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Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of phthalate esters (PAEs) in aqueous matrices: a review. 高级氧化法去除水性基质中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的研究进展。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0001
Meghdad Pirsaheb, Monireh Nouri, Hooshyar Hossini

Over the past few decades, phthalate esters (PAEs) used as additives to improve the persistence and flexibility of polymeric materials. They are also used in cosmetics, insect repellents, and propellants, and their continuous input into drinking waters has constituted a serious risk to human health and the environment. DBPs are compounds classified as hazardous substances and have teratogenic properties. Due to the high bioaccumulation of DBP, they have toxic properties in different organisms, making it very important to remove PAEs before discharging them into environments. In this study a systematic review was designed to evaluate Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) studies which have successfully treated contaminated water with PAEs. Among AOPs, particularly photocatalytic, UV/H2O2 photolysis, sonolysis, and ozone-based processes were more tried to degrade PAEs in aqueous solutions. Additionally, a more detail of each AOPs was explained. Findings showed that all advanced oxidation processes, especially combined AOPs have good results in the degradation of PAEs in water.

在过去的几十年里,邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)作为添加剂被用于提高聚合物材料的持久性和柔韧性。它们还被用于化妆品、驱虫剂和推进剂中,它们不断进入饮用水中,对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁。dbp是被归类为有害物质的化合物,具有致畸特性。由于DBP的高生物蓄积性,它们在不同的生物体中具有毒性,因此在将PAEs排放到环境中之前将其去除非常重要。在本研究中,系统评价了先进氧化工艺(AOPs)的研究,这些研究已成功地处理了PAEs污染的水。在AOPs中,特别是光催化、UV/H2O2光解、声解和臭氧基工艺更倾向于降解水溶液中的PAEs。此外,还解释了每个aop的更多细节。研究结果表明,所有高级氧化工艺,特别是组合AOPs对水中PAEs的降解效果都很好。
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引用次数: 4
A systematic review of the anxiety-alleviation benefits of exposure to the natural environment. 对暴露在自然环境中减轻焦虑的益处的系统回顾。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0157
Xiaofeng Zhang, Yiping Zhang, Jiayue Yun, Wenfei Yao

Research suggests that exposure to natural environments can be beneficial for health, such as reducing physical illness and improving mood and cognitive ability. The potential benefits of nature have come into focus at a time when mental health issues are growing globally. Here, we have selected 24 studies from four databases for meta-analysis to explore the effects of exposure to the natural environment on the anxiety of the human body and summarize the influencing factors on the anxiety relief effect. A random-effect meta-analysis of anxiety state changes before and after exposure to natural environment shows that natural exposure effectively alleviated human anxiety (SMD -1.28, 95% CI: -1.65 to -0.92). The overall quality of the included papers, assessed using the PEDro scale, is considered to vary considerably, but most of the papers are rated between 4 and 7 which is considered fair or good. In addition, we have also investigated the potential moderators of anxiety-relieving effects of the nature. Our results shows that the age and exposure time of the subjects are related to the effect of anxiety relief. The results of the subgroup analysis of moderators prove that compared with the middle-aged people (SMD -0.63, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.12), young people (SMD -1.50, 95% CI: -1.90 to -1.10) get better anxiety alleviation effect in the natural environment. In terms of exposure time, compared with 0.5-2 h (SMD -0.18, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.23) and >2 h (SMD -0.84, 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.27) exposure periods, subjects get the maximum anxiety relief benefit when they spent <0.5 h (SMD -1.60, 95% CI: -1.93 to -1.27) in the natural environment. However, the quality of the included studies varies greatly and there is a significant heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Study location, natural environment type and other moderator factors have no obvious correlation with anxiety-alleviation effect of the nature. A higher quality and more comprehensive study needs to be carried out to find out more moderators about the effects of the natural environment on anxiety alleviation. Further experimental studies should also be conducted to determine the mechanism by which natural exposure reduces anxiety so as to provide strong support for the construction and improvement of healthy natural environment.

