首页 > 最新文献

Reviews on Environmental Health最新文献

英文 中文
The human health effects of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) chemical exposures: a scoping review of the toxicological literature. 非常规石油和天然气 (UOG) 化学品暴露对人类健康的影响:毒理学文献范围综述。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0076
Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Hélène Akpo, Mary M Doyle-Waters, Lisa A Ronald, Michael Friesen, Tim Takaro, Karen Leven, Ulrike Meyer, Margaret J McGregor

Many chemicals associated with unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) are known toxicants, leading to health concerns about the effects of UOG. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review of the toxicological literature to assess the effects of UOG chemical exposures in models relevant to human health. We searched databases for primary research studies published in English or French between January 2000 and June 2023 on UOG-related toxicology studies. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts to determine inclusion. Seventeen studies met our study inclusion criteria. Nine studies used solely in vitro models, while six conducted their investigation solely in animal models. Two studies incorporated both types of models. Most studies used real water samples impacted by UOG or lab-made mixtures of UOG chemicals to expose their models. Most in vitro models used human cells in monocultures, while all animal studies were conducted in rodents. All studies detected significant deleterious effects associated with exposure to UOG chemicals or samples, including endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, behavioral changes and metabolic alterations. Given the plausibility of causal relationships between UOG chemicals and adverse health outcomes highlighted in this review, future risk assessment studies should focus on measuring exposure to UOG chemicals in human populations.

与非常规石油和天然气 (UOG) 相关的许多化学品都是已知的有毒物质,这导致了人们对 UOG 的健康影响的担忧。我们的目标是对毒理学文献进行一次范围界定,以评估在与人类健康相关的模型中接触 UOG 化学物质的影响。我们在数据库中搜索了 2000 年 1 月至 2023 年 6 月间以英文或法文发表的关于 UOG 相关毒理学研究的主要研究报告。两名审稿人独立筛选摘要和全文,以确定是否纳入研究。17项研究符合我们的研究纳入标准。九项研究仅使用了体外模型,六项研究仅使用了动物模型。有两项研究同时使用了这两种模型。大多数研究使用受 UOG 影响的真实水样或实验室制造的 UOG 化学品混合物来暴露其模型。大多数体外模型使用的是单培养的人体细胞,而所有动物研究都是在啮齿动物身上进行的。所有研究都检测到与接触 UOG 化学品或样本有关的重大有害影响,包括内分泌干扰、致癌性、行为变化和新陈代谢改变。鉴于本综述中强调的 UOG 化学品与不良健康结果之间的因果关系的合理性,未来的风险评估研究应侧重于测量人类暴露于 UOG 化学品的情况。
{"title":"The human health effects of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) chemical exposures: a scoping review of the toxicological literature.","authors":"Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Hélène Akpo, Mary M Doyle-Waters, Lisa A Ronald, Michael Friesen, Tim Takaro, Karen Leven, Ulrike Meyer, Margaret J McGregor","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many chemicals associated with unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) are known toxicants, leading to health concerns about the effects of UOG. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review of the toxicological literature to assess the effects of UOG chemical exposures in models relevant to human health. We searched databases for primary research studies published in English or French between January 2000 and June 2023 on UOG-related toxicology studies. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts to determine inclusion. Seventeen studies met our study inclusion criteria. Nine studies used solely <i>in vitro</i> models, while six conducted their investigation solely in animal models. Two studies incorporated both types of models. Most studies used real water samples impacted by UOG or lab-made mixtures of UOG chemicals to expose their models. Most <i>in vitro</i> models used human cells in monocultures, while all animal studies were conducted in rodents. All studies detected significant deleterious effects associated with exposure to UOG chemicals or samples, including endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, behavioral changes and metabolic alterations. Given the plausibility of causal relationships between UOG chemicals and adverse health outcomes highlighted in this review, future risk assessment studies should focus on measuring exposure to UOG chemicals in human populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
WHO to build neglect of RF-EMF exposure hazards on flawed EHC reviews? Case study demonstrates how "no hazards" conclusion is drawn from data showing hazards. 世卫组织将对射频-电磁场暴露危害的忽视建立在有缺陷的环境健康标准审查之上?案例研究展示了如何从显示危害的数据中得出 "无危害 "的结论。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0089
Else K Nordhagen, Einar Flydal

We examined one of the first published of the several systematic reviews being part of WHO's renewed initiative to assess the evidence of associations between man-made radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) and adverse health effects in humans. The examined review addresses experimental studies of pregnancy and birth outcomes in non-human mammals. The review claims that the analyzed data did not provide conclusions certain enough to inform decisions at a regulatory level. Our objective was to assess the quality of this systematic review and evaluate the relevance of its conclusions to pregnant women and their offspring. The quality and relevance were checked on the review's own premises: e.g., we did not question the selection of papers, nor the chosen statistical methods. While the WHO systematic review presents itself as thorough, scientific, and relevant to human health, we identified numerous issues rendering the WHO review irrelevant and severely flawed. All flaws found skew the results in support of the review's conclusion that there is no conclusive evidence for nonthermal effects. We show that the underlying data, when relevant studies are cited correctly, support the opposite conclusion: There are clear indications of detrimental nonthermal effects from RF-EMF exposure. The many identified flaws uncover a pattern of systematic skewedness aiming for uncertainty hidden behind complex scientific rigor. The skewed methodology and low quality of this review is highly concerning, as it threatens to undermine the trustworthiness and professionalism of the WHO in the area of human health hazards from man-made RF-EMF.

