Hemang ., A. Chauhan, S. Gaur, S. Pal, P. Chanalia
Aim of the study is to estimate and analyze neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in diabetes mellitus as a marker of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Forty individuals with DN and forty patients with diabetes mellitus without nephropathy were enrolled. Inclusion criteria included patients with diabetic nephropathy (albuminuria >30 mg/day and/or eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in the absence of additional kidney damage symptoms. Complete blood count, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 24-hour urine albumin and serum creatinine were evaluated and compared. The mean NLR of the patients with DN (Cases) was 3.09 ± 0.88 (1.34-4.91) and in patients with diabetes mellitus only (Controls) it was 2.17 ± 0.69 (0.89-3.98). The correlation between urinary albumin excretion (p value =0.0004) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p value =0.0002) also came out positive and negative respectively. Based on unpaired t-test, the difference between NLR values among the group came out statistically highly significant (p < 0.05). Thus, the NLR in both groups was not comparable. NLR was substantially higher in diabetic nephropathy patients compared to diabetes mellitus patients. Thus, NLR provides us with a simple and low-cost assessment that may be employed as a predictive instrument to diagnose diabetic nephropathy at a preliminary phase.
{"title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a marker of diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Hemang ., A. Chauhan, S. Gaur, S. Pal, P. Chanalia","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt065069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt065069","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study is to estimate and analyze neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in diabetes mellitus as a marker of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Forty individuals with DN and forty patients with diabetes mellitus without nephropathy were enrolled. Inclusion criteria included patients with diabetic nephropathy (albuminuria >30 mg/day and/or eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in the absence of additional kidney damage symptoms. Complete blood count, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 24-hour urine albumin and serum creatinine were evaluated and compared. The mean NLR of the patients with DN (Cases) was 3.09 ± 0.88 (1.34-4.91) and in patients with diabetes mellitus only (Controls) it was 2.17 ± 0.69 (0.89-3.98). The correlation between urinary albumin excretion (p value =0.0004) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p value =0.0002) also came out positive and negative respectively. Based on unpaired t-test, the difference between NLR values among the group came out statistically highly significant (p < 0.05). Thus, the NLR in both groups was not comparable. NLR was substantially higher in diabetic nephropathy patients compared to diabetes mellitus patients. Thus, NLR provides us with a simple and low-cost assessment that may be employed as a predictive instrument to diagnose diabetic nephropathy at a preliminary phase.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of nano-based products for advanced biomedical applications has underlined the need for toxicogenomic studies which govern genome stability endpoints. In the present study, the genome stability profiles on cell-TNA interaction were assessed via nuclear staining profile by a fluorescent microscope, DNA ploidy profile by flow-cytometry, metaphase chromosome analysis, DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) profiling by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN), reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement and gene expression profile by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Findings from this study demonstrated that no significant genomic instability risk was observed from cell-TNA interaction, especially at clastogenic and aneugenic levels. Findings also suggest that cell-TNA interaction could involve the regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex and cell metabolism associated with the cellular adaptation process towards the nanosurface. Further comprehensive studies involving in vivo models are needed to support this work.
{"title":"Genome Stability Profiles of Titania Nanosurface Technology for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Mydin Rabiatul Basria S.M.N., Eddis Effendy Wan Nuramiera Faznie Wan, Qazem Ekhlas Qaid, Roshasnorlyza Hazan, Srimala Sreekantan","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt01710182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt01710182","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of nano-based products for advanced biomedical applications has underlined the need for toxicogenomic studies which govern genome stability endpoints. In the present study, the genome stability profiles on cell-TNA interaction were assessed via nuclear staining profile by a fluorescent microscope, DNA ploidy profile by flow-cytometry, metaphase chromosome analysis, DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) profiling by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN), reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement and gene expression profile by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Findings from this study demonstrated that no significant genomic instability risk was observed from cell-TNA interaction, especially at clastogenic and aneugenic levels. Findings also suggest that cell-TNA interaction could involve the regulation of ribonucleoprotein complex and cell metabolism associated with the cellular adaptation process towards the nanosurface. Further comprehensive studies involving in vivo models are needed to support this work.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A neuropsychological assessment is a test that assesses how well a person's brain functions. Literacy, language use, attention, learning, processing speed, reasoning, memory, problem-solving, personality and other talents are all assessed. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts of Asparagus racemosus Linn on the neurobehavioral pattern of acrylamide-induced experimental Zebra fish. In the novel tank test, the number of top entries, top remain time, top entry latency and total distance traveled were all greater in the Asparagus racemosus Linn seed extract group than in the acrylamide group, while the number of bottom entries and bottom duration of stay were lower. In the light-dark test, group II Zebrafish treated with 0.75 mM acrylamide showed anxiety by spending less time in the light zone. In our study, Zebrafish pre-treated with aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts of different concentrations of Asparagus racemosus Linn significantly reversed. In the open field test, the Asparagus racemosus Linn seed extract at different doses significantly improved outer zone (s) and inner zone (S) times compared to the acrylamide control group. In the Y-maze test, the Asparagus racemosus Linn seed extract at different dosages exhibited a dose-influenced significant improvement in the number of entry points to new arms and the total distance walked in the maze in comparison to the acrylamide control group. When compared to the acrylamide control, the Asparagus racemosus Linn seeds extract at various doses demonstrated a significant rise in the amount of time spent in the new arm.
