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Peculiarities of the development of reproductive organs of ornamental crabapples (Malus spp.) depending on drought resistance 观赏海棠(Malus spp.)生殖器官发育的抗旱性特点
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.15421/022344
A. Konopelko, O. Opalko, O. A. Balabak, A. I. Opalko
The current task for both pomiculture and ornamental horticulture is the formation of plant cultivars resistant to different environmental stress and maintaining their high productivity. Drought is one of the most significant environmental factors that inhibit plant growth and development and cause a set of morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plant organisms. The aim of our research was to discover the relationship between the development of the reproductive organs of ornamental crabapples and the physiological indicators determined by drought stress factors. The four species and three cultivars of the ornamental crabapples (Malus spp.) from the collection of the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine were involved in the study: M. × floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte, M. halliana Koehne, M. niedzwetzkyana Dieck, M. × purpurea (A. Barbier) Rehder, M. × purpurea ‘Ola’, M. × purpurea ‘Royalty’, and M. × purpurea ‘Selkirk’. Drought resistance was determined by the following quantitative indicators: leaf water content, relative turgidity, leaf water deficit, and excised leaf water retention capacity. The leaf water content ranged from 60.0% (M. × floribunda) to 67.2% (M. × purpurea), the relative turgidity ranged from 81.7% (M. × purpurea ‘Ola’) to 98.9% (M. halliana), and the leaf water deficit ranged from 6.8% (M. halliana) to 24.4% (of M. niedzwetzkyana). As a result, the leaves of M. halliana lost the smallest amount of water in 24 hours (50.2%), whereas M. × purpurea 'Ola' leaves lost the largest amount (77.4%). The development of the reproductive organs was estimated based on the fertility and viability of pollen grains, percentage of fruit and seed set. Pollen fertility ranged from 79.8% (of M. niedzwetzkyana) to 95.0% (M. × purpurea 'Ola'); its viability varied from 5.1% (M. niedzwetzkyana) to 51.5% (M. × floribunda). The highest fruit set percentages were recorded in M. floribunda (80.5%), while the lowest was in M. × purpurea 'Royalty' (16.4%). The average percentage of seed sets was 48.5%. The development of the reproductive organs of Malus specimens depended on their drought resistance. The fruit and seed set percentages had a strong negative correlation with the water deficit in leaves determined during the period of drought stress. The percentage of fruit set was also strongly correlated with relative turgidity. The leaf water deficit and relative turgidity were the most important physiological indicators in the drought resistance study, taking into account the need to maintain crop yield and the decorative effect of Malus plants.
目前,果树栽培和观赏园艺的任务都是培育对不同环境胁迫具有抗性的植物品种,并保持其高产率。干旱是抑制植物生长发育的最重要的环境因素之一,并导致植物有机体发生一系列形态、生理和生化变化。本研究旨在探讨观赏海棠生殖器官发育与干旱胁迫因素决定的生理指标之间的关系。来自乌克兰国家树木公园“Sofiyivka”的四个品种和三个品种的观赏海棠(Malus spp.)参与了研究:M.×floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte、M.halliana Koehne、M.niedzwetzkyana Dieck、M.×purpurea(A.Barbier)Rehder、M.×,×purpurea‘Selkirk’。抗旱性由以下定量指标决定:叶片含水量、相对膨润度、叶片缺水量和离体叶片保水能力。叶片含水量在60.0%(M.×floribunda)到67.2%(M.×purpurea)之间,相对膨润度在81.7%(M.×purpurea‘Ola’)到98.9%(M.halliana)之间;叶片缺水率在6.8%(M.haliana)到24.4%(M.niedzwetzkyana)之间。结果表明,M.halliana叶片在24小时内失水量最小(50.2%),而M.×purpurea‘Ola’叶片失水量最大(77.4%)。花粉育性范围为79.8%(M.niedzwetzkyana)至95.0%(M.×purpurea‘Ola’);其活力在5.1%(M.niedzwetzkyana)到51.5%(M.×floribunda)之间变化。结实率最高的是花叶锦葵(80.5%),而最低的是“皇家锦葵”(16.4%)。平均结实率为48.5%。苹果属植物生殖器官的发育取决于其抗旱性。结实率和结实率与干旱胁迫期间确定的叶片水分亏缺呈极强的负相关。坐果率也与相对膨胀度密切相关。考虑到维持作物产量的需要和苹果属植物的装饰效果,叶片缺水和相对膨润度是抗旱研究中最重要的生理指标。
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引用次数: 0
Age features of the microscopic structure of the intestines of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) 虎皮鹦鹉肠道显微结构的年龄特征
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.15421/022345
М. М. Kushch, I. Y. Lavrova, І. А. Fesenko, О. S. Miroshnikova, L. М. Liakhovich, L. Kushch, О. V. Byrka