世卫组织重新启动了一项评估人造射频电磁辐射(RF-EMF)与人类健康不良影响之间关系证据的计划,我们对该计划中首次发表的几篇系统综述之一进行了研究。审查涉及对非人类哺乳动物的妊娠和分娩结果的实验研究。综述称,分析数据并未提供足够确定的结论,无法为监管层面的决策提供依据。我们的目标是评估这篇系统综述的质量,并评价其结论与孕妇及其后代的相关性。质量和相关性是在综述本身的前提下进行检查的:例如,我们没有质疑论文的选择,也没有质疑所选择的统计方法。尽管世卫组织的系统综述以全面、科学和与人类健康相关的面目示人,但我们发现了许多问题,使世卫组织的综述失去了相关性并存在严重缺陷。我们发现的所有缺陷都使结果偏离了审查结论,即没有确凿证据证明存在非热效应。我们表明,如果正确引用相关研究,基本数据支持的结论恰恰相反:有明显迹象表明,暴露于射频-电磁场会产生有害的非热效应。许多已发现的缺陷揭示了一种系统性倾斜模式,其目的是在复杂的科学严谨性背后隐藏着不确定性。这篇综述的歪曲方法和低质量非常令人担忧,因为它有可能损害世卫组织在人为射频-电磁场危害人类健康领域的可信度和专业性。
{"title":"WHO to build neglect of RF-EMF exposure hazards on flawed EHC reviews? Case study demonstrates how \"no hazards\" conclusion is drawn from data showing hazards.","authors":"Else K Nordhagen, Einar Flydal","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined one of the first published of the several systematic reviews being part of WHO's renewed initiative to assess the evidence of associations between man-made radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) and adverse health effects in humans. The examined review addresses experimental studies of pregnancy and birth outcomes in non-human mammals. The review claims that the analyzed data did not provide conclusions certain enough to inform decisions at a regulatory level. Our objective was to assess the quality of this systematic review and evaluate the relevance of its conclusions to pregnant women and their offspring. The quality and relevance were checked on the review's own premises: e.g., we did not question the selection of papers, nor the chosen statistical methods. While the WHO systematic review presents itself as thorough, scientific, and relevant to human health, we identified numerous issues rendering the WHO review irrelevant and severely flawed. All flaws found skew the results in support of the review's conclusion that there is no conclusive evidence for nonthermal effects. We show that the underlying data, when relevant studies are cited correctly, support the opposite conclusion: There are clear indications of detrimental nonthermal effects from RF-EMF exposure. The many identified flaws uncover a pattern of systematic skewedness aiming for uncertainty hidden behind complex scientific rigor. The skewed methodology and low quality of this review is highly concerning, as it threatens to undermine the trustworthiness and professionalism of the WHO in the area of human health hazards from man-made RF-EMF.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solid fuel use and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 固体燃料的使用与出生体重不足:系统回顾与荟萃分析。
IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0055
Jie He, Kangkang Zhong, Rui Yang, Chuanting Wen, Shubo Liu, Yiping Yang, Qi Zhong

Solid fuel use is increasingly linked to low birth weight (LBW), but conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to summarize the association between solid fuel use and LBW. Twenty-one studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified through PubMed, Qvid Medline, and Web of Science databases. The final search occurred on March 20, 2024. Summary relative effect and 95 % confidence intervals were estimated with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity and to test the stability of the results. Nineteen studies evaluated the association between solid fuel use in pregnant woman and LBW (1.188 for solid fuels: 1.055 to 1.322). No significant heterogeneity was identified among the included studies (p=0.010, Tau2=0.02, I2=48.1 %). Subgroup analysis found positive correlations for Asia, data years prior to 2014, and rural studies (1.245 for Asia: 1.077 to 1.412; Tau2=0.03, I2=56.0 %; 1.243 for data years prior to 2014: 1.062 to 1.424; Tau2=0.04, I2=60.98 %; 1.514 for rural: 1.258 to 1.771; Tau2=0.00, I2=0.0 %). Our meta-analysis showed that solid fuel use in pregnant women had an impact on LBW. Measures and policies are also needed to promote energy conversion and to limit and reduce the use of solid fuels.