研究表明,接触自然环境对健康有益,比如减少身体疾病、改善情绪和认知能力。在全球心理健康问题日益严重的时候,大自然的潜在益处已经成为人们关注的焦点。在此,我们从4个数据库中选取24项研究进行meta分析,探讨自然环境暴露对人体焦虑的影响,总结影响焦虑缓解效果的因素。暴露于自然环境前后焦虑状态变化的随机效应荟萃分析显示,自然暴露有效缓解了人类的焦虑(SMD为-1.28,95% CI为-1.65 ~ -0.92)。使用佩德罗量表评估的纳入论文的整体质量被认为差异很大,但大多数论文的评分在4到7之间,被认为是公平或良好。此外,我们还研究了自然缓解焦虑作用的潜在调节因子。结果表明,被试的年龄和暴露时间与焦虑缓解效果有关。调节因子亚组分析结果证明,与中年人(SMD -0.63, 95% CI: -1.13 ~ -0.12)相比,年轻人(SMD -1.50, 95% CI: -1.90 ~ -1.10)在自然环境中获得更好的焦虑缓解效果。在暴露时间方面,与0.5-2小时(SMD -0.18, 95% CI: -0.59至-0.23)和>2小时(SMD -0.84, 95% CI: -1.40至-0.27)暴露时间相比,受试者在花时间时获得最大的焦虑缓解效果
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引用次数: 4
Comments on the Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS) by Dariusz Leszczynski. 对Dariusz Leszczynski关于个体电磁场敏感性(EHS)科学证据综述的评论。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0002
Maël Dieudonné
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引用次数: 1
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema, High Altitude Cerebral Edema, and Acute Mountain Sickness: an enhanced opinion from the High Andes - La Paz, Bolivia 3,500 m. 高原肺水肿,高原脑水肿和急性高山病:来自安第斯山脉-玻利维亚拉巴斯3500米的强化意见。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0172
Gustavo R Zubieta-Calleja, Natalia Zubieta-DeUrioste

Traveling to high altitudes for entertainment or work is sometimes associated with acute high altitude pathologies. In the past, scientific literature from the lowlander point of view was primarily based on mountain climbing. Sea level scientists developed all guidelines, but they need modifications for medical care in high altitude cities. Acute Mountain Sickness, High Altitude Pulmonary Edema, and High Altitude Cerebral Edema are medical conditions that some travelers can face. We present how to diagnose and treat acute high altitude pathologies, based on 51 years of high altitude physiology research and medical practice in hypobaric hypoxic diseases in La Paz, Bolivia (3,600 m; 11,811 ft), at the High Altitude Pulmonary and Pathology Institute (HAPPI - IPPA). These can occasionally present after flights to high altitude cities, both in lowlanders or high-altitude residents during re-entry. Acute high altitude ascent diseases can be adequately diagnosed and treated in high altitude cities following the presented guidelines. Treating these high-altitude illnesses, we had no loss of life. Traveling to a high altitude with sound medical advice should not be feared as it has many benefits. Nowadays, altitude descent and evacuation are not mandatory in populated highland cities, with adequate medical resources.

到高海拔地区旅游娱乐或工作有时与急性高原病有关。在过去,从低地人的角度来看,科学文献主要是基于登山。海平面科学家制定了所有的指导方针,但它们需要修改,以适应高海拔城市的医疗保健。急性高原病、高原肺水肿和高原脑水肿是一些旅行者可能面临的医疗状况。我们介绍了如何诊断和治疗急性高原病理,基于51年的高原生理学研究和医疗实践在拉巴斯,玻利维亚(3600米;11811英尺),在高海拔肺和病理研究所(HAPPI - IPPA)。在飞往高海拔城市后,这些症状偶尔会出现在低地居民或高海拔居民身上。根据所提出的指南,可以在高海拔城市充分诊断和治疗急性高原上升疾病。治疗这些高原疾病,我们没有人员伤亡。在良好的医疗建议下到高海拔地区旅行不应该害怕,因为它有很多好处。如今,在人口稠密的高原城市,医疗资源充足,海拔下降和疏散不是强制性的。
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引用次数: 5
A systematic review on photo-Fenton process as an efficient advanced oxidation for degradation of amoxicillin in aqueous environments. 系统综述了光- fenton法在水环境中高效降解阿莫西林的研究进展。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0155
Meghdad Pirsaheb, Hiwa Hossaini, Nazanin Kiani Raad, Sara Kianpour, Hooshyar Hossini