{"title":"Effects of aqueous and ethanolic seed extract of Asparagus racemosus Linn on neurobehavioral pattern of acrylamide induced experimental Zebra fish","authors":"Anubhav Dubey, Niladry S. Ghosh, Ranjit Singh","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt081088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt081088","url":null,"abstract":"A neuropsychological assessment is a test that assesses how well a person's brain functions. Literacy, language use, attention, learning, processing speed, reasoning, memory, problem-solving, personality and other talents are all assessed. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts of Asparagus racemosus Linn on the neurobehavioral pattern of acrylamide-induced experimental Zebra fish. In the novel tank test, the number of top entries, top remain time, top entry latency and total distance traveled were all greater in the Asparagus racemosus Linn seed extract group than in the acrylamide group, while the number of bottom entries and bottom duration of stay were lower. In the light-dark test, group II Zebrafish treated with 0.75 mM acrylamide showed anxiety by spending less time in the light zone. In our study, Zebrafish pre-treated with aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts of different concentrations of Asparagus racemosus Linn significantly reversed. In the open field test, the Asparagus racemosus Linn seed extract at different doses significantly improved outer zone (s) and inner zone (S) times compared to the acrylamide control group. In the Y-maze test, the Asparagus racemosus Linn seed extract at different dosages exhibited a dose-influenced significant improvement in the number of entry points to new arms and the total distance walked in the maze in comparison to the acrylamide control group. When compared to the acrylamide control, the Asparagus racemosus Linn seeds extract at various doses demonstrated a significant rise in the amount of time spent in the new arm.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thi Nguyen Khue, Thi Thu Hien Nguyen, Thanh Huyen Le Thi, Thi Do Roan, Thi Thanh Doan Huong
Marek's disease (MD) is a potentially fatal viral disease caused by the Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2). The outbreaks are common in both unprotected and vaccinated flocks. The carcinogenic serotype MDV-1 was found using a PCR method in five northern provinces and two central provinces of Vietnam from 2019 to 2022. The Meq gene from 13 MDV-1 strains was sequenced in its entirety, containing 1020 nucleotides encoding 339 amino acids. The examination of these genomes revealed that all strains discovered in Vietnam correspond to the pathotypes known as highly virulent (vv). This classification was based on the presence of low proline concentration (from 20.59-21.18%) in the Meq which consisted of three PPPP motifs and three interrupted motifs. The interrupted motifs are characterized by mutations at the second position of the proline-rich region where the original PPPP sequence is altered to PPPP>P (Q / A / R) PP. Furthermore, the Vietnamese GaHV-2 strains in this study had the most similarity to high-virulence Chinese strains but had the lowest similarity to the currently used CVI988 vaccination. It is worth noting that no strains from the moderate pathogenicity (mv) or very virulence plus (vv+) groups were found among the Vietnamese isolates. The findings shed light on previously unknown molecular features of Marek's disease virus strains in Vietnam's northern provinces. The study's findings add to a better understanding of MDV in Vietnam, filling an important information gap. This knowledge can help guide efforts to reduce the burden of Marek's disease on the chicken business, improve disease prevention and control strategies and select the best vaccine for chickens in the field.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Marek's disease virus revealing the predominance of high-virulence MDV in Vietnam","authors":"Thi Nguyen Khue, Thi Thu Hien Nguyen, Thanh Huyen Le Thi, Thi Do Roan, Thi Thanh Doan Huong","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt070080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt070080","url":null,"abstract":"Marek's disease (MD) is a potentially fatal viral disease caused by the Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2). The outbreaks are common in both unprotected and vaccinated flocks. The carcinogenic serotype MDV-1 was found using a PCR method in five northern provinces and two central provinces of Vietnam from 2019 to 2022. The Meq gene from 13 MDV-1 strains was sequenced in its entirety, containing 1020 nucleotides encoding 339 amino acids. The examination of these genomes revealed that all strains discovered in Vietnam correspond to the pathotypes known as highly virulent (vv). This classification was based on the presence of low proline concentration (from 20.59-21.18%) in the Meq which consisted of three PPPP motifs and three interrupted motifs. The interrupted motifs are characterized by mutations at the second position of the proline-rich region where the original PPPP sequence is altered to PPPP>P (Q / A / R) PP. Furthermore, the Vietnamese GaHV-2 strains in this study had the most similarity to high-virulence Chinese strains but had the lowest similarity to the currently used CVI988 vaccination. It is worth noting that no strains from the moderate pathogenicity (mv) or very virulence plus (vv+) groups were found among the Vietnamese isolates. The findings shed light on previously unknown molecular features of Marek's disease virus strains in Vietnam's northern provinces. The study's findings add to a better understanding of MDV in Vietnam, filling an important information gap. This knowledge can help guide efforts to reduce the burden of Marek's disease on the chicken business, improve disease prevention and control strategies and select the best vaccine for chickens in the field.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.25303/1811rjbt01420153