固体燃料的使用与低出生体重(LBW)之间的关系日益密切,但结论并不一致。我们旨在总结固体燃料的使用与低出生体重之间的关系。我们通过 PubMed、Qvid Medline 和 Web of Science 数据库确定了 21 项符合纳入标准的研究。最后的搜索于 2024 年 3 月 20 日完成。采用随机效应模型估算了汇总的相对效应和 95% 的置信区间。进行了亚组分析和敏感性分析,以调查可能的异质性来源并检验结果的稳定性。19 项研究评估了孕妇使用固体燃料与婴儿夭折之间的关系(固体燃料为 1.188:1.055 至 1.322)。在纳入的研究中未发现明显的异质性(P=0.010,Tau2=0.02,I2=48.1%)。分组分析发现,亚洲、2014 年之前的数据年份和农村研究之间存在正相关(亚洲为 1.245:1.077 至 1.412;Tau2=0.03,I2=56.0%;2014 年之前的数据年份为 1.243:农村地区为 1.514:1.258 至 1.771;Tau2=0.00,I2=0.0%)。我们的荟萃分析表明,孕妇使用固体燃料对婴儿夭折有影响。还需要采取措施和政策来促进能源转换,限制和减少固体燃料的使用。
{"title":"Solid fuel use and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jie He, Kangkang Zhong, Rui Yang, Chuanting Wen, Shubo Liu, Yiping Yang, Qi Zhong","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid fuel use is increasingly linked to low birth weight (LBW), but conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to summarize the association between solid fuel use and LBW. Twenty-one studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified through PubMed, Qvid Medline, and Web of Science databases. The final search occurred on March 20, 2024. Summary relative effect and 95 % confidence intervals were estimated with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity and to test the stability of the results. Nineteen studies evaluated the association between solid fuel use in pregnant woman and LBW (1.188 for solid fuels: 1.055 to 1.322). No significant heterogeneity was identified among the included studies (p=0.010, Tau<sup>2</sup>=0.02, I<sup>2</sup>=48.1 %). Subgroup analysis found positive correlations for Asia, data years prior to 2014, and rural studies (1.245 for Asia: 1.077 to 1.412; Tau<sup>2</sup>=0.03, I<sup>2</sup>=56.0 %; 1.243 for data years prior to 2014: 1.062 to 1.424; Tau<sup>2</sup>=0.04, I<sup>2</sup>=60.98 %; 1.514 for rural: 1.258 to 1.771; Tau<sup>2</sup>=0.00, I<sup>2</sup>=0.0 %). Our meta-analysis showed that solid fuel use in pregnant women had an impact on LBW. Measures and policies are also needed to promote energy conversion and to limit and reduce the use of solid fuels.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Summary of seven Swedish case reports on the microwave syndrome associated with 5G radiofrequency radiation. 瑞典关于 5G 射频辐射相关微波综合征的七份病例报告摘要。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0017
Lennart Hardell, Mona Nilsson

The fifth generation, 5G, for wireless communication is currently deployed in Sweden since 2019/2020, as well as in many other countries. We have previously published seven case reports that include a total of 16 persons aged between 4 and 83 years that developed the microwave syndrome within short time after being exposed to 5G base stations close to their dwellings. In all cases high radiofrequency (RF) radiation from 4G/5G was measured with a broadband meter. RF radiation reached >2,500,000 to >3,180,000 μW/m2 in peak maximum value in three of the studies. In total 41 different health issues were assessed for each person graded 0 (no complaint) to 10 (worst symptoms). Most prevalent and severe were sleeping difficultly (insomnia, waking night time, early wake-up), headache, fatique, irritability, concentration problems, loss of immediate memory, emotional distress, depression tendency, anxiety/panic, dysesthesia (unusual touched based sensations), burning and lancinating skin, cardiovascular symptoms (transitory high or irregular pulse), dyspnea, and pain in muscles and joints. Balance disorder and tinnitus were less prevalent. All these symptoms are included in the microwave syndrome. In most cases the symptoms declined and disappeared within a short time period after the studied persons had moved to a place with no 5G. These case histories are classical examples of provocation studies. They reinforce the urgency to inhibit the deployment of 5G until more safety studies have been performed.

自 2019/2020 年起,瑞典和许多其他国家正在部署第五代(5G)无线通信。我们曾发表过七份病例报告,其中包括 16 名年龄在 4 岁至 83 岁之间的患者,他们在暴露于住所附近的 5G 基站后,在短时间内患上了微波综合症。所有病例均使用宽带测量仪测量了 4G/5G 的高射频(RF)辐射。在其中三项研究中,射频辐射的最大峰值大于 2,500,000 至大于 3,180,000 μW/m2。每个人总共有 41 个不同的健康问题接受了评估,从 0(无不适)到 10(症状最严重)。最普遍和最严重的症状是睡眠困难(失眠、夜醒、早醒)、头痛、疲倦、易怒、注意力不集中、记忆力减退、情绪低落、抑郁倾向、焦虑/恐慌、感觉异常(不寻常的触觉)、皮肤灼热和刺痛、心血管症状(短暂的脉搏增快或不规则)、呼吸困难以及肌肉和关节疼痛。平衡失调和耳鸣的发生率较低。所有这些症状都属于微波综合征。在大多数情况下,被研究者搬到没有 5G 的地方后,症状会在短时间内减轻和消失。这些病例是挑衅研究的经典范例。在进行更多的安全研究之前,它们加强了抑制 5G 部署的紧迫性。
{"title":"Summary of seven Swedish case reports on the microwave syndrome associated with 5G radiofrequency radiation.","authors":"Lennart Hardell, Mona Nilsson","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fifth generation, 5G, for wireless communication is currently deployed in Sweden since 2019/2020, as well as in many other countries. We have previously published seven case reports that include a total of 16 persons aged between 4 and 83 years that developed the microwave syndrome within short time after being exposed to 5G base stations close to their dwellings. In all cases high radiofrequency (RF) radiation from 4G/5G was measured with a broadband meter. RF radiation reached >2,500,000 to >3,180,000 μW/m<sup>2</sup> in peak maximum value in three of the studies. In total 41 different health issues were assessed for each person graded 0 (no complaint) to 10 (worst symptoms). Most prevalent and severe were sleeping difficultly (insomnia, waking night time, early wake-up), headache, fatique, irritability, concentration problems, loss of immediate memory, emotional distress, depression tendency, anxiety/panic, dysesthesia (unusual touched based sensations), burning and lancinating skin, cardiovascular symptoms (transitory high or irregular pulse), dyspnea, and pain in muscles and joints. Balance disorder and tinnitus were less prevalent. All these symptoms are included in the microwave syndrome. In most cases the symptoms declined and disappeared within a short time period after the studied persons had moved to a place with no 5G. These case histories are classical examples of provocation studies. They reinforce the urgency to inhibit the deployment of 5G until more safety studies have been performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the link between ambient PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory diseases in the elderly: a study in the Muang district of Khon Kaen, Thailand. 探索环境 PM2.5 浓度与老年人呼吸道疾病之间的联系:泰国孔敬府 Muang 区的一项研究。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0138
Chananya Jirapornkul, Kornkawat Darunikorn, Yuparat Limmongkon, Rittirong Junggoth, Naowarat Maneenin, Pornpun Sakunkoo, Jetnapis Rayubkul