Information about the morphology of the budgerigar intestines is a necessary condition for the preparation of diets for feeding, prevention and treatment of diseases of the digestive system, the state of which determines the intensity of growth and development of the bird’s body. The features of the histological structure of the intestines of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) of 9 ages: 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 180 and 365 days of age were studied. Histological preparations were made according to the classical method with hematoxylin and eosin staining of sections, according to Mallory and Grimelius. Morphometric parameters of microstructures were determined on preparations from a transverse section of the middle section of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and rectum. In the intestinal wall of the budgerigar, three membranes were identified: mucous, muscular and serous. Three layers were found in the mucosa: epithelial, lamina propria, and muscular lamina. The predominant type of epitheliocytes were rim enterocytes, goblet cells were found in a smaller number, the number of which increased towards the rectum, as well as enteroendocrine cells, which were located mainly in the crypts. The muscularis mucosa consists of several layers of cells of smooth muscle tissue, which delimits the lamina propria from the muscle membrane, encircles the crypts, and accompanies the blood capillaries of the villi. The submucosa was not found. The muscular coat consists of two layers formed by smooth muscle tissue: the inner circular and the outer longitudinal. The enteric nervous system is represented by two nerve plexuses: the submucosal, located between the muscularis mucosa, and the myenteric, located in the outer layer of the muscular membrane. There was a general pattern of increase in changes in most parameters with age : the diameter of the intestine, wall thickness, mucous membrane and muscle membrane, height, width and surface area of the villi, the depth of the crypts. Changes in the size of the microstructures of the intestines were asynchronous. The most intensive changes in the size of microstructures occurred in the first month after hatching, especially in the first week. They corresponded to the values of an adult bird mainly at 21–30 days of age. A decrease in the thickness of the wall, mucosa, height of the villi, and their surface area in the direction from the duodenum to the rectum was established.
关于虎皮鹦鹉肠道形态的信息是为喂养、预防和治疗消化系统疾病准备饮食的必要条件,消化系统疾病的状态决定了虎皮鹦鹉身体的生长发育强度。研究了9日龄(1、3、7、14、21、30、60、180和365日龄)虎皮鹦鹉肠道的组织结构特征。根据Mallory和Grimelius的说法,根据经典方法,用苏木精和伊红染色切片制备组织学制剂。在十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠中段的横截面上测定制剂的微观结构的形态计量参数。在虎皮鹦鹉的肠壁中,发现了三种膜:粘液膜、肌肉膜和浆液膜。在粘膜中发现三层:上皮层、固有层和肌层。上皮样细胞的主要类型是边缘肠上皮细胞,杯状细胞数量较少,其数量向直肠增加,肠内分泌细胞主要位于隐窝。粘膜肌层由几层平滑肌组织细胞组成,将固有层与肌膜隔开,包围隐窝,并伴随绒毛的毛细血管。未发现黏膜下层。肌被由平滑肌组织形成的两层组成:内圆形和外纵向。肠神经系统由两个神经丛代表:粘膜下层,位于粘膜肌层之间,肌间,位于肌膜外层。大多数参数的变化随着年龄的增长而普遍增加:肠直径、壁厚、粘膜和肌肉膜、绒毛的高度、宽度和表面积、隐窝的深度。肠道微观结构的大小变化是不同步的。微结构尺寸变化最剧烈的发生在孵化后的第一个月,尤其是第一周。它们与主要在21-30日龄的成年鸟的值相对应。在从十二指肠到直肠的方向上,壁、粘膜、绒毛高度及其表面积都有所减少。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of allogeneic blood transfusion on the immunity parameters in recipient rabbits 异体输血对兔免疫指标的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.15421/022343
M. O. Malyuk, O. V. Yehorov, M. A. Kulida
Blood transfusion is always associated with immunological risks. In animals, immune conflicts can occur, because other than erythrocytes and plasma factors, many other antigens (leukocytes, trombocytes) are not accounted for. This publication is focused on morphological changes in blood of recipient rabbits following allogeneic transfusion. Modeling of blood transfusion was performed on five clinically healthy rabbits by intravenous injection of allogeneic whole blood in estimation of 5.5 mL/kg of body weight. The materials for the study were the blood samples, gathered on the 3rd, 7th, and 23th days after the transfusion. We determined that in the organism of the recipient animals, there occurred post-transfusion leukocytosis. Increase in the number of leukocytes in the experimental animals did not exceed the physiological parameters. After whole-blood transfusion, the amount of lymphocytes and granulocytes in the recipient rabbits did not significantly change over 23 days of the experiment. We recorded significant decrease in the amount of monocytes on the 3–23rd day after allogeneic transfusion in the organism of the recipient rabbits. Following the blood transfusion, percentage of T-lymphocytes in the recipient rabbits increased compared with the initial condition on the 3rd and 7th days of the experimental studies, and decreased on the 23rd day. Percentage of B-lymphocytes in the recipient rabbits after the allogeneic blood transfusion increased compared with the initial level, indicating activation of specific immunity. The whole-blood transfusion led to decrease in the percentage of O-lymphocytes in the recipient on the 3rd day of the experiment, and increase on the 7th and 23rd days of the experiment, as compared with the initial condition. The conducted studies of allogeneic transplantation of whole blood demonstrate that whole-blood transfusion entails a cascade of complex immunological reactions in the recipient animals. The prospects for further research are studies of influence of allogeneic transfusion of blood components on the parameters of specific and non-specific links of immunity of the recipient animals.