K.S. Sreelakshmi, R. Usha
Health sector faces a distress globally because of the scarcity of newer antibiotics against drug resistant pathogens. Innovations in developing new antibiotics is the solution to combat the drug resistant pathogens. This alarming situation requires advanced, potential and effective antibiotics. Secondary metabolite products from microbes remain as the main origin for many of the antibiotics in the market today and are also found to be promising till date. Out of the microbes, the major share of antibiotic production is reported by Actinomycetes, which are Gram positive, anaerobic, filamentous bacteria. They are currently being exploited through new approaches to improve the efficiency of commercially valuable antibiotics. Since natural environment stands a potential source of innovative and novel antimicrobials, this investigation was performed to test the potential of selected marine actinomycetes. Of the screened ones, Actinokineospora is potential enough to cease the growth of biofilm formation. This strain was identified by molecular characterization as Actinokineospora cibodasensis. It was selected to extract secondary metabolites by submerged fermentation and made to undergo further purification and structural analyses for the search of bioactive components. Presence of streptomycin like compound by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry led to a breakthrough in the study which had been confined by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy techniques by comparing with standards. Gene expression studies showed that the selected strain can down regulate the genes in the formation of biofilm by the test organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bioactive compound from Actinokineospora is an ecofriendly product along with a biofilm mitigating activity on medical devices. Rare actinomycetal isolate was able to produce the antibiotic which could apply on medical device to reduce the infections during the treatment. This antibiotic coating on life saving devices will provide the ultimate protection for patients.
{"title":"Production, Purification, Characterization and Anti biofilm activity of natural antibiotic by Actinokineospora cibodasensis from marine water","authors":"K.S. Sreelakshmi, R. Usha","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt01420153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt01420153","url":null,"abstract":"Health sector faces a distress globally because of the scarcity of newer antibiotics against drug resistant pathogens. Innovations in developing new antibiotics is the solution to combat the drug resistant pathogens. This alarming situation requires advanced, potential and effective antibiotics. Secondary metabolite products from microbes remain as the main origin for many of the antibiotics in the market today and are also found to be promising till date. Out of the microbes, the major share of antibiotic production is reported by Actinomycetes, which are Gram positive, anaerobic, filamentous bacteria. They are currently being exploited through new approaches to improve the efficiency of commercially valuable antibiotics. Since natural environment stands a potential source of innovative and novel antimicrobials, this investigation was performed to test the potential of selected marine actinomycetes. Of the screened ones, Actinokineospora is potential enough to cease the growth of biofilm formation. This strain was identified by molecular characterization as Actinokineospora cibodasensis. It was selected to extract secondary metabolites by submerged fermentation and made to undergo further purification and structural analyses for the search of bioactive components. Presence of streptomycin like compound by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry led to a breakthrough in the study which had been confined by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy techniques by comparing with standards. Gene expression studies showed that the selected strain can down regulate the genes in the formation of biofilm by the test organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bioactive compound from Actinokineospora is an ecofriendly product along with a biofilm mitigating activity on medical devices. Rare actinomycetal isolate was able to produce the antibiotic which could apply on medical device to reduce the infections during the treatment. This antibiotic coating on life saving devices will provide the ultimate protection for patients.