The impact of air pollution is a major public health concern. However, there are few studies on the correlation between PM2.5 and respiratory infections. This study aimed to determine a link between PM2.5 and respiratory diseases among the elderly in Thailand. The data source for this study consisted of 43 electronic files from the Khon Kaen Provincial Health Office covering years 2020 and 2021 and surveyed a total of 43,534 people. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and 95 % CI. We found that exposure to PM2.5 concentrations (in 10 μg m-3 increments) was associated with respiratory diseases (AOR: 3.98; 95 % CI [1.53-10.31]). Respondents who are male, aged less than 80 years, single, self-employed, or working as contractors, have a body mass index (BMI) not equal to the standard, have NCDs (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease), are smokers, live in sub-districts where more than 5 % of the land is planted to sugarcane, or live in close proximity to a biomass power plant were at significantly higher risk of developing respiratory diseases (p<0.05). Therefore, environmental factors including ambient PM2.5 concentrations, the proportion of sugarcane plantation areas, and biomass power plants impact the occurrence of respiratory diseases among the elderly. Also, demographic factors and NCDs are serious issues. Systematic approaches to reducing PM2.5 levels in industrial and agricultural sectors are necessary for both the general population and vulnerable groups, including the elderly and NCD patients.

空气污染的影响是一个重大的公共卫生问题。然而,有关 PM2.5 与呼吸道感染之间相关性的研究却很少。本研究旨在确定 PM2.5 与泰国老年人呼吸道疾病之间的联系。本研究的数据来源包括来自孔敬省卫生厅的 43 份电子文档,涵盖 2020 年和 2021 年,共调查了 43,534 人。研究采用广义线性混合模型(GLMM)来确定调整后的几率比(AOR)和 95 % CI。我们发现,暴露于 PM2.5 浓度(以 10 μg m-3 为增量)与呼吸系统疾病有关(AOR:3.98;95 % CI [1.53-10.31])。男性、80 岁以下、单身、自营职业者或承包商、体重指数(BMI)不达标、患有非传染性疾病(高血压、糖尿病和心血管疾病)、吸烟、居住在甘蔗种植面积超过 5% 的分区或居住在生物质发电厂附近的受访者患呼吸系统疾病的风险明显更高(P2.5 浓度、甘蔗种植区比例和生物质发电厂对老年人呼吸系统疾病的发生有影响。此外,人口因素和非传染性疾病也是严重的问题。对于普通人群和弱势群体(包括老年人和非传染性疾病患者)来说,有必要采取系统的方法来降低工业和农业部门的 PM2.5 水平。
{"title":"Exploring the link between ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and respiratory diseases in the elderly: a study in the Muang district of Khon Kaen, Thailand.","authors":"Chananya Jirapornkul, Kornkawat Darunikorn, Yuparat Limmongkon, Rittirong Junggoth, Naowarat Maneenin, Pornpun Sakunkoo, Jetnapis Rayubkul","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2023-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2023-0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of air pollution is a major public health concern. However, there are few studies on the correlation between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and respiratory infections. This study aimed to determine a link between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and respiratory diseases among the elderly in Thailand. The data source for this study consisted of 43 electronic files from the Khon Kaen Provincial Health Office covering years 2020 and 2021 and surveyed a total of 43,534 people. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and 95 % CI. We found that exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations (in 10 μg m<sup>-3</sup> increments) was associated with respiratory diseases (AOR: 3.98; 95 % CI [1.53-10.31]). Respondents who are male, aged less than 80 years, single, self-employed, or working as contractors, have a body mass index (BMI) not equal to the standard, have NCDs (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease), are smokers, live in sub-districts where more than 5 % of the land is planted to sugarcane, or live in close proximity to a biomass power plant were at significantly higher risk of developing respiratory diseases (p<0.05). Therefore, environmental factors including ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations, the proportion of sugarcane plantation areas, and biomass power plants impact the occurrence of respiratory diseases among the elderly. Also, demographic factors and NCDs are serious issues. Systematic approaches to reducing PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels in industrial and agricultural sectors are necessary for both the general population and vulnerable groups, including the elderly and NCD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Standards for levels of lead in soil and dust around the world. 全球土壤和灰尘中铅含量标准。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0030
Omosehin D Moyebi, Tamba Lebbie, David O Carpenter

