Redox Report最新文献

Objectives: The current study was designed to examine the therapeutic role of hydroalcoholic extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb (CRE) and Peucedanum grande C.B. Clarke (PGE) on letrozole (1 mg/kg) induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female Wistar albino rats.

Methods: PCOS rats were treated with CRE (280 mg/kg), PGE (140 mg/kg) or CRE + PGE p.o. for 3 weeks. Vaginal smears for phase of estrous cycle determination, serum levels of sex androgens, lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters and histopathology of ovarian tissues were investigated.

Results: Diestrous cycle days treated with CRE (group III) or PGE (group IV) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to PCOS control animals (group II). Moreover, weight of uteri in PCOS animals treated with the plant extracts also increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to that of group II animals. Histopathological examination showed the protective effect of the CRE and PGE indicated by the disappearance of ovarian cyst.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the CRE and PGE either alone or in combination hold a significant effect in letrozole induced PCOS rat models and could be useful in the management of reproductive and metabolic disorders related to PCOS.

Background: Skin, as a crucial external defense organ, is more vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS) insult, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated OS in particular. OS results from a redox imbalance caused by various extrinsic stimuli and occurs once the oxidants production overwhelming the antioxidants capacity, through mediating in DNA damage, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein oxidation and a serial of signaling pathways activation/inactivation, thereby offering favorable conditions for the occurrence and development of numerous diseases especially some dermatoses, e.g. psoriasis, vitiligo, skin photodamage, skin cancer, systemic sclerosis (SSc), chloasma, atopic dermatitis (AD), pemphigus, etc. Targeting OS molecular mechanism, a variety of anti-OS agents emerge, in which flavonoids, natural plant extracts, stand out.

Objectives: To discuss the possible mechanisms of OS mediating in dermatoses and summarize the properties of flavonoids as well as their applications in OS-related skin disorders.

Methods: Published papers on flavonoids and OS-related skin diseases were collected and reviewed via database searching on PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase, etc.

Results: It has been confirmed that flavonoids, belonging to polyphenols, are a class of plant secondary metabolites widely distributed in various plants and possess diverse bioactivities especially their potent antioxidant capacity. Moreover, flavonoids benefit to suppress OS via eliminating free radicals and mediating the corresponding signals, further excellently working in the prevention and management of OS-related skin diseases.

Conclusion: Flavonoids have the potential therapeutic effects on oxidative stress-related dermatoses. However, more studies on specific mechanism as well as the dosage of flavonoids are needed in future.

Objectives: Magnetic resonance (MR) R2 relaxometry is a safe, noninvasive diagnostic modality for the evaluation of iron levels in the contents of ovarian cysts. The study aims to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the two methods, R2 value and iron level, in diagnosing OMA patients in the validation set.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2013 to 2019. We investigated how R2 value was affected by iron-related compounds, antioxidants and bioelements in the cysts.

Results: The sensitivity and specificity of CF iron-based diagnosis of OMA was 96.6% and 95.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for R2 value in diagnosing OMA were 86.2% and 70.7%, respectively. The outcomes of the two tests were highly correlated (r = 0.758; P <0.001). The R2 value was positively correlated with CF levels of iron-related compounds and antioxidants. The R2 value was affected not only by iron ions but also by calcium ions.

Conclusion: Preoperative MR relaxometry may provide a noninvasive alternative to CF iron test in diagnosing OMA. The presence of paramagnetic cations in the cyst may be associated with reduced specificity.

Objectives: Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible protein and play an important role in adapting stress states of cells. This article reviewed the role of Sestrin2 in hypoxia and hypoxia-related diseases to provide new perspectives for future research and new therapeutic targets for hypoxia-related diseases.Methods: A review was conducted through an electronic search of PubMed and Medline databases. Keywords included Sestrin2, ROS, hypoxia, and hypoxia-related disease. Articles from 2008 to 2021 were mostly included and older ones were not excluded.Results: Sestrin2 is upregulated under various stress conditions, especially hypoxia. Under hypoxic condition, Sestrin2 plays a protective role by reducing the generation of ROS through various pathways, such as adenosine monophosphatea-ctivated protein kinase (AMPK) / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and nuclear factor-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, Sestrin2 is involved in various hypoxia-related diseases, such as cerebral hypoxic disease, myocardial hypoxic disease, hypoxia-related respiratory disease, and diabetes.Discussion: Sestrin2 is involved in various hypoxia-related diseases and maybe a therapeutic target. Furthermore, most studies focus on cerebral and myocardial ischemia reperfusion. More researches on hypoxia-related respiratory diseases, kidney injury, and diabetes are needed in future.

Background: Vascular fibrosis is a universal phenomenon associated with aging, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the genesis of vascular damage in line with the aging process. However, whether antioxidants can ameliorate vascular fibrosis remains unclear.Objectives: The present study was to determine antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could ameliorates aortic fibrosis in aging wild-type C57BL/6 mice.Methods: The aortas were harvested from both 12-week and 60-week wild-type mice. The 60-week mice were treated with and without the NAC for 12 weeks starting at the age of 48 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining of aortic samples were performed, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), RNA expression of GAPDH, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-4, SIRT-1, SIRT-3, FOXO-1, and macrophage polarization were determined.Results: There is a positive relationship between collagen deposition and the M1/M2 macrophage ratio in the aortic wall of aged wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The higher collagen area percentage in the aortas of 60-week-old mice than in 12-week-old mice was reversed by NAC. NAC could not impact the total number of macrophages, but partly promoted M2 macrophage polarization. By performing qRT-PCR using aortic samples from these mice, we identified that SIRT-1, SIRT-3, FOXO-1 could be somehow responsible for aging-related fibrosis.Conclusions: NAC ameliorates aortic fibrosis in aging wild type mice partly by promoting M2 macrophage polarization.