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valorisation of banana waste into value-added products has gained an increasing interest since decades ago. To date, there is still limited information on the rational direction of banana stems, which are conventionally dumped and burnt at the field or disposed into water streams, leading to serious environmental pollution. In this work, we present a novel approach to maximise the recovery of glucose from banana stem. Initially, the effect of substrate load (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) on the enzymatic hydrolysis by liquozyme and spirizyme was investigated. Following that, 4-cycle enzymatic hydrolysis was performed and the recovery of glucose was determined for every cycle. The results showed that the optimum substrate concentration for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the banana stem was 1% (w/v) which gave the best hydrolysis yield. Evaluation of one to five cycles of enzymatic hydrolysis showed that the highest hydrolysis yield and rate were achieved during the fourth cycle, which was 2.3-fold and 4.4-fold compared to that achieved in the first cycle. Moreover, the glucose concentration recovered in the fourth cycle was 2.4-fold higher than that attained in the first cycle. Our results clearly showed the advantages of conducting multiple cycles of enzymatic hydrolysis of banana stems. In summary, this work presents a novel approach for maximising the glucose recovery from the banana stem where the method may also be applicable for recovering sugar from other agricultural wastes.
{"title":"Enhancement of glucose recovery from banana stem by 4-cycle enzymatic hydrolysis","authors":"Jafar Nurfaezzah Amat, Nurashikin Suhaili, Salwani Awang Adeni Dayang","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt01920199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt01920199","url":null,"abstract":"Valorisation of banana waste into value-added products has gained an increasing interest since decades ago. To date, there is still limited information on the rational direction of banana stems, which are conventionally dumped and burnt at the field or disposed into water streams, leading to serious environmental pollution. In this work, we present a novel approach to maximise the recovery of glucose from banana stem. Initially, the effect of substrate load (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) on the enzymatic hydrolysis by liquozyme and spirizyme was investigated. Following that, 4-cycle enzymatic hydrolysis was performed and the recovery of glucose was determined for every cycle. The results showed that the optimum substrate concentration for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the banana stem was 1% (w/v) which gave the best hydrolysis yield. Evaluation of one to five cycles of enzymatic hydrolysis showed that the highest hydrolysis yield and rate were achieved during the fourth cycle, which was 2.3-fold and 4.4-fold compared to that achieved in the first cycle. Moreover, the glucose concentration recovered in the fourth cycle was 2.4-fold higher than that attained in the first cycle. Our results clearly showed the advantages of conducting multiple cycles of enzymatic hydrolysis of banana stems. In summary, this work presents a novel approach for maximising the glucose recovery from the banana stem where the method may also be applicable for recovering sugar from other agricultural wastes.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A total of 80 clinical and environmental samples included 40 waste water samples and 40 stool samples from hospitalized patients. 50 isolates were diagnosed as E. coli. Four virulence genes (Cnfl, Hly, Kpsm and FyuA) were tested which showed 0%, 12%, 24% and 88% respectively for clinical samples and 0%, 0%, 20% and 52% respectively for environmental samples. Six antibiotics resistance genes were detected (TEM, SHV, CTXM1, CTXM2, Oxa and Mox1), their percentages were 24%, 40%, 92%, 68%, 24% and 48% respectively for clinical samples and 16%, 0%, 4%, 100%, 8% and 64% respectively for environmental samples. 16 antibiotics were tested against isolates. Results showed different percentages of resistance to antibiotics as follows: for clinical samples, the highest level of resistance was for tetracycline (100%), imipenem (100%), followed by ampicillin (84%), amoxicillin /clavulanate (80%), cefotaxime (80%), ceftazidime (72%), (68%) for: cefepime, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. ceftriaxone (64%), aztreonam (52%), (36%) for: amikacin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (0%). For environmental samples, the results showed 44% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline (36%), (32%) for: ampicillin and amoxicillin /clavulanate, (16%) for nalidixic acid, cefotaxime and ceftazidime, (12%) for cefepime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam, (8%) for ciprofloxacin, imipenem and amikacin, nitrofurantoin (4%). All isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin and gentamycin (0%). The presence of this highly virulent and MDR isolates urged us to work seriously to control the spread of antibiotics.