Lead poisoning is a serious environmental health problem in every country in the world. Exposure to lead results in neurocognitive and behavioral changes, has adverse effects on the immune system, causes anemia, hypertension and perturbs other organ systems. The effects of lead poisoning are most critical for children because their bodies are growing and developing, and particularly because agents that reduce cognitive function and attention span as well as promote disruptive behavior will have life-long consequences. Lead exposure, especially to children, is a major health disparity issue. If the next generation starts with reduced cognitive ability, there will be significant barriers for development of skills and country-wide development. While there are many sources of exposure to lead, the commonest source is lead in soil and dust. Since lead is an element, it does not go away and past releases of lead into the environment remain as soil and dust contamination. This is an especially important route of exposure to children because children regularly play in soil and are exposed via hand-to-mouth activity. In addition to indoor sources of lead, contaminated soil is tracked on shoes or feet and blown by air currents into homes, accumulating in household dust which is a major source of exposure for both children and adults. The purpose of this review is to determine standards presumed to be health protective for lead and dust in different countries. We find that many countries have no standards for lead in soil and dust and rely on standards set by the World Health Organization or the US Environmental Protection Agency, and these standards may or may not be enforced. There is considerable variation in standards set by other countries.

铅中毒在世界各国都是一个严重的环境健康问题。接触铅会导致神经认知和行为改变,对免疫系统产生不良影响,引起贫血、高血压,并扰乱其他器官系统。铅中毒对儿童的影响最为严重,因为他们的身体正处于生长发育阶段,尤其是因为降低认知功能和注意力以及助长破坏性行为的物质会造成终身后果。铅暴露,尤其是儿童铅暴露,是一个重大的健康差异问题。如果下一代的认知能力一开始就下降,那么他们的技能发展和整个国家的发展都将面临巨大的障碍。虽然接触铅的来源很多,但最常见的来源是土壤和灰尘中的铅。由于铅是一种元素,它不会消失,过去释放到环境中的铅仍会以土壤和灰尘污染的形式存在。这是儿童接触铅的一个特别重要的途径,因为儿童经常在土壤中玩耍,并通过手到口的活动接触铅。除了室内的铅污染源,受污染的土壤会随鞋或脚进入室内,并被气流吹入室内,积聚在家庭灰尘中,这也是儿童和成人接触铅的主要来源。本次审查的目的是确定不同国家假定的铅和灰尘健康保护标准。我们发现,许多国家都没有针对土壤和灰尘中铅含量的标准,而是依赖于世界卫生组织或美国环境保护局制定的标准,而这些标准可能会也可能不会被执行。其他国家制定的标准也存在很大差异。
{"title":"Standards for levels of lead in soil and dust around the world.","authors":"Omosehin D Moyebi, Tamba Lebbie, David O Carpenter","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead poisoning is a serious environmental health problem in every country in the world. Exposure to lead results in neurocognitive and behavioral changes, has adverse effects on the immune system, causes anemia, hypertension and perturbs other organ systems. The effects of lead poisoning are most critical for children because their bodies are growing and developing, and particularly because agents that reduce cognitive function and attention span as well as promote disruptive behavior will have life-long consequences. Lead exposure, especially to children, is a major health disparity issue. If the next generation starts with reduced cognitive ability, there will be significant barriers for development of skills and country-wide development. While there are many sources of exposure to lead, the commonest source is lead in soil and dust. Since lead is an element, it does not go away and past releases of lead into the environment remain as soil and dust contamination. This is an especially important route of exposure to children because children regularly play in soil and are exposed via hand-to-mouth activity. In addition to indoor sources of lead, contaminated soil is tracked on shoes or feet and blown by air currents into homes, accumulating in household dust which is a major source of exposure for both children and adults. The purpose of this review is to determine standards presumed to be health protective for lead and dust in different countries. We find that many countries have no standards for lead in soil and dust and rely on standards set by the World Health Organization or the US Environmental Protection Agency, and these standards may or may not be enforced. There is considerable variation in standards set by other countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of geology on the quality of groundwater for domestic use: a Kenyan review. 地质对家用地下水水质的影响:肯尼亚综述。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0022
Patrick Kirita Gevera, Ednah Kwamboka Onyari

Kenya's population, akin to other Sub-Saharan countries, is rapidly growing. With the increasing unreliability of surface water, groundwater resources are becoming highly relied on for domestic and industrial use. Despite several known contaminants reported in different parts of the country, no study has attempted to correlate groundwater quality in the different geological provinces. This review critically synthesizes the influence of Kenya's diverse geology on groundwater quality for human consumption. This was achieved through a review of published journal articles and other research material through research and government databases. Groundwater was categorised based on the major geological provinces including the Archaean volcanic Nyanzian Craton, the Proterozoic metamorphic Mozambique Mobile Belt (MMB) and volcanic Kisii Group, the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments, and Tertiary volcanic Rift Valley. Groundwater quality in these regions showed a characteristic high concentration of fluoride (F-) in volcanic aquifers of the Rift Valley and Nyazian Craton and metamorphic aquifers of the MMB, where mineral dissolution was the main process of F- release. High salinity was common in metamorphic aquifers in the MMB and the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary aquifers where mineral dissolution and seawater intrusion were the common contributors to salinity. Other contaminants such as lead and iron were reported in localised areas in the sedimentary and metamorphic aquifers, respectively. Anthropogenic contaminants such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), NO3 -, and NO2 - were common in shallow groundwater resources in most informal settlements in urban areas. Due to the presence of health implications, of the highlighted contaminants, such as fluorosis, high blood pressure and diarrhoea (due to high F- and salinity) in affected regions, this review highlights the need for an active water resource management program in any country relying on groundwater resources to determine the presence of all region-specific potentially harmful chemical elements and mitigation measures in all its water resources.