输血总是与免疫风险有关。在动物中,可能会发生免疫冲突,因为除了红细胞和血浆因子外,许多其他抗原(白细胞、长白细胞)都没有被考虑在内。本出版物的重点是同种异体输血后受体兔血液的形态学变化。通过静脉注射异基因全血对5只临床健康兔进行输血建模,估计体重为5.5mL/kg。研究材料为输血后第3、7和23天采集的血液样本。我们确定,在受体动物的机体中,出现了输血后的白细胞增多。实验动物中白细胞数量的增加没有超过生理参数。全血输注后,受体兔的淋巴细胞和粒细胞数量在实验的23天内没有显著变化。我们记录到,在接受同种异体输血后的第3-23天,受体兔体内的单核细胞数量显著减少。输血后,受体兔的T淋巴细胞百分比在实验研究的第3天和第7天与初始条件相比增加,在第23天下降。异基因输血后受体兔的B淋巴细胞百分比比初始水平增加,表明特异性免疫激活。与初始条件相比,全血输注导致受体中O淋巴细胞的百分比在实验的第3天降低,在实验的7天和23天增加。对异体全血移植进行的研究表明,全血输血在受体动物中会引起一系列复杂的免疫反应。进一步研究的前景是研究同种异体输血对受体动物特异性和非特异性免疫环节参数的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Impacts on gut microbiota of rats with high-fat diet supplemented by herbs of Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Salvia officinalis 高脂肪日粮中添加香叶、薰衣草和鼠尾草对大鼠肠道菌群的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.15421/022323
M. Bilan, M. Lieshchova, V. Brygadyrenko
Medicinal plants are used in traditional, folk medicine and veterinary practice to treat and prevent exacerbations of chronic diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, respiratory and digestive organs, liver, bile ducts, kidneys, urinary tract, to regulate metabolism and to boost immunity, etc. The therapeutic effect on the body is exerted by biologically active substances (alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, essential oils, and others) that are present in various parts of plants. Understanding the issue of interaction between the intestinal microbiota and drugs based on medicinal plants will contribute to the development of treatment protocols for various diseases, including chronic ones, by the normalization of impaired functions due to plant origin substances. In this study, we determined the effect of Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Salvia officinalis on the intestinal microbiota of white rats fed a high-fat diet. The addition of 5% crushed young dry shoots of S. officinalis, L. angustifolia, M. officinalis to the high-fat diet of laboratory rats significantly changed the quantitative ratio of Escherichia coli with normal and altered enzymatic properties in the intestinal content. The number of typical E. coli in rats fed with S. officinalis and L. angustifolia decreased by 1.7 and 1.6 times; non-lactose fermenting form of E. coli, on the contrary, increased by 1.8–2.1 times in rats fed with any of the medicinal plants compared to the control. Amid the addition of medicinal plants to the diet, it was not possible to isolate opportunistic enterobacteria of the genus Citrobacter, however, an increase in the number of the genus Candida fungi was observed.