{"title":"Distribution of some antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in E coli from aquatic environment and clinical isolates","authors":"Darweesh Jabbar Ahmed","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt028033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt028033","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 80 clinical and environmental samples included 40 waste water samples and 40 stool samples from hospitalized patients. 50 isolates were diagnosed as E. coli. Four virulence genes (Cnfl, Hly, Kpsm and FyuA) were tested which showed 0%, 12%, 24% and 88% respectively for clinical samples and 0%, 0%, 20% and 52% respectively for environmental samples. Six antibiotics resistance genes were detected (TEM, SHV, CTXM1, CTXM2, Oxa and Mox1), their percentages were 24%, 40%, 92%, 68%, 24% and 48% respectively for clinical samples and 16%, 0%, 4%, 100%, 8% and 64% respectively for environmental samples. 16 antibiotics were tested against isolates. Results showed different percentages of resistance to antibiotics as follows: for clinical samples, the highest level of resistance was for tetracycline (100%), imipenem (100%), followed by ampicillin (84%), amoxicillin /clavulanate (80%), cefotaxime (80%), ceftazidime (72%), (68%) for: cefepime, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. ceftriaxone (64%), aztreonam (52%), (36%) for: amikacin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (0%). For environmental samples, the results showed 44% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline (36%), (32%) for: ampicillin and amoxicillin /clavulanate, (16%) for nalidixic acid, cefotaxime and ceftazidime, (12%) for cefepime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam, (8%) for ciprofloxacin, imipenem and amikacin, nitrofurantoin (4%). All isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin and gentamycin (0%). The presence of this highly virulent and MDR isolates urged us to work seriously to control the spread of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rose A. Leema, Priya F. Janeeta, S. Vidhya, T.R. Amsica
In the modern era, the major health issue is cancer. Cancer is one of the second- deadliest death-causing diseases worldwide. Graphene is a carbon-based material that has drawn a great deal of attention because of its eccentric chemical and physical properties. Moreover, graphene can be transformed into graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, depending on its application. Chemical reduction of graphene oxide was associated with toxic and harmful reducing compounds; hence, the green, efficient and cost-effective approach for graphene synthesis is using plant extract. In this contemporary study, the reduced graphene oxide can be synthesized from Asparagus racemosus root extract, involving anti-cancer activity. The reduced graphene oxide was characterized from UV-Visible, FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The size and shape of the synthesized reduced graphene oxide were confirmed from SEM studies. The anti-cancer activity showed a strong cytotoxic effect on the tested cell line.
{"title":"Apoptotic effect of reduced Graphene Oxide on MCF-7 Breast cancer cell line using Asparagus Racemosus roots","authors":"Rose A. Leema, Priya F. Janeeta, S. Vidhya, T.R. Amsica","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt058064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt058064","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern era, the major health issue is cancer. Cancer is one of the second- deadliest death-causing diseases worldwide. Graphene is a carbon-based material that has drawn a great deal of attention because of its eccentric chemical and physical properties. Moreover, graphene can be transformed into graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide, depending on its application. Chemical reduction of graphene oxide was associated with toxic and harmful reducing compounds; hence, the green, efficient and cost-effective approach for graphene synthesis is using plant extract. In this contemporary study, the reduced graphene oxide can be synthesized from Asparagus racemosus root extract, involving anti-cancer activity. The reduced graphene oxide was characterized from UV-Visible, FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The size and shape of the synthesized reduced graphene oxide were confirmed from SEM studies. The anti-cancer activity showed a strong cytotoxic effect on the tested cell line.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.25303/1811rjbt01250132
Preethi Jenifer S. Praticia, C. Krishnaveni, M. Kanchana
Seeds of leguminous plants are generally considered as orthodox seed. However, the conditions for combinations of dormancy, as well as the location of water gaps in Fabaceae seeds remain unclear. In the present study, we consider the adaptive role of impermeable coats in the seeds of Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth., Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Cassia fistula L., Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., Pongamia pinnata L. The study was specially designed to analyze the condition that broke physical dormancy and locating primary water gap during dormancy breaking. Seeds were treated in hot water to break its physical dormancy and it was observed that water entered only through the lens due to dislodgement of palisade layer. In addition to extension of storage life of Delonix regia seed, it was proved by analyzing the low moisture content of 5.31%. This study concludes that the impermeable seed coat of seeds with low moisture content will increases storage life and seed imbibition adjusts germination with the growing season.