Amoxicillin (AMX) is one of the antibiotics in the penicillin category that is used in various fields. Considering the harmful effects of its remains, it is necessary to survey the ways to remove this compound. Advanced oxidation process (AOPs), specially photo-Fenton has been used for the removal of AMX. This study has been conducted based on PubMed, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Web of Science, and Scopus databases during the years 2008-2019. Some factors such as the aquatic solution, light source characteristics, iron, and H2O2 concentration, AMX degradation percentage, removal of total organic carbon percentage, and AMX concentration have been surveyed to optimize the process. Studies showed that the photo-Fenton process is highly dependent on pH, and in most studies, the highest efficiency has been observed in acidic pH values. Using a more energy light source can be effective in reducing the use of catalysts and oxidizers. The combined methods of AOPs such as photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, and photo-electro-Fenton have higher efficiency in increasing mineralization than the photon process. The use of synthetic wastewater has a higher efficiency in the degradation of AMX than in real wastewater in the photo-Fenton process, which can be due to the absence of the interfering agents in synthetic environments.

阿莫西林(AMX)是青霉素类抗生素中的一种,广泛应用于各个领域。考虑到其残留的有害影响,有必要研究去除该化合物的方法。高级氧化法(AOPs),特别是光fenton法已被用于AMX的去除。本研究基于2008-2019年间的PubMed、Google Scholar、DOAJ、Web of Science和Scopus数据库进行。考察了水溶液、光源特性、铁、H2O2浓度、AMX降解率、总有机碳去除率、AMX浓度等因素,对工艺进行了优化。研究表明,光- fenton工艺高度依赖于pH值,在大多数研究中,在酸性pH值下观察到最高的效率。使用能量更高的光源可以有效地减少催化剂和氧化剂的使用。光- fenton、电- fenton、光电- fenton等AOPs组合方法在增加矿化方面比光子方法效率更高。在光- fenton工艺中,使用合成废水对AMX的降解效率高于使用真实废水,这可能是由于合成环境中没有干扰剂。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of medical waste management methods in different countries: a systematic review. 不同国家医疗废物管理方法的比较:系统综述。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0170
Abdolmajid Fadaei

Medical waste status is a severe public health problem worldwide. Proper medical waste management is of paramount importance. However, there is insufficient information about medical waste management and lack of management in different countries. The aim of this research was to investigate and evaluate the present status of medical waste management in different countries. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed Central, Google Scholar databases, as well as medRxiv using the following keywords: medical waste, waste management, disposal, healthcare per-capita generation, gross domestic product (GDP), and hospital. A total of 38 eligible articles were identified. Correlations were calculated between the amount of medical waste generated (kg bed.day-1) vs. GDP per capita ($) and ranking of healthcare system performance. A negative correlation was found between medical waste generation rate and ranking of healthcare system performance. According to the findings of this study, the medical waste generation rate in different countries ranged from 0.14 to 6.10 kg bed.day-1. About 25% of countries segregated medical waste, and about 17% used standard storage for all medical waste. Shortcomings were also found in waste collection, storage, transportation and transfer, and disposal of medical waste management activities in different countries. Only about 25% of countries simultaneously used three techniques, such as autoclaving, incineration, and landfill for disposal and treatment of medical waste, and 91% used incineration method. This study highlights an essential need for particular medical waste management guidelines and regulations, technologies, knowledge and financing to upgrade medical waste management worldwide. This study can be considered to be a good guide for further research on medical waste management in developing and developed countries.