与其他撒哈拉以南国家一样,肯尼亚的人口也在迅速增长。由于地表水越来越不可靠,家庭和工业用水越来越依赖地下水资源。尽管该国不同地区报告了几种已知的污染物,但还没有研究试图将不同地质省份的地下水质量联系起来。本综述对肯尼亚不同地质对供人类饮用的地下水水质的影响进行了批判性综合。为此,我们通过研究和政府数据库对已发表的期刊论文和其他研究资料进行了审查。根据主要地质带对地下水进行了分类,包括太古宙火山岩尼安齐安克拉通、新生代变质莫桑比克移动带(MMB)和火山基西群、古生代和中生代沉积物以及第三纪火山裂谷。这些地区的地下水水质显示,大裂谷和尼亚齐安克拉通的火山含水层以及莫桑比克移动带的变质含水层具有高浓度氟化物(F-)的特征,矿物溶解是氟化物释放的主要过程。在多金属结核区的变质含水层以及古生代和中生代沉积含水层中,高盐度很常见,矿物溶解和海水入侵是造成盐度的常见原因。据报告,沉积含水层和变质含水层的局部地区还存在其他污染物,如铅和铁。大肠杆菌(E. coli)、三氧化二氮(NO3-)和二氧化氮(NO2-)等人为污染物在城市地区大多数非正规住区的浅层地下水资源中很常见。由于受影响地区存在氟中毒、高血压和腹泻(由于高氟和高盐度)等重点污染物对健康的影响,本综述强调,任何依赖地下水资源的国家都需要制定积极的水资源管理计划,以确定其所有水资源中是否存在针对特定地区的潜在有害化学元素和缓解措施。
{"title":"The influence of geology on the quality of groundwater for domestic use: a Kenyan review.","authors":"Patrick Kirita Gevera, Ednah Kwamboka Onyari","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2024-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kenya's population, akin to other Sub-Saharan countries, is rapidly growing. With the increasing unreliability of surface water, groundwater resources are becoming highly relied on for domestic and industrial use. Despite several known contaminants reported in different parts of the country, no study has attempted to correlate groundwater quality in the different geological provinces. This review critically synthesizes the influence of Kenya's diverse geology on groundwater quality for human consumption. This was achieved through a review of published journal articles and other research material through research and government databases. Groundwater was categorised based on the major geological provinces including the Archaean volcanic Nyanzian Craton, the Proterozoic metamorphic Mozambique Mobile Belt (MMB) and volcanic Kisii Group, the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments, and Tertiary volcanic Rift Valley. Groundwater quality in these regions showed a characteristic high concentration of fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>) in volcanic aquifers of the Rift Valley and Nyazian Craton and metamorphic aquifers of the MMB, where mineral dissolution was the main process of F<sup>-</sup> release. High salinity was common in metamorphic aquifers in the MMB and the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary aquifers where mineral dissolution and seawater intrusion were the common contributors to salinity. Other contaminants such as lead and iron were reported in localised areas in the sedimentary and metamorphic aquifers, respectively. Anthropogenic contaminants such as Escherichia coli (<i>E. coli)</i>, NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>, and NO<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup> were common in shallow groundwater resources in most informal settlements in urban areas. Due to the presence of health implications, of the highlighted contaminants, such as fluorosis, high blood pressure and diarrhoea (due to high F<sup>-</sup> and salinity) in affected regions, this review highlights the need for an active water resource management program in any country relying on groundwater resources to determine the presence of all region-specific potentially harmful chemical elements and mitigation measures in all its water resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expanding the focus of the One Health concept: links between the Earth-system processes of the planetary boundaries framework and antibiotic resistance. 扩大 "同一健康 "概念的重点:地球边界框架的地球系统过程与抗生素耐药性之间的联系。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0013
Itziar Alkorta, Carlos Garbisu

The scientific community warns that our impact on planet Earth is so acute that we are crossing several of the planetary boundaries that demarcate the safe operating space for humankind. Besides, there is mounting evidence of serious effects on people's health derived from the ongoing environmental degradation. Regarding human health, the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is one of the most critical public health issues worldwide. Relevantly, antibiotic resistance has been claimed to be the quintessential One Health issue. The One Health concept links human, animal, and environmental health, but it is frequently only focused on the risk of zoonotic pathogens to public health or, to a lesser extent, the impact of contaminants on human health, i.e., adverse effects on human health coming from the other two One Health "compartments". It is recurrently claimed that antibiotic resistance must be approached from a One Health perspective, but such statement often only refers to the connection between the use of antibiotics in veterinary practice and the antibiotic resistance crisis, or the impact of contaminants (antibiotics, heavy metals, disinfectants, etc.) on antibiotic resistance. Nonetheless, the nine Earth-system processes considered in the planetary boundaries framework can be directly or indirectly linked to antibiotic resistance. Here, some of the main links between those processes and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance are described. The ultimate goal is to expand the focus of the One Health concept by pointing out the links between critical Earth-system processes and the One Health quintessential issue, i.e., antibiotic resistance.