药用植物在传统、民间医学和兽医实践中用于治疗和预防慢性病、心血管和神经系统疾病、呼吸和消化器官疾病、肝脏、胆管、肾脏、泌尿道疾病的恶化,调节新陈代谢和提高免疫力等。对身体的治疗作用是由存在于植物不同部位的生物活性物质(生物碱、糖苷、单宁、精油等)发挥的。了解肠道微生物群与药用植物药物之间的相互作用问题,将有助于制定各种疾病(包括慢性疾病)的治疗方案,通过使植物源物质引起的功能受损正常化。在本研究中,我们测定了药用草、薰衣草、鼠尾草对饲喂高脂肪饲料的大鼠肠道菌群的影响。实验大鼠高脂饲料中添加5%的officinalis、L. angustifolia、M. officinalis粉碎嫩枝干枝,可显著改变肠内容物中酶学性质正常和改变的大肠杆菌的数量比例。饲喂officinalis和L. angustifolia的大鼠典型大肠杆菌数量分别减少1.7倍和1.6倍;相反,食用任何一种药用植物的大鼠的非乳糖发酵型大肠杆菌的数量比对照组增加了1.8-2.1倍。在饲料中添加药用植物时,无法分离出柠檬酸杆菌属的机会性肠杆菌,但观察到念珠菌属真菌的数量增加。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of autological growth factors on activation of regenerative processes of the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses 自体生长因子对马指浅屈肌腱再生过程激活的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.15421/022342
M. O. Malyuk, E. Brusko, Y. O. Hnapovska, V. V. Tkachenko, D. V. Tarnavskiy, Т. A. Tkachenko
Injury of the superficial digital flexor tendon is known for slow and functionally incomplete recovery, which is a problem in the equestrian horse farming. In the clinical studies, we used platelet-rich plasma, obtained from horse blood, and a specially designed scheme of rehabilitation after physical loads for the treatment of injuries of the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses. We analyzed four clinical cases of injuries of the superficial digital flexor of horses, of which 3 cases were treated using platelet-rich plasma, injected under ultrasound-diagnostic control, and one case that was treated without its administration. Ultrasound studies of the superficial digital flexor tendon revealed the following changes: increase in the volume of the tendon, damage to the fiber structure, and absence of fibrosity on the longitudinal images, and hypo-echogenic or anechogenic structure on transverse and longitudinal images. The results of the platelet-rich-plasma treatment of the horses were compared with the control (without utilization of platelet-rich plasma). As seen on the ultrasound images during the intermediate-control stage (2.5–4.0 months after injury), the horses that had received injection of platelet-rich plasma and had undergone the complex of physical exercises were forming new fibers of the superficial digital flexor tendon, which had distinct structure and alignment. This indicated the process of their physiological development. Four and a half months after being injured, the horse that had only received a symptomatic treatment combined with a complex of rehabilitating physical loads had poorly structured fibers in the damaged area, with their disordered alignment, as revealed by the longitudinal images. This suggested the formation of a scar. Transverse images showed the anechogenic areas of the injury suffered by this horse. The method of preparing and administration of platelet-rich plasma is relatively cheap, given the equipment and a qualification of a veterinary doctor. Taking into account its identified efficacy for recovery of the superficial digital flexor tendon, it would be promising to conduct further clinical trials using platelet-rich plasma for treating other injured tendons of horses, which can notably increase the quality of recovered connective tissues.
众所周知,指浅屈肌肌腱的损伤是由于恢复缓慢和功能不完全,这是马术养殖中的一个问题。在临床研究中,我们使用了从马血中获得的富含血小板的血浆,以及一种专门设计的物理负荷后康复方案来治疗马的指浅屈肌腱损伤。我们分析了4例马指浅屈肌损伤的临床病例,其中3例使用富含血小板的血浆进行治疗,在超声诊断控制下注射,1例未使用该血浆进行治疗。对指浅屈肌腱的超声研究显示了以下变化:肌腱体积增加,纤维结构受损,纵向图像上没有纤维化,横向和纵向图像上有低回声或无回声结构。将马的富含血小板的血浆处理的结果与对照(未使用富含血小板的等离子体)进行比较。正如在中期对照阶段(受伤后2.5–4.0个月)的超声图像所示,接受了富含血小板血浆注射并进行了复杂体育锻炼的马正在形成具有不同结构和排列的指浅屈肌腱的新纤维。这表明了它们的生理发育过程。受伤四个半月后,这匹马只接受了症状治疗,并结合了复杂的恢复体力负荷,纵向图像显示,受损区域的纤维结构不良,排列紊乱。这表明形成了一道疤痕。横向图像显示了这匹马受伤的轶事区域。考虑到设备和兽医的资质,制备和施用富含血小板的血浆的方法相对便宜。考虑到其对指浅屈肌腱恢复的疗效,使用富含血小板的血浆治疗马的其他损伤肌腱进行进一步的临床试验是有希望的,这可以显著提高恢复的结缔组织的质量。
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引用次数: 0
The prognostic significance of the activities of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in dogs for mammary gland neoplasia (pilot study) 基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9活性对犬乳腺肿瘤的预后意义(初步研究)
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.15421/022340
M. S. Kovalenko, D. D. Bilyi, K. R. Hrebeniuk
The aim of this study was to determine the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in blood and tumour tissue of female dogs with benign and malignant mammary gland neoplasias. The increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 was registered in 3.8–8.9% of canines with benign neoplasias (adenoma, mixed tumour) and in 32.5–63.5% of those with malignant neoplasias (carcinoma: mixed type, ductal, tubular, tubulopapillary). Neoplastic transformation is accompanied by blood level increase of both latent and active enzyme forms. The dogs with malignant mammary gland neoplasias were diagnosed with credible increase of matrix metalloproteinases-2 activity up to 1.59–1.96 in blood plasma and up to 21.57–24.84 in tumour tissue and the increase of matrix metalloproteinases-9 activity up to 2.16–2.67 and 29.53–35.26 respectively. For benign mammary neoplasms, the proportion of dogs with enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was higher than the number of patients in whom an increase in the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 or both of these enzymes was registered by 1.7 times, for dogs with malignant tumours – in blood plasma – by 1.4–1.6 times, dogs with neoplastic changed functional tissue – 1.7 and 1.9 times, respectively. Histological type and metastatic foci presence did not correlate with enzymes’ activity. The enzymes’ activity figures in benign neoplasias fluctuated within those in clinically healthy animals. A positive characteristic of determining the plasma and tissue expression level of matrix metalloproteinases in dogs with mammary tumours is the low degree of invasiveness of the method against the background of the high informativeness of the results obtained in the preoperative period. The obtained results prove the possibility of using matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 to predict the course and to control the treatment of mammary neoplasia.