医疗废物状况是世界范围内一个严重的公共卫生问题。适当的医疗废物管理至关重要。然而,关于医疗废物管理的信息不足,而且不同国家缺乏管理。本研究的目的是调查和评估不同国家医疗废物管理的现状。我们系统地检索了Embase、PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、PubMed Central、Google Scholar数据库以及medRxiv数据库,使用以下关键词:医疗废物、废物管理、处置、人均医疗产出、国内生产总值(GDP)和医院。总共确定了38个符合条件的条目。计算了医疗废物产生量(kg beds .day-1)与人均GDP($)和医疗保健系统绩效排名之间的相关性。医疗废弃物产生率与医疗系统绩效排名呈负相关。根据本研究结果,不同国家的医疗废物产生率在0.14 - 6.10 kg / d -1之间。约25%的国家对医疗废物进行分类,约17%的国家对所有医疗废物采用标准储存。不同国家在废物收集、储存、运输和转移以及处置医疗废物管理活动方面也存在不足。只有约25%的国家同时使用高压灭菌、焚烧和填埋等三种技术处置和处理医疗废物,91%的国家使用焚烧法。这项研究强调,迫切需要制定特定的医疗废物管理准则和法规、技术、知识和资金,以提升全球医疗废物管理水平。本研究可为发展中国家和发达国家医疗废物管理的进一步研究提供良好的指导。
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引用次数: 5
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity close to mobile phone base stations - a case study in Stockholm, Sweden. 靠近移动电话基站的电磁超敏反应——瑞典斯德哥尔摩的一个案例研究。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0169
Lennart Hardell, Tarmo Koppel

A previously healthy worker developed symptoms assigned to electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) after moving to an office with exposure to high levels of anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These symptoms consisted of e.g. headache, arthralgia, tinnitus, dizziness, memory loss, fatique, insomnia, transitory cardiovascular abnormalities, and skin lesions. Most of the symptoms were alleviated after 2 weeks sick leave. The highest radiofrequency (RF) field level at the working place was 1.72 V/m (7,852 μW/m2). Maximum value for extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) from electric power at 50 Hz was measured to 285 nT (mean 241 nT). For electric train ELF-EMF at 16.7 Hz was measured to 383 nT (mean 76 nT). Exposure to EMFs at the working place could be the cause for developing EHS related symptoms. The association was strengthened by the symptom reduction outside the working place.

一名以前健康的工作人员在搬到暴露于高水平人为电磁场的办公室后出现了电磁超敏症症状。这些症状包括头痛、关节痛、耳鸣、头晕、记忆力减退、疲劳、失眠、短暂性心血管异常和皮肤损伤。病休2周后大部分症状缓解。工作场所最高射频场电平为1.72 V/m (7852 μW/m2)。测得50 Hz电功率产生的极低频电磁场(ELF-EMF)最大值为285 nT(平均241 nT)。对于电动列车,16.7 Hz的极低频电动势测量为383 nT(平均76 nT)。在工作场所暴露于电磁场可能是产生EHS相关症状的原因。在工作场所之外症状的减轻加强了这种联系。
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引用次数: 4
Elevated blood lead levels of refugee children in the United States: a systematic review of recent literature (2011-2021). 美国难民儿童血铅水平升高:近期文献的系统回顾(2011-2021)。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0015
Joanna S Balza, Jean C Bikomeye, Kirsten M M Beyer, Caitlin Rublee, Kathryn E Flynn