科学界警告说,我们对地球的影响是如此严重,以至于我们正在跨越为人类划定安全活动空间的几条地球边界。此外,越来越多的证据表明,持续的环境退化对人类健康造成了严重影响。在人类健康方面,抗生素耐药性细菌的传播是全球最严重的公共卫生问题之一。与此相关的是,抗生素耐药性被认为是典型的 "一体健康 "问题。一体健康 "概念将人类健康、动物健康和环境健康联系在一起,但它往往只关注人畜共通病原体对公共健康的风险,或在较小程度上关注污染物对人类健康的影响,即来自 "一体健康 "其他两个 "部分 "对人类健康的不利影响。人们经常声称,必须从 "同一健康 "的角度来看待抗生素耐药性问题,但这种说法往往只是指兽医使用抗生素与抗生素耐药性危机之间的联系,或污染物(抗生素、重金属、消毒剂等)对抗生素耐药性的影响。不过,行星边界框架中考虑的九个地球系统过程都可能与抗生素耐药性直接或间接相关。这里将介绍这些过程与抗生素耐药性传播之间的一些主要联系。其最终目的是通过指出关键地球系统过程与 "一个健康 "核心问题(即抗生素耐药性)之间的联系,扩大 "一个健康 "概念的关注范围。
{"title":"Expanding the focus of the One Health concept: links between the Earth-system processes of the planetary boundaries framework and antibiotic resistance.","authors":"Itziar Alkorta, Carlos Garbisu","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0013","DOIUrl":"10.1515/reveh-2024-0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scientific community warns that our impact on planet Earth is so acute that we are crossing several of the planetary boundaries that demarcate the safe operating space for humankind. Besides, there is mounting evidence of serious effects on people's health derived from the ongoing environmental degradation. Regarding human health, the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is one of the most critical public health issues worldwide. Relevantly, antibiotic resistance has been claimed to be the quintessential One Health issue. The One Health concept links human, animal, and environmental health, but it is frequently only focused on the risk of zoonotic pathogens to public health or, to a lesser extent, the impact of contaminants on human health, i.e., adverse effects on human health coming from the other two One Health \"compartments\". It is recurrently claimed that antibiotic resistance must be approached from a One Health perspective, but such statement often only refers to the connection between the use of antibiotics in veterinary practice and the antibiotic resistance crisis, or the impact of contaminants (antibiotics, heavy metals, disinfectants, etc.) on antibiotic resistance. Nonetheless, the nine Earth-system processes considered in the planetary boundaries framework can be directly or indirectly linked to antibiotic resistance. Here, some of the main links between those processes and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance are described. The ultimate goal is to expand the focus of the One Health concept by pointing out the links between critical Earth-system processes and the One Health quintessential issue, i.e., antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phthalates and uterine disorders. 邻苯二甲酸盐与子宫疾病
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0159
Shuhong Yang, Shuhao Yang, Aiyue Luo

Humans are ubiquitously exposed to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates. Phthalates can migrate out of products and enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal application, can have potential estrogenic/antiestrogenic and/or androgenic/antiandrogenic activity, and are involved in many diseases. As a female reproductive organ that is regulated by hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and androgen, the uterus can develop several disorders such as leiomyoma, endometriosis and abnormal bleeding. In this review, we summarize the hormone-like activities of phthalates, in vitro studies of endometrial cells exposed to phthalates, epigenetic modifications in the uterus induced by phthalate exposure, and associations between phthalate exposure and uterine disorders such as leiomyoma and endometriosis. Moreover, we also discuss the current research gaps in understanding the relationship between phthalate exposure and uterine disorders.

人类无处不在地接触到邻苯二甲酸盐等干扰环境内分泌的化学品。邻苯二甲酸盐可从产品中迁移出来,通过摄入、吸入或皮肤涂抹进入人体,具有潜在的雌激素/抗雌激素和/或雄激素/抗雄激素活性,并与许多疾病有关。作为受雌激素、孕激素和雄激素等激素调节的女性生殖器官,子宫可能会出现多种疾病,如子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异位症和异常出血等。在这篇综述中,我们总结了邻苯二甲酸盐的激素样活性、暴露于邻苯二甲酸盐的子宫内膜细胞的体外研究、暴露于邻苯二甲酸盐诱导的子宫表观遗传学改变,以及暴露于邻苯二甲酸盐与子宫疾病(如子宫肌瘤和子宫内膜异位症)之间的关联。此外,我们还讨论了目前在理解邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与子宫疾病之间关系方面存在的研究空白。
{"title":"Phthalates and uterine disorders.","authors":"Shuhong Yang, Shuhao Yang, Aiyue Luo","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2023-0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2023-0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans are ubiquitously exposed to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates. Phthalates can migrate out of products and enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal application, can have potential estrogenic/antiestrogenic and/or androgenic/antiandrogenic activity, and are involved in many diseases. As a female reproductive organ that is regulated by hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and androgen, the uterus can develop several disorders such as leiomyoma, endometriosis and abnormal bleeding. In this review, we summarize the hormone-like activities of phthalates, <i>in vitro</i> studies of endometrial cells exposed to phthalates, epigenetic modifications in the uterus induced by phthalate exposure, and associations between phthalate exposure and uterine disorders such as leiomyoma and endometriosis. Moreover, we also discuss the current research gaps in understanding the relationship between phthalate exposure and uterine disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of educational interventions for the prevention of lead poisoning in children: a systematic review. 预防儿童铅中毒的教育干预措施的有效性:系统综述。
IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0108
Joanna Balza, Jean C Bikomeye, Kathryn E Flynn