本研究旨在测定母犬乳腺良恶性肿瘤患者血液和肿瘤组织中基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9的活性。在3.8-8.9%的犬良性肿瘤(腺瘤、混合性肿瘤)和32.5-63.5%的恶性肿瘤(癌:混合型、导管型、管状、管状乳头状)中,基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9的活性升高。肿瘤转化伴随着潜伏和活性酶形式的血液水平升高。恶性乳腺肿瘤犬血浆基质金属蛋白酶-2活性可信升高1.59 ~ 1.96,肿瘤组织基质金属蛋白酶-9活性可信升高21.57 ~ 24.84,分别为2.16 ~ 2.67和29.53 ~ 35.26。在乳腺良性肿瘤中,基质金属蛋白酶-2表达增强的犬只比例是基质金属蛋白酶-9或两者同时表达增强的犬只比例的1.7倍;在血浆中患有恶性肿瘤的犬只中,基质金属蛋白酶-9表达增强的犬只比例为1.4-1.6倍;患有肿瘤的犬只中,功能组织改变的犬只比例分别为1.7倍和1.9倍。组织学类型和转移灶的存在与酶的活性无关。这些酶在良性肿瘤中的活性值在临床健康动物中波动。测定乳腺肿瘤狗的血浆和组织中基质金属蛋白酶表达水平的一个积极特征是,该方法的低侵入程度,而术前获得的结果具有高信息性。这些结果证明了利用基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9预测乳腺肿瘤病程和控制治疗的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological characteristics of the duodenum of piglets fed with various feed additives 不同饲料添加剂对仔猪十二指肠形态的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-21 DOI: 10.15421/022339
Т. Prudyus
Early weaning of piglets from the sow and a sharp transition to granular feeding usually leads to the development of feed stress. As a consequence, changes occur in the small intestine epithelium, which are associated with desquamation of the epithelium of the villi, crypt hyperplasia and atrophy of the villi, colonization of pathogenic microflora, which leads to a decrease in digestion and absorption of nutrients. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various feed additives on the morphofunctional state of the duodenal mucosa of piglets in the pre-weaning period. Forty piglets of the same age were involved in the experiment, which were divided into four groups of 10 head each. The first group of piglets was a control one and received a standard diet and free access to water from the 7th day of life. Additionally to their standard diet, the piglets of group II were given a drug which included a combination of live yeast of the genus Saccharomyces and a complex of 6 enzymes (proteases, cellulases, xylanases, α-amylases, β-glucanases and phytases) in the amount of 0.5 kg/t of feed. Piglets of group III received 0.2 kg/t of a feed additive consisting of a mixture of essential oils from plant extracts. Piglets of group IV were given a supplement with dry yeast and egg powder enriched with immunoglobulins. Piglets had constant access to feed and water. On the 14th and 28th day of the experiment, three piglets from each group were euthanized in compliance with ethical standards for animals used in experiments. According to the results of histological studies, it was established that the duodenum mucous membrane in piglets of all experimental groups was characterized by insignificant variability. Mostly, the villi had a leaf-like or finger-like shape. The crypts were mostly closely adjacent to each other. The muscle layer was well developed, represented by smooth muscles that diverged in the places where the excretory ducts of Brunner's glands pass. The lamina of the mucous membrane was represented by a loose connective tissue made of collagen fibers and, to a lesser extent, elastic fibers and small capillaries between which lymphoid cellular elements were located. The enterocytes of the apical surface of the villi had a well-defined brush border and elongated nuclei that occupied a third of the cytoplasm. Morphometric studies showed that, compared to the control group of piglets, the addition of feed additives with a mixture of essential oils increased the taste and smell of the feed, contributing to its better consumption, thus having a positive effect on the condition of the mucous membrane. On the 14th and 28th day, a significant increase in the height and width of the villi was noted. In piglets that received feed supplements with a combination of live yeast, positive dynamics were also observed in terms of increasing the ratio of villi height to crypt depth. Summarizing the experiment results, we can note that various feed addi