Lead is an environmental hazard; even small elevations in blood lead level can cause serious negative health effects in children, including irreversible impacts such as learning difficulties, attention disorders, and behavioral issues. Previous research has shown that some groups are at higher risk for lead poisoning including racial/ethnic minorities, those with low economic status, and immigrants, especially refugees. This systematic review explores recent literature studying disparities in lead poisoning in refugee children. Search terms were chosen with the assistance of a medical librarian, and two independent reviewers assessed articles using a PICOS criteria (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRIMSA-P) guidelines, a set of evidence-based minimum standards for reporting in systematic reviews. 321 article titles were reviewed, 61 abstracts screened, and 17 methods sections reviewed, ultimately including 13 studies. The studies found a high prevalence of elevated blood lead level among refugee populations when compared to reference populations. Both pre-migration and post-migration factors were identified as contributors to the disparity, and associations were identified between elevated blood lead levels and factors such as country of origin, age, and other health variables. Health providers and resettlement workers should be aware of these disparities and related factors. Testing, care, education and consistent follow-up should be provided.

铅是一种环境危害;即使血铅水平小幅升高,也会对儿童的健康造成严重的负面影响,包括学习困难、注意力障碍和行为问题等不可逆转的影响。以前的研究表明,一些群体铅中毒的风险更高,包括种族/少数民族、经济地位低的人以及移民,特别是难民。本系统综述探讨了最近研究难民儿童铅中毒差异的文献。在医学图书管理员的协助下选择检索词,两位独立审稿人根据系统评价和meta分析方案(PRIMSA-P)指南的首选报告项目,使用PICOS标准(人群、干预、比较、结果、研究设计)对文章进行评估,PRIMSA-P是一套系统评价中报告的循证最低标准。我们回顾了321篇文章标题,筛选了61篇摘要,回顾了17个方法部分,最终包括13项研究。研究发现,与参考人群相比,难民人群中血铅水平升高的发生率很高。移徙前和移徙后的因素都被确定为造成这种差异的因素,并确定了血铅水平升高与原籍国、年龄和其他健康变量等因素之间的关联。保健提供者和重新安置工作人员应了解这些差异和相关因素。应提供检测、护理、教育和持续的随访。
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引用次数: 0
Frontmatter 头版头条
4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-frontmatter2
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and causes of unreported needle stick injuries among health care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 卫生保健工作者中未报告的针刺伤的患病率和原因:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0148
Razieh Behzadmehr, Abbas Balouchi, Mehran Hesaraki, Farshid Alazmani Noodeh, Hosein Rafiemanesh, Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Fateme Behmaneshpour, Maliheh Rahdar, Majid Dastres, Shahaboddin Atharyan, Maryam Jahantigh, Frood Malekshahi

Objectives: Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to needle needles daily. Despite individual studies, there is no statistics on the prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries (NSIs) have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and causes of unreported NSIs among HCWs.

Content: In present systematic review and meta-analysis study, three international databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) were searched from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. The random model was used to determine the prevalence of unreported needle stick among HCWs.

Summary and outlook: Forty-one studies performed on 19,635 health care workers entered the final stage. Based-on random effect model, pooled prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries was 59.9% (95% CI: 52.0, 67.7; I2=98.9%). The most common cause of unreported NSIs was: They were not worried about NSIs (n=12). The high prevalence of unreported needle sticks injuries indicates the urgency and necessity of paying attention to strategies to improve reporting among health workers.

目的:卫生保健工作者(HCWs)每天都暴露于针头。尽管有单独的研究,但没有关于未报告的针头刺伤(nsi)发生率的统计数据。本研究旨在确定卫生保健工作者中未报告的nsi的患病率和原因。内容:本系统综述和荟萃分析研究检索了Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed三个国际数据库,检索时间为2000年1月1日至2018年12月31日。采用随机模型确定卫生保健工作者中未报告的扎针率。总结与展望:对19635名卫生保健工作者进行的41项研究进入最后阶段。基于随机效应模型,未报告的针刺伤总发生率为59.9% (95% CI: 52.0, 67.7;I2 = 98.9%)。未报告的nsi最常见的原因是:他们不担心nsi (n=12)。未报告的针扎伤发生率很高,这表明迫切需要关注改善卫生工作者报告情况的战略。
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引用次数: 2
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