Introduction: Childhood exposure to lead has severe health consequences including long-term physical, behavioral, and learning problems. Lead poisoning often occurs in the home and persists as a form of environmental injustice, disparately impacting certain children based on factors such as socioeconomic status, immigration status, and race. Because abatement is costly, many prevention programs rely on educational interventions. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of educational interventions on reducing blood lead levels (BLL) in children.

Content: Following PRISMA-P guidelines, a librarian-guided search strategy incorporated database-specific subject headings and keywords related to lead poisoning and education, and encompassed four databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and CINAHL. Two reviewers screened the results for those that met inclusion criteria (original research, study population of children under 18 years, inclusion of an educational intervention, outcome of BLL).

Summary and outlook: We screened the titles of 2,062 non-duplicate studies, the abstracts of 78 studies, and full texts of 23 articles, resulting in 17 articles that met eligibility criteria. Thirteen studies used multi-pronged interventions, which precluded comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the educational component. Interventions that had success in lowering BLL included some notable elements: longevity of intervention, consideration of culture and ethnicity; use of a community or home-based approach; and provision of supplies or assistance with cleaning. Of the four of studies that used solely educational interventions, three were successful in reducing BLL. Among the 12 studies that used a control group, six found their interventions to be successful in reducing BLL. This review found that educational interventions, either alone or as part of a multi-pronged approach, do not consistently reduce BLL in children. However, educational interventions may decrease severity of lead poisoning in children when more robust interventions are not feasible.

导言:儿童期接触铅会造成严重的健康后果,包括长期的身体、行为和学习问题。铅中毒通常发生在家中,并作为一种环境不公正的形式持续存在,对某些儿童的影响因社会经济地位、移民身份和种族等因素而不同。由于消除铅含量成本高昂,许多预防计划都依赖于教育干预。我们进行了一项系统性研究,以评估教育干预对降低儿童血铅含量(BLL)的有效性:根据 PRISMA-P 指南,图书馆员指导的检索策略纳入了与铅中毒和教育相关的特定数据库主题词和关键词,并涵盖了四个数据库:Ovid MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science Core Collection 和 CINAHL。两名审稿人对符合纳入标准(原创研究、研究人群为 18 岁以下儿童、纳入教育干预措施、结果为 BLL)的结果进行了筛选:我们筛选了 2,062 项非重复研究的标题、78 项研究的摘要和 23 篇文章的全文,最终有 17 篇文章符合资格标准。有 13 项研究采用了多管齐下的干预措施,因此无法对教育部分的有效性进行全面评估。在降低 BLL 方面取得成功的干预措施包括一些值得注意的要素:干预措施的长期性、对文化和种族的考虑;采用社区或家庭方法;以及提供清洁用品或协助清洁。在 4 项仅采用教育干预措施的研究中,有 3 项成功降低了 BLL。在使用对照组的 12 项研究中,有 6 项研究发现其干预措施成功降低了 BLL。本综述发现,教育干预措施,无论是单独使用还是作为多管齐下方法的一部分,都不能持续降低儿童的 BLL。不过,在无法采取更有力的干预措施时,教育干预措施可能会降低儿童铅中毒的严重程度。
{"title":"Effectiveness of educational interventions for the prevention of lead poisoning in children: a systematic review.","authors":"Joanna Balza, Jean C Bikomeye, Kathryn E Flynn","doi":"10.1515/reveh-2023-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2023-0108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Childhood exposure to lead has severe health consequences including long-term physical, behavioral, and learning problems. Lead poisoning often occurs in the home and persists as a form of environmental injustice, disparately impacting certain children based on factors such as socioeconomic status, immigration status, and race. Because abatement is costly, many prevention programs rely on educational interventions. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of educational interventions on reducing blood lead levels (BLL) in children.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Following PRISMA-P guidelines, a librarian-guided search strategy incorporated database-specific subject headings and keywords related to lead poisoning and education, and encompassed four databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and CINAHL. Two reviewers screened the results for those that met inclusion criteria (original research, study population of children under 18 years, inclusion of an educational intervention, outcome of BLL).</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>We screened the titles of 2,062 non-duplicate studies, the abstracts of 78 studies, and full texts of 23 articles, resulting in 17 articles that met eligibility criteria. Thirteen studies used multi-pronged interventions, which precluded comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the educational component. Interventions that had success in lowering BLL included some notable elements: longevity of intervention, consideration of culture and ethnicity; use of a community or home-based approach; and provision of supplies or assistance with cleaning. Of the four of studies that used solely educational interventions, three were successful in reducing BLL. Among the 12 studies that used a control group, six found their interventions to be successful in reducing BLL. This review found that educational interventions, either alone or as part of a multi-pronged approach, do not consistently reduce BLL in children. However, educational interventions may decrease severity of lead poisoning in children when more robust interventions are not feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":21165,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Reviews on Environmental Health
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1