosopis africana, an abundant yet under-utilised tree crop.
通过微生物发酵将木质纤维素生物质转化为乳酸（LA）受到了广泛关注，因为它可以确保废物的价值化，并减少对化石资源的依赖。首先，测定了非洲罂粟豆荚（PAP）的近似物和植物化学成分。然后，按照全因子设计，使用稀酸水解法对之前经过生物预处理的非洲原麻荚果进行糖化。优化因素包括酸类型（盐酸和 H2SO4）、酸浓度（1%、3% 和 5%）、固体负载率（5%、10% 和 20%）和反应时间（15、30 和 60 分钟）。对几种根瘤菌（Rhizopus oryzae）分离物进行了生产 LA 的筛选，并对其中产量最高的分离物进行了分子鉴定。采用半因子设计筛选了影响 PAP 水解产物 LA 产量的因素。然后采用箱-贝肯响应面设计法（RSM）对重要因素进行优化。近似分析表明，蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和碳水化合物的含量较高。PAP 的植物化学分析显示存在黄酮类、生物碱、皂甙、酚类、单宁、苷类和萜类化合物。在盐酸浓度为 3%、固体含量为 20%、水解时间为 15 分钟的水解条件下，产生的还原糖最高，为 42.5 克/升。最有前途的分离株被鉴定为 R. oryzae 菌株 AK-22，在 RSM 优化后产量为 19.7 克/升，比非优化条件下的产量提高了 38.1%。这些发现是关于从非洲罂粟的荚果中生物技术生产 LA 的。
{"title":"Response surface methodology optimisation enhancing lactic acid production from Prosopis africana pods by Rhizopus oryzae","authors":"El-Imam Amina Ahmed, Mardhiyah A. Sanusi, Eromosele Ighalo, M. A. Oke, P. F. Omojasola","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt910104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt910104","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass into lactic acid (LA) has received considerable attention because it ensures the valorisation of wastes and reduces dependence on fossil sources. First, the proximate and phytochemical compositions of Prosopis africana pods (PAP) were determined. Previous biologically-pretreated pods of Prosopis africana were then saccharified using dilute acid hydrolysis following a full factorial design. The factors optimized were acid type (HCl and H2SO4), acid concentration (1 %, 3 % and 5 %), solid loading ratio (5 %, 10 % and 20 %) and reaction time (15, 30 and 60 minutes). Several Rhizopus oryzae isolates were screened for LA production and the most prolific was molecularly identified. The factors affecting LA yield from PAP hydrolysate were screened using a half-factorial design. The significant factors were then optimised using Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The proximate analysis showed high levels of protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrates. The phytochemical analysis of PAP revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, glycosides and terpenoids. The hydrolysis conditions of 3 % HCl, 20 % solid loading and 15 minutes hydrolysis time yielded the highest reducing sugars of 42.5 g/L. The most promising isolate, identified as R. oryzae strain AK-22, produced 19.7 g/L after RSM optimization, a 38.1 % increase over yields from non-optimised conditions. These findings are on the biotechnological production of LA from the pods of Prosopis africana, an abundant yet under-utilised tree crop.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jayaraj Sakthivel, Sounderrajan Vignesh, S. R. Sudhanarayani, T. Thangam, Parthasarathy Krupakar
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first appeared in China in December 2019 and since then, the outbreak expanded globally. Due to the limited supply of SARS-CoV-2 medicines on the market, an immediate strategy was required to accelerate the development of new drugs. Drug repurposing is one of the novel approaches for the therapeutics of several life-threatening diseases. This study identified 408 SARS-CoV-2-associated SNPs from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) catalog and 391 risk genes associated with SARS-CoV-2. The prioritization was performed based on six categories of functional annotations. SARS-CoV-2 risk genes were mapped into an expanded PPI network using the STRING database. We discovered the drugs that target deregulate SARS-CoV-2 risk genes. Here, we demonstrated the drug target genes overlapped with the drugs for other clinical indications. Hence, we suggest that the identified drugs may be repurposed for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Overall, this study emphasizes the integration of functional genomic variants and bioinformatics-based approaches to drive drug repurposing efforts for the therapeutics options for COVID-19.
{"title":"Genomic Variants Driven Drug Repurposing for SARS-CoV-2 Using Bioinformatics-based Approach","authors":"Jayaraj Sakthivel, Sounderrajan Vignesh, S. R. Sudhanarayani, T. Thangam, Parthasarathy Krupakar","doi":"10.25303/1901rjbt033040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1901rjbt033040","url":null,"abstract":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first appeared in China in December 2019 and since then, the outbreak expanded globally. Due to the limited supply of SARS-CoV-2 medicines on the market, an immediate strategy was required to accelerate the development of new drugs. Drug repurposing is one of the novel approaches for the therapeutics of several life-threatening diseases. This study identified 408 SARS-CoV-2-associated SNPs from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) catalog and 391 risk genes associated with SARS-CoV-2. The prioritization was performed based on six categories of functional annotations. SARS-CoV-2 risk genes were mapped into an expanded PPI network using the STRING database. We discovered the drugs that target deregulate SARS-CoV-2 risk genes. Here, we demonstrated the drug target genes overlapped with the drugs for other clinical indications. Hence, we suggest that the identified drugs may be repurposed for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Overall, this study emphasizes the integration of functional genomic variants and bioinformatics-based approaches to drive drug repurposing efforts for the therapeutics options for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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