豆科植物的种子通常被认为是正统种子。然而，豆科植物种子组合休眠的条件以及水分间隙的位置尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们考虑了金合欢种子中不透水外壳的适应性作用。Benth交货。，德龙尼吉亚(Bojer ex Hook)。英国皇家空军。决明子瘘L.， Samanea saman (Jacq.)稳定。本研究专门分析了凤梨物理休眠打破的条件，定位了凤梨休眠打破时的初级水隙。在热水中处理种子以打破其物理休眠，观察到由于栅栏层的移位，水只能通过透镜进入。通过分析其5.31%的低含水率，证明其具有延长龙葵种子贮藏期的作用。研究表明，低含水量种子的不透水种皮可以延长种子的贮藏寿命，而种子的吸胀作用可以根据生长季节调节种子的萌发。
{"title":"Role of lens and dormancy breaking treatment in Fabaceae seeds (Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth., Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Cassia fistula L., Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., Pongamia pinnata L.)","authors":"Preethi Jenifer S. Praticia, C. Krishnaveni, M. Kanchana","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt01250132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt01250132","url":null,"abstract":"Seeds of leguminous plants are generally considered as orthodox seed. However, the conditions for combinations of dormancy, as well as the location of water gaps in Fabaceae seeds remain unclear. In the present study, we consider the adaptive role of impermeable coats in the seeds of Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth., Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Cassia fistula L., Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., Pongamia pinnata L. The study was specially designed to analyze the condition that broke physical dormancy and locating primary water gap during dormancy breaking. Seeds were treated in hot water to break its physical dormancy and it was observed that water entered only through the lens due to dislodgement of palisade layer. In addition to extension of storage life of Delonix regia seed, it was proved by analyzing the low moisture content of 5.31%. This study concludes that the impermeable seed coat of seeds with low moisture content will increases storage life and seed imbibition adjusts germination with the growing season.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present changing climatic conditions are affecting crop productivity worldwide. The crop growth and productivity are adversely hit by perturbed climatic conditions and climate change. Being sessile, plants are openly exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses which limit the crop productivity. Crop plants exhibit tolerance and susceptibility under adverse conditions through various attributes at different levels like morphological, physiological, biochemical and genetic level, although their magnitude of response varies. Crops responses toward abiotic stresses have increased in the recent years by advancement of technology and understanding of physiology, molecular and genetic level of crops response to these stresses. In the processes of development of stress-tolerant plants, several genes associated tolerance and adaptation get activated leading to modulate several biochemical, physiological and metabolic pathways. Stress also induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently change in signal transduction in the plants switches towards enhancement of antioxidant system. Both abiotic and biotic stresses affect all the physiological processes of the legume plants, especially photosynthesis, respiration, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency etc. The activity of cell organelles like mitochondria, chloroplast and vacuoles is also affected by stress. The present study is focusing on the impact of diverse abiotic stresses at different levels in legume crops and changes at physiological, biochemical and molecular level. It also discusses the opportunities to ameliorate the ability of the legumes to enhance abiotic stress tolerance for crop improvement and agriculture sustainability.
{"title":"Understanding of effect and mechanism of abiotic stress tolerance in legumes and recent development","authors":"Anamika ., Raghvendra Saxena, R.S. Tomar, Raghvendra Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.25303/1811rjbt2530263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1811rjbt2530263","url":null,"abstract":"The present changing climatic conditions are affecting crop productivity worldwide. The crop growth and productivity are adversely hit by perturbed climatic conditions and climate change. Being sessile, plants are openly exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses which limit the crop productivity. Crop plants exhibit tolerance and susceptibility under adverse conditions through various attributes at different levels like morphological, physiological, biochemical and genetic level, although their magnitude of response varies. Crops responses toward abiotic stresses have increased in the recent years by advancement of technology and understanding of physiology, molecular and genetic level of crops response to these stresses. In the processes of development of stress-tolerant plants, several genes associated tolerance and adaptation get activated leading to modulate several biochemical, physiological and metabolic pathways. Stress also induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently change in signal transduction in the plants switches towards enhancement of antioxidant system. Both abiotic and biotic stresses affect all the physiological processes of the legume plants, especially photosynthesis, respiration, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency etc. The activity of cell organelles like mitochondria, chloroplast and vacuoles is also affected by stress. The present study is focusing on the impact of diverse abiotic stresses at different levels in legume crops and changes at physiological, biochemical and molecular level. It also discusses the opportunities to ameliorate the ability of the legumes to enhance abiotic stress tolerance for crop improvement and agriculture sustainability.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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