仔猪从母猪早期断奶并急剧过渡到颗粒喂养通常会导致饲料压力的发展。因此,小肠上皮发生变化,与绒毛上皮脱落、隐窝增生和绒毛萎缩、病原菌群定植有关,从而导致营养物质的消化和吸收减少。因此,本研究的目的是评估各种饲料添加剂对断奶前仔猪十二指肠粘膜形态功能状态的影响。40头同龄仔猪被分为四组,每组10头。第一组仔猪是对照组,从出生第7天起接受标准饮食和免费饮水。除了标准饮食外,第二组的仔猪还服用了一种药物,该药物包括酵母属活酵母和6种酶(蛋白酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶、β-葡聚糖酶和植酸酶)的复合物,用量为0.5 kg/t饲料。第III组的仔猪接受0.2kg/t的饲料添加剂,该添加剂由来自植物提取物的精油的混合物组成。给IV组的仔猪补充干酵母和富含免疫球蛋白的蛋粉。小猪经常能得到饲料和水。在实验的第14天和第28天,根据实验中使用的动物伦理标准,每组三只小猪被安乐死。根据组织学研究结果,所有实验组仔猪的十二指肠粘膜均具有不显著的变异性。绒毛多数呈叶片状或手指状。地下室大多彼此紧邻。肌肉层发育良好,表现为在Brunner腺排泄管经过的地方分叉的平滑肌。粘膜层表现为由胶原纤维组成的松散结缔组织,在较小程度上,由弹性纤维和小毛细血管组成,淋巴细胞元件位于这些组织之间。绒毛顶端表面的肠上皮细胞有明确的刷状边界和细长的细胞核,占据细胞质的三分之一。形态计量学研究表明,与对照组仔猪相比,添加含有精油混合物的饲料添加剂增加了饲料的味道和气味,有助于更好地食用,从而对粘膜状况产生积极影响。在第14天和第28天,绒毛的高度和宽度显著增加。在接受含有活酵母组合的饲料补充剂的仔猪中,还观察到绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比增加的积极动态。总结实验结果,我们可以注意到,各种饲料添加剂对十二指肠粘膜的状况有积极影响,但含有植物提取物精油混合物的饲料添加剂更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of dry extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture with selenium-containing amino acids on the productivity and chemical composition of meat of broiler chickens 含硒氨基酸酿酒酵母干提取物对肉鸡生产能力和肉化学成分的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.15421/022324
J. M. Poberezhets, R. Chudak, O. Razanova, O. Skoromna, T. Farionik, G. M. Ohorodnichuk, T. L. Holubenko, V. А. Glavatchuk
Introduction of biologically active supplements to the diet of poultry results in maximal use of nutrients and positively influences the live weight and slaughter parameters. This promotes rational and economical use of fodders and boosts the poultry productivity. We studied a mineral feed supplement – an organic selenium compound, which has a much greater bioavailability than inorganic sources of selenium. Selenomethionine is easily digested in the organism and effectively used for synthesis of proteins. Broiler chickens of the experimental group that had been consuming the selenoamino-acid feed additive had greater live weight at the age of 14–42 days, compared with the control. Intake of the mineral supplement by the broiler chickens in the experimental group increased their mean daily increment by 8.5% and the absolute increment by 8.6%, compared with the control peers. In the experimental group of broilers, the mineral supplement increased the pre-slaughter live weight by 8.4%, weight of intact carcass by 10.1%. Also, the weight of the semi-processed carcasses (i.e. those with removed intestines and cloaca, filled crop, oviduct and ovary (in female specimens) increased by 4.3%, and the weight of the processed carcasses (the internal organs and abdominal-cavity fat and esophagus of which were removed, without head, legs and wing metacarpals) increased by 8.0%, compared with the control group of broilers. In the experimental group, the feed supplement gave 13.7% rise in the weight of the breast muscles and 14.5% increase in the weight of the thigh muscles, compared with the control group. Intake of this supplement in the experimental group promoted 7.5% increase in the weight of the gizzard by and 9.2% increase in the weight of the duodenum, as compared with the control. Usage of the selenoamino-acid feed supplement increased the protein concentration in the breast muscles of the broiler chickens by 1.9%, compared with the control. Intake of the mineral supplement increased the amounts of dry matter and fat in the thigh muscles of the experimental group, compared with the control group. Therefore, adding dry yeast extract to diet of broilers together with selenium-containing amino acids is a promising method of increasing the effectiveness of poultry farming.