Background: The primary objective of this review was to explore the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of genetically-triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Genetically-triggered TAAs manifest substantial variability in onset, progression, and risk of aortic dissection, posing a significant clinical management challenge. There is a need for non-invasive biomarkers that predict the natural course of TAA and therapeutics that prevent aneurysm progression.Methods: An online systematic search was conducted within PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases using keywords including: oxidative stress, ROS, nitrosative stress, genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortic dilatation, aortic dissection, Marfan syndrome, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, familial TAAD, Loeys Dietz syndrome, and Ehlers Danlos syndrome.Results: There is extensive evidence of oxidative stress and ROS imbalance in genetically triggered TAA. Sources of ROS imbalance are variable but include dysregulation of redox mediators leading to either insufficient ROS removal or increased ROS production. Therapeutic exploitation of redox mediators is being explored in other cardiovascular conditions, with potential application to TAA warranting further investigation.Conclusion: Oxidative stress occurs in genetically triggered TAA, but the precise contribution of ROS to pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Further research is required to define causative pathological relationships in order to develop therapeutic options.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two different types of single cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise modes on the inflammation status, oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva.

Methods: The study involved two groups of CR patients: group A (n = 21) used a cycloergometer, and group B (n = 21) received breathing and balance exercises. C-reactive protein as an inflammatory biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA) as a measure of the level of oxidative stress and salivary 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) as an index of TAC were performed twice: before the beginning of the CR exercise (pre-CR) and immediately after (post-CR).

Results: No significant changes were observed for the inflammatory response of saliva after CR exercise regardless of its type. MDA decreased (pre-CR: 39.7 ± 101.9 vs. post-CR: 16.8 ± 44.3 ng·mL^-1; p < 0.01) and DPPH increased (pre-CR: 25.9 ± 16.7 vs. post-CR: 32.6 ± 14.0% reduction; p < 0.05) after CR exercise in the group B, with similar but not statistically significant changes in the group A.

Discussion: Two popular exercise modes, especially breathing and balance exercises, reduce salivary oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant potential of saliva in CR patients. The approval of saliva as a non-invasive source of information about inflammation status, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in cardiac patients requires further studies.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease without a specific cause. Inflammation in these patients can disturb the oxidants/antioxidants balance and results in oxidative stress that plays a destructive role. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of sod1, sod2, cat, nrf2 and gp91phox in CD patients before and after Azathioprine (Aza) consumption.

Method: Peripheral bloodmononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from CD patients (n= 15, mean age = 33.6 ± 1.8) before and after treatment with Aza and healthy controls (n= 15, mean age = 31.5 ± 1.2). The expression levels of sod1, sod2, cat, nrf2 and gp91phox were measured in byusing real-time qRT-PCR technique.

Result: The expression levels of gp91phox (P-value < 0.001), cat (P-value < 0.05), sod1 (P-value < 0.001), nrf2 (P-value < 0.001) were significantly increased compared to control group. Following treatment with Aza, the decreased expression levels of gp91phox (P-value < 0.05), cat (P-value < 0.05), sod1(P-value < 0.001) and nrf2 (P-value < 0.001) were observed in CD patients.

Conclusion: Overall, our results showed that prescription of Azathioprine can lead to the altered expression of redox system-related genes in patients with CD.

Objectives: Synthetic biology has emerged from molecular biology and engineering approaches and aims to develop novel, biologically-inspired systems for industrial and basic research applications ranging from biocomputing to drug production. Surprisingly, redoxin (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, peroxiredoxin) and other thiol-based redox systems have not been widely utilized in many of these synthetic biology applications.

Methods: We reviewed thiol-based redox systems and the development of synthetic biology applications that have used thiol-dependent parts.

Results: The development of circuits to facilitate cytoplasmic disulfide bonding, biocomputing and the treatment of intestinal bowel disease are amongst the applications that have used thiol-based parts. We propose that genetically encoded redox sensors, thiol-based biomaterials and intracellular hydrogen peroxide generators may also be valuable components for synthetic biology applications.

Discussion: Thiol-based systems play multiple roles in cellular redox metabolism, antioxidant defense and signaling and could therefore offer a vast and diverse portfolio of components, parts and devices for synthetic biology applications. However, factors limiting the adoption of redoxin systems for synthetic biology applications include the orthogonality of thiol-based components, limitations in the methods to characterize thiol-based systems and an incomplete understanding of the design principles of these systems.

Background: COVID-19 is characterized by the presence of oxidative stress. Vitamin D status has been reviewed as one of the factors that may affect disease severity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels, oxidative stress markers and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Vitamin D levels were measured in 33 patients with COVID-19. The total antioxidant power and plasma peroxides were determined in serum.

Results: Severe COVID-19 patients have lower vitamin D levels (18.39 ± 2.29 ng/mL vs. 28.47 ± 3.05 ng/mL, p < .05) and higher oxidative stress compared to the moderate group. When divided according to serum vitamin D levels, significantly higher values of LDH (604.8 ± 76.98 IU/mL vs. 261.57 ± 47.33 IU/mL) and D-dimer (5978 ± 2028ng/mL vs. 977.7 ± 172 ng/mL) were obtained in the group with vitamin D below 30 ng/mL, followed with significantly higher levels of plasma peroxides (d-ROMs: 414.9 ± 15.82 U.Carr vs. 352.4 ± 18.77 U.Carr; p < .05) and oxidative stress index (OSI: 92.25 ± 6.60 vs. 51.89 ± 6.45; p < .001).

Conclusion: The presented data provide a justification to consider vitamin D as an important factor that could ameliorate disease severity through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.