在家禽的饮食中引入生物活性补充剂可以最大限度地利用营养,并对活重和屠宰参数产生积极影响。这促进了饲料的合理和经济使用,并提高了家禽的生产力。我们研究了一种矿物饲料补充剂——一种有机硒化合物,它的生物利用度比无机硒来源高得多。硒蛋氨酸在生物体内易于消化,可有效地用于蛋白质的合成。与对照组相比,食用硒氨基酸饲料添加剂的实验组肉鸡在14–42日龄时的活重更大。与对照组相比,实验组肉鸡摄入矿物质补充剂使其平均日增量增加8.5%,绝对增量增加8.6%。在肉鸡实验组中,矿物质补充剂使屠宰前活重增加8.4%,使完整胴体重量增加10.1%。此外,半加工胴体(即去除肠道和泄殖腔、填充作物、输卵管和卵巢的胴体(雌性标本)的重量增加4.3%,处理后的胴体(去除内脏、腹腔脂肪和食道,不含头、腿和翼掌骨)重量比对照组增加8.0%。在实验组中,与对照组相比,补充饲料使胸肌重量增加13.7%,大腿肌肉重量增加14.5%。与对照组相比,实验组摄入该补充剂可促进砂眼重量增加7.5%,十二指肠重量增加9.2%。与对照组相比,硒氨基酸饲料补充剂的使用使肉鸡胸肌中的蛋白质浓度增加了1.9%。与对照组相比,摄入矿物质补充剂增加了实验组大腿肌肉中的干物质和脂肪量。因此,在肉鸡日粮中添加干酵母提取物和含硒氨基酸是一种很有前途的提高家禽养殖效果的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Oxidative modification of proteins and antioxidant status in blood of the rats with experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes 链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠急性广泛性腹膜炎的蛋白质氧化修饰和血液抗氧化状态
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.15421/022338
B. Verveha, B. V. Gutyj, S. H. Lishchuk, M. I. Holubiev, R. Mylostyvyi
Modern aspects of the pathogenesis of acute inflammation of the peritoneum that is concurrent with diabetes involves analysis of metabolic mechanisms, in particular peroxidaton of proteins – antioxidant defense. Therefore, the objective of our study was to examine the interrelation between the processes of free-radical oxidation of proteins and antioxidant system in the dynamics of development of acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The study was performed on 56 non-linear white mature male rats. Diabetes mellitus was modeled by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). On the 14th day of the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, we injected 10% filtrated faeces suspension (0.5 mL) into the abdominal cavity, thus initiating acute generalized peritonitis. Oxidative modification of proteins in blood serum was studied using the I. F. Meshchyshen’s method and the condition of antioxidant protection was monitored according to the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, content of reduced glutathione, and the level of ceruloplasmin. The study of the parameters of free-radical oxidation of proteins and study of the condition of antioxidant system in blood of the rats with experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes demonstrated that oxidative protein modification grew, while the parameters of the activity of antioxidant system were being inhibited, depending on the stage of acute inflammation of the peritoneum. We determined inverse correlation relationships between the products of free-radical oxidation of proteins and parameters of antioxidant system on the third and on the seventh days of modelling of combined pathology. Manifestation of acute generalized peritonitis concurring with streptozotocin-induced diabetes was accompanied by a gradual accumulation of the products of free-radical oxidation of proteins and exhaustion of the antioxidant defense during all stages of the development of acute inflammation of the peritoneum, peaking on the seventh day after administration of faecal suspension (terminal stage of peritonitis). The observed inverse correlations between the levels of oxidative modification of proteins and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and ceruloplasmin on the third and on the seventh days of modelling of combined pathology indicate a predictive role of the processes of free-radical oxidation of proteins in exhaustion of antioxidant-defense resources.
糖尿病并发腹膜急性炎症发病机制的现代方面涉及代谢机制的分析,特别是蛋白质的过氧化——抗氧化防御。因此,我们研究的目的是在链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病背景下,检测蛋白质自由基氧化过程和抗氧化系统在急性全身性腹膜炎发展动力学中的相互关系。本研究在56只非线性白色成熟雄性大鼠身上进行。通过单次腹膜内注射链脲佐菌素(60mg/kg)来模拟糖尿病。在链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病发展的第14天,我们将10%过滤的粪便悬浮液(0.5 mL)注射到腹腔中,从而引发急性全身性腹膜炎。采用I.F.Meshchyshen方法对血清中蛋白质进行氧化修饰,并根据超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、还原型谷胱甘肽含量和铜蓝蛋白水平监测抗氧化保护条件。在链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病背景下,对实验性急性全身性腹膜炎大鼠的蛋白质自由基氧化参数和血液抗氧化系统状况的研究表明,氧化蛋白修饰增加,而抗氧化系统活性参数受到抑制,这取决于腹膜急性炎症的阶段。在联合病理建模的第三天和第七天,我们确定了蛋白质自由基氧化产物与抗氧化系统参数之间的负相关关系。伴随链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病的急性全身性腹膜炎的表现伴随着在腹膜急性炎症发展的所有阶段蛋白质的自由基氧化产物的逐渐积累和抗氧化防御的衰竭,在施用粪便悬浮液后的第7天达到峰值(腹膜炎的晚期)。在联合病理建模的第三天和第七天,观察到的蛋白质氧化修饰水平与超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、还原型谷胱甘肽和铜蓝蛋白活性之间的负相关性表明,蛋白质的自由基氧化过程在抗氧化防御资源耗尽中具有预测作用。
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引用次数: 1
Productive parameters of rabbits fed with additives containing lactic and succinic acid, amino acid and vitamins 添加乳酸和琥珀酸、氨基酸和维生素的兔的生产参数
IF 0.3 Q4 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.15421/022333
G. M. Ohorodnichuk, O. B. Tsyganchuk, T. L. Holubenko, O. Skoromna, O. A. Pikula, A. M. Solomon
Prebiotics are an effective technological element of increasing the productivity of animal husbandry. Currently, prebiotics are being broadly used in cuniculture. Those drugs are a promising means of stimulating growth and development of animals. Prebiotics optimize the metabolic processes and increase the level of nutrient metabolism. Our studies revealed the effect of a prebiotic drug, which contains lactic and succinic acids, aminoacids, vitamins А, В1, В2, В3, Е, on the growth intensity of rabbits. The studies were performed on the young 34 to 160-days-old rabbits of the Hyplus meat hybrid. Animals of the control group were fed ad libitum with full-diet granulated mixed feeds and had free access to water. Animals of the experimental groups were fed feeds of the control-group diet, supplemented by prebiotic additive Prebiolakt-Kr in the doses of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g/kg of the live weight. Every 14 days during the feeding period, the growth intensity of the rabbits was controlled according to individual live weight and average daily increment. Addition of Prebiolakt-Kr to the rabbits’ diet increased the live weight of animals by the end of feeding. We verified and confirmed the positive effect of the prebiotic on the intensity of growth and development of the growing rabbits. According to the absolute increment, the advantage over the rabbits in the control accounted for 7.9–11.9%. Feeding the supplement increased the meat volumes of the rabbits. Also, Prebiolakt-Kr added to the diet caused higher chest girth/diagonal body length index. The animals that were receiving the prebiotic feed supplement used the diet more effectively and had better metabolism of nutrients. The studies revealed a dose-dependent effect of prebiotic on the growth intensity of the rabbits. At the same time, the best stimulating action was displayed by supplementing the diet of the young rabbits by 2.0 and 2.5 g/ind. of Prebiolakt-Kr. The conducted studies have confirmed the benefits of using prebiotic drugs in rabbit husbandry, which improve metabolism and increase body-weight gain.
益生元是提高畜牧业生产力的有效技术要素。目前,益生元正被广泛用于畜牧业。这些药物是刺激动物生长发育的一种很有前途的方法。益生元优化代谢过程,提高营养代谢水平。我们的研究揭示了一种益生元药物对兔子生长强度的影响,该药物含有乳酸和琥珀酸、氨基酸、维生素А、В1、В2、В3、Д。该研究是在Hyplus肉杂交种的34至160天大的幼兔上进行的。对照组动物随意喂食全日粮颗粒混合饲料,并可自由饮水。给实验组的动物喂食对照组饮食的饲料,补充益生元添加剂Prebiolakt Kr,剂量为1.5、2.0和2.5g/kg活重。在饲养期间,每隔14天,根据个体活重和平均日增重来控制兔子的生长强度。在兔子的饮食中添加Prebiolakt Kr可在喂食结束时增加动物的活重。我们验证并证实了益生元对生长兔生长发育强度的积极作用。按绝对增量计算,对照组的优势占7.9%~11.9%,补饲能增加家兔的肉量。此外,在饮食中添加Prebiolakt Kr会导致胸围/对角线身长指数升高。接受益生元饲料补充剂的动物更有效地使用了这种饮食,并有更好的营养代谢。研究显示益生元对兔子生长强度有剂量依赖性的影响。同时,幼兔日粮中添加2.0和2.5g/ind的刺激效果最好。Prebiolakt-Kr。所进行的研究证实了在兔子饲养中使用益生元药物的好处,它可以改善新陈代谢并增加体重。
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